{"title":"A Comparative Study of Afghan Traditional and Contemporary Courtyard Housing Regarding Affordable Planning and Sustainability","authors":"Mohammad Saraj Sharifzai, Keisuke Kitagawa, Mohammad Kamil Halimee, Javid Habib, Daishi Sakaguchi","volume":111,"journal":"International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering","pagesStart":412,"pagesEnd":418,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10004142","abstract":"<p>The purpose of this research is to upgrade a pleasing, sustainable and safe shelter in the Afghan urban community. It also aims to maintain traditional housing, which is fitted to its environment, while attempting to upgrade it with new, traditional standards. The three main objectives of this study are to upgrade the traditional courtyard house to become safe and sustainable today and tomorrow; to fit the contemporary house environmentally and culturally, and to suppress or reduce the broad gap between traditional and contemporary housing. The paper tries to exhibit and analyze the sustainably best practices available in both traditional and contemporary courtyard housing in Afghanistan. For instance, the use of thick walls and Tawa-Khana (floor heating system) shows the best sustainable practice in that context.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\tStanley Ira Hallet and Rafi Samizay. (1980) Traditional Architecture of Afghanistan, Garland STM Publishing. \r\n[2]\tRafi Samai Zai. (1981) Islamic Architecture in Herat: A Study Towards Conservation, Research Section of International Project for Heart.\r\n[3]\tJennifer Brick. (2008) \"The Political Economy of Customary Village Organizations in Rural Afghanistan.\" Paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, Washington, D.C., September 2008.\r\n[4]\tBashir A. Kazimee. \"The Role of Environmental and Cultural Heritage in Rebuilding the Afghan Cities.\" In Instant Cities: Emergent Trends in Architecture and Urbanism in the Arab World\r\n[5]\tMr. Adam, Mr. L.M. Austin, et al. (2000) Guidelines for Human Settlement, Planning and Design, Volume 1. Compiled under the patronage of the Department of Housing by CSIR Building and Construction Technology.\r\n[6]\tAldawoud, A. (2007). Thermal performance of courtyard buildings. Energy and Buildings 40, 906-910. \r\n[7]\tAl-Hemiddi, N. A., & Al-Saud, K. A. (2001). The effect of a ventilated interior courtyard on the thermal performance of a house in a hot-arid region. \r\n[8]\tPolyzoides, S., Sherwood, R., & Tice, J. (1992). Courtyard Housing in Los Angeles (Second ed.). New York: Princeton Architectural Press. \r\n[9]\tClay Brick and Paver Institute. The Role of Thermal Mass in Energy-Efficient House Design; Austral Bricks: Langford, Australia, 2006. \r\n[10]\t Darsner, Simon, Principles of Stability, translated by Daneshvar Kakhaki, Mahmoud et al, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 2005. \r\n[11]\t Kibert, Charles, sustainable construction: Green building design and delivery, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & sons, third edition, 2012. \r\n[12]\tAzerbaijani, Mona - Mofidi, Seyed Majid, \"The concept of stability architecture \", a set of the Third Conference about the optimization of fuel consumption in buildings, 2003. \r\n[13]\tKamel Nia, Hamed- Diba, Darab- Shayan, Hamid, \"Approaches of Contemporary Architecture of Iran\", Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 2006. \r\n[14]\tGrout, Linda. David Wang, Architectural Research method, John Wiley & Sons, 2002, 341-374. \r\n[15]\tSoflayi, Farzaneh, \"Stability of climate elements in Iranian traditional architecture (hot and dry climate)\", a set of the Third Conference about the optimization of fuel consumption in buildings, 2003. \r\n[16]\tKhodabakhshi, Shohreh and Mofidi Seyed Majid, \"Stability construction in relation to Iran's traditional architecture\", Third International Conference of Energy, 2001. \r\n[17]\tAzizi, Mohammad Mehdi (1995a) \"The Provision of Urban Infrastructure in Iran: An Empirical Evaluation\", Urban Studies, Vol. 32.\r\n[18]\tLawson, Bill. (1996). Building Materials, Energy and the Environment. Red Hill: Royal Australian Institute of Architect. ","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 111, 2016"}