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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Christopher" title="George Christopher – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="George Christopher" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Christopher" title="George Christopher – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="George Christopher" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Кристофер, Джордж – Russian" lang="ru" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">George Christopher</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Christopher,_Mayor_of_San_Francisco_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/George_Christopher%2C_Mayor_of_San_Francisco_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-George_Christopher%2C_Mayor_of_San_Francisco_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/George_Christopher%2C_Mayor_of_San_Francisco_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-George_Christopher%2C_Mayor_of_San_Francisco_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/George_Christopher%2C_Mayor_of_San_Francisco_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-George_Christopher%2C_Mayor_of_San_Francisco_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1427" data-file-height="1903" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Christopher <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1955</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">34th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_San_Francisco" title="Mayor of San Francisco">Mayor of San Francisco</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 8, 1956 – January 8, 1964</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Robinson" title="Elmer Robinson">Elmer Robinson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Shelley" title="John F. Shelley">John F. Shelley</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Georgios Christopheles</div><br />December 8, 1907<br /><a href="/wiki/Agios_Petros,_Arcadia" title="Agios Petros, Arcadia">Agios Petros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(regional_unit)" title="Arcadia (regional unit)">Arcadia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 14, 2000<span style="display:none">(2000-09-14)</span> (aged 92)<br /><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Tula Sarantitis</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1935; died 1990)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Accountant, businessman</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George Christopher</b> (born <b>George Christopheles</b>; December 8, 1907 – September 14, 2000) was a <a href="/wiki/Greek-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek-American">Greek-American</a> politician who served as the 34th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_San_Francisco" title="Mayor of San Francisco">mayor of San Francisco</a> from 1956 to 1964. As of 2024, he is the most recent <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> to be elected mayor of San Francisco. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Christopher_(mayor)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born George Christopheles in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(regional_unit)" title="Arcadia (regional unit)">Arcadia</a>, Greece, the son of James and Mary (née Koines) Christopheles.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle_2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his family emigrated to the United States in 1910 and settled in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/South_of_Market,_San_Francisco" title="South of Market, San Francisco">South of Market</a> neighborhood, then known as "Greektown", when Christopher was two years old. Christopher left school at the age of fourteen when his father James became seriously ill, and he became sole support of his family. He sold newspapers and became a copy boy at the <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Examiner" title="San Francisco Examiner">San Francisco Examiner</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle_2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While working, he also attended night classes at <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_University" title="Golden Gate University">Golden Gate College</a> and earned a bachelor's degree in accounting. After becoming a citizen of the United States in 1930, Christopheles changed his last name to Christopher.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle_2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1935, he married Tula Sarantitis.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle_2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Christopher_(mayor)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After college, Christopher worked for numerous small firms keeping their accounts and eventually bought out a small dairy on Fillmore Street, which became the Christopher Dairy.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle_2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Farms" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley Farms">Berkeley Farms</a> bought the business in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="San_Francisco_City_Government">San Francisco City Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Christopher_(mayor)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: San Francisco City Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Republican" title="Rockefeller Republican">moderate Republican</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kabaservice_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kabaservice-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christopher began his political career in 1945 when he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Board_of_Supervisors" title="San Francisco Board of Supervisors">San Francisco Board of Supervisors</a>; on re-election, he became board president. Christopher ran for mayor in <a href="/wiki/1951_San_Francisco_mayoral_election" title="1951 San Francisco mayoral election">1951</a> and lost by fewer than 3,000 votes to incumbent mayor <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Robinson" title="Elmer Robinson">Elmer Robinson</a>. In November <a href="/wiki/1955_San_Francisco_mayoral_election" title="1955 San Francisco mayoral election">1955</a>, Christopher again sought the post of mayor. He won in a landslide over Democrat George Reilly.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle_2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his administration, San Francisco hosted the <a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956 Republican National Convention</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cow_Palace" title="Cow Palace">Cow Palace</a>, in which the party renominated incumbent president <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> as its candidate in the upcoming <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">presidential election</a>. Christopher was re-elected in <a href="/wiki/1959_San_Francisco_mayoral_election" title="1959 San Francisco mayoral election">1959</a> for a second term.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christopher was instrumental in bringing the New York Giants baseball team to San Francisco in 1958 (where they became the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a>) and securing the funding to build <a href="/wiki/Candlestick_Park" title="Candlestick Park">Candlestick Park</a> on the abandoned lands of Sunset Scavenger on Candlestick Point with the ballpark opening for the Giants’ 1960 season. His administration has been credited with the building of the Brooks Hall, 12 new schools, 17 firehouses, six public swimming pools, the five-story Fifth and Mission and the underground Civic Center garages.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle_2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christopher was known for his strong stand on civil rights. He gained worldwide headlines offering his home to <a href="/wiki/Willie_Mays" title="Willie Mays">Willie Mays</a> after it was reported that a Forest Hill realtor had refused to sell to Mays.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christopher also lobbied and succeeded in opening mental health and alcohol treatment centers under city funding. </p><p>Christopher presided over the redevelopment of major portions of city and private lands, labeled <a href="/wiki/Slums" class="mw-redirect" title="Slums">slums</a>, some not without controversy as the <a href="/wiki/Embarcadero_Center" title="Embarcadero Center">Embarcadero Center</a> and Golden Gateway, displacing the old wholesale produce market from the filled land southeast of <a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Hill,_San_Francisco" title="Telegraph Hill, San Francisco">Telegraph Hill</a> to the Alemany location where it remains <a href="/wiki/Japantown" title="Japantown">Japantown</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fillmore_District,_San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Fillmore District, San Francisco, California">Fillmore</a> urban renewal that displaced the African-American and the remnants of the Jewish Community for concrete high rises, the new <a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Justice_(San_Francisco)" title="Hall of Justice (San Francisco)">Hall of Justice</a> and the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Embarcadero_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Embarcadero Freeway">Embarcadero Freeway</a>, which blocked the <a href="/wiki/Embarcadero_(San_Francisco)" title="Embarcadero (San Francisco)">Embarcadero</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Ferry_Building" title="San Francisco Ferry Building">Ferry Building</a> from the city, spawning the first <a href="/wiki/Highway_revolts_in_the_United_States#San_Francisco" title="Highway revolts in the United States">Freeway Revolt</a>. In Christopher's second term, the <a href="/wiki/House_Subcommittee_on_Un-American_Activities" class="mw-redirect" title="House Subcommittee on Un-American Activities">House Subcommittee on Un-American Activities</a> held hearings in the City Hall supervisor's chambers. A large group of students and active citizens were fire-hosed down the marble steps inside City Hall rotunda by the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Police_Department" title="San Francisco Police Department">San Francisco Police Department</a> when they protested their exclusion from admission to committee hearings. Christopher later told the Federal Government they were no longer welcome in city buildings, but he sided with the committee and spoke for the propaganda newsreel-style film made by the committee about the event, titled <i>Operation Abolition</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time_1961_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time_1961-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that blamed Communists for the so-called City Hall riot of May 13, 1960. Christopher was criticized for endorsing the film while saying that "at least 90% of the students were not organized by the Communists."<sup id="cite_ref-Time_1961_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time_1961-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_elections">Other elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Christopher_(mayor)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christopher's various bids for higher office failed. In 1958, Christopher was defeated in the Republican primary for <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> by Governor <a href="/wiki/Goodwin_Knight" title="Goodwin Knight">Goodwin Knight</a>. In 1962, when <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> ran for governor, Christopher ran for <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_California" title="Lieutenant Governor of California">lieutenant governor</a>, losing to incumbent Democrat <a href="/wiki/Glenn_M._Anderson" title="Glenn M. Anderson">Glenn M. Anderson</a>. He lost the June 8, 1966, Republican primary for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a> to motion picture and television actor (and future <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> icon and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a>) <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, who won with 77 percent of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-Kabaservice_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kabaservice-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian Geoffrey Kabaservice points out that a <a href="/wiki/Drew_Pearson_(journalist)" title="Drew Pearson (journalist)">Drew Pearson</a> column that highlighted a 1940 arrest of Christopher for buying and selling underpriced milk, a story fed to Pearson by the staff of incumbent governor <a href="/wiki/Pat_Brown" title="Pat Brown">Pat Brown</a>, and Christopher's underwhelming response to that column contributed to the loss.<sup id="cite_ref-Kabaservice_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kabaservice-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Christopher_(mayor)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Chronicle_2000-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicle_2000_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNolte2000" class="citation news cs1">Nolte, Carl (September 15, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/GEORGE-CHISTOPHER-1907-2000-Big-Thinking-S-F-3239001.php">"George Christopher 1907–2000: Big-Thinking S.F. Mayor Of '50s and '60s Is Dead"</a>. <i>The San Francisco Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=George+Christopher+1907%E2%80%932000%3A+Big-Thinking+S.F.+Mayor+Of+%2750s+and+%2760s+Is+Dead&rft.date=2000-09-15&rft.aulast=Nolte&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FGEORGE-CHISTOPHER-1907-2000-Big-Thinking-S-F-3239001.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Christopher+%28mayor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolte2000" class="citation web cs1">Nolte, Carl (September 15, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/GEORGE-CHISTOPHER-1907-2000-Big-Thinking-S-F-3239001.php">"GEORGE CHISTOPHER 1907-2000 / Big-Thinking S.F. Mayor Of '50s and '60s Is Dead"</a>. <i>SFGate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SFGate&rft.atitle=GEORGE+CHISTOPHER+1907-2000+%2F+Big-Thinking+S.F.+Mayor+Of+%2750s+and+%2760s+Is+Dead&rft.date=2000-09-15&rft.aulast=Nolte&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FGEORGE-CHISTOPHER-1907-2000-Big-Thinking-S-F-3239001.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Christopher+%28mayor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kabaservice-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kabaservice_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kabaservice_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kabaservice_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKabaservice2012" class="citation book cs1">Kabaservice, Geoffrey (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GJ9baqZLVIYC&pg=PT199"><i>Rule and Ruin: The Downfall of Moderation and the Destruction of the Republican Party, from Eisenhower to the Tea Party</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 169–172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199768400" title="Special:BookSources/9780199768400"><bdi>9780199768400</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rule+and+Ruin%3A+The+Downfall+of+Moderation+and+the+Destruction+of+the+Republican+Party%2C+from+Eisenhower+to+the+Tea+Party&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=169-172&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780199768400&rft.aulast=Kabaservice&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGJ9baqZLVIYC%26pg%3DPT199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Christopher+%28mayor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd2005" class="citation book cs1">Boyd, Nan Alamilla (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M6cwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA204"><i>Wide-Open Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965</i></a>. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520244740" title="Special:BookSources/9780520244740"><bdi>9780520244740</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wide-Open+Town%3A+A+History+of+Queer+San+Francisco+to+1965&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780520244740&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Nan+Alamilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM6cwDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Christopher+%28mayor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpander2007" class="citation web cs1">Spander, Art (November 15, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2007/11/15/discrimination-s-f-style-hit-mays/">"Discrimination, S.F. style, hit Mays"</a>. <i>Oakland Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oakland+Tribune&rft.atitle=Discrimination%2C+S.F.+style%2C+hit+Mays&rft.date=2007-11-15&rft.aulast=Spander&rft.aufirst=Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastbaytimes.com%2F2007%2F11%2F15%2Fdiscrimination-s-f-style-hit-mays%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Christopher+%28mayor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Looper2010" class="citation web cs1">De Looper, John (October 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.princeton.edu/reelmudd/2010/10/operation-abolition-and-operation-correction/">"Operation Abolition and Operation Correction"</a>. <i>The Reel Mudd</i>. Princeton University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Reel+Mudd&rft.atitle=Operation+Abolition+and+Operation+Correction&rft.date=2010-10-19&rft.aulast=De+Looper&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.princeton.edu%2Freelmudd%2F2010%2F10%2Foperation-abolition-and-operation-correction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Christopher+%28mayor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time_1961-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Time_1961_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_1961_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080205061418/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,894425-1,00.html">"Operation Abolition"</a>. <i>Time</i>. Vol. 77, no. 12. March 17, 1961. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,894425-1,00.html">the original</a> on February 5, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Operation+Abolition&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=12&rft.date=1961-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C894425-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Christopher+%28mayor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Christopher_(mayor)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:George_Christopher" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:George Christopher">George Christopher</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorsey1962" class="citation book cs1">Dorsey, George (1962). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/christopherofsan0000unse"><i>Christopher of San Francisco</i></a></span>. New York: MacMillan Company. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/62013596">62013596</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christopher+of+San+Francisco&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=MacMillan+Company&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F62013596&rft.aulast=Dorsey&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristopherofsan0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Christopher+%28mayor%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGladys_Hansen2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Hansen" title="Gladys Hansen">Gladys Hansen</a> (September 14, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100727191310/http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist10/christopher.html">"George Christopher (1907–2000)"</a>. Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist10/christopher.html">the original</a> on July 27, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+Christopher+%281907%E2%80%932000%29&rft.pub=Virtual+Museum+of+the+City+of+San+Francisco&rft.date=2000-09-14&rft.au=Gladys+Hansen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfmuseum.org%2Fhist10%2Fchristopher.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Christopher+%28mayor%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/roho/ucb/text/san_francisco_republicans.pdf">Oral history interview</a> on California politics, At the <a href="/wiki/Bancroft_Library" title="Bancroft Library">Bancroft Library</a>, University of California</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/SFCityHall.png/75px-SFCityHall.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/SFCityHall.png/113px-SFCityHall.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/SFCityHall.png/150px-SFCityHall.png 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="1001" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Geary" title="John W. Geary">John W. Geary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Brenham" title="Charles James Brenham">Charles J. Brenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Randall_Harris" title="Stephen Randall Harris">Stephen R. Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Brenham" title="Charles James Brenham">Charles J. Brenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._K._Garrison" title="C. K. Garrison">C. K. Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Palfrey_Webb" title="Stephen Palfrey Webb">Stephen Palfrey Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Van_Ness" title="James Van Ness">James Van Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Whelan" title="George J. Whelan">George J. Whelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Willard_Burr" title="Ephraim Willard Burr">Ephraim Willard Burr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Teschemacher" title="Henry F. Teschemacher">Henry F. Teschemacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Perrin_Coon" title="Henry Perrin Coon">Henry P. Coon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_McCoppin" title="Frank McCoppin">Frank McCoppin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Selby" title="Thomas Henry Selby">Thomas Henry Selby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alvord" title="William Alvord">William Alvord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Otis_(mayor)" title="James Otis (mayor)">James Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hewston" title="George Hewston">George Hewston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Bryant" title="Andrew Jackson Bryant">Andrew Jackson Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Smith_Kalloch" title="Isaac Smith Kalloch">Isaac Smith Kalloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Carey_Blake" title="Maurice Carey Blake">Maurice Carey Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bartlett" title="Washington Bartlett">Washington Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Pond" title="Edward B. Pond">Edward B. Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Sanderson" title="George Henry Sanderson">George Henry Sanderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Richard_Ellert" title="Levi Richard Ellert">Levi Richard Ellert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Sutro" title="Adolph Sutro">Adolph Sutro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Phelan" title="James D. Phelan">James D. Phelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Schmitz" title="Eugene Schmitz">Eugene Schmitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boxton" title="Charles Boxton">Charles Boxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Robeson_Taylor" title="Edward Robeson Taylor">Edward Robeson Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._H._McCarthy" title="P. H. McCarthy">P. H. McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rolph" title="James Rolph">James Rolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Joseph_Rossi" title="Angelo Joseph Rossi">Angelo Joseph Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Lapham" title="Roger Lapham">Roger Lapham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Robinson" title="Elmer Robinson">Elmer Robinson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Shelley" title="John F. Shelley">John F. Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alioto" title="Joseph Alioto">Joseph Alioto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Moscone" title="George Moscone">George Moscone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">Dianne Feinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Agnos" title="Art Agnos">Art Agnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jordan" title="Frank Jordan">Frank Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Brown_(politician)" title="Willie Brown (politician)">Willie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Lee" title="Ed Lee">Ed Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Farrell_(politician)" title="Mark Farrell (politician)">Mark Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Breed" title="London Breed">London Breed</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_San_Francisco.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_San_Francisco.svg/75px-Flag_of_San_Francisco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_San_Francisco.svg/113px-Flag_of_San_Francisco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_San_Francisco.svg/150px-Flag_of_San_Francisco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5537899#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5537899#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5537899#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/60661359">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/228482/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwD44bBQ8QxmHvgPDRYfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88631337">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67r1647">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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