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'salesChannelGuides'; const guidesDataLayerName = 'guidesDataLayer'; let getTld = function (dl = {}) { let host = (window.location.host); if (dl.hasOwnProperty('prop7') && dl.prop7) { host = dl.prop7; } let hostArray = host.split('.'); let tld = hostArray[hostArray.length - 1]; if (host.indexOf('.co.uk') !== -1) { tld = hostArray[hostArray.length - 2] + '.' + hostArray[hostArray.length - 1]; } return (tld !== 'site' && tld !== 'lan') ? tld : 'de'; } let getCookieDomain = function (dl = {}) { let host = (window.location.host); if (dl.hasOwnProperty('prop7') && dl.prop7) { host = dl.prop7; } var hostArray = host.split('.'); if (hostArray[hostArray.length - 1] === 'uk') { return '.' + hostArray[hostArray.length - 3] + '.' + hostArray[hostArray.length - 2] + '.' + hostArray[hostArray.length - 1] } return '.' + hostArray[hostArray.length - 2] + '.' + hostArray[hostArray.length - 1]; } let setCookie = function (cname, cvalue, tInSecs, dl = {}) { const d = new Date(); d.setTime(d.getTime() + (tInSecs * 1000)); let expires = 'expires='+ d.toUTCString(); document.cookie = cname + '=' + cvalue + ';' + expires + ';path=/' + ';domain=' + getCookieDomain(dl); } let getParams = function () { var preparedUrlSearchParams = decodeURI(location.search.replace(/\?/g, "").replace(/&/g, "\",\"").replace(/=/g,"\":\"")); return JSON.parse(preparedUrlSearchParams ? '{"' + preparedUrlSearchParams + '"}' : '{}'); } let listCookies = function () { var theCookies = document.cookie.split(';'); var returnCookies = []; var cookieKeyValuePair = {}; var cookieString = ''; for (var i = 0; i <= theCookies.length; i++) { if (typeof theCookies[i] !== 'undefined') { cookieString = theCookies[i].trim(); cookieKeyValuePair = cookieString.match(/([^=]+?)[=\s](.*)/i); if (cookieKeyValuePair !== null && cookieKeyValuePair.length === 3) { returnCookies.push({ 'name': cookieKeyValuePair['1'], 'value': cookieKeyValuePair['2'] }); } } } return returnCookies; } let getSalesChannelController = function(salesChannelControllerIdentifier, url) { if (sessionStorage.getItem(salesChannelControllerIdentifier)) { return data = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(salesChannelControllerIdentifier)); } else { let salesChannelControllerApplicationArray = (typeof window.guidesDataLayer.application !== 'undefined') ? window.guidesDataLayer.application.split('.') : []; let salesChannelControllerOrigin = salesChannelControllerApplicationArray !== null && salesChannelControllerApplicationArray.length >= 3 ? salesChannelControllerApplicationArray[2] : 'DE'; let salesChannelControllerPath = salesChannelControllerApplicationArray !== null && salesChannelControllerApplicationArray.length >= 2 && salesChannelControllerApplicationArray[1] === 'SG' ? '/startupguide/' : '/digitalguide/'; let salesChannelControllerReferrer = document.referrer || ''; let salesChannelController = {}; salesChannelController.origin = salesChannelControllerOrigin === 'AT' ? 'DE' : salesChannelControllerOrigin; salesChannelController.path = salesChannelControllerPath; salesChannelController.cookies = {}; salesChannelController.requestParameter = {}; salesChannelController.referer = salesChannelControllerReferrer; salesChannelController.requestParameter = getParams(); salesChannelController.cookies = listCookies(); console.info('fetch SCC'); return fetch(url, { cache: 'no-store', method: 'POST', mode: 'cors', headers: { 'Accept': 'application/json', 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: JSON.stringify(salesChannelController) }) .then((response) => { console.info('fetch SCC done'); return response.json(); }) .then((data) => { setSalesChannelController(salesChannelControllerIdentifier, data); return data; }) .catch((error) => { console.info('missing data from salesChannelController'); throw error; }); } } let setSalesChannelController = function(salesChannelControllerIdentifier, data) { sessionStorage.setItem(salesChannelControllerIdentifier, JSON.stringify(data)); } let processSalesChannelController = function(config) { let sCCId = config.salesChannelControllerIdentifier || salesChannelControllerIdentifier; try { if (sCCId && config.url) { setSalesChannelController(sCCId, getSalesChannelController(sCCId, config.url)); } } catch (e) { console.error(e, 'we have a problem with the sales channel controller ' + sCCId) } let salesChannelControllerDataString = sessionStorage.getItem(sCCId) || ''; if (salesChannelControllerDataString) { let salesChannelControllerData = JSON.parse(salesChannelControllerDataString); // @Todo: After successful testing, remove comment from following line // processActionsAndUpdateDl(salesChannelControllerData, guidesDataLayerName); } } function processActionsAndUpdateDl (data, dlName) { if (typeof data.actions !== 'undefined' && data.actions.length >= 1 && window[dlName] !== 'undefined') { for (var i = 0; i <= data.actions.length; i++) { if (typeof data.actions[i] !== 'undefined' && data.actions[i].hasOwnProperty('action') && data.actions[i].hasOwnProperty('actionAttributes')) { if (data.actions[i].action === 'ADD_COOKIE') { if (data.actions[i].actionAttributes['cookie.name'] && data.actions[i].actionAttributes['cookie.value'] && data.actions[i].actionAttributes['cookie.lifetime']) { setCookie( data.actions[i].actionAttributes['cookie.name'], data.actions[i].actionAttributes['cookie.value'], data.actions[i].actionAttributes['cookie.lifetime'], data ); } } if (data.actions[i].action === 'ADD_ACTIONCODE') { if (data.actions[i].actionAttributes['actioncode.code']) { window[dlName].eVar23 = window[dlName].eVar23 || data.actions[i].actionAttributes['actioncode.code']; window[dlName].eVar74 = window[dlName].eVar23; } } if (data.actions[i].action === 'ADD_MEDIUMCODE') { if (data.actions[i].actionAttributes['mediumcode.code']) { window[dlName].eVar22 = data.actions[i].actionAttributes['mediumcode.code'] || window[dlName].eVar22; window[dlName].eVar24 = window[dlName].eVar24 || data.actions[i].actionAttributes['mediumcode.code']; } } if (data.actions[i].action === 'ADD_TRACKINGCODE_COMP') { var itcChannel = ''; var itcProduct = ''; var itcCampaign = ''; if (data.actions[i].actionAttributes.channelcode) { window[dlName].eVar97 = window[dlName].eVar97 || data.actions[i].actionAttributes.channelcode; itcChannel = window[dlName].eVar97; } if (data.actions[i].actionAttributes.productcode) { window[dlName].eVar98 = window[dlName].eVar98 || data.actions[i].actionAttributes.productcode; itcProduct = window[dlName].eVar98; } if (data.actions[i].actionAttributes.campaigncode) { window[dlName].eVar99 = window[dlName].eVar99 || data.actions[i].actionAttributes.campaigncode; itcCampaign = window[dlName].eVar99; } } } } } } window.processSalesChannelController = processSalesChannelController; window.promisedConsentScriptsBefore.push({ scriptOrFunction: 'processSalesChannelController', data: { salesChannelControllerIdentifier: 'salesChannelGuidesPreview', url: 'https://www.ionos.de/shop-api/api/v1/saleschannel' } }); let jentisFn = function () { const jentisConfig = new Map([ ['de', {endpoint: 'https://6zqtim.ionos.de', project: 'ionos_de', jsFile: 'aljmf5.js'}], ['uk', {endpoint: 'https://xxwre7.ionos.co.uk', project: 'ionos_co_uk', jsFile: 'akbbdz.js'}], ['us', {endpoint: 'https://54ft7i.ionos.com', project: 'ionos_com', jsFile: '48gpcp.js'}], ['ca', {endpoint: 'https://nsupig.ionos.ca', project: 'ionos_ca', jsFile: 'j05pa0.js'}], ['fr', {endpoint: 'https://948si5.ionos.fr', project: 'ionos_fr', jsFile: 'b44g5k.js'}], ['es', {endpoint: 'https://v0v7kq.ionos.es', project: 'ionos_es', jsFile: 'bp6upp.js'}], ['it', {endpoint: 'https://kt8986.ionos.it', project: 'ionos_it', jsFile: 'td7zu1.js'}], ['mx', {endpoint: 'https://e5xnsj.ionos.mx', project: 'ionos_mx', jsFile: 'tvjenp.js'}], ['at', {endpoint: 'https://6kudki.ionos.at', project: 'ionos_at', jsFile: '9t1jfx.js'}], ]); let country = window.guidesDataLayer.market.toLowerCase(); const jentisRuntimeConfig = jentisConfig.has(country) ? jentisConfig.get(country) : null; if (jentisRuntimeConfig === null) { throw new Error('Jentis runtime configuration not available!'); } (function (sCDN, sCDNProject, sCDNWorkspace, sCDNVers) { if ( window.localStorage !== null && typeof window.localStorage === "object" && typeof window.localStorage.getItem === "function" && window.sessionStorage !== null && typeof window.sessionStorage === "object" && typeof window.sessionStorage.getItem === "function" ) { sCDNVers = window.sessionStorage.getItem("jts_preview_version") || window.localStorage.getItem("jts_preview_version") || sCDNVers; } window.jentis = window.jentis || {}; window.jentis.config = window.jentis.config || {}; window.jentis.config.frontend = window.jentis.config.frontend || {}; window.jentis.config.frontend.cdnhost = sCDN + "/get/" + sCDNWorkspace + "/web/" + sCDNVers + "/"; window.jentis.config.frontend.vers = sCDNVers; window.jentis.config.frontend.env = sCDNWorkspace; window.jentis.config.frontend.project = sCDNProject; window._jts = window._jts || []; var f = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; var j = document.createElement("script"); j.async = true; j.src = window.jentis.config.frontend.cdnhost + jentisRuntimeConfig.jsFile; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(jentisRuntimeConfig.endpoint, jentisRuntimeConfig.project, "live", "_"); window?.ionos?.datalayer?.initConsent(); } const jentisPageView = function () { const dataLayerNs = window.ionos.datalayer.pageview; dataLayerNs.applicationName = window.guidesDataLayer.shopname; dataLayerNs.subShopname = null; dataLayerNs.page = window.guidesDataLayer.prop1; dataLayerNs.productArea = window.guidesDataLayer.eVar1; dataLayerNs.section = window.guidesDataLayer.eVar6; dataLayerNs.hashedIp = null; dataLayerNs.loginStatus = null; dataLayerNs.hashedCustomerId = null; window.dataLayerNs = dataLayerNs; sendData = () => { window?.ionos?.datalayer?.initConsent(); window?.ionos?.datalayer?.pageview?.sendData(); }; window.privacyConsent.invoke( sendData, window.PrivacyConsentEnum.STATISTICS, window.privacyConsent, true, ); window.privacyConsent.initialize(); window?.ionos?.datalayer?.initConsent(); } window.jentisFn = jentisFn; window.jentisPageView = jentisPageView; window.promisedConsentScriptsBefore.push({scriptOrFunction: 'jentisFn'}); window.promisedConsentScriptsAfter.push({scriptOrFunction: 'https://var.uicdn.net/shopsshort/ionos-datalayer/datalayer.min.js'}); window.promisedConsentScriptsAfter.push({scriptOrFunction: 'jentisPageView'}); let genesysPredictiveEngangement = function () { let genesysPredictiveEngangementFn = function() { (function (a, t, c, l, o, u, d) { a['_genesysJourneySdk'] = o; a[o] = a[o] || function () { (a[o].q = a[o].q || []).push(arguments) }, a[o].l = 1 * new Date(); u = t.createElement(c), d = t.getElementsByTagName(c)[0]; u.async = 1; u.src = l; u.charset = 'utf-8'; d.parentNode.insertBefore(u, d) })(window, document, 'script', 'https://apps.mypurecloud.de/journey/sdk/js/web/v1/ac.js', 'ac'); ac('init', '64d8dda3-78c2-40a3-9e33-40c30650eb34', {region: 'euc1'}); ac('pageview') }; (function () { window.privacyConsent.invoke( genesysPredictiveEngangementFn, PrivacyConsentEnum.MARKETING, window.privacyConsent, true ); })(); window.privacyConsent.initialize(); } window.genesysPredictiveEngangement = genesysPredictiveEngangement; window.promisedConsentScriptsAfter.push({scriptOrFunction: 'genesysPredictiveEngangement'}); let hubspot = function () { let hubspotFn = function () { var n = document.createElement("script"); n.setAttribute("id", 'hs-script-loader'); n.async = true; n.defer = true; n.setAttribute("src", 'https://js-eu1.hs-scripts.com/8230984.js'); window.document.head.appendChild(n); }; window.privacyConsent.invoke( hubspotFn, PrivacyConsentEnum.STATISTICS, window.privacyConsent, true ); window.privacyConsent.initialize(); } window.hubspot = hubspot; window.promisedConsentScriptsAfter.push({scriptOrFunction: 'hubspot'}); function consentRelatedScriptsInsertAfter(newNode, existingNode) { existingNode.parentNode.insertBefore(newNode, existingNode.nextSibling); } let consentRelatedScripts = function() { var consentRelatedScriptsFn = document.querySelectorAll('script[type="text/plain"][data-consent]'); console.info(consentRelatedScriptsFn); var consentedFunctions = []; consentRelatedScriptsFn.forEach(function (item) { var consentCategoryFromDataSet = item.dataset.consent || ''; if (consentCategoryFromDataSet !== '') { var consentCategory = consentCategoryFromDataSet.toUpperCase(); if (!(consentCategory in consentedFunctions)) { consentedFunctions[consentCategory] = []; } consentedFunctions[consentCategory].push(item); } }) var activateConsentRelatedScripts = []; for (var consentCategory in consentedFunctions) { activateConsentRelatedScripts[consentCategory] = function() { consentedFunctions[consentCategory].forEach(function(item) { var newScriptContent = item.text; const newScript = document.createElement("script"); newScript.text = newScriptContent; newScript.type = "text/javascript"; newScript.dataset.consentGiven = true; consentRelatedScriptsInsertAfter(newScript, item); }); }; window.privacyConsent.invoke( activateConsentRelatedScripts[consentCategory], PrivacyConsentEnum[consentCategory], window.privacyConsent, false ); window.privacyConsent.initialize(); } } window.consentRelatedScripts = consentRelatedScripts; window.consentRelatedScriptsInsertAfter = consentRelatedScriptsInsertAfter; window.promisedConsentScriptsAfter.push({scriptOrFunction: 'consentRelatedScripts'}); window.promisedConsentScriptsBefore = window.promisedConsentScriptsBefore || []; window.promisedConsentScriptsAfter = window.promisedConsentScriptsAfter || []; loadPromisedConsentScripts({ consentUrl: 'https://www.ionos.de/modules/hosting-common/script/privacy/bundle.js', consentType: '', before: window.promisedConsentScriptsBefore, after: window.promisedConsentScriptsAfter }); </script> <script> "use strict"; if (typeof ready !== 'function') { var ready=function(e){"loading"!==document.readyState?e():document.addEventListener?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e):document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===document.readyState&&e()})}; } /** Polyfill for NodeList.forEach */ if ('NodeList' in window && !NodeList.prototype.forEach) {NodeList.prototype.forEach = function (callback, thisArg) {thisArg = thisArg || window;for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) callback.call(thisArg, this[i], i, this);};} /** Polyfill for HTMLCollection.forEach */ if ('HTMLCollection' in window && !HTMLCollection.prototype.forEach) {HTMLCollection.prototype.forEach = function (callback, thisArg) {thisArg = thisArg || window;for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) callback.call(thisArg, this[i], i, this);};} /** Array.prototype.includes() polyfill @author Chris Ferdinandi @license MIT */ if (!Array.prototype.includes) {Array.prototype.includes = function (search, start) {'use strict';if (search instanceof RegExp) throw TypeError('first argument must not be a RegExp');if (start === undefined) start = 0;return this.indexOf(search, start) !== -1;};} /** Polyfill for Element.matches */ if (Element && !Element.prototype.matches) {Element.prototype.matches = Element.prototype.matchesSelector || Element.prototype.mozMatchesSelector || Element.prototype.msMatchesSelector || Element.prototype.oMatchesSelector || Element.prototype.webkitMatchesSelector;} </script> <link class="finalUrl" rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48 64x64 72x72 96x96" type="image/x-icon"><link class="finalUrl" rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"><link class="finalUrl" rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-24x24.png" sizes="24x24"><link class="finalUrl" rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"><link class="finalUrl" rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-48x48.png" sizes="48x48"><link class="finalUrl" rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-64x64.png" sizes="64x64"><link class="finalUrl" rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-72x72.png" sizes="72x72"><link class="finalUrl" rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"><link class="finalUrl" rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-256x256.png" sizes="256x256"><link class="finalUrl" rel="icon" href="/favicon.svg" sizes="any" type="image/svg+xml"><link class="finalUrl" rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" href="/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="IONOS Digital Guide"><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#0b2a63"><meta name="theme-color" content="#001b41"><link class="finalUrl" rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest"><link rel="preload" class="preload" href="https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/_assets/b76f27cb02ebc538ac6fbabcf1a88e7f/Images/icons-sprite.svg" as="image"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://www.ionos.at/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-DE" href="https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-CA" href="https://www.ionos.ca/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://www.ionos.co.uk/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-US" href="https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://www.ionos.com/es-us/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es-AR" href="https://www.ionos.com/es-us/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es-ES" href="https://www.ionos.es/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es-MX" href="https://www.ionos.mx/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.ionos.fr/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://www.ionos.it/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://www.ionos.com/pt-br/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/tags/javascript/"/> </head> <body class="position-relative page-33" id="page-33"> <nav id="navigation-main" class="navbar brand-header-bg brand-header-color position-fixed fixed-top contain-style" data-bs-theme="dark"><span class="scroll-indicator d-block fixed-top w-100"><span class="d-block brand-scroll-indicator-bg"></span></span><div class="container-fluid container-sm"><a data-linkid="guides.header.logo" class="navbar-brand mx-0 d-flex align-items-center link-internal" href="https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/" target="_top" title="Digital Guide" data-guides-target-uid="1"><svg class="d-inline-block m-0 brand-logo brand-header-color"><use xlink:href="https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/_assets/b76f27cb02ebc538ac6fbabcf1a88e7f/Images/icons-sprite.svg#ionos-logo" /></svg><span class="brand-entity d-inline-block m-0 ms-3 brand-header-color lh-1">Digital Guide</span></a><form id="search-bar" class="search-form input-group input-group-sm w-auto mx-5 d-none d-lg-flex flex-fill" role="search" action="https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/suche/" method="POST" autocomplete="off"><span class="input-group-text rounded-start-5 border-0 px-0 brand-header-search-bg"><button class="btn btn-sm brand-header-search-bg brand-header-muted-color" type="submit" id="navbar-search" data-linkid="guides.navigation.module.search.btn"><svg width="16" height="16"><use xlink:href="https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/_assets/b76f27cb02ebc538ac6fbabcf1a88e7f/Images/icons-sprite.svg#icon-search"></use></svg><span class="visually-hidden">Ihr Suchbegriff</span></button></span><input class="form-control rounded-end-5 border-0 ps-1 brand-header-search-bg brand-header-muted-color" type="text" name="search" onkeyup="javascript:localStorage.setItem('searchTerm', cleanupSearchString(this.value))" placeholder="Ihr Suchbegriff" autocomplete="off" aria-label="Ihr Suchbegriff" aria-describedby="navbar-search" spellcheck="false" ></form><button class="btn btn-sm btn-cta px-3 ms-auto me-5 d-none d-sm-block" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#navbar-products" aria-controls="navbar-products" aria-labelledby="navbar-products"> IONOS Produkte </button><div class="offcanvas offcanvas-top brand-header-bg brand-header-color" data-bs-hideresize="true" tabindex="-1" id="navbar-products" aria-labelledby="navbar-products"><div class="offcanvas-header"><span class="offcanvas-title h5 brand-header-color" id="offcanvas-label-navigation-products">IONOS Produkte</span><button type="button" class="btn-close brand-header-color navbar-toggler" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button></div><div class="offcanvas-body pt-0 position-relative align-items-center"><ul class="nav"><li class="nav-item col-12 col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xxl-2 px-1 my-2"><span class="nav-link disabled brand-header-muted-color">Domain & SSL</span><ul class="nav flex-column mt-2 pt-2 border-top brand-header-border-color"><li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.ionos.de/domains/domain-registrieren" target="_top" data-linkid="guides.navigation.products.domain-ssl.domain-kaufen" class="nav-link link-internal">Domain kaufen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="https://www.ionos.de/domains/domain-check" target="_top" data-linkid="guides.navigation.products.domain-ssl.domain-check" class="nav-link link-internal">Domain Check</a></li><li 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class="col-12"><h1> JavaScript </h1></div><div class="col col-12 col-md-6"><article class="card brand-card-bg rounded-4 overflow-hidden contain-style h-100 w-100" id="article-36324"><img src="https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/fileadmin/_processed_/5/4/csm_datenmanagement-t_94b448559e.webp" width="1200" height="630" srcset="https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/fileadmin/_processed_/5/4/csm_datenmanagement-t_72f374a643.webp 513w,https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/fileadmin/_processed_/5/4/csm_datenmanagement-t_bf9d57687e.webp 483w,https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/fileadmin/_processed_/5/4/csm_datenmanagement-t_fb8fbd3607.webp 416w,https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/fileadmin/_processed_/5/4/csm_datenmanagement-t_685a14dba7.webp 348w,https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/fileadmin/_processed_/5/4/csm_datenmanagement-t_db33a0d26b.webp 524w,https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/fileadmin/_processed_/5/4/csm_datenmanagement-t_222abb9d4b.webp 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Dies gelingt vor allem, weil die Methode Promises nutzt und dadurch auch auf Promise-Methoden zurückgreifen kann. 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Sie lässt sich auch gut mit anderen Array-Methoden wie .filter, .reduce oder .forEach kombinieren, um komplexe Datenmanipulationen durchzuführen. 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Dabei hilft TypeScript insbesondere bei der Vermeidung von häufigen JavaScript-Problemen wie Typkonvertierungsfehler. 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