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id="toc-Collective_behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collective_behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Collective behavior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collective_behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collective_obsession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collective_obsession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Collective obsession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collective_obsession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%A9" title="بدعة مؤقتة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بدعة مؤقتة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1_(%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AA)" title="ফ্যাড (হাইপ) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্যাড (হাইপ)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad_(Hype)" title="Fad (Hype) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fad (Hype)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad" title="Fad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="باب روز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باب روز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raazje" title="Raazje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Raazje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%89" title="유행 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유행" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad" title="Fad – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rage_(hype)" title="Rage (hype) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rage (hype)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C" title="流行 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="流行" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad" title="Fad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaacbax" title="Shaacbax – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shaacbax" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muoti-ilmi%C3%B6" title="Muoti-ilmiö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muoti-ilmiö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modefluga" title="Modefluga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Modefluga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trend" title="Trend – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Trend" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Гонитва (колективна поведінка) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гонитва (колективна поведінка)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BB%91t_v%C3%A0_xu_h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng" title="Mốt và xu hướng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mốt và xu hướng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13427002#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fad&oldid=1258540422" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fad&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Fad&id=1258540422&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFad"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fads" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Fad" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13427002" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Collective behavior that achieves intense short-lived popularity and then fades away</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Fads" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fad_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fad (disambiguation)">Fad (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fads_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fads (disambiguation)">Fads (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Trend" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Trend_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Trend (disambiguation)">Trend (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pet_rock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pet_rock.jpg/220px-Pet_rock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pet_rock.jpg/330px-Pet_rock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pet_rock.jpg/440px-Pet_rock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pet_Rock" title="Pet Rock">Pet rocks</a> were a short-lived fad in the 1970s.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Floss_(dance).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Floss_%28dance%29.gif/220px-Floss_%28dance%29.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="398" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Floss_%28dance%29.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>A man performing the <a href="/wiki/Floss_(dance)" title="Floss (dance)">floss</a>, a dance move that became popular in 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>fad</b>, <b>trend</b>, or <b>craze</b> is any form of <a href="/wiki/Collective_behavior" title="Collective behavior">collective behavior</a> that develops within a <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Generation" title="Generation">generation</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Social_group" title="Social group">social group</a> in which a group of people enthusiastically follow an <a href="/wiki/Impulse_(psychology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Impulse (psychology)">impulse</a> for a short time period. </p><p>Fads are <a href="/wiki/Subject_and_object_(philosophy)" title="Subject and object (philosophy)">objects</a> or behaviors that achieve short-lived popularity but fade away.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fads are often seen as sudden, quick-spreading, and short-lived events.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fads include <a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">diets</a>, clothing, hairstyles, toys, and more. Some popular fads throughout history are <a href="/wiki/Toys" class="mw-redirect" title="Toys">toys</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Yo-yo" title="Yo-yo">yo-yos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hula_hoop" title="Hula hoop">hula hoops</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fad_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Fad dance">fad dances</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Macarena_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macarena (song)">Macarena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floss_(dance)" title="Floss (dance)">floss</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Twist_(dance)" title="Twist (dance)">twist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar to <a href="/wiki/Habit" title="Habit">habits</a> or <a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)" title="Convention (norm)">customs</a> but less durable, fads often result from an activity or behavior being perceived as <a href="/wiki/Popularity" title="Popularity">popular</a> or <a href="/wiki/Excited_state" title="Excited state">exciting</a> within a <a href="/wiki/Peer_group" title="Peer group">peer group</a>, or being deemed "<a href="/wiki/Peer_pressure" title="Peer pressure">cool</a>" as often promoted by <a href="/wiki/Social_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networks">social networks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kornblum_(2007),_p._213_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kornblum_(2007),_p._213-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fad is said to "catch on" when the number of people adopting it begins to increase to the point of being noteworthy or <a href="/wiki/Going_viral" class="mw-redirect" title="Going viral">going viral</a>. Fads often fade quickly when the perception of <a href="/wiki/Novelty" title="Novelty">novelty</a> is gone.<sup id="cite_ref-Kornblum_(2007),_p._213_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kornblum_(2007),_p._213-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The specific nature of the behavior associated with a fad can be of any type including unusual <a href="/wiki/Idiom" title="Idiom">language usage</a>, distinctive <a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">clothing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">fad diets</a> or frauds such as <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_scheme" title="Pyramid scheme">pyramid schemes</a>. Apart from general novelty, <a href="/wiki/Mass_marketing" title="Mass marketing">mass marketing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emotional_blackmail" title="Emotional blackmail">emotional blackmail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peer_pressure" title="Peer pressure">peer pressure</a>, or the desire to <a href="/wiki/Conformity" title="Conformity">conformity</a> may drive fads.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">Popular celebrities</a> can also drive fads, for example the highly popularizing effect of <a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Book_Club" title="Oprah's Book Club">Oprah's Book Club</a>. </p><p>Though some consider the term <i>trend</i> equivalent to <i>fad</i>, a fad is generally considered a quick and short behavior whereas a trend is one that evolves into a long term or even permanent change.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economics">Economics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, the term is used in a similar way. Fads are <a href="/wiki/Mean_reversion_(finance)" title="Mean reversion (finance)">mean-reverting</a> deviations from <a href="/wiki/Intrinsic_value_(ethics)" title="Intrinsic value (ethics)">intrinsic value</a> caused by social or psychological forces similar to those that cause <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political philosophies</a> or <a href="/wiki/Consumerisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumerisation">consumerisation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many contemporary fads share similar patterns of social organization.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several different models serve to examine fads and how they spread. </p><p>One way of looking at the spread of fads is through the top-down model, which argues that fashion is created for the elite, and from the elite, fashion spreads to lower classes.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early adopters might not necessarily be those of a high status, but they have sufficient resources that allow them to experiment with new innovations.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When looking at the top-down model, <a href="/wiki/Sociologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociologists">sociologists</a> like to highlight the role of selection. The elite might be the ones that introduce certain fads, but other people must choose to adopt those fads.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Others may argue that not all fads begin with their adopters.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Social life already provides people with ideas that can help create a basis for new and innovative fads.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Companies can look at what people are already interested in and create something from that information. The ideas behind fads are not always original; they might stem from what is already popular at the time. Recreation and style faddists may try out variations of a basic pattern or idea already in existence.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another way of looking at the spread of fads is through a symbolic interaction view. People learn their behaviors from the people around them.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When it comes to collective behavior, the emergence of these shared rules, meanings, and emotions are more dependent on the cues of the situation, rather than physiological arousal.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This connection to symbolic interactionism, a theory that explains people's actions as being directed by shared meanings and assumptions, explains that fads are spread because people attach meaning and emotion to objects, and not because the object has practical use, for instance.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People might adopt a fad because of the meanings and assumptions they share with the other people who have adopted that fad. People may join other adopters of the fad because they enjoy being a part of a group and what that symbolizes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some people may join because they want to feel like an insider.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When multiple people adopt the same fad, they may feel like they have made the right choice because other people have made that same choice.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Termination">Termination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Termination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Primarily, fads end because all innovative possibilities have been exhausted.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fads begin to fade when people no longer see them as new and unique. As more people follow the fad, some might start to see it as "overcrowded", and it no longer holds the same appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many times, those who first adopt the fad also abandon it first.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They begin to recognize that their preoccupation with the fad leads them to neglect some of their routine activities, and they realize the negative aspects of their behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the faddists are no longer producing new variations of the fad, people begin to realize their neglect of other activities, and the dangers of the fad. Not everyone completely abandons the fad, however, and parts may remain.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study examined why certain fads die out quicker than others. A marketing professor at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business, <a href="/wiki/Jonah_Berger" title="Jonah Berger">Jonah Berger</a> and his colleague, Gael Le Mens, studied baby names in the United States and France to help explore the termination of fads.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to their results, the faster the names became popular, the faster they lost their popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also found that the least successful names overall were those that caught on most quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collective_behavior">Collective behavior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Collective behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fads can fit under the broad umbrella of <a href="/wiki/Collective_behavior" title="Collective behavior">collective behavior</a>, which are behaviors engaged in by a large but loosely connected group of people.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other than fads, collective behavior includes the activities of people in <a href="/wiki/Crowd" title="Crowd">crowds</a>, panics, <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashions</a>, crazes, and more.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Park" title="Robert E. Park">Robert E. Park</a>, the man who created the term collective behavior, defined it as "the behavior of individuals under the influence of an impulse that is common and collective, an impulse, in other words, that is the result of social interaction".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fads are seen as impulsive, driven by emotions; however, they can bring together groups of people who may not have much in common other than their investment in the fad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collective_obsession">Collective obsession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Collective obsession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fads can also fit under the umbrella of "collective obsessions". Collective obsessions have three main features in common.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first, and most obvious sign, is an increase in frequency and intensity of a specific belief or behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fad's popularity increases quickly in frequency and intensity, whereas a trend grows more slowly. The second is that the behavior is seen as ridiculous, irrational, or evil to the people who are not a part of the obsession.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some people might see those who follow certain fads as unreasonable and irrational. To these people, the fad is ridiculous, and people's obsession of it is just as ridiculous. The third is, after it has reached a peak, it drops off abruptly and then it is followed by a counter obsession.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A counter obsession means that once the fad is over, if one engages in the fad they will be ridiculed.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fad's popularity often decreases at a rapid rate once its novelty wears off. Some people might start to criticize the fad after pointing out that it is no longer popular, so it must not have been "worth the hype".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="Who says this? (October 2018)">weasel words</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwagon_effect" title="Bandwagon effect">Bandwagon effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fads" title="Category:Fads">Category:Fads</a> (notable fads through history)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolhunting" title="Coolhunting">Coolhunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowd_psychology" title="Crowd psychology">Crowd psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Trends" title="Google Trends">Google Trends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hype_(marketing)" title="Hype (marketing)">Hype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena" title="List of Internet phenomena">List of Internet phenomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_analysis" title="Market analysis">Market trend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memetics" title="Memetics">Memetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_pressure" title="Peer pressure">Peer pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retro_style" title="Retro style">Retro style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contagion" title="Social contagion">Social contagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_mania" title="Social mania">Social mania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_phenomenon" title="Viral phenomenon">Viral phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_minutes_of_fame" title="15 minutes of fame">15 minutes of fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellwether_(novel)" title="Bellwether (novel)"><i>Bellwether</i> (1996 novel)</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBest2006" class="citation book cs1">Best, Joel (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/flavorofmonthwhy00best"><i>Flavor of the Month: Why Smart People Fall for Fads</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520246263" title="Special:BookSources/9780520246263"><bdi>9780520246263</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flavor+of+the+Month%3A+Why+Smart+People+Fall+for+Fads&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780520246263&rft.aulast=Best&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fflavorofmonthwhy00best&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAguirreMendozaQuarantelli1988" class="citation journal cs1">Aguirre, B.E. Jorge L.; Mendoza, Jorge L.; Quarantelli, E.L. (1988). "The collective behavior of fads: The characteristics, effects, and career of streaking". <i>American Sociological Review</i>. <b>53</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">569–</span>584. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2095850">10.2307/2095850</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2095850">2095850</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=The+collective+behavior+of+fads%3A+The+characteristics%2C+effects%2C+and+career+of+streaking&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E569-%3C%2Fspan%3E584&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2095850&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2095850%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Aguirre&rft.aufirst=B.E.+Jorge+L.&rft.au=Mendoza%2C+Jorge+L.&rft.au=Quarantelli%2C+E.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGriffith2013" class="citation journal cs1">Griffith, Benjamin (2013). "College Fads". <i>St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+James+Encyclopedia+of+Popular+Culture&rft.atitle=College+Fads&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kornblum_(2007),_p._213-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kornblum_(2007),_p._213_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kornblum_(2007),_p._213_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kornblum (2007), p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Domanski (2004), pp. 147–159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arena (2001), p. 341.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Camerer (1989).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSuzukiBest2003" class="citation journal cs1">Suzuki, Tadashi; Best, Joel (2003). "The Emergence of Trendsetters for Fashions and Fads". <i>Sociological Quarterly</i>. <b>44</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">61–</span>79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1533-8525.2003.tb02391.x">10.1111/j.1533-8525.2003.tb02391.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145052921">145052921</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociological+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Emergence+of+Trendsetters+for+Fashions+and+Fads&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1533-8525.2003.tb02391.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145052921%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Suzuki&rft.aufirst=Tadashi&rft.au=Best%2C+Joel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKillianSmelserTurner" class="citation web cs1">Killian, Lewis M.; Smelser, Neil J.; Turner, Ralph H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/collective-behaviour">"Collective behavior"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Collective+behavior&rft.aulast=Killian&rft.aufirst=Lewis+M.&rft.au=Smelser%2C+Neil+J.&rft.au=Turner%2C+Ralph+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fcollective-behaviour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConley2015" class="citation book cs1">Conley, Dalton (2015). <i>You may ask yourself: An introduction to thinking like a sociologist</i>. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-93773-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-93773-2"><bdi>978-0-393-93773-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=You+may+ask+yourself%3A+An+introduction+to+thinking+like+a+sociologist&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Co.&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-393-93773-2&rft.aulast=Conley&rft.aufirst=Dalton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeussner" class="citation web cs1">Heussner, Ki Mae. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Business/story?id=7554508">"7 Fads You Won't Forget"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=7+Fads+You+Won%27t+Forget&rft.aulast=Heussner&rft.aufirst=Ki+Mae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FTechnology%2FBusiness%2Fstory%3Fid%3D7554508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArena,_Barbara2001" class="citation book cs1">Arena, Barbara (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu0000aren"><i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to Making Money with Your Hobby</i></a></span>. Alpha. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-863825-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-863825-6"><bdi>978-0-02-863825-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Idiot%27s+Guide+to+Making+Money+with+Your+Hobby&rft.pub=Alpha&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-02-863825-6&rft.au=Arena%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompleteidiotsgu0000aren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAguirreMendozaQuarantelli1988" class="citation journal cs1">Aguirre, B.E. Jorge L.; Mendoza, Jorge L.; Quarantelli, E.L. (1988). "The collective behavior of fads: The characteristics, effects, and career of streaking". <i>American Sociological Review</i>. <b>53</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">569–</span>584. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2095850">10.2307/2095850</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2095850">2095850</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=The+collective+behavior+of+fads%3A+The+characteristics%2C+effects%2C+and+career+of+streaking&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E569-%3C%2Fspan%3E584&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2095850&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2095850%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Aguirre&rft.aufirst=B.E.+Jorge+L.&rft.au=Mendoza%2C+Jorge+L.&rft.au=Quarantelli%2C+E.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Best, Joel (2006). <i>Flavor of the Month: Why Smart People Fall for Fads.</i> University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520246263" title="Special:BookSources/9780520246263">9780520246263</a>.</li> <li>Burke, Sarah. "5 Marketing Strategies, 1 Question: Fad or Trend?". <i>Spokal.</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCamerer,_Colin1989" class="citation journal cs1">Camerer, Colin (1989). "Bubbles and Fads in Asset Prices". <i>Journal of Economic Surveys</i>. <b>3</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">3–</span>41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-6419.1989.tb00056.x">10.1111/j.1467-6419.1989.tb00056.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Surveys&rft.atitle=Bubbles+and+Fads+in+Asset+Prices&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-6419.1989.tb00056.x&rft.au=Camerer%2C+Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Conley, Dalton (2015). <i>You may ask yourself: An introduction to thinking like a sociologist.</i> New York: W.W. Norton & Co. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-93773-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-93773-2">978-0-393-93773-2</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDomanski,_Andrzej2004" class="citation journal cs1">Domanski, Andrzej (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718090458/http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?05PLAAAA00421032">"Collective fascinations (fads) and the idea of ephemeral culture"</a>. <i>Kultura I Spoleczenstwo (Culture and Society)</i>. <b>48</b> (4). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?05PLAAAA00421032">the original</a> on 2011-07-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kultura+I+Spoleczenstwo+%28Culture+and+Society%29&rft.atitle=Collective+fascinations+%28fads%29+and+the+idea+of+ephemeral+culture&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Domanski%2C+Andrzej&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcejsh.icm.edu.pl%2Fcejsh%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgetdoc.cgi%3F05PLAAAA00421032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccrit.ro/Pdf/LiteratureMonitor/Monitor2MaciejSekerdej/MaszaRomanczykSemII.doc">review/summary</a>)</li> <li>Griffith, Benjamin (2013). "College Fads<i>". St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture</i> – via Gale Virtual Reference Library.</li> <li>Heussner, Ki Mae. "7 Fads You Won't Forget". <i>ABC News.</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIssitt,_Micah_L.2009" class="citation book cs1">Issitt, Micah L. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rVfRL_TpKb8C"><i>Hippies: A Guide to an American Subculture</i></a>. Greenwood. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36572-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36572-0"><bdi>978-0-313-36572-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hippies%3A+A+Guide+to+an+American+Subculture&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-313-36572-0&rft.au=Issitt%2C+Micah+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrVfRL_TpKb8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Killian, Lewis M.; Smelser, Neil J.; Turner, Ralph H. "Collective behavior". <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKornblum,_William2007" class="citation book cs1">Kornblum, William (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gjvC6gboyrkC"><i>Sociology in a Changing World</i></a> (8th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-495-09635-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-495-09635-1"><bdi>978-0-495-09635-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociology+in+a+Changing+World&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Wadsworth+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-495-09635-1&rft.au=Kornblum%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgjvC6gboyrkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSparks,_JaredEverett,_EdwardLowell,_James_RussellLodge,_Henry_Cabot1899" class="citation book cs1">Sparks, Jared; Everett, Edward; Lowell, James Russell; Lodge, Henry Cabot (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QVkCAAAAIAAJ"><i>The North American review</i></a>. Vol. 168. New York: North American Review Publishing Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+North+American+review&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=North+American+Review+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1899&rft.au=Sparks%2C+Jared&rft.au=Everett%2C+Edward&rft.au=Lowell%2C+James+Russell&rft.au=Lodge%2C+Henry+Cabot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQVkCAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSuzukiBest2003" class="citation journal cs1">Suzuki, Tadashi; Best, Joel (2003). "The Emergence of Trendsetters for Fashions and Fads". <i>Sociological Quarterly</i>. <b>44</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">61–</span>79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1533-8525.2003.tb02391.x">10.1111/j.1533-8525.2003.tb02391.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145052921">145052921</a>.</cite><span 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