CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913511748cda5f9f',cH: 'vsGFatd_Hy4NNh0AoFm6GoRc.UeT9XqVhQkbcXcFdaw-1739787871-1.2.1.1-uFLAHrLiNMlPdcmYExS.kdAU56O3_Cf103R2V18S_9_.oz6tDXUwxurRZUFVvTYR',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=verification&__cf_chl_tk=AGKWZYRZ_AqlyHFIiunIm1mtby2aMYkVAIyIRE5stRY-1739787871-1.0.1.1-mNtZYCJsoTkqAX0ctjGeexSM3q8ZW7SIvpMaLxoA1gU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787871',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=verification&__cf_chl_f_tk=AGKWZYRZ_AqlyHFIiunIm1mtby2aMYkVAIyIRE5stRY-1739787871-1.0.1.1-mNtZYCJsoTkqAX0ctjGeexSM3q8ZW7SIvpMaLxoA1gU",md: "VSkGaMHajkZXUhJHZ3gRIf2AMn8Qre.3n2pnNA_2Mpo-1739787871-1.2.1.1-aj3VOCZmA.KfxncmH4xBxc2ekZV_xOqrutqyiFO_5zuX1HtjHcAUftPc3YYXHCuFtfxmP8cLxCDIDUm5mO4kpvnnLni4sRcZEMJrPOmVSBKirHyZ3fXXnKX8voEzXWDI8.RjZJQf4.XSzNwjvAsCYHFUAnKuR1Ez5x6..6uJYKPE_F4FNxDPSjV6UgvL6fGXCLE.xpy4MLm2egB.WWcMBharz9Tb9wusEISLk93srs.PWZ8MLF.5jybnQ.bsGfYr6bnoyDKn1mzQtW9TVS07yVXULnIrPMGPH_4SZYj93uG39EUyu0TrJF_vywkp_kpbi3kf_R4utw01lCm6jKE2KBQbvxH8nMLC6nFduWzAgFIga9K5aJT5Lmy0XJ4F0ASzjfzkFNkkhe3bc3YCb6HXtbbYOiYcxG0vWbymGeEVmiQmtEgiOtH1bno.FOr6it.JS5FQO6zPgJO7Luon1Qeq0fkcEKD2KRtmBd19UX3uau0fNRyT_MwblN_B3QkEJRr8GQBNazaHbRPfu8JbAU4CyKdMfqQuDd9bLzfw58k9bWVQ2hHY2e41.1TEK6KIt3yZuNMLTmh4rAKKzqfOs1Cv36wBGIv98ruCXgxq3SzscC.CTX9Ml3JJPTClfsswQ3VvoZMmpY9YtEjLWWaQig9DQH.1Q5_EJWpnanHu.0qBQUxwuqJcsYqiCNjZ38WnXEUckmcvgjT8.qCvATPTqSI9iWCARJFiDKz5NztU73C31O1zMNI6o1aGrGR3FCCKu6d2eBZ90h3lrAU6brrrYVHjrp8CoFwLaZxu66PiBkGrQCzN2ekJLxqwXBtFv_7ek5otBrUSFAZtjJDsfRn7Fa.BFuyDE9zuiCTjIRMXqi.gS0QJnqffnDogqUM2NlkKQhOTgTCKnPMOVle0gZR1WV.VAitVQC_UPIwdv1KFQgNwepfsq5EYuLov8vKZhDPlWqktf7oUWnK3.ApyKc.dKqFxvhPIwJPhIuPOEzZB.F2083RPBqkruIpJsEnVpj_H.pn.8U6JZ5Buki.eohi7XLqynyqjIUT0RjCbNDjWcDQV4XKJrqc3Z0_ZK5VAoFLR1afJMHULLTumCmjFlTSEPOnk3rA5ZK.pyAw6pfDHRi62IotzGCTppr_DBBCpi79v93Q230QfWXriRvr.wYa.Hg8mz8wKTQDGWMP8yUXMlJtTy50pSUSdnBbQUtrsCD9D7_KEeJfGW1cP0h0Jse9S__GPOtzdUh4rcKa7H4KxZgUCTtaJumNaoz27C3DGpkY7oorqhMlkh9DDFCLDfvrG7B7aYreGAIuoqwut_N62MLEaGcg_tWfJm7uIk.dTsWILeFciC6aY7iR0jzEF4Fml7P6xgJYtHmQSzpDWPZacjRa0fouCfwZAXzhmYIB9x0Df.C5UW71M2RKvKZJJKNVEPqSaIn8Ucz_ZPpptLJgxMiMLOC70Jr3u2tBEBVCic4Q8Jxqwa7nm9JMpVMz4RSogA9Vi29oiSFpv70Cy0DJVm5voT77aeuMR0DXQnrX2Aa52gLh3bysk2wMo7jK9cJcWSXxOwNsOdkEwVFipevpDOBqqr3GLpl4NoKfeXxtihVSgXNDJyfDSAdfSXCBudI2P4f9.Bb0CQ5xpgRfFtrKPCGSpHpQm0wQ62Vc9cLanEFZT63ObMphwlDb_ls7aJ5kBTktMUTWNJJYoM5A05a.I8pbSXz4jv7KGp2LP1vLfxs4rcziI5Md_.3mweMa1Ckj8I_shaEaZC.K7EWyp6Dk_kz_DvKAccIe4uPDqFWp_6hW0bYy9ScjIT5uS0sDZZmJtTwsfBgOzLI8ru3KbeyuYuY1ka78_UCtZVEf7QNz5DASBN7KcIF64ezq23MIUsI6AL4sugTS_6RHI_W9DUkazUTlIc4xgtVR7DJtMeOMcnOG52SrQ",mdrd: "_BkYld9F_LyhwnmuCISUGl75PXGj3EqPnvar4Qi9s_8-1739787871-1.2.1.1-FeWLY_S8RBnINGpeYexa5UF7cy_pIP4cM1Pd2m.1mE27qUe01rnZx_1z8rpksMNc9qkrHis7tR7WAUfsRliTyhwaPrc29Pq5gEGAwYJHQ7RbUrrprtEEn7kmPkn8ot4e1MZLvx5_oXWL8xU99dra2f6RMVCoS.YqtFOKC4792KoHHcvKO.ZsqpCMjkn9Cw.iWFzB.ouiGd2vp7kzv0edjaFFlJe8dyWd4hcHx07KN2Ym5wRY4TXoVRbEUmc2wsOggSr7bRwUuOeuLTei.O5QgoUYLREKml4_SHre89CnqP0zHTSDpQdx_FJA_i7L5fCP4g51lJfHgP2CocPykX0UextnJ0H3_hOp18NFvGrXmd8G1OHGM75WSPDuVxXsrdxcVMfqSpEBU5gZVVMpNxiwf3vRrE0yvJhA64D8SMvkoFAuHeB5kB04t4sStEWgIuFnWBzJEC0N_qg2cyUV8.aoqqlKAKr8kwAJK5DcsmzIZpFhhuK7KDaX9ttBjDkA9p1JUO2s02yhcFaItCK8pNissgMPOHqPt9GDlo2GCL5ZkM2sfkzXGI.vgyyPJLeH0NsBWRB4v0o2i2OvHGCUSvSrHUFEtkiqpcmH73UjBP3sZgLUY6qzp7JHr2ytvpWsqniSf9lKgGZKKCzCjZiYmr6HoRqn28tJ2nLfG0nKTS2D.ZpjBN8b9vZeNWnmkEUhNRLh.GfC79_RmF.Y2tCK9KUmZzcMh9zS3fKGGHS8FwrH1GtaZhyve81sI09O3zwp16eg40jjjuXZ.yJf3H9teApyHX3_9Esp_H65b2gpVRN3i2mjaPkFl9ob7wc1z_T6liNQ8smePVHLZLHt_iIcW8o7ouEcz5rj.RM0JxezxRuD8RumVqr2hhJOaPZvuKmMzr.ygFR8sHBtTwhtrx1zlwj5MwHq00.xrb0CkoXo.7S0MlSHwWMquxgy8kov4FxdP5zZ.qqCM28Ln2mvwYSrnsXTtgDV6wisPauReYjfQagZy671A45QputBGuCD6tALwwjEJqqBnJcYcnU2zja7AJ2887hN4luduolLtvDw5Aw_tX4p00BSnuZslfmRiJapZonwS4TYtPh93by0P6bou_vqdbDcB.eBrwqjnvrM20Pa_abiw1UbyTS1iGkY0yxI54u_XLn1YrmPimsoplsjMdrxCN38qzuaB9AbEI.PJmOWe3Honvfw2UR4ycdCc6kVpcA0EMSKps7eeQe4hqXXt157H8r1EmYjbnGmD4O8AmKg3PRTa9wXziaCmrTbJ6oAcL0CYNCQZMEnTPBpBeEf2H5DfJv67dwQDt2cObFA_HciQ2D0BD9dECFoozrKkpmbU9Cx0jPMUGO4FIZpAyDv7I84LKW6UoDi4JhLMV45gxEBdwC9jjV84b9jmvS_NrtcBUhF.3AJNqfVEyT3fNf8UYyeQ2Rq7kljs4QCrzRU1JFM0mWlDxhDy1GRM.1r6G5LO_LIF6L16RO4wGCCTjOalPocGgmWX03MhR2jBeW5xM8RTnn2EnkfuusOnLTOo3VgaLgc.Re.AxVMz167Q1EhYuW0lIyTMSr4AGRgtJv6RgxZocK5thIw1_fkV0UxvuVRBMRP.ee6UkV5_BF3sSJkulXS30.Fm7pkYVWjcF.xFBUu4KwUXmhI9FScCa4DsaFatSiA9t1wTQ8V9vWT5U_.Y6N_a5coR2X3MSPkrXb7Pm60Ake5AAchiw54mR2JMIfNdEayNR8doC6udeVp6ivm_ydgW2z_p3jw309CWEdcD4DNXIAUPKTUdTgBAVMGZLx1hIOaG.T1SMnbY8ONUcdQtCrpb7jzjixqEjODYmudodih6mthEm7hLt7EnNxxnh0RJnqIa952OnbcvXadjG_BqZgTgLug06PQ0bFMptTi62CjgZ6t4mNQQYldnEtWR2wHAaebxznkjDXxtZhvqnFgLeR7x_fGVR1_i_lk5gQGBdw5.oh2DzCa4t9XfNOs_KReaZfUnaGXZ88IyVUVwRIcuL2VyQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913511748cda5f9f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=verification&__cf_chl_rt_tk=AGKWZYRZ_AqlyHFIiunIm1mtby2aMYkVAIyIRE5stRY-1739787871-1.0.1.1-mNtZYCJsoTkqAX0ctjGeexSM3q8ZW7SIvpMaLxoA1gU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>