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width:18%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#2d4299; color:#ee971e"><big><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:#ee971e;">Wisconsin Supreme Court</span></a></b><big> </big></big></th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/State_Supreme_Courts" title="State Supreme Courts"><img alt="State-Supreme-Courts-Ballotpedia-template.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/a/a7/State-Supreme-Courts-Ballotpedia-template.png/125px-State-Supreme-Courts-Ballotpedia-template.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/a/a7/State-Supreme-Courts-Ballotpedia-template.png/188px-State-Supreme-Courts-Ballotpedia-template.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/a/a7/State-Supreme-Courts-Ballotpedia-template.png/250px-State-Supreme-Courts-Ballotpedia-template.png 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="341" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#2d4299; color:#ee971e">Court Information </th></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>Justices:</b> 7</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>Founded:</b> 1848</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>Location:</b> <a href="/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#2d4299; color:#ee971e">Salary </th></tr> <tr> <td><small>Associates: $196,102<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#2d4299; color:#ee971e">Judicial Selection </th></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>Method:</b> *<a href="/Nonpartisan_election_of_judges" title="Nonpartisan election of judges">Nonpartisan election</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>Term:</b> 10 years</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#2d4299; color:#ee971e">Active justices </th></tr> <tr> <td><a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ann_Walsh_Bradley">Ann Walsh Bradley</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Rebecca_Bradley">Rebecca Bradley</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Rebecca_Dallet">Rebecca Dallet</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Brian_Hagedorn">Brian Hagedorn</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jill_Karofsky">Jill Karofsky</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Janet_Claire_Protasiewicz">Janet Claire Protasiewicz</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Annette_Ziegler">Annette Ziegler</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Founded in 1848, the Wisconsin Supreme Court is the state's <a href="/Court_of_last_resort" title="Court of last resort">court of last resort</a> and has seven judgeships. The current chief of the court is <a href="/Annette_Ziegler" title="Annette Ziegler">Annette Ziegler</a>. In 2018, the court decided 707 cases.<sup id="cite_ref-cases_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cases-2">[2]</a></sup> </p><p>As of April 2024, six judges on the court were elected in nonpartisan elections and one was appointed by a Republican governor. </p><p>The court is located in the State Capitol Building in Madison, Wisconsin and proceedings are held in the Wisconsin Supreme Court Hearing Room.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> </p><p>In Wisconsin, state supreme court justices are elected in nonpartisan elections. There are 13 states that use this selection method. To read more about the nonpartisan election of judges, <a href="/Nonpartisan_election_of_judges" title="Nonpartisan election of judges">click here</a>. </p> <p>Wisconsin has a divided government where neither party holds a <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/State_government_trifectas">trifecta</a>. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor, while the Republican Party controls both chambers of the state legislature.</p> <p>On April 11, 2024, Justice <a href="/Ann_Walsh_Bradley" title="Ann Walsh Bradley">Ann Walsh Bradley</a> announced she would not seek another term in <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2025" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2025">2025</a>. <i>The Washington Post'</i>s Patrick Marley wrote that the retirement "sets the stage for an intense race for control of the court two years after candidates, political parties and interest groups spent more than $50 million in the most expensive judicial race in U.S. history." Democrats won a 4-3 majority on the court following the <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2023" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2023">2023 election</a> of <a href="/Janet_Claire_Protasiewicz" title="Janet Claire Protasiewicz">Janet Claire Protasiewicz</a>. Bradley is a member of the court's Democratic majority.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Judicial_selection_in_Wisconsin" title="Judicial selection in Wisconsin">Judicial selection in Wisconsin</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The supreme court is the highest appellate court in the state. It has discretionary appellate jurisdiction over all courts in the state. It may also hear original actions and proceedings. The constitution does not place limits on the court's original jurisdiction. The court may issue a <a href="/Writ" title="Writ">Writ</a> as needed in its jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> </p><p>The court is also in charge of judicial administrative functions. It sets rules for judicial proceedings. It has regulatory authority over the lawyers who practice law in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </p><p>The following text from Article VII, Section 3 of the Wisconsin Constitution covers the organization and jurisdiction of the court: </p> <div style="height:400px;overflow:scroll;border:1px solid gray;margin:20px;padding:10px;"> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;"><b>Supreme Court: Jurisdiction</b> <p>(1) The supreme court shall have superintending and administrative authority over all courts. (2) The supreme court has appellate jurisdiction over all courts and may hear original actions and proceedings. The supreme court may issue all writs necessary in aid of its jurisdiction. (3) The supreme court may review judgments and orders of the court of appeals, may remove cases from the court of appeals and may accept cases on certification by the court of appeals.<sup id="cite_ref-wi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wi-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-8">[8]</a></sup> </p> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%"><cite style="font-style: normal;font-size: smaller; float: right;">—<a href="/Article_VII,_Wisconsin_Constitution" title="Article VII, Wisconsin Constitution">Wisconsin Constitution, Article VII</a>, Section 3</cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p> </p><div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351617089-0"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1548351617089-0'); }); </script> </div><div id="div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3049" class="publirAds"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (event.slot.getSlotElementId() == "div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3049") {googletag.display("div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3049");} });});</script></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Justices">Justices</span></h2> <p>The table below lists the current justices of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, their political party, and when they assumed office. <style> table#officeholder-table th, td { padding:5px; font-size: 16px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { table#officeholder-table th, td {font-size: 10px; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 600px) { table #officeholder-table td { </p> <pre> padding-left: 10px !important; padding-right: 10px !important; </pre> <p>} } .partytd.Democratic { background-color: #003388; color: white; text-align: center; } .partytd.Republican { background-color: #db0000; color: white; text-align: center; } .partytd.Libertarian { background-color: #fdd007; text-align: center; } .partytd.Green { background-color: #6db24f; color: white; text-align: center; } .partytd.Gray { text-align: center; } .bptable.gray th { background:#4c4c4c;color:#fff; } </style> </p> <div> <p><br /> </p><table class="bptable gray sortable" id="officeholder-table" style="width:auto; border-bottom:1px solid #bcbcbc;"> <thead> <tr colspan="4" style="background:#4c4c4c!important;color:#fff!important;text-align:center;padding: 7px 8px 8px;margin-bottom:4px;"> <th>Office</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Date assumed office</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ann_Walsh_Bradley">Ann Walsh Bradley</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">August 1, 1995</td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Rebecca_Bradley">Rebecca Bradley</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">October 12, 2015</td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Rebecca_Dallet">Rebecca Dallet</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">August 1, 2018</td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Brian_Hagedorn">Brian Hagedorn</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">August 1, 2019</td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jill_Karofsky">Jill Karofsky</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">August 1, 2020</td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Janet_Claire_Protasiewicz">Janet Claire Protasiewicz</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">August 1, 2023</td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Annette_Ziegler">Annette Ziegler</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">August 1, 2007</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery.tablesorter/2.29.6/js/jquery.tablesorter.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </p> </div> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Judicial_selection">Judicial selection</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Judicial_selection_in_Wisconsin" title="Judicial selection in Wisconsin">Judicial selection in Wisconsin</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p> The <b>seven justices</b> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a> are elected in statewide <a href="/Nonpartisan_election_of_judges" title="Nonpartisan election of judges">nonpartisan elections</a>. Judges serve ten-year terms, and to remain on the court, they must run for re-election after their term expires. Only one seat may be elected in any year, and more than two candidates for each seat must file to have a primary.<sup id="cite_ref-WINCSC_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WINCSC-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-section4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-section4-10">[10]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Qualifications">Qualifications</span></h3> <p>To serve on the supreme court, a judge must be: </p> <ul><li>licensed to practice law in Wisconsin for a minimum of five years immediately prior to election or appointment<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Chief_justice">Chief justice</span></h3> <p>The chief justice of the court is selected by peer vote for a term of two years. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Vacancies">Vacancies</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/How_vacancies_are_filled_in_state_supreme_courts" title="How vacancies are filled in state supreme courts">How vacancies are filled in state supreme courts</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In the event of a vacancy on the court, the governor has the power and duty to appoint an individual to the vacancy. The governor screens judicial applicants using an advisory council on judicial selection. The council recommends three to five candidates to the governor, although the governor is not bound by their recommendations. The appointed justice must then stand for election in the first subsequent year in which no other justice's term expires.<sup id="cite_ref-section4_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-section4-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WINCSC_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WINCSC-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> </p><p>The map below highlights how vacancies are filled in state supreme courts across the country. </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><center><iframe title="Judicial selection methods in state supreme courts for partial terms" aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-B3f0r" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/B3f0r/7/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 70% !important; border: none;" height="570" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script></center> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Elections">Elections</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections">Wisconsin Supreme Court elections</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2025">2025</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>Main article: <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2025" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2025">Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2025</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The term of one <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a> justice will expire on July 31, 2025. The seat is up for <a href="/Nonpartisan_election_of_judges" title="Nonpartisan election of judges">nonpartisan</a> election on April 1, 2025. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Candidates_and_results">Candidates and results</span></h4> <p><style> .votebox { color: #888; display: table; max-width: 600px; } .electionsectionheading { font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: .75em; margin-top: 1em; } .results_text { font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: 200; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; padding-bottom: 7px; } .election_results_text { display: inline; } .race_header { background: #4c4c4c; color: #fff; padding:7px 8px 8px; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 4px; } .race_header.democratic { background-color: #003388; } .race_header.republican { background-color: #db0000; } .race_header.libertarian { background-color: #dac113; } .race_header.green { background-color: #6db24f; } .mw-body #mw-content-text .votebox .race_header h3.votebox-header-office-name { font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: .03em; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0; } .mw-body #mw-content-text .votebox .race_header h5.votebox-header-election-type { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: .04em; padding-left: 0; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; } .results_table { width: 100%; } .votebox_legend { width: 100% !important; } .votebox_legend .non_result_row { vertical-align: top; } .results_row td { padding-bottom: 3px; padding-top: 3px; } .results_row td:first-child { padding-left: 8px; } .results_row { height: 56px; } .votebox-results-cell--check { color: #6db24f; font-size: 2em; } .mw-content-ltr td.votebox-results-cell--text, .mw-body #mw-content-text th.votebox-results-cell--text { font-weight: 300; } .mw-body #mw-content-text th.votebox-results-cell--text { font-weight: 100; text-align: left; } .votebox-results-cell--number { text-align: center; } .image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper { border: 1px solid #999; border-radius: 50%; display: block; height: 50px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 50px; margin-right: 10px; } .image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper .image-candidate-thumbnail { width: 100% } .results_row.winner { background-color: #f4f4f4; } .non_result_row { color: #888; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.03em; } .non_result_row th { text-align: left !important; } .non_result_row div { display: inline-block; } .race_footer { display: block; margin: 8px auto; width: 50%; } .votebox-results-metadata { padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 16px; padding-top: 8px; } .votebox-results-metadata-p { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.03em; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: -2px !important; } .outer_percentage { margin: 0px 10px; width: 90%; background-color: #ccc; float: left; height: 22px; overflow-y: hidden; position: relative; top: -1px; max-width: 75px; } .inner_percentage { display: inline-block; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; height: 100%; } .inner_percentage.Democratic { background-color: #003388; } .inner_percentage.Republican { background-color: #db0000; } .inner_percentage.Libertarian { background-color: #f9d334; } .inner_percentage.Green { background-color: #6db24f; } .inner_percentage.CrossFiled { background-color: grey; } .inner_percentage, .inner_percentage.Nonpartisan, .inner_percentage.Independent, .inner_percentage.Constitution, .inner_percentage.unknown { background-color: green; } .percentage_number { display: inline-block; width: 100%; color:white; position: absolute; top: 2px; left: 0; text-align: center; z-index:1; } .votebox_bp_logo { width: 35px !important; vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 12px; position: relative; top: -5px; } .votebox-covid-disclaimer { font-style: italic; margin-bottom:16px; margin-top: 16px; } .indicate_scroll { font-size: 12px; margin: 0; padding-bottom: 5px; font-style: italic; color: #0645ad; } @media screen and (max-width: 350px) { .race_header, .results_text, .results_table_container, .votebox_legend { width: 350px; } .votebox { overflow-x: scroll; width: 100%; display: block; } } .votebox-scroll-container { overflow-x: auto; } .silhouette-image-container { position: relative; display: inline-block; } .silhouette-text-overlay { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; background-color: white; opacity: 0; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.3s ease; border-radius: 100%; line-height: 1.1; cursor: pointer; } .silhouette-image-container:hover .silhouette-text-overlay { opacity: 1; } </style><style> .votebox-scroll-container { overflow-y: hidden; } .results_table_container { max-height: 580px; overflow-y: auto; } </p> </style></p><h5>General election</h5><div class="votebox-scroll-container"><div class="votebox"><div class="race_header nonpartisan"><h5 class="votebox-header-election-type">General election for Wisconsin Supreme Court</h5></div><p class="results_text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Susan_Crawford_(Wisconsin)">Susan Crawford</a> and <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Brad_Schimel">Brad Schimel</a> are running in the general election for Wisconsin Supreme Court on April 1, 2025. </p><p class="indicate_scroll" style="text-align: right"></p><div class="results_table_container"><table class="results_table"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row" style="margin-top: 6px;"><td colspan="2"></td><td><div>Candidate</div></td></tr><tr class="results_row "><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Susan_Crawford_20241121_050346.jpg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Susan Crawford" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Susan_Crawford_(Wisconsin)">Susan Crawford</a> (Nonpartisan) </td></tr><tr class="results_row "><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/BradSchimel2015.png" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Brad Schimel" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Brad_Schimel">Brad Schimel</a> (Nonpartisan) </td></tr></tbody></table></div><hr /><table class="votebox_legend"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row"><td style="width: 40px;"><p style="margin-bottom: -12px;"><img class="votebox_bp_logo" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/bp-logo-sm.svg" alt="Ballotpedia Logo" title="The Encyclopedia of American Politics" /></p></td><td><p style="margin-bottom: -12px; margin-right: 15px;" class="votebox-results-metadata-p"> There are no <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Incumbent">incumbents</a> in this race. </p></td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;"><span><img style="width: 15px" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/candidate_connection_shortened_logo.png" alt="Candidate Connection" title="Candidate Connection" /> = candidate completed the <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Candidate_Connection">Ballotpedia Candidate Connection</a> survey.</span></td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;">If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, <a href="/Survey?source=votebox">complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="background:#DDD; position:relative;"><p style="margin:0; font-size:0.75em; color:#666;">Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? <a href="mailto:data@ballotpedia.org">Contact our sales team.</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><h5>Nonpartisan primary election</h5><p>The primary election was canceled. <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Susan_Crawford_(Wisconsin)">Susan Crawford</a> and <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Brad_Schimel">Brad Schimel</a> advanced from the primary for Wisconsin Supreme Court.</p><script>function defer(){window.jQuery?indicateScroll():setTimeout(function(){defer()},500)}function indicateScroll(){jQuery(".votebox").each(function(e){if(jQuery(".results_table_container").get(e).scrollHeight>580){let o=jQuery(".votebox .indicate_scroll").get(e);jQuery(o).html("Scroll for more <i class='glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-down'></i> ")}})}defer();</script> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Judges_not_on_the_ballot">Judges not on the ballot</span></h4> <ul><li><a href="/Ann_Walsh_Bradley" title="Ann Walsh Bradley">Ann Walsh Bradley</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2023">2023</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>Main article: <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2023" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2023">Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2023</a></i></dd></dl> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Candidates_and_results_2">Candidates and results</span></h4> <p><style> .votebox { color: #888; 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} .non_result_row th { text-align: left !important; } .non_result_row div { display: inline-block; } .race_footer { display: block; margin: 8px auto; width: 50%; } .votebox-results-metadata { padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 16px; padding-top: 8px; } .votebox-results-metadata-p { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.03em; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: -2px !important; } .outer_percentage { margin: 0px 10px; width: 90%; background-color: #ccc; float: left; height: 22px; overflow-y: hidden; position: relative; top: -1px; max-width: 75px; } .inner_percentage { display: inline-block; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; height: 100%; } .inner_percentage.Democratic { background-color: #003388; } .inner_percentage.Republican { background-color: #db0000; } .inner_percentage.Libertarian { background-color: #f9d334; } .inner_percentage.Green { background-color: #6db24f; } .inner_percentage.CrossFiled { background-color: grey; } .inner_percentage, .inner_percentage.Nonpartisan, .inner_percentage.Independent, .inner_percentage.Constitution, .inner_percentage.unknown { background-color: green; } .percentage_number { display: inline-block; width: 100%; color:white; position: absolute; top: 2px; left: 0; text-align: center; z-index:1; } .votebox_bp_logo { width: 35px !important; vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 12px; position: relative; top: -5px; } .votebox-covid-disclaimer { font-style: italic; margin-bottom:16px; margin-top: 16px; } .indicate_scroll { font-size: 12px; margin: 0; padding-bottom: 5px; font-style: italic; color: #0645ad; } @media screen and (max-width: 350px) { .race_header, .results_text, .results_table_container, .votebox_legend { width: 350px; } .votebox { overflow-x: scroll; width: 100%; display: block; } } .votebox-scroll-container { overflow-x: auto; } .silhouette-image-container { position: relative; display: inline-block; } .silhouette-text-overlay { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; background-color: white; opacity: 0; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.3s ease; border-radius: 100%; line-height: 1.1; cursor: pointer; } .silhouette-image-container:hover .silhouette-text-overlay { opacity: 1; } </style><style> .votebox-scroll-container { overflow-y: hidden; } .results_table_container { max-height: 580px; overflow-y: auto; } </p> </style></p><h4>General election</h4><div class="votebox-scroll-container"><div class="votebox"><div class="race_header nonpartisan"><h5 class="votebox-header-election-type">General election for Wisconsin Supreme Court</h5></div><p class="results_text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Janet_Claire_Protasiewicz">Janet Claire Protasiewicz</a> defeated <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Daniel_Kelly_(Wisconsin)">Daniel Kelly</a> in the general election for Wisconsin Supreme Court on April 4, 2023. </p><p class="indicate_scroll" style="text-align: right"></p><div class="results_table_container"><table class="results_table"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row" style="margin-top: 6px;"><td colspan="2"></td><td><div>Candidate</div></td><td style="text-align: center;min-width: 100px;"><div style="width: 75px;text-align: center;float:left;margin-left: 10px;">%</div></td><td style="text-align: center;"><div>Votes</div></td></tr><tr class="results_row winner"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check">✔</td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/JanetProtasiewicz.jpg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Janet Claire Protasiewicz" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Janet_Claire_Protasiewicz">Janet Claire Protasiewicz</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">55.4</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 55.4%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">1,021,822</td></tr><tr class="results_row "><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Daniel-Kelly.jpeg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Daniel Kelly" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Daniel_Kelly_(Wisconsin)">Daniel Kelly</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">44.4</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 44.4%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">818,391</td></tr><tr class="results_row"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td> </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text">Other/Write-in votes</td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">0.2</div><div class="inner_percentage" style="width: 0.2%;"> </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">3,267</td></tr></tbody></table></div><hr /><table class="votebox_legend"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row"><td style="width: 40px;"><p style="margin-bottom: -12px;"><img class="votebox_bp_logo" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/bp-logo-sm.svg" alt="Ballotpedia Logo" title="The Encyclopedia of American Politics" /></p></td><td><p style="margin-bottom: -12px; margin-right: 15px;" class="votebox-results-metadata-p"> There were no <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Incumbent">incumbents</a> in this race. The results have been certified. <a href="https://elections.wi.gov/sites/default/files/documents/County%20by%20County%20Report_SCOWIS.pdf" target="_blank">Source</a></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top; width: 170px; padding-right: 10px; text-align: right;" class="votebox-results-cell--number">Total votes: 1,843,480 </td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;"><span><img style="width: 15px" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/candidate_connection_shortened_logo.png" alt="Candidate Connection" title="Candidate Connection" /> = candidate completed the <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Candidate_Connection">Ballotpedia Candidate Connection</a> survey.</span></td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;">If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, <a href="/Survey?source=votebox">complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="background:#DDD; position:relative;"><p style="margin:0; font-size:0.75em; color:#666;">Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? <a href="mailto:data@ballotpedia.org">Contact our sales team.</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><h4>Nonpartisan primary election</h4><div class="votebox-scroll-container"><div class="votebox"><div class="race_header nonpartisan"><h5 class="votebox-header-election-type">Nonpartisan primary for Wisconsin Supreme Court</h5></div><p class="results_text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Janet_Claire_Protasiewicz">Janet Claire Protasiewicz</a> and <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Daniel_Kelly_(Wisconsin)">Daniel Kelly</a> defeated <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jennifer_Dorow">Jennifer Dorow</a> and <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Everett_Mitchell">Everett Mitchell</a> in the primary for Wisconsin Supreme Court on February 21, 2023. </p><p class="indicate_scroll" style="text-align: right"></p><div class="results_table_container"><table class="results_table"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row" style="margin-top: 6px;"><td colspan="2"></td><td><div>Candidate</div></td><td style="text-align: center;min-width: 100px;"><div style="width: 75px;text-align: center;float:left;margin-left: 10px;">%</div></td><td style="text-align: center;"><div>Votes</div></td></tr><tr class="results_row winner"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check">✔</td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/JanetProtasiewicz.jpg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Janet Claire Protasiewicz" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Janet_Claire_Protasiewicz">Janet Claire Protasiewicz</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">46.4</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 46.4%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">446,403</td></tr><tr class="results_row winner"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check">✔</td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Daniel-Kelly.jpeg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Daniel Kelly" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Daniel_Kelly_(Wisconsin)">Daniel Kelly</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">24.2</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 24.2%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">232,751</td></tr><tr class="results_row "><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/JenniferDorow.jpg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Jennifer Dorow" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jennifer_Dorow">Jennifer Dorow</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">21.9</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 21.9%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">210,100</td></tr><tr class="results_row "><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/EverettMitchell.jpg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Everett Mitchell" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Everett_Mitchell">Everett Mitchell</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">7.5</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 7.5%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">71,895</td></tr></tbody></table></div><hr /><table class="votebox_legend"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row"><td style="width: 40px;"><p style="margin-bottom: -12px;"><img class="votebox_bp_logo" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/bp-logo-sm.svg" alt="Ballotpedia Logo" title="The Encyclopedia of American Politics" /></p></td><td><p style="margin-bottom: -12px; margin-right: 15px;" class="votebox-results-metadata-p"> There were no <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Incumbent">incumbents</a> in this race. The results have been certified. <a href="https://elections.wi.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Canvass%20Results_Spring%20Primary_2_21_23.pdf" target="_blank">Source</a></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top; width: 170px; padding-right: 10px; text-align: right;" class="votebox-results-cell--number">Total votes: 961,149 </td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;"><span><img style="width: 15px" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/candidate_connection_shortened_logo.png" alt="Candidate Connection" title="Candidate Connection" /> = candidate completed the <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Candidate_Connection">Ballotpedia Candidate Connection</a> survey.</span></td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;">If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, <a href="/Survey?source=votebox">complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="background:#DDD; position:relative;"><p style="margin:0; font-size:0.75em; color:#666;">Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? <a href="mailto:data@ballotpedia.org">Contact our sales team.</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><script>function defer(){window.jQuery?indicateScroll():setTimeout(function(){defer()},500)}function indicateScroll(){jQuery(".votebox").each(function(e){if(jQuery(".results_table_container").get(e).scrollHeight>580){let o=jQuery(".votebox .indicate_scroll").get(e);jQuery(o).html("Scroll for more <i class='glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-down'></i> ")}})}defer();</script> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Justices_not_on_the_ballot">Justices not on the ballot</span></h4> <ul><li><a href="/Patience_Roggensack" title="Patience Roggensack">Patience Roggensack</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2020">2020</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>Main article: <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2020" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2020">Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2020</a></i></dd></dl> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Candidates_and_results_3">Candidates and results</span></h4> <p><style> .votebox { color: #888; display: table; max-width: 600px; } .electionsectionheading { font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: .75em; margin-top: 1em; } .results_text { font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: 200; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; padding-bottom: 7px; } .election_results_text { display: inline; } .race_header { background: #4c4c4c; color: #fff; padding:7px 8px 8px; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 4px; } .race_header.democratic { background-color: #003388; } .race_header.republican { background-color: #db0000; } .race_header.libertarian { background-color: #dac113; } .race_header.green { background-color: #6db24f; } .mw-body #mw-content-text .votebox .race_header h3.votebox-header-office-name { font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: .03em; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0; } .mw-body #mw-content-text .votebox .race_header h5.votebox-header-election-type { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: .04em; padding-left: 0; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; } .results_table { width: 100%; } .votebox_legend { width: 100% !important; } .votebox_legend .non_result_row { vertical-align: top; } .results_row td { padding-bottom: 3px; padding-top: 3px; } .results_row td:first-child { padding-left: 8px; } .results_row { height: 56px; } .votebox-results-cell--check { color: #6db24f; font-size: 2em; } .mw-content-ltr td.votebox-results-cell--text, .mw-body #mw-content-text th.votebox-results-cell--text { font-weight: 300; } .mw-body #mw-content-text th.votebox-results-cell--text { font-weight: 100; text-align: left; } .votebox-results-cell--number { text-align: center; } .image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper { border: 1px solid #999; border-radius: 50%; display: block; height: 50px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 50px; margin-right: 10px; } .image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper .image-candidate-thumbnail { width: 100% } .results_row.winner { background-color: #f4f4f4; } .non_result_row { color: #888; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.03em; } .non_result_row th { text-align: left !important; } .non_result_row div { display: inline-block; } .race_footer { display: block; margin: 8px auto; width: 50%; } .votebox-results-metadata { padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 16px; padding-top: 8px; } .votebox-results-metadata-p { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.03em; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: -2px !important; } .outer_percentage { margin: 0px 10px; width: 90%; background-color: #ccc; float: left; height: 22px; overflow-y: hidden; position: relative; top: -1px; max-width: 75px; } .inner_percentage { display: inline-block; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; height: 100%; } .inner_percentage.Democratic { background-color: #003388; } .inner_percentage.Republican { background-color: #db0000; } .inner_percentage.Libertarian { background-color: #f9d334; } .inner_percentage.Green { background-color: #6db24f; } .inner_percentage.CrossFiled { background-color: grey; } .inner_percentage, .inner_percentage.Nonpartisan, .inner_percentage.Independent, .inner_percentage.Constitution, .inner_percentage.unknown { background-color: green; } .percentage_number { display: inline-block; width: 100%; color:white; position: absolute; top: 2px; left: 0; text-align: center; z-index:1; } .votebox_bp_logo { width: 35px !important; vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 12px; position: relative; top: -5px; } .votebox-covid-disclaimer { font-style: italic; margin-bottom:16px; margin-top: 16px; } .indicate_scroll { font-size: 12px; margin: 0; padding-bottom: 5px; font-style: italic; color: #0645ad; } @media screen and (max-width: 350px) { .race_header, .results_text, .results_table_container, .votebox_legend { width: 350px; } .votebox { overflow-x: scroll; width: 100%; display: block; } } .votebox-scroll-container { overflow-x: auto; } .silhouette-image-container { position: relative; display: inline-block; } .silhouette-text-overlay { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; background-color: white; opacity: 0; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.3s ease; border-radius: 100%; line-height: 1.1; cursor: pointer; } .silhouette-image-container:hover .silhouette-text-overlay { opacity: 1; } </style><style> .votebox-scroll-container { overflow-y: hidden; } .results_table_container { max-height: 580px; overflow-y: auto; } </p> </style></p><h4>General election</h4><div class="votebox-scroll-container"><div class="votebox"><div class="race_header nonpartisan"><h5 class="votebox-header-election-type">General election for Wisconsin Supreme Court</h5></div><p class="results_text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jill_Karofsky">Jill Karofsky</a> defeated incumbent <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Daniel_Kelly_(Wisconsin)">Daniel Kelly</a> in the general election for Wisconsin Supreme Court on April 7, 2020. </p><p class="indicate_scroll" style="text-align: right"></p><div class="results_table_container"><table class="results_table"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row" style="margin-top: 6px;"><td colspan="2"></td><td><div>Candidate</div></td><td style="text-align: center;min-width: 100px;"><div style="width: 75px;text-align: center;float:left;margin-left: 10px;">%</div></td><td style="text-align: center;"><div>Votes</div></td></tr><tr class="results_row winner"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check">✔</td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Jill_Karofsky.jpg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Jill Karofsky" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jill_Karofsky">Jill Karofsky</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">55.2</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 55.2%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">855,573</td></tr><tr class="results_row "><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Daniel-Kelly.jpeg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Daniel Kelly" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><b><u><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Daniel_Kelly_(Wisconsin)">Daniel Kelly</a></u></b> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">44.7</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 44.7%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">693,134</td></tr><tr class="results_row"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td> </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text">Other/Write-in votes</td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">0.1</div><div class="inner_percentage" style="width: 0.1%;"> </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">990</td></tr></tbody></table></div><hr /><table class="votebox_legend"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row"><td style="width: 40px;"><p style="margin-bottom: -12px;"><img class="votebox_bp_logo" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/bp-logo-sm.svg" alt="Ballotpedia Logo" title="The Encyclopedia of American Politics" /></p></td><td><p style="margin-bottom: -12px; margin-right: 15px;" class="votebox-results-metadata-p"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Incumbent">Incumbents</a> are <b><u>bolded and underlined</u></b>. The results have been certified. <a href="https://elections.wi.gov/sites/elections.wi.gov/files/Canvass%20Results%20Summary_spring%20election%20all%20contests_4_7_2020.pdf" target="_blank">Source</a></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top; width: 170px; padding-right: 10px; text-align: right;" class="votebox-results-cell--number">Total votes: 1,549,697 </td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;"><span><img style="width: 15px" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/candidate_connection_shortened_logo.png" alt="Candidate Connection" title="Candidate Connection" /> = candidate completed the <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Candidate_Connection">Ballotpedia Candidate Connection</a> survey.</span></td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;">If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, <a href="/Survey?source=votebox">complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="background:#DDD; position:relative;"><p style="margin:0; font-size:0.75em; color:#666;">Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? <a href="mailto:data@ballotpedia.org">Contact our sales team.</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><h4>Nonpartisan primary election</h4><div class="votebox-scroll-container"><div class="votebox"><div class="race_header nonpartisan"><h5 class="votebox-header-election-type">Nonpartisan primary for Wisconsin Supreme Court</h5></div><p class="results_text">Incumbent <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Daniel_Kelly_(Wisconsin)">Daniel Kelly</a> and <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jill_Karofsky">Jill Karofsky</a> defeated <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ed_Fallone">Edward A. Fallone</a> in the primary for Wisconsin Supreme Court on February 18, 2020. </p><p class="indicate_scroll" style="text-align: right"></p><div class="results_table_container"><table class="results_table"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row" style="margin-top: 6px;"><td colspan="2"></td><td><div>Candidate</div></td><td style="text-align: center;min-width: 100px;"><div style="width: 75px;text-align: center;float:left;margin-left: 10px;">%</div></td><td style="text-align: center;"><div>Votes</div></td></tr><tr class="results_row winner"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check">✔</td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Daniel-Kelly.jpeg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Daniel Kelly" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><b><u><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Daniel_Kelly_(Wisconsin)">Daniel Kelly</a></u></b> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">50.1</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 50.1%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">352,876</td></tr><tr class="results_row winner"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check">✔</td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Jill_Karofsky.jpg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Jill Karofsky" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jill_Karofsky">Jill Karofsky</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">37.2</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 37.2%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">261,783</td></tr><tr class="results_row "><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Ed_Fallone.jpg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Edward A. Fallone" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ed_Fallone">Edward A. Fallone</a> (Nonpartisan) <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ed_Fallone#Campaign_themes"><img style="width: 15px" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/candidate_connection_shortened_logo.png" alt="Candidate Connection" title="Candidate Connection" /></a></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">12.7</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 12.7%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">89,184</td></tr></tbody></table></div><hr /><table class="votebox_legend"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row"><td style="width: 40px;"><p style="margin-bottom: -12px;"><img class="votebox_bp_logo" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/bp-logo-sm.svg" alt="Ballotpedia Logo" title="The Encyclopedia of American Politics" /></p></td><td><p style="margin-bottom: -12px; margin-right: 15px;" class="votebox-results-metadata-p"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Incumbent">Incumbents</a> are <b><u>bolded and underlined</u></b>. The results have been certified. <a href="https://elections.wi.gov/sites/elections.wi.gov/files/Canvass%20Results_spring%20primary_2_18_20_0.pdf" target="_blank">Source</a></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top; width: 170px; padding-right: 10px; text-align: right;" class="votebox-results-cell--number">Total votes: 703,843 </td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;"><span><img style="width: 15px" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/candidate_connection_shortened_logo.png" alt="Candidate Connection" title="Candidate Connection" /> = candidate completed the <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Candidate_Connection">Ballotpedia Candidate Connection</a> survey.</span></td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;">If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, <a href="/Survey?source=votebox">complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="background:#DDD; position:relative;"><p style="margin:0; font-size:0.75em; color:#666;">Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? <a href="mailto:data@ballotpedia.org">Contact our sales team.</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><script>function defer(){window.jQuery?indicateScroll():setTimeout(function(){defer()},500)}function indicateScroll(){jQuery(".votebox").each(function(e){if(jQuery(".results_table_container").get(e).scrollHeight>580){let o=jQuery(".votebox .indicate_scroll").get(e);jQuery(o).html("Scroll for more <i class='glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-down'></i> ")}})}defer();</script> <p><br /> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2019">2019</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>Main article: <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2019" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2019">Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2019</a></i></dd></dl> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Candidates_and_results_4">Candidates and results</span></h4> <p><style> .votebox { color: #888; display: table; max-width: 600px; } .electionsectionheading { font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: .75em; margin-top: 1em; } .results_text { font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: 200; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; padding-bottom: 7px; } .election_results_text { display: inline; } .race_header { background: #4c4c4c; color: #fff; padding:7px 8px 8px; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 4px; } .race_header.democratic { background-color: #003388; } .race_header.republican { background-color: #db0000; } .race_header.libertarian { background-color: #dac113; } .race_header.green { background-color: #6db24f; } .mw-body #mw-content-text .votebox .race_header h3.votebox-header-office-name { font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: .03em; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0; } .mw-body #mw-content-text .votebox .race_header h5.votebox-header-election-type { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: .04em; padding-left: 0; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; } .results_table { width: 100%; } .votebox_legend { width: 100% !important; } .votebox_legend .non_result_row { vertical-align: top; } .results_row td { padding-bottom: 3px; padding-top: 3px; } .results_row td:first-child { padding-left: 8px; } .results_row { height: 56px; } .votebox-results-cell--check { color: #6db24f; font-size: 2em; } .mw-content-ltr td.votebox-results-cell--text, .mw-body #mw-content-text th.votebox-results-cell--text { font-weight: 300; } .mw-body #mw-content-text th.votebox-results-cell--text { font-weight: 100; text-align: left; } .votebox-results-cell--number { text-align: center; } .image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper { border: 1px solid #999; border-radius: 50%; display: block; height: 50px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 50px; margin-right: 10px; } .image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper .image-candidate-thumbnail { width: 100% } .results_row.winner { background-color: #f4f4f4; } .non_result_row { color: #888; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.03em; } .non_result_row th { text-align: left !important; } .non_result_row div { display: inline-block; } .race_footer { display: block; margin: 8px auto; width: 50%; } .votebox-results-metadata { padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 16px; padding-top: 8px; } .votebox-results-metadata-p { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.03em; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: -2px !important; } .outer_percentage { margin: 0px 10px; width: 90%; background-color: #ccc; float: left; height: 22px; overflow-y: hidden; position: relative; top: -1px; max-width: 75px; } .inner_percentage { display: inline-block; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; height: 100%; } .inner_percentage.Democratic { background-color: #003388; } .inner_percentage.Republican { background-color: #db0000; } .inner_percentage.Libertarian { background-color: #f9d334; } .inner_percentage.Green { background-color: #6db24f; } .inner_percentage.CrossFiled { background-color: grey; } .inner_percentage, .inner_percentage.Nonpartisan, .inner_percentage.Independent, .inner_percentage.Constitution, .inner_percentage.unknown { background-color: green; } .percentage_number { display: inline-block; width: 100%; color:white; position: absolute; top: 2px; left: 0; text-align: center; z-index:1; } .votebox_bp_logo { width: 35px !important; vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 12px; position: relative; top: -5px; } .votebox-covid-disclaimer { font-style: italic; margin-bottom:16px; margin-top: 16px; } .indicate_scroll { font-size: 12px; margin: 0; padding-bottom: 5px; font-style: italic; color: #0645ad; } @media screen and (max-width: 350px) { .race_header, .results_text, .results_table_container, .votebox_legend { width: 350px; } .votebox { overflow-x: scroll; width: 100%; display: block; } } .votebox-scroll-container { overflow-x: auto; } .silhouette-image-container { position: relative; display: inline-block; } .silhouette-text-overlay { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; background-color: white; opacity: 0; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.3s ease; border-radius: 100%; line-height: 1.1; cursor: pointer; } .silhouette-image-container:hover .silhouette-text-overlay { opacity: 1; } </style><style> .votebox-scroll-container { overflow-y: hidden; } .results_table_container { max-height: 580px; overflow-y: auto; } </p> </style></p><h4>General election</h4><div class="votebox-scroll-container"><div class="votebox"><div class="race_header nonpartisan"><h5 class="votebox-header-election-type">General election for Wisconsin Supreme Court</h5></div><p class="results_text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Brian_Hagedorn">Brian Hagedorn</a> defeated <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Lisa_Neubauer">Lisa Neubauer</a> in the general election for Wisconsin Supreme Court on April 2, 2019. </p><p class="indicate_scroll" style="text-align: right"></p><div class="results_table_container"><table class="results_table"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row" style="margin-top: 6px;"><td colspan="2"></td><td><div>Candidate</div></td><td style="text-align: center;min-width: 100px;"><div style="width: 75px;text-align: center;float:left;margin-left: 10px;">%</div></td><td style="text-align: center;"><div>Votes</div></td></tr><tr class="results_row winner"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check">✔</td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Brian-Hagedorn.jpg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Brian Hagedorn" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Brian_Hagedorn">Brian Hagedorn</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">50.2</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 50.2%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">606,414</td></tr><tr class="results_row "><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Screen_Shot_2019-02-21_at_5.42.08_PM.png" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Lisa Neubauer" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Lisa_Neubauer">Lisa Neubauer</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">49.7</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 49.7%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">600,433</td></tr><tr class="results_row"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td> </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text">Other/Write-in votes</td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">0.1</div><div class="inner_percentage" style="width: 0.1%;"> </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">722</td></tr></tbody></table></div><hr /><table class="votebox_legend"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row"><td style="width: 40px;"><p style="margin-bottom: -12px;"><img class="votebox_bp_logo" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/bp-logo-sm.svg" alt="Ballotpedia Logo" title="The Encyclopedia of American Politics" /></p></td><td><p style="margin-bottom: -12px; margin-right: 15px;" class="votebox-results-metadata-p"> There were no <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Incumbent">incumbents</a> in this race. The results have been certified. <a href="https://elections.wi.gov/sites/electionsuat.wi.gov/files/Canvass%20Results-Spring%20Election%20and%20Assm%2064%20Primary.pdf" target="_blank">Source</a></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top; width: 170px; padding-right: 10px; text-align: right;" class="votebox-results-cell--number">Total votes: 1,207,569 </td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;"><span><img style="width: 15px" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/candidate_connection_shortened_logo.png" alt="Candidate Connection" title="Candidate Connection" /> = candidate completed the <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Candidate_Connection">Ballotpedia Candidate Connection</a> survey.</span></td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;">If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, <a href="/Survey?source=votebox">complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="background:#DDD; position:relative;"><p style="margin:0; font-size:0.75em; color:#666;">Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? <a href="mailto:data@ballotpedia.org">Contact our sales team.</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><script>function defer(){window.jQuery?indicateScroll():setTimeout(function(){defer()},500)}function indicateScroll(){jQuery(".votebox").each(function(e){if(jQuery(".results_table_container").get(e).scrollHeight>580){let o=jQuery(".votebox .indicate_scroll").get(e);jQuery(o).html("Scroll for more <i class='glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-down'></i> ")}})}defer();</script> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Justices_not_on_the_ballot_2">Justices not on the ballot</span></h4> <ul><li><a href="/Shirley_Abrahamson" title="Shirley Abrahamson">Shirley Abrahamson</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2018">2018</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>Main article: <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2018" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2018">Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2018</a></i></dd></dl> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Candidates_and_results_5">Candidates and results</span></h4> <p><style> .votebox { color: #888; 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} .non_result_row th { text-align: left !important; } .non_result_row div { display: inline-block; } .race_footer { display: block; margin: 8px auto; width: 50%; } .votebox-results-metadata { padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 16px; padding-top: 8px; } .votebox-results-metadata-p { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.03em; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: -2px !important; } .outer_percentage { margin: 0px 10px; width: 90%; background-color: #ccc; float: left; height: 22px; overflow-y: hidden; position: relative; top: -1px; max-width: 75px; } .inner_percentage { display: inline-block; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; height: 100%; } .inner_percentage.Democratic { background-color: #003388; } .inner_percentage.Republican { background-color: #db0000; } .inner_percentage.Libertarian { background-color: #f9d334; } .inner_percentage.Green { background-color: #6db24f; } .inner_percentage.CrossFiled { background-color: grey; } .inner_percentage, .inner_percentage.Nonpartisan, .inner_percentage.Independent, .inner_percentage.Constitution, .inner_percentage.unknown { background-color: green; } .percentage_number { display: inline-block; width: 100%; color:white; position: absolute; top: 2px; left: 0; text-align: center; z-index:1; } .votebox_bp_logo { width: 35px !important; vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 12px; position: relative; top: -5px; } .votebox-covid-disclaimer { font-style: italic; margin-bottom:16px; margin-top: 16px; } .indicate_scroll { font-size: 12px; margin: 0; padding-bottom: 5px; font-style: italic; color: #0645ad; } @media screen and (max-width: 350px) { .race_header, .results_text, .results_table_container, .votebox_legend { width: 350px; } .votebox { overflow-x: scroll; width: 100%; display: block; } } .votebox-scroll-container { overflow-x: auto; } .silhouette-image-container { position: relative; display: inline-block; } .silhouette-text-overlay { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; background-color: white; opacity: 0; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.3s ease; border-radius: 100%; line-height: 1.1; cursor: pointer; } .silhouette-image-container:hover .silhouette-text-overlay { opacity: 1; } </style><style> .votebox-scroll-container { overflow-y: hidden; } .results_table_container { max-height: 580px; overflow-y: auto; } </p> </style></p><h4>General election</h4><div class="votebox-scroll-container"><div class="votebox"><div class="race_header nonpartisan"><h5 class="votebox-header-election-type">General election for Wisconsin Supreme Court</h5></div><p class="results_text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Rebecca_Dallet">Rebecca Dallet</a> defeated <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Michael_Screnock">Michael Screnock</a> in the general election for Wisconsin Supreme Court on April 3, 2018. </p><p class="indicate_scroll" style="text-align: right"></p><div class="results_table_container"><table class="results_table"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row" style="margin-top: 6px;"><td colspan="2"></td><td><div>Candidate</div></td><td style="text-align: center;min-width: 100px;"><div style="width: 75px;text-align: center;float:left;margin-left: 10px;">%</div></td><td style="text-align: center;"><div>Votes</div></td></tr><tr class="results_row winner"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check">✔</td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Rebecca-Dallet.png" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Rebecca Dallet" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Rebecca_Dallet">Rebecca Dallet</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">55.7</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 55.7%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">555,848</td></tr><tr class="results_row "><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Michael_Screnock.jpg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Michael Screnock" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Michael_Screnock">Michael Screnock</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">44.2</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 44.2%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">440,808</td></tr><tr class="results_row"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td> </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text">Other/Write-in votes</td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">0.1</div><div class="inner_percentage" style="width: 0.1%;"> </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">829</td></tr></tbody></table></div><hr /><table class="votebox_legend"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row"><td style="width: 40px;"><p style="margin-bottom: -12px;"><img class="votebox_bp_logo" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/bp-logo-sm.svg" alt="Ballotpedia Logo" title="The Encyclopedia of American Politics" /></p></td><td><p style="margin-bottom: -12px; margin-right: 15px;" class="votebox-results-metadata-p"> There were no <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Incumbent">incumbents</a> in this race. The results have been certified. <a href="https://elections.wi.gov/sites/default/files/Statewide%20Percentage%20Results-4.3.18%20Spring%20Election.pdf" target="_blank">Source</a></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top; width: 170px; padding-right: 10px; text-align: right;" class="votebox-results-cell--number">Total votes: 997,485 </td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;"><span><img style="width: 15px" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/candidate_connection_shortened_logo.png" alt="Candidate Connection" title="Candidate Connection" /> = candidate completed the <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Candidate_Connection">Ballotpedia Candidate Connection</a> survey.</span></td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;">If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, <a href="/Survey?source=votebox">complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="background:#DDD; position:relative;"><p style="margin:0; font-size:0.75em; color:#666;">Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? <a href="mailto:data@ballotpedia.org">Contact our sales team.</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><h4>Nonpartisan primary election</h4><div class="votebox-scroll-container"><div class="votebox"><div class="race_header nonpartisan"><h5 class="votebox-header-election-type">Nonpartisan primary for Wisconsin Supreme Court</h5></div><p class="results_text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Michael_Screnock">Michael Screnock</a> and <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Rebecca_Dallet">Rebecca Dallet</a> defeated <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Tim_Burns">Tim Burns</a> in the primary for Wisconsin Supreme Court on February 20, 2018. </p><p class="indicate_scroll" style="text-align: right"></p><div class="results_table_container"><table class="results_table"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row" style="margin-top: 6px;"><td colspan="2"></td><td><div>Candidate</div></td><td style="text-align: center;min-width: 100px;"><div style="width: 75px;text-align: center;float:left;margin-left: 10px;">%</div></td><td style="text-align: center;"><div>Votes</div></td></tr><tr class="results_row winner"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check">✔</td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Michael_Screnock.jpg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Michael Screnock" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Michael_Screnock">Michael Screnock</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">46.3</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 46.3%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">247,582</td></tr><tr class="results_row winner"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check">✔</td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Rebecca-Dallet.png" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Rebecca Dallet" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Rebecca_Dallet">Rebecca Dallet</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">35.8</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 35.8%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">191,268</td></tr><tr class="results_row "><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td><div class="image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper Nonpartisan"><img class="image-candidate-thumbnail" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Tim_Burns.jpg" onerror="imgError(this);" alt="Image of Tim Burns" /></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Tim_Burns">Tim Burns</a> (Nonpartisan) </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">17.9</div><div class="inner_percentage Nonpartisan" style="width: 17.9%;">  </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">95,508</td></tr><tr class="results_row"><td class="votebox-results-cell--check"></td><td> </td><td class="votebox-results-cell--text">Other/Write-in votes</td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number"><div class="outer_percentage">  <div class="percentage_number">0.1</div><div class="inner_percentage" style="width: 0.1%;"> </div></div></td><td class="votebox-results-cell--number">622</td></tr></tbody></table></div><hr /><table class="votebox_legend"><tbody><tr class="non_result_row"><td style="width: 40px;"><p style="margin-bottom: -12px;"><img class="votebox_bp_logo" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/bp-logo-sm.svg" alt="Ballotpedia Logo" title="The Encyclopedia of American Politics" /></p></td><td><p style="margin-bottom: -12px; margin-right: 15px;" class="votebox-results-metadata-p"> There were no <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Incumbent">incumbents</a> in this race. The results have been certified. <a href="https://elections.wi.gov/sites/elections.wi.gov/files/Canvass%20Results.spring%20primary.2.20.18.pdf" target="_blank">Source</a></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top; width: 170px; padding-right: 10px; text-align: right;" class="votebox-results-cell--number">Total votes: 534,980 </td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;"><span><img style="width: 15px" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/candidate_connection_shortened_logo.png" alt="Candidate Connection" title="Candidate Connection" /> = candidate completed the <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Candidate_Connection">Ballotpedia Candidate Connection</a> survey.</span></td></tr><tr class="non_result_row"><td colspan="5" style="margin:5px;">If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, <a href="/Survey?source=votebox">complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="background:#DDD; position:relative;"><p style="margin:0; font-size:0.75em; color:#666;">Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? <a href="mailto:data@ballotpedia.org">Contact our sales team.</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><script>function defer(){window.jQuery?indicateScroll():setTimeout(function(){defer()},500)}function indicateScroll(){jQuery(".votebox").each(function(e){if(jQuery(".results_table_container").get(e).scrollHeight>580){let o=jQuery(".votebox .indicate_scroll").get(e);jQuery(o).html("Scroll for more <i class='glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-down'></i> ")}})}defer();</script> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Justices_not_on_the_ballot_3">Justices not on the ballot</span></h4> <ul><li><a href="/Michael_Gableman" title="Michael Gableman">Michael Gableman</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2017">2017</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>Main article: <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2017" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2017">Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2017</a></i></dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Candidates">Candidates</span></h3> <p><span style="color: gray">■</span> <a href="/Annette_Ziegler" title="Annette Ziegler">Annette Ziegler</a> <small><i>(<b>Incumbent/Unopposed</b>)</i></small><a href="/Won" title="Won"><img alt="Green check mark transparent.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/14px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png" width="14" height="14" srcset="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/21px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 1.5x, https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/28px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2016">2016</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>Main article: <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2016" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2016">Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2016</a></i></dd></dl> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Candidates_2">Candidates</span></h4> <p><span style="color: gray">■</span> <a href="/JoAnne_Kloppenburg" title="JoAnne Kloppenburg">JoAnne Kloppenburg</a><br /> <span style="color: gray">■</span> <a href="/Rebecca_Bradley" title="Rebecca Bradley">Rebecca Bradley</a> <a href="/Won" title="Won"><img alt="Green check mark transparent.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/14px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png" width="14" height="14" srcset="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/21px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 1.5x, https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/28px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a><br /> </p><p>Kloppenburg and Bradley faced each other in the April 5 general election. </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Defeated_in_primary">Defeated in primary</span></h5> <p><span style="color: gray">■</span> <a href="/Martin_Joseph_Donald" title="Martin Joseph Donald">Martin Joseph Donald</a><br /> </p> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Withdrawn">Withdrawn</span></h5> <p><span style="color: gray">■</span> <a href="/Claude_Covelli" title="Claude Covelli">Claude Covelli</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup><br /> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="General_election_results">General election results</span></h4> <table width="490px" class="bptable gray collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th style="color:white;background-color: #444;text-align:center" colspan="3"><b>Wisconsin Supreme Court, Rebecca Bradley's Seat, 2016</b></th> </tr> <tr><td width="275px" style="color:white;background-color:grey;text-align:center">Candidate</td> <td width="75px" style="color:white;background-color:grey;text-align:center">Vote %</td> <td width="100px" style="color:white;background-color:grey;text-align:center">Votes</td></tr><tr><td width="275px" style="text-align:center"><a href="/Won" title="Won"><img alt="Green check mark transparent.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/14px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png" width="14" height="14" srcset="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/21px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 1.5x, https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/28px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <b><a href="/Rebecca_Bradley" title="Rebecca Bradley">Rebecca Bradley</a></b> <small><i><b>Incumbent</b></i></small></td> <td width="75" style="text-align:center">52.35%</td> <td width="100" style="text-align:center">1,024,892</td></tr><tr><td width="275px" style="text-align:center"><a href="/JoAnne_Kloppenburg" title="JoAnne Kloppenburg">JoAnne Kloppenburg</a> </td> <td width="75" style="text-align:center">47.47%</td> <td width="100" style="text-align:center">929,377</td></tr><tr><td width="275px" style="text-align:center">Write-in votes</td> <td width="75" style="text-align:center">0.19%</td> <td width="100" style="text-align:center">3,678</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" width="450" style="color:white;background-color:#444;text-align:center"><b>Total Votes</b> <i>(100% Reporting)</i></td> <td width="100" style="text-align:center"><b>1,957,947</b></td></tr><tr> <td style="text-align:left" colspan="3"><i>Source:</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://elections.wi.gov/elections-voting/results/2016/fall-general">Wisconsin Government Accountability Board Official Results</a></td> </tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Primary_results">Primary results</span></h4> <p>The primary election was held February 16, 2016. </p> <table border="0" style="box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="600px" class="collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#2B2B2B; color:white; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="5"><b>Primary election</b></th> </tr> <tr><td style="background-color:#eeeeee; text-align:center" colspan="2" width="100px"><b>Ideology</b><sup id="cite_ref-affiliation_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-affiliation-14">[14]</a></sup></td> <td width="275px" style="background-color:#eeeeee; text-align:center"><b>Candidate</b></td> <td width="75px" style="background-color:#eeeeee; text-align:center"><b>Percentage</b></td> <td width="100px" style="background-color:#eeeeee; text-align:center"><b>Votes</b></td></tr><tr><td width="5px"> <span style="background-color:#;">    </span></td> <td width="75px"><span style="color: blue"><b>Liberal</b></span> </td> <td width="275px" style="text-align:center"><a href="/Martin_Joseph_Donald" title="Martin Joseph Donald">Martin Joseph Donald</a> </td> <td width="75" style="text-align:center">12.1%</td> <td width="100" style="text-align:center">68,746</td></tr><tr><td width="25px"> <span style="background-color:#;">    </span></td> <td width="75px"><span style="color: blue"><b>Liberal</b></span> </td> <td width="275px" style="text-align:center"><a href="/Won" title="Won"><img alt="Green check mark transparent.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/14px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png" width="14" height="14" srcset="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/21px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 1.5x, https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/28px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <b><a href="/JoAnne_Kloppenburg" title="JoAnne Kloppenburg">JoAnne Kloppenburg</a></b> </td> <td width="75" style="text-align:center">43.2%</td> <td width="100" style="text-align:center">244,729</td></tr><tr><td width="25px"> <span style="background-color:#;">    </span></td> <td width="75px"><span style="color: crimson"><b>Conservative</b></span> </td> <td width="275px" style="text-align:center"><a href="/Won" title="Won"><img alt="Green check mark transparent.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/14px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png" width="14" height="14" srcset="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/21px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 1.5x, https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/28px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <b><a href="/Rebecca_Bradley" title="Rebecca Bradley">Rebecca Bradley</a></b> </td> <td width="75" style="text-align:center">44.7%</td> <td width="100" style="text-align:center">252,932</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#eeeeee;text-align:center"></td><td style="background-color:#eeeeee;text-align:center"></td><td style="background-color:#eeeeee;text-align:center"></td><td style="background-color:#eeeeee;text-align:center"><b>Vote Total:</b></td> <td width="100" style="background-color:#eeeeee;text-align:center"><b>566,407</b></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /><i>3474 of 3474 precincts reporting</i><br /><b>Source:</b> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://elections.wi.gov/elections-voting/results/2016/spring-primary">Wisconsin Government Accountability Board Official Results</a> </p><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2015">2015</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Wisconsin_judicial_elections,_2015" title="Wisconsin judicial elections, 2015">Wisconsin judicial elections, 2015</a></i></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p><p>  </p><table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="600px" class="collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th style="color:white;background-color:#444;text-align:center" colspan="3"><b>General election, 2015</b></th> </tr> <tr><td width="275px" style="color:white;background-color:grey;text-align:center">Candidate</td> <td width="75px" style="color:white;background-color:grey;text-align:center">Vote %</td> <td width="100px" style="color:white;background-color:grey;text-align:center">Votes</td></tr><tr><td width="275px" style="text-align:center"><a href="/Won" title="Won"><img alt="Green check mark transparent.png" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/14px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png" width="14" height="14" srcset="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/21px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 1.5x, https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/thumb/0/0a/Green_check_mark_transparent.png/28px-Green_check_mark_transparent.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <b><a href="/Ann_Walsh_Bradley" title="Ann Walsh Bradley">Ann Walsh Bradley</a></b> <small><i><b>Incumbent</b></i></small></td> <td width="75" style="text-align:center">58.1%</td> <td width="100" style="text-align:center">471,866</td></tr><tr><td width="275px" style="text-align:center"><a href="/James_Daley" title="James Daley">James Daley</a> </td> <td width="75" style="text-align:center">41.9%</td> <td width="100" style="text-align:center">340,632</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" width="450" style="color:white;background-color:#444;text-align:center"><b>Total Votes</b></td> <td width="100" style="text-align:center"><b>813,200</b></td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup id="cite_ref-election2015_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-election2015-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> </p><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2013">2013</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Wisconsin_judicial_elections,_2013" title="Wisconsin judicial elections, 2013">Wisconsin judicial elections, 2013</a></i></dd></dl> <table width="600px" class="sortable" style="text-align:center;"><tbody><tr bgcolor="#2c5285" style="color:white;"><th>Candidate</th><th>Incumbency</th><th>Position</th><th>Primary Vote</th><th>Election Vote</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="display:none;">Roggensack</span><a href="/Patience_Roggensack" title="Patience Roggensack">Patience Roggensack</a> </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>   </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="display:none;">Fallone</span><a href="/Ed_Fallone" title="Ed Fallone">Ed Fallone</a> </td><td>No</td><td></td><td>29.8%<a href="/File:Yes_check.svg" class="image" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="18" height="18" /></a><span style="display:none;">A</span></td><td>42.47%   <a href="/File:/Red_x.svg" class="image" title="Defeated"><img alt="Defeated" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/16px-Red_x.svg.png" width="16" height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">A</span></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="display:none;">Megna</span><a href="/Vince_Megna" title="Vince Megna">Vince Megna</a> </td><td>No</td><td></td><td>6.3%</td><td bgcolor="black"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p><ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#tab1" style="background:#eee;">Election history, 2006-2011 (click to expand)</a><div id="tab1" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2011">2011</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Wisconsin_judicial_elections,_2011" title="Wisconsin judicial elections, 2011">Wisconsin judicial elections, 2011</a></i></dd></dl> The following is a list of candidates for the Supreme Court 2011 election:<table width="600px" class="sortable" style="text-align:center;"><tbody><tr bgcolor="#2c5285" style="color:white;"><th>Candidate</th><th>Incumbency</th><th>Position</th><th>Primary Vote</th><th>Election Vote</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="display:none;">Kloppenburg</span><a href="/JoAnne_Kloppenburg" title="JoAnne Kloppenburg">JoAnne Kloppenburg</a>    </td><td>No</td><td>District IV</td><td></td><td>49.70%   <a href="/File:/Red_x.svg" class="image" title="Defeated"><img alt="Defeated" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/16px-Red_x.svg.png" width="16" height="16" /></a><span style="display:none;">A</span></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="display:none;">Prosser</span><a href="/David_T._Prosser" title="David T. Prosser">David T. Prosser</a>   <a href="/File:Yes_check.svg" class="image" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="18" height="18" /></a><span style="display:none;">A</span></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td>50.192%   <a href="/File:Yes_check.svg" class="image" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="18" height="18" /></a><span style="display:none;">A</span></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="display:none;">Winnig</span><a href="/Joel_Winnig" title="Joel Winnig">Joel Winnig</a>    </td><td>No</td><td></td><td></td><td bgcolor="black"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="display:none;">Stephens</span><a href="/Marla_J._Stephens" title="Marla J. Stephens">Marla J. Stephens</a>    </td><td>No</td><td></td><td></td><td bgcolor="black"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2009">2009</span></h3> <center><table border="1" class="wikitable sortable"><tbody><tr><th>Candidate</th> <th>Incumbent</th> <th>Seat</th><th>Election votes</th> <th>Election %</th></tr><tr align="center"> <td><a href="/Shirley_Abrahamson" title="Shirley Abrahamson">Shirley Abrahamson</a> <a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/27px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/36px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><span style="display:none;">A</span></td> <td>Yes</td> <td></td><td>473,712</td> <td>59.6%</td></tr><tr align="center"> <td><a href="/Randy_Koschnick" title="Randy Koschnick">Randy Koschnick</a></td> <td>No</td> <td></td><td>319,706</td> <td>40.2%</td></tr></tbody></table></center><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2008">2008</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/State_Supreme_Court_elections,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="State Supreme Court elections, 2008">State Supreme Court elections, 2008</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Incumbent <a href="/Louis_Butler" title="Louis Butler">Louis Butler</a> was defeated by challenger <a href="/Michael_Gableman" title="Michael Gableman">Michael Gableman</a>. </p> <center><table border="1" class="wikitable sortable"><tbody><tr><th>Candidate</th> <th>Incumbent</th> <th>Seat</th><th>Election votes</th> <th>Election %</th></tr><tr align="center"> <td><a href="/Michael_Gableman" title="Michael Gableman">Michael Gableman</a> <a href="/Approved" title="Approved"><img alt="Approved" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/27px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/36px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><span style="display:none;">A</span></td> <td>No</td> <td></td><td>425,101</td> <td>51.1%</td></tr><tr align="center"> <td><a href="/Louis_Butler" title="Louis Butler">Louis Butler</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td></td><td>402,798</td> <td>48.5%</td></tr></tbody></table></center> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p></div></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Caseloads">Caseloads</span></h2> <p>The table below details the number of cases filed with the court and the number of dispositions (decisions) the court reached in each year.<sup id="cite_ref-cases_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cases-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> </p> <table class="bptable sortable" style="background:none; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color:#00008B; color: white; font=bold;"><i>Wisconsin Supreme Court caseload data</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#bbccee; color: black;">Year </th> <th style="background-color:#bbccee; color: black;">Filings </th> <th style="background-color:#bbccee; color: black;">Dispositions </th></tr> <tr> <td>2023</td> <td>573</td> <td>499 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022</td> <td>624</td> <td>596 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td>658</td> <td>596 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td>558</td> <td>544 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td>609</td> <td>712 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td>737</td> <td>748 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td>734</td> <td>704 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td>642</td> <td>600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td>732</td> <td>836 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td>792</td> <td>860 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td>807</td> <td>732 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>784</td> <td>824 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>809</td> <td>681 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>717</td> <td>762 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td>777</td> <td>740 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td>824</td> <td>812 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007</td> <td>810</td> <td>826 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Analysis">Analysis</span></h2> <h3><span id="Ballotpedia_Courts:_Determiners_and_Dissenters_.282021.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Ballotpedia_Courts:_Determiners_and_Dissenters_(2021)">Ballotpedia Courts: Determiners and Dissenters (2021)</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Ballotpedia_Courts:_Determiners_and_Dissenters" title="Ballotpedia Courts: Determiners and Dissenters">Ballotpedia Courts: Determiners and Dissenters</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><img alt="Ballotpedia Courts Determiners and Dissenters navigation ad.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/b/bb/Ballotpedia_Courts_Determiners_and_Dissenters_navigation_ad.png" decoding="async" width="3420" height="429" data-file-width="3420" data-file-height="429" /> In 2020, Ballotpedia published <i><a href="/Ballotpedia_Courts:_Determiners_and_Dissenters" title="Ballotpedia Courts: Determiners and Dissenters">Ballotpedia Courts: Determiners and Dissenters</a></i>, a study on how state supreme court justices decided the cases that came before them. Our goal was to determine which justices ruled together most often, which frequently dissented, and which courts featured the most unanimous or contentious decisions. </p><p>The study tracked the position taken by each state supreme court justice in every case they decided in 2020, then tallied the number of times the justices on the court ruled together. We identified the following types of justices: </p> <ul><li>We considered two justices <i><b>opinion partners</b></i> if they frequently concurred or dissented together throughout the year.</li> <li>We considered justices a <i><b>dissenting minority</b></i> if they frequently opposed decisions together as a -1 minority.</li> <li>We considered a group of justices a <i><b>determining majority</b></i> if they frequently determined cases by a +1 majority throughout the year.</li> <li>We considered a justice a <i><b>lone dissenter</b></i> if he or she frequently dissented alone in cases throughout the year.</li></ul> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Summary_of_cases_decided_in_2020">Summary of cases decided in 2020</span></h4> <ul><li>Number of justices: 7</li> <li>Number of cases: 89</li> <li>Percentage of cases with a unanimous ruling: 59.6%% (53)</li> <li>Justice most often writing the majority opinion: Justice Brian Hagedorn and Justice Rebecca Dallet (8)</li> <li>Per curiam decisions: 43</li> <li>Concurring opinions: 27</li> <li>Justice with most concurring opinions: Justice Rebecca Bradley and Justice Daniel Kelly (6)</li> <li>Dissenting opinions: 49</li> <li>Justice with most dissenting opinions: Justice Brian Hagedorn, Justice Rebecca Bradley, and Justice Rebecca Dallet (9)</li></ul> <p>For the study's full set of findings in Wisconsin, click <a href="/Ballotpedia_Courts:_Determiners_and_Dissenters/Wisconsin" title="Ballotpedia Courts: Determiners and Dissenters/Wisconsin">here</a>. </p> <h3><span id="Ballotpedia_Courts:_State_Partisanship_.282020.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Ballotpedia_Courts:_State_Partisanship_(2020)">Ballotpedia Courts: State Partisanship (2020)</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Ballotpedia_Courts:_State_Partisanship" title="Ballotpedia Courts: State Partisanship">Ballotpedia Courts: State Partisanship</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><img alt="Ballotpedia Courts State Partisanship navigation ad.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/b/b6/Ballotpedia_Courts_State_Partisanship_navigation_ad.png" decoding="async" width="3420" height="429" data-file-width="3420" data-file-height="429" /> <i>Last updated: June 15, 2020</i> </p><p>In 2020, Ballotpedia published <i><a href="/Ballotpedia_Courts:_State_Partisanship" title="Ballotpedia Courts: State Partisanship">Ballotpedia Courts: State Partisanship</a></i>, a study examining the partisan affiliation of all state supreme court justices in the country as of June 15, 2020. </p><p>The study presented <i>Confidence Scores</i> that represented our confidence in each justice's degree of partisan affiliation, based on a variety of factors. This was not a measure of where a justice fell on the political or ideological spectrum, but rather a measure of how much confidence we had that a justice was or had been affiliated with a political party. To arrive at confidence scores we analyzed each justice's past partisan activity by collecting data on campaign finance, past political positions, party registration history, as well as other factors. The five categories of <i>Confidence Scores</i> were: </p> <ul><li>Strong Democrat</li> <li>Mild Democrat</li> <li>Indeterminate<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup></li> <li>Mild Republican</li> <li>Strong Republican</li></ul> <p>We used the Confidence Scores of each justice to develop a Court Balance Score, which attempted to show the balance among justices with Democratic, Republican, and Indeterminate Confidence Scores on a court. Courts with higher positive Court Balance Scores included justices with higher Republican Confidence Scores, while courts with lower negative Court Balance Scores included justices with higher Democratic Confidence Scores. Courts closest to zero either had justices with conflicting partisanship or justices with Indeterminate Confidence Scores.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> </p><p>Wisconsin had a Court Balance Score of <b>4.29</b>, indicating <b>Republican control</b> of the court. In total, the study found that there were 15 states with Democrat-controlled courts, 27 states with Republican-controlled courts, and eight states with Split courts. The map below shows the court balance score of each state. </p> <div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="SSC by state.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/7/75/SSC_by_state.png/600px-SSC_by_state.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="410" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/7/75/SSC_by_state.png/900px-SSC_by_state.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/7/75/SSC_by_state.png 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="682" /></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <h3><span id="Bonica_and_Woodruff_campaign_finance_scores_.282012.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Bonica_and_Woodruff_campaign_finance_scores_(2012)">Bonica and Woodruff campaign finance scores (2012)</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Bonica_and_Woodruff_campaign_finance_scores_of_state_supreme_court_justices,_2012" title="Bonica and Woodruff campaign finance scores of state supreme court justices, 2012">Bonica and Woodruff campaign finance scores of state supreme court justices, 2012</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In October 2012, political science professors Adam Bonica and Michael Woodruff of Stanford University attempted to determine the partisan outlook of state supreme court justices in their paper, "State Supreme Court Ideology and 'New Style' Judicial Campaigns." A score above 0 indicated a more conservative-leaning ideology while scores below 0 were more liberal. The state Supreme Court of <a href="/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> was given a campaign finance score (CFscore), which was calculated for judges in October 2012. At that time, <a href="/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> received a score of <b>0.42</b>. Based on the justices selected, <b><a href="/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> was the 11th most conservative court</b>. The study was based on data from campaign contributions by judges themselves, the partisan leaning of contributors to the judges, or—in the absence of elections—the ideology of the appointing body (governor or legislature). This study was not a definitive label of a justice but rather an academic gauge of various factors.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> </p><p>The following table lists all seven Wisconsin Supreme Court justices and their ideology scores: </p> <table class="bptable blue sortable" style="background:none; text-align: center; width:750px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6" style="background-color:#008000; color: white;">State Supreme Court Ideology </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>State</b> </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Justice</b> </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Ideology Score</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin</a></td> <td><a href="/Shirley_Abrahamson" title="Shirley Abrahamson">Shirley Abrahamson</a></td> <td>-1.29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin</a></td> <td><a href="/Ann_Bradley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Bradley">Ann Bradley</a></td> <td>-0.39 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin</a></td> <td><a href="/Patrick_Crooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Crooks">Patrick Crooks</a></td> <td>0.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin</a></td> <td><a href="/Patience_Roggensack" title="Patience Roggensack">Patience Roggensack</a></td> <td>0.67 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin</a></td> <td><a href="/Annette_Ziegler" title="Annette Ziegler">Annette Ziegler</a></td> <td>1.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin</a></td> <td><a href="/David_Prosser" class="mw-redirect" title="David Prosser">David Prosser</a></td> <td>0.77 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin</a></td> <td><a href="/Mike_Gableman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Gableman">Mike Gableman</a></td> <td>1.35 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Noteworthy_cases"><a href="/Noteworthy_cases_coverage_at_Ballotpedia" title="Noteworthy cases coverage at Ballotpedia">Noteworthy cases</a></span></h2> <p>The following are noteworthy cases heard before the Wisconsin Supreme Court. For a full list of opinions published by the court, click <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://wscca.wicourts.gov/caseSearchPage.do;jsessionid=C955C7AF32538F1045EA85BA4B0862DF">here</a>. Know of a case we should cover here? Let us know by <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="mailto:editor@ballotpedia.org">emailing us</a>. </p> <table width="85%" class="collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">  • <b><span style="font-size:115%;">Wisconsin Supreme Court finds state legislative maps in violation of the state constitution</span></b><span style="font-size:80%;"> <i>(<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/WI-Supreme-Court-ruling.pdf">Clarke v. Wisconsin Elections Commission</a>, 2023AP1399-OA)</i><br /></span></td><th style="text-align:right"><small><i>Click for summary→</i></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <p>In a 4-3 decision on Dec. 22, 2023, the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a> ruled that the state’s legislative maps violated the state constitution and ordered the state to draw new maps for the 2024 elections. The justice wrote the following in their majority opinion:<sup id="cite_ref-casesum_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-casesum-22">[22]</a></sup> </p> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;"> <p>We hold that the contiguity requirements in Article IV, Sections 4 and 5 mean what they say: Wisconsin's state legislative districts must be composed of physically adjoining territory. The constitutional text and our precedent support this common-sense interpretation of contiguity. Because the current state legislative districts contain separate, detached territory and therefore violate the constitution's contiguity requirements, we enjoin the Wisconsin Elections Commission from using the current legislative maps in future elections ... Because we enjoin the current state legislative district maps from future use, remedial maps must be drawn prior to the 2024 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-opinion_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opinion-23">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-8">[8]</a></sup> </p> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The original petitioners argued that Wisconsin’s legislative districts violated multiple provisions of the state constitution, including equal protection, freedom of speech and association, separation of powers, and contiguous legislative districts. The state's legislative maps were ordered to be enacted by the Wisconsin Supreme Court in April 2022 after the governor vetoed them and the state legislature failed to override that veto.<sup id="cite_ref-casesum_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-casesum-22">[22]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr></tbody></table> <table width="85%" class="collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">  • <b><span style="font-size:115%;">Supreme Court rules that voter drop boxes may not be used</span></b><span style="font-size:80%;"> <i>(<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=542617">Richard Teigen v. Wisconsin Elections Commission</a>, 2022AP000091)</i><br /></span></td><th style="text-align:right"><small><i>Click for summary→</i></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <p>On June 28, 2021, two Wisconsin voters filed suit in Waukesha County Circuit Court, challenging the legality of guidance by the Wisconsin Elections Commission that allowed for the use of absentee/mail-in ballot drop. On January 13, 2022, the circuit court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs and invalidated the guidance. The Wisconsin Elections Commission appealed, and the intermediate appellate court stayed the circuit court's order through the February 15, 2022, primary election. The plaintiffs petitioned the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a> to vacate the stay. On January 28, 2022, the high court declined to vacate the appellate court's stay. On February 2, 2022, the Wisconsin Elections Commission petitioned the state supreme court to extend the appellate court's stay through the April 5, 2022, election and resolution of the case on the merits. On February 11, 2022, the Wisconsin Supreme Court issued a 4-3 ruling that allowed the circuit court's ban on absentee/mail-in ballot drop-boxes to take effect in the April 5, 2022, election.<span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many</span> </p><p>The court majority – comprising Justices Annette Ziegler, Rebecca Bradley, Patience Drake Roggensack, and Brian Hagedorn – said, "The record before us, including the timetable for making the necessary administrative changes as outlined by the court of appeals, indicates that the Commission can comply with the circuit court's order so as to ameliorate concerns about voter confusion and election administration before the April 5, 2022, election commences. The need for additional relief in the form of an extended stay has not been established."<span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many</span> </p><p>Justice Ann Walsh Bradley dissented: "Once again, a majority of this court makes it more difficult to vote. With apparent disregard for the confusion it is causing, the majority provides next to no notice to municipal clerks, changing procedures at the eleventh hour and applying different procedures from those that applied to the primary in the very same election cycle." Justices Rebecca Frank Dallet and Jill J. Karofsky joined Bradley's dissent.<span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many</span> </p><p>On July 8, 2022, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled 4-3 that state law prohibited the use of most drop boxes for returning absentee ballots.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> Justice Rebecca Bradley, writing for the majority, said, "The key phrase is 'in person' and it must be assigned its natural meaning. 'In person' denotes 'bodily presence' and the concept of doing something personally." In a dissent, Justice Ann Walsh Bradley wrote, "[The majority] has seemingly taken the opportunity to make it harder to vote or to inject confusion into the process whenever it has been presented with the opportunity. Without justification, [the majority] fans the flames of electoral doubt that threaten our democracy."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr></tbody></table> <table width="85%" class="collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">  • <b><span style="font-size:115%;">Supreme Court overturns Wisconsin's stay-at-home order</span></b><span style="font-size:80%;"> <i>(<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=260868">Wisconsin Legislature v. Palm, et al.</a>, 2020AP765-OA)</i><br /></span></td><th style="text-align:right"><small><i>Click for summary→</i></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <p>On May 13, the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a> ruled 4-3 that Wisconsin Department of Health Services Secretary-designee Andrea Palm overstepped her authority when she extended the state's stay-at-home order through May 26 on behalf of Gov. Evers.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> The decision made Wisconsin the first state to have a stay-at-home order overruled by a court. </p><p>On April 21, 2020, the <a href="/Wisconsin_State_Legislature" title="Wisconsin State Legislature">Wisconsin State Legislature</a> filed suit in the state supreme court against Wisconsin Department of Health Services executives Andrea Palm and Julie Willems Van Dijk, alleging that they exceeded their authority in issuing Emergency Order 28, which extended the state's stay-at-home order to May 26, 2020. The legislature asked the court to enjoin the state from enforcing the stay-at-home order.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> </p><p>In a joint statement, Assembly Speaker <a href="/Robin_Vos" title="Robin Vos">Robin Vos</a> (R) and Senate Majority Leader <a href="/Scott_Fitzgerald" title="Scott Fitzgerald">Scott Fitzgerald</a> (R) said, "The governor has denied the people a voice through this unprecedented administrative overreach. Unfortunately, that leaves the legislature no choice but to ask the Supreme Court to rein in this obvious abuse of power. Wisconsinites deserve certainty, transparency, and a plan to end the constant stream of executive orders that are eroding both the economy and their liberty even as the state is clearly seeing a decline in COVID infections."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> </p><p>In the majority opinion, chief justice <a href="/Patience_Roggensack" title="Patience Roggensack">Patience Roggensack</a> and justices <a href="/Rebecca_Bradley" title="Rebecca Bradley">Rebecca Bradley</a>, <a href="/Daniel_Kelly" title="Daniel Kelly">Daniel Kelly</a>, and <a href="/Annette_Ziegler" title="Annette Ziegler">Annette Ziegler</a> wrote, "an agency cannot confer on itself the power to dictate the lives of law-abiding individuals as comprehensively as the order does without reaching beyond the executive branch's authority."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><i>For more information on this decision, see: <a href="/Wisconsin_stay-at-home_order_lawsuit_and_supreme_court_decision,_2020_(Wisconsin_Legislature_v._Palm,_et_al.)" title="Wisconsin stay-at-home order lawsuit and supreme court decision, 2020 (Wisconsin Legislature v. Palm, et al.)">Wisconsin stay-at-home order lawsuit and supreme court decision, 2020 (Wisconsin Legislature v. Palm, et al.)</a></i></dd></dl> <table width="85%" class="collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">  • <b><span style="font-size:115%;">Supreme Court rules legislature's lame-duck session was constitutional</span></b><span style="font-size:80%;"> <i>(<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=242640">League of Women Voters v. Tony Evers</a>, 2019AP559)</i><br /></span></td><th style="text-align:right"><small><i>Click for summary→</i></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <p>In a 4-3 decision, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled on June 21, 2019, that the state legislature’s December 2018 lame duck session was constitutional. The League of Women Voters, plaintiffs in the case, had argued that the state’s constitution did not allow lawmakers to call an extraordinary session, making the December session and all actions resulting from it unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup> </p><p>Judge Jessica Bradley authored the court’s majority opinion, stating: “We hold that extraordinary sessions do not violate the Wisconsin Constitution because the text of our constitution directs the Legislature to meet at times as ‘provided by law,’ and Wis. Stat. § 13.02(3) provides the law giving the Legislature the discretion to construct its work schedule, including preserving times for it to meet in an extraordinary session."<sup id="cite_ref-lameduck_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lameduck-32">[32]</a></sup> </p><p>Judge Rebecca Dallet wrote a dissenting opinion: "The Legislature's ability to determine the rules of its proceedings pursuant to Article IV, Section 8 does not swallow up the meeting requirements of Article IV, Section 11 or allow it to wield unbridled power.”<sup id="cite_ref-lameduck_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lameduck-32">[32]</a></sup> </p><p>During the December 2018 session, Wisconsin lawmakers voted to check the ability of the governor to remove Wisconsin from a multi-state lawsuit to challenge the Affordable Care Act, limit early voting in Wisconsin, and give more power over the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation to state lawmakers.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup> </p><p>Wisconsin Gov. Tony Evers (D) responded to the ruling: “The state constitution is clear. It limits when the legislature can meet to pass laws. Our framers knew that no good comes from lawmakers rushing laws through at the last minute without public scrutiny. The lame-duck session proves the framers were right. This was an attack on the will of the people, our democracy, and our system of government.”<sup id="cite_ref-statement_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statement-34">[34]</a></sup> </p><p>Assembly Speaker Robin Vos and Senate Majority Leader Scott Fitzgerald called the decision “common sense.” “The Court upheld a previously non-controversial legislative practice used by both parties for decades to enact some of the most important laws in the state,” they wrote.<sup id="cite_ref-statement_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statement-34">[34]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table width="85%" class="collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">  • <b><span style="font-size:115%;">Supreme Court refuses to allow John Doe probe to restart (2015)</span></b><br />     <span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:80%;"><i>Judge(s):<a href="/Michael_Gableman" title="Michael Gableman">Michael Gableman</a>, <a href="/David_Prosser" class="mw-redirect" title="David Prosser">David Prosser</a>, <a href="/Patience_Roggensack" title="Patience Roggensack">Patience Roggensack</a>, <a href="/Annette_Ziegler" title="Annette Ziegler">Annette Ziegler</a></i></span><span style="font-size:80%;"> <i>(<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=156523">Three Unnamed Petitioners v. Gregory A. Peterson</a>, 2013AP2504-W)</i><br /></span></td><th style="text-align:right"><small><i>Click for summary→</i></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <p>On December 2, 2015, the Wisconsin Supreme Court reasserted and clarified its <a href="/Three_Unnamed_Petitioners_v._Gregory_A._Peterson" title="Three Unnamed Petitioners v. Gregory A. Peterson">July decision</a> that the <a href="/John_Doe_investigations_related_to_Scott_Walker#John_Doe_II" title="John Doe investigations related to Scott Walker">John Doe investigations</a> were unconstitutional. The court barred attorney <a href="/Francis_Schmitz" title="Francis Schmitz">Francis Schmitz</a> from continued involvement in the case.<sup id="cite_ref-wtimes_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wtimes-35">[35]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><i>For more information on this decision, see <a href="/Three_Unnamed_Petitioners_v._Gregory_A._Peterson" title="Three Unnamed Petitioners v. Gregory A. Peterson">Three Unnamed Petitioners v. Gregory A. Peterson</a></i></dd></dl> <table width="85%" class="collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">  • <b><span style="font-size:115%;">Supreme Court halts John Doe investigation (2015)</span></b><br />     <span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:80%;"><i>Judge(s):<a href="/David_Prosser" class="mw-redirect" title="David Prosser">David Prosser</a></i></span><span style="font-size:80%;"> <i>(<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.html?content=html&seqNo=144526">Three Unnamed Petitioners v. Gregory A. Peterson</a>, 2013AP296-OA)</i><br /></span></td><th style="text-align:right"><small><i>Click for summary→</i></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <p>On July 16, 2015, the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a> ruled in a 4-2 decision to officially halt the John Doe II investigation. The court combined three cases—<i><a href="/Two_Unnamed_Petitioners_v._Gregory_A._Peterson" title="Two Unnamed Petitioners v. Gregory A. Peterson">Two Unnamed Petitioners v. Gregory A. Peterson and Francis D. Schmitz</a></i> (<i>Two Unnamed Petitioners</i>); <i>Three Unnamed Petitioners v. Gregory A. Peterson</i> (<i>Three Unnamed Petitioners</i>); and <i><a href="/Francis_D._Schmitz_v._Gregory_A._Peterson" title="Francis D. Schmitz v. Gregory A. Peterson">Francis D. Schmitz v. Gregory A. Peterson</a></i> (<i>Schmitz v. Peterson</i>)—into one, thereby simultaneously ruling on all three. In its ruling, the Supreme Court criticized Special Prosecutor <a href="/Francis_Schmitz" title="Francis Schmitz">Francis Schmitz</a>'s handling of the case and declared the actions of Chisholm and Schmitz were violations of the targets' <a href="/Bill_of_Rights,_United_States_Constitution#Amendment_I" title="Bill of Rights, United States Constitution">First Amendment rights</a> to political speech.<sup id="cite_ref-decision_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decision-36">[36]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><i>For more information on this decision, see <a href="/Three_Unnamed_Petitioners_v._Gregory_A._Peterson" title="Three Unnamed Petitioners v. Gregory A. Peterson">Three Unnamed Petitioners v. Gregory A. Peterson</a></i></dd></dl> <table width="85%" class="collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">  • <b><span style="font-size:115%;">Justice recuses himself from DUI case (2015)</span><span style="font-size:80%;"></span></b></td><th style="text-align:right"><small><i>Click for summary→</i></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a> Justice <a href="/David_Prosser" class="mw-redirect" title="David Prosser">David Prosser</a> voluntarily recused himself from a case before the high court. Allegedly, Prosser contacted a lab that conducted tests on specimens in a drunk driving case and asked questions specifically related to the case. Judges are barred by a judicial code of conduct from seeking out evidence on their own; they must make decisions based upon the evidence presented at trial. In the case of appellate judges, they are bound to review only the record, which includes evidence presented at pre-trial evidentiary hearings or trial. <p>The case is important because it has the possibility of settling the question of when analysts must testify in DUI cases. With Prosser out, there are only six justices left to hear the case, meaning the decision could be a tie. The state's intermediate appellate court affirmed the underlying conviction, but said that this particular question arises often enough that the supreme court should settle the matter. </p><p>It is likely that Justice Prosser was not behaving shady. According to Maurer School of Law Professor Charles Geyh, </p> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">Well-intentioned, justice-seeking judges sometimes let their curiosity get the best of them and initiate investigations on their own, even though they should know better — meaning that the conduct is not necessarily nefarious.<sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-8">[8]</a></sup> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%"><cite style="font-style: normal;font-size: smaller; float: right;">—Charles Geyh, Law professor<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Prosser recused himself from the case on February 27, 2015. </p><p><b>Articles:</b> <small> </small></p><small> <dl><dd><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/david-prosser-turned-sleuth-in-owi-case-before-high-court-b99474570z1-298602081.html"><i>Journal Sentinel</i>, "David Prosser turned sleuth in OWI case before high court," April 3, 2015</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.channel3000.com/news/state-high-court-judge-may-have-broken-rule-by-quizzing-lab/32191916"><i>Channel 3000</i>, "State high court judge may have broken rule by quizzing lab," April 4, 2015</a></li></ul></dd></dl> </small></td></tr></tbody></table> <table width="85%" class="collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">  • <b><span style="font-size:115%;">Wisconsin man's privacy not violated by GPS tracking (2013)</span></b><span style="font-size:80%;"></span></td><th style="text-align:right"><small><i>Click for summary→</i></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <p>The <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a> ruled that the police did not violate a man's privacy after installing a GPS tracker in his car without his knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-republic_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-republic-39">[39]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fox_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-40">[40]</a></sup> In 2007, <b>James Brereton</b> was a suspect in multiple burglaries in <a href="/Walworth_County,_Wisconsin_(Judicial)" title="Walworth County, Wisconsin (Judicial)">Walworth</a> and <a href="/Rock_County,_Wisconsin_(Judicial)" title="Rock County, Wisconsin (Judicial)">Rock</a> counties. Police impounded Brereton's vehicle during the course of investigating the crimes, and subsequently placed a GPS device in the car.<sup id="cite_ref-republic_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-republic-39">[39]</a></sup> Before placing the GPS in the vehicle, law enforcement sought and were granted a warrant from the <a href="/Walworth_County_Circuit_Court,_Wisconsin" title="Walworth County Circuit Court, Wisconsin">Walworth County Circuit Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sf_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sf-41">[41]</a></sup> Four days after the installation, Brereton was apprehended at a home that had just been burglarized, and incriminating evidence was found at the scene.<sup id="cite_ref-republic_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-republic-39">[39]</a></sup> </p><p>Brereton challenged the use of the GPS, seeking to suppress evidence found as a result of its use. Brereton and his attorney contended that real-time tracking was not covered by the warrant.<sup id="cite_ref-sf_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sf-41">[41]</a></sup> The <a href="/Wisconsin_Court_of_Appeals" title="Wisconsin Court of Appeals">Wisconsin Court of Appeals</a> heard Brereton's challenge, but sided with law enforcement, noting that tracking is a reasonable execution of the warrant for GPS installation.<sup id="cite_ref-sf_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sf-41">[41]</a></sup> On February 6, 2013, the supreme court upheld the lower appeals court's ruling; the decision was 6 to 1 in favor of law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-republic_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-republic-39">[39]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr></tbody></table> <table width="85%" class="collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">  • <b><span style="font-size:115%;">Collective bargaining (2011)</span></b><br />     <span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:80%;"><i>Judge(s):<a href="/Maryann_Sumi" title="Maryann Sumi">Maryann Sumi</a></i></span><span style="font-size:80%;"></span></td><th style="text-align:right"><small><i>Click for summary→</i></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <p>In March 2011, Judge <a href="/Maryann_Sumi" title="Maryann Sumi">Maryann Sumi</a> declared an injunction against publishing the Wisconsin Legislature's bill that eliminates collective bargaining for public employees. She found that legislators broke the state's Open Meetings Law, and therefore granted a restraining order against the Secretary of State's publishing of the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> </p><p>On May 26, 2011, Sumi struck down the legislative actions leading to the bill eliminating public employee collective bargaining on the grounds that it violated the state's Open Meetings Law.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup> </p><p>The state's Department of Justice and Department of Administration appealed the decision to the Wisconsin Supreme Court. On June 14, 2011, the court overturned Sumi's ruling, saying in part that it had "usurped the legislative power which the Wisconsin Constitution grants exclusively to the Legislature."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><b>Read the text of the Supreme Court's ruling here: <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=66078">State of Wisconsin vs. Fitzgerald et al (June 14, 2011)</a></b></dd></dl> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr></tbody></table> <table width="85%" class="collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">  • <b><span style="font-size:115%;">Menasha Corporation (2008)</span></b><span style="font-size:80%;"></span></td><th style="text-align:right"><small><i>Click for summary→</i></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <p>The court ruled in favor of Menasha Corp in 2008. The ruling involved the collection of sales tax on computer software purchased by Menasha Corp. </p><p>State law exempts custom software from sales and use tax, but the Wisconsin Department of Revenue claimed that the software purchased by the company was not custom software even though Menasha paid $17 million to customize it. The <b>Wisconsin Tax Appeals Commission</b> initially ruled in favor of the company, but the state then appealed that decision to the Dane County Circuit Court where <b>Judge Steven Ebert</b> overturned the appeals commission ruling. </p><p>The nonpartisan group, Legislative Fiscal Bureau, speculated that the ruling could mean that the state would lose $300 million in sales tax refunds to companies which had already paid similar claims and in diminished sales tax collections.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr></tbody></table> <table width="85%" class="collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">  • <b><span style="font-size:115%;">Access to government records cases</span></b><span style="font-size:80%;"></span></td><th style="text-align:right"><small><i>Click for summary→</i></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <p><i><b><a href="/Milwaukee_Journal_Sentinel_v._Department_of_Administration" title="Milwaukee Journal Sentinel v. Department of Administration">Milwaukee Journal Sentinel v. Department of Administration</a>.</b></i> </p> <dl><dd>In 2009, the supreme court overturned a lower court ruling that said a collective bargaining agreement between a union and a state agency can forbid the agency from releasing names of public employees.</dd></dl> <p><i><b><a href="/WIREdata,_Inc._v._Village_of_Sussex" title="WIREdata, Inc. v. Village of Sussex">WIREdata, Inc. v. Village of Sussex</a>.</b></i> </p> <dl><dd>In this June 2008 decision, the court ruled that three Wisconsin municipalities did not violate the Wisconsin Open Records Law when they failed to give a real estate listing service access to property assessment records in a computer database. The decision ran to 1,143 pages.</dd></dl> <p><i><b><a href="/State_of_Wisconsin_v._Beaver_Dam_Area_Development_Corporation" title="State of Wisconsin v. Beaver Dam Area Development Corporation">State of Wisconsin v. Beaver Dam Area Development Corporation</a></b></i> </p> <dl><dd>This 4-2 decision of the court from 2008 clarified when nominally private entities (in this case, the Beaver Dam Area Development Corporation) are subject to the public records and open meetings laws.</dd></dl> <p><i><b><a href="/Hempel_v._City_of_Baraboo" title="Hempel v. City of Baraboo">Hempel v. City of Baraboo</a>.</b></i> </p> <dl><dd>In this 2005 decision, the court upheld a lower court order denying a records request made under the Wisconsin Open Records Law by Hal Hempel, a police officer of the Baraboo police department. Hempel sought records of an internal investigation conducted about allegations against him to the effect that he had harassed female officers in the department. The case centered on two key components of the Wisconsin Open Records law: Wis. Stat. § 19.35(1)(a) and Wis. Stat. § 19.35(1)(am) - and the statutory exceptions therein. <a href="/Shirley_Abrahamson" title="Shirley Abrahamson">Abrahamson</a> dissented from the majority, and was joined by <a href="/Ann_Walsh_Bradley" title="Ann Walsh Bradley">Bradley</a> and <a href="/Louis_Butler" title="Louis Butler">Butler</a>.</dd></dl> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Historic_cases">Historic cases</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/File:Wisconsin_capitol_night_0863.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Wisconsin_capitol_night_0863.jpg/300px-Wisconsin_capitol_night_0863.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="341" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Wisconsin_capitol_night_0863.jpg/450px-Wisconsin_capitol_night_0863.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Wisconsin_capitol_night_0863.jpg/600px-Wisconsin_capitol_night_0863.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2500" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:Wisconsin_capitol_night_0863.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The Wisconsin state capitol in Madison, which houses the Wisconsin Supreme Court</div></div></div> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="20th_Century">20th Century</span></h4> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases23.pdf">Risser v. Klauser (1997)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases22.pdf">Libertarian Party of Wisconsin v. Thompson (1996)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases21.pdf">Thompson v. Benson (1996)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases20.pdf">State v. Mitchell (1992)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases19.pdf">State v. Stevens (1985)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases18.pdf">State v. Yoder (1971)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases17.pdf">State ex rel. Drankovich v. Murphy (1945)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases16.pdf">John F. Jelke Company v. Emery (1927)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases15.pdf">Wait v. Pierce (1926)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases14.pdf">Borgnis and others v. The Falk Company (1911)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases13.pdf">Nunnemacher v. State (1906)</a></li></ul> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="19th_Century">19th Century</span></h4> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases12.pdf">The State ex rel. Attorney General v. Cunningham and The State ex rel. Lamb v. Cunningham (1892)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases11.pdf">State ex rel. Weiss and others vs. District Board, etc. (1890)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases10.pdf">Brown v. Phillips and others (1888)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases08.pdf">Motion to admit Miss Lavinia Goodell to the Bar of this Court and Application of Miss Goodell (1875 & 1879)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases07.pdf">Attorney General v. Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company (1874)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases05.pdf">Whiting v. Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railroad Company (1870)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases06.pdf">Gillespie v. Palmer and others (1866)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases04.pdf">In re Kemp (1863)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases03.pdf">Chamberlain v. Milwaukee and Mississippi Railroad (1860)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases02.pdf">Attorney General ex rel. Bashford v. Barstow (1856)</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases01.pdf">In Re: Booth (1854)</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Ethics">Ethics</span></h2> <p>The <b>Wisconsin Code of Judicial Conduct</b> sets forth ethical guidelines and principles for the conduct of judges and judicial candidates in <a href="/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>. It consists of seven Supreme Court Rules: </p> <ul><li><b>Rule 60.01:</b> Definitions.</li> <li><b>Rule 60.02:</b> A judge shall uphold the integrity and independence of the judiciary.</li> <li><b>Rule 60.03:</b> A judge shall avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety in all of the judge's activities.</li> <li><b>Rule 60.04:</b> A judge shall perform the duties of judicial office impartially and diligently.</li> <li><b>Rule 60.05:</b> A judge shall so conduct the judge's extra-judicial activities as to minimize the risk of conflict with judicial obligations.</li> <li><b>Rule 60.06:</b> A judge or judicial candidate shall refrain from inappropriate political activity.</li> <li><b>Rule 60.07:</b> Applicability.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup></li></ul> <p>The full text of the <b>Wisconsin Code of Judicial Conduct</b> can be found <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/scrule/DisplayDocument.html?content=html&seqNo=27626">here</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Removal_of_judges">Removal of judges</span></h3> <p>Court of Appeals judges in <a href="/Courts_in_Wisconsin" title="Courts in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> may be removed in one of four ways: </p> <ul><li>By the Supreme Court, on the recommendation of the <a href="/Wisconsin_Judicial_Commission" title="Wisconsin Judicial Commission">Wisconsin Judicial Commission</a>.</li> <li>By a two-thirds vote of the Senate, upon impeachment by a majority vote of the Assembly.</li> <li>By the governor, upon address of both houses of the legislature with concurrence of two thirds of each house.</li> <li>By the voters through a recall election.</li></ul> <p> </p><div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351706778-0"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1548351706778-0'); }); </script> </div><div id="div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3050" class="publirAds"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (event.slot.getSlotElementId() == "div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3050") {googletag.display("div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3050");} });});</script></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History_of_the_court">History of the court</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/File:WI_Supreme_Court_room.png" class="image"><img alt="WI Supreme Court room.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/6/69/WI_Supreme_Court_room.png/300px-WI_Supreme_Court_room.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="223" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/6/69/WI_Supreme_Court_room.png/450px-WI_Supreme_Court_room.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/6/69/WI_Supreme_Court_room.png/600px-WI_Supreme_Court_room.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="804" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:WI_Supreme_Court_room.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div></div></div></div> <p>Wisconsin became a territory in 1836. Before that time it was part of the Northwest Territory (1788-1800), the territory of Indiana (1800-1809), the territory of Illinois (1809-1818), and the territory of Michigan (1818-1836).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup> The Wisconsin territory had three judges, appointed by the U.S. president, for lifetime terms with good behavior. The judges were responsible for riding circuit in the three territorial districts established by the territorial legislature and they met yearly in Madison to hear appeals as a supreme court. The 1836 <a href="/Organic_statute" title="Organic statute">Organic statute</a> provided the supreme court and the district courts chancery and common law jurisdiction. From 1839 (when the court first met as a full bench), until 1847 the court tried 135 cases, two of which were carried to the United States Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup> Wisconsin achieved statehood in 1848. The <a href="/Wisconsin_Constitution" title="Wisconsin Constitution">Wisconsin Constitution</a>, still in use today, provided for five judges from five judicial districts elected for six-year terms. The judges presided over the circuit courts and met at least once per year as a supreme court. In 1853, the legislature instituted an official, separate supreme court, composed of three justices, to be elected statewide for ten-year terms.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> </p><p>In 1877, state voters passed the <a href="/Wisconsin_Question_1,_Supreme_Court_Justices_Amendment_(1877)" title="Wisconsin Question 1, Supreme Court Justices Amendment (1877)">Wisconsin Question 1, Supreme Court Justices Amendment (1877)</a> constitutional amendment providing for five justices on the supreme court. In 1903, voters passed the <a href="/Wisconsin_Question_1,_Supreme_Court_Justices_Amendment_(April_1903)" title="Wisconsin Question 1, Supreme Court Justices Amendment (April 1903)">Wisconsin Question 1, Supreme Court Justices Amendment (April 1903)</a>, increasing the number of justices on the court to seven, where it remains today.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup> </p><p>Procedures for choosing the chief justice changed for the state supreme court over time. Initially, the constitution called for statewide voters to elect a chief justice. In 1889, the <a href="/Wisconsin_State_Supreme_Court_Justices_Amendment,_Question_1_(April_1889)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisconsin State Supreme Court Justices Amendment, Question 1 (April 1889)">Wisconsin State Supreme Court Justices Amendment, Question 1 (April 1889)</a> constitutional amendment provided that the chief justice would be the longest-serving member of the court. In 2015, voters passed the <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_Chief_Justice_Amendment,_Question_1_(April_2015)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court Chief Justice Amendment, Question 1 (April 2015)">Wisconsin Supreme Court Chief Justice Amendment, Question 1 (April 2015)</a> providing that the chief justice would be elected by the justices of the court.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> </p><p>A <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Wisconsin_1977_ballot_measures">series of constitutional amendments</a> in 1978 modified the court further. One created the Wisconsin court of appeals, providing a second appellate court in the state, and thereby reducing the appellate burden on the supreme court. Another unified the state court system under the administrative authority of the supreme court. Other amendments created a disciplinary system for judges and justices, under the authority of the supreme court; and authorized the state legislature to set a mandatory retirement age of seventy or above for judges and justices.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the legislature passed the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2009/proposals/sb40">"Impartial Justice Bill,"</a> creating public financing for justice of the supreme court elections. Before its passage, all seven of the current members of the state supreme court wrote a letter to the governor in support of the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Former_justices">Former justices</span></h3> <table class="bptable blue collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">This is a chronological list of former <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a> justices<br />from 1848 to present.<sup id="cite_ref-portraits_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-portraits-55">[55]</a></sup><br /> <p><small><i>Click "show" to expand.</i></small> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white;">Justice </th> <th style="background-color:#00008B; color: white;">Years on Court </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Alexander_W._Stow" title="Alexander W. Stow">Alexander W. Stow</a> </td> <td>1848-1851 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Levi_Hubbell" title="Levi Hubbell">Levi Hubbell</a> </td> <td>1848-1853 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Edward_V._Whiton" title="Edward V. Whiton">Edward V. Whiton</a> </td> <td>1848-1859 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Charles_H._Larrabee" title="Charles H. Larrabee">Charles H. Larrabee</a> </td> <td>1848-1853 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Mortimer_M._Jackson" title="Mortimer M. Jackson">Mortimer M. Jackson</a> </td> <td>1848-1853 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Wiram_Knowlton" title="Wiram Knowlton">Wiram Knowlton</a> </td> <td>1850-1853 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Timothy_O._Howe" title="Timothy O. Howe">Timothy O. Howe</a> </td> <td>1851-1853 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Samuel_Crawford" title="Samuel Crawford">Samuel Crawford</a> </td> <td>1853-1855 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Abram_D._Smith" title="Abram D. Smith">Abram D. Smith</a> </td> <td>1853-1859 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Orsamus_Cole" title="Orsamus Cole">Orsamus Cole</a> </td> <td>1855-1892 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Luther_S._Dixon" title="Luther S. Dixon">Luther S. Dixon</a> </td> <td>1859-1874 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Byron_Paine" title="Byron Paine">Byron Paine</a> </td> <td>1859-1864; 1867-1871 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Jason_Downer" title="Jason Downer">Jason Downer</a> </td> <td>1864-1867 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/William_P._Lyon" title="William P. Lyon">William P. Lyon</a> </td> <td>1871-1894 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Edward_G._Ryan" title="Edward G. Ryan">Edward G. Ryan</a> </td> <td>1874-1880 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/David_Taylor_(Wisconsin)" title="David Taylor (Wisconsin)">David Taylor</a> </td> <td>1878-1891 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Harlow_S._Orton" title="Harlow S. Orton">Harlow S. Orton</a> </td> <td>1878-1895 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/John_B._Cassoday" title="John B. Cassoday">John B. Cassoday</a> </td> <td>1880-1907 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/John_B._Winslow" title="John B. Winslow">John B. Winslow</a> </td> <td>1891-1920 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Silas_U._Pinney" title="Silas U. Pinney">Silas U. Pinney</a> </td> <td>1892-1898 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Alfred_W._Newman" title="Alfred W. Newman">Alfred W. Newman</a> </td> <td>1894-1898 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Roujet_D._Marshall" title="Roujet D. Marshall">Roujet D. Marshall</a> </td> <td>1895-1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Charles_V._Bardeen" title="Charles V. Bardeen">Charles V. Bardeen</a> </td> <td>1898-1903 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Joshua_E._Dodge" title="Joshua E. Dodge">Joshua E. Dodge</a> </td> <td>1898-1910 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Robert_G._Siebecker" title="Robert G. Siebecker">Robert G. Siebecker</a> </td> <td>1903-1922 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/James_C._Kerwin" title="James C. Kerwin">James C. Kerwin</a> </td> <td>1905-1921 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/William_H._Timlin" title="William H. Timlin">William H. Timlin</a> </td> <td>1907-1916 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Robert_M._Bashford" title="Robert M. Bashford">Robert M. Bashford</a> </td> <td>1908 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/John_Barnes" title="John Barnes">John Barnes</a> </td> <td>1908-1916 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Aad_J._Vinje" title="Aad J. Vinje">Aad J. Vinje</a> </td> <td>1910-1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Marvin_B._Rosenberry" title="Marvin B. Rosenberry">Marvin B. Rosenberry</a> </td> <td>1916-1950 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Franz_C._Eschweiler" title="Franz C. Eschweiler">Franz C. Eschweiler</a> </td> <td>1916-1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Walter_C._Owen" title="Walter C. Owen">Walter C. Owen</a> </td> <td>1918-1934 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Burr_W._Jones" title="Burr W. Jones">Burr W. Jones</a> </td> <td>1920-1926 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Christian_Doerfler" title="Christian Doerfler">Christian Doerfler</a> </td> <td>1921-1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Charles_H._Crownhart" title="Charles H. Crownhart">Charles H. Crownhart</a> </td> <td>1922-1930 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/E._Ray_Stevens" title="E. Ray Stevens">E. Ray Stevens</a> </td> <td>1926-1930 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Chester_A._Fowler" title="Chester A. Fowler">Chester A. Fowler</a> </td> <td>1929-1948 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Oscar_M._Fritz" title="Oscar M. Fritz">Oscar M. Fritz</a> </td> <td>1929-1954 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Edward_T._Fairchild" title="Edward T. Fairchild">Edward T. Fairchild</a> </td> <td>1930-1957 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/John_D._Wickhem" title="John D. Wickhem">John D. Wickhem</a> </td> <td>1930-1949 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/George_B._Nelson" title="George B. Nelson">George B. Nelson</a> </td> <td>1930-1942 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Theodore_G._Lewis" title="Theodore G. Lewis">Theodore G. Lewis</a> </td> <td>1934 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Joseph_Martin_(Wisconsin)" title="Joseph Martin (Wisconsin)">Joseph Martin</a> </td> <td>1934-1946 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Elmer_E._Barlow" title="Elmer E. Barlow">Elmer E. Barlow</a> </td> <td>1942-1948 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/James_Ward_Rector" title="James Ward Rector">James Ward Rector</a> </td> <td>1946-1947 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Henry_P._Hughes" title="Henry P. Hughes">Henry P. Hughes</a> </td> <td>1948-1951 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/John_E._Martin_(Wisconsin)" title="John E. Martin (Wisconsin)">John E. Martin</a> </td> <td>1948-1962 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Grover_L._Broadfoot" title="Grover L. Broadfoot">Grover L. Broadfoot</a> </td> <td>1948-1962 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Timothy_Brown_(Wisconsin)" title="Timothy Brown (Wisconsin)">Timothy Brown</a> </td> <td>1949-1964 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Edward_J._Gehl" title="Edward J. Gehl">Edward J. Gehl</a> </td> <td>1950-1956 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/George_R._Currie" title="George R. Currie">George R. Currie</a> </td> <td>1951-1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Roland_J._Steinle" title="Roland J. Steinle">Roland J. Steinle</a> </td> <td>1954-1958 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Emmert_L._Wingert" title="Emmert L. Wingert">Emmert L. Wingert</a> </td> <td>1956-1959 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/E._Harold_Hallows" title="E. Harold Hallows">E. Harold Hallows</a> </td> <td>1958-1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/William_H._Dieterich" title="William H. Dieterich">William H. Dieterich</a> </td> <td>1959-1964 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Horace_W._Wilkie" title="Horace W. Wilkie">Horace W. Wilkie</a> </td> <td>1962-1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Bruce_F._Beilfuss" title="Bruce F. Beilfuss">Bruce F. Beilfuss</a> </td> <td>1964-1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Leo_B._Hanley" title="Leo B. Hanley">Leo B. Hanley</a> </td> <td>1966-1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Connor_T._Hansen" title="Connor T. Hansen">Connor T. Hansen</a> </td> <td>1967-1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Robert_W._Hansen" title="Robert W. Hansen">Robert W. Hansen</a> </td> <td>1968-1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Thomas_E._Fairchild" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas E. Fairchild">Thomas E. Fairchild</a> </td> <td>1957-1966 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Myron_Gordon" title="Myron Gordon">Myron Gordon</a> </td> <td>1962-1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Nathan_S._Heffernan" title="Nathan S. Heffernan">Nathan S. Heffernan</a> </td> <td>1964-1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Roland_B._Day" title="Roland B. Day">Roland B. Day</a> </td> <td>1974-1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/William_G._Callow" title="William G. Callow">William G. Callow</a> </td> <td>1977-1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/John_Coffey" title="John Coffey">John Coffey</a> </td> <td>1978-1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Shirley_Abrahamson" title="Shirley Abrahamson">Shirley Abrahamson</a> </td> <td>1979-2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Louis_J._Ceci" title="Louis J. Ceci">Louis J. Ceci</a> </td> <td>1982-1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Donald_W._Steinmetz" title="Donald W. Steinmetz">Donald W. Steinmetz</a> </td> <td>1980-2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/William_A._Bablitch" title="William A. Bablitch">William A. Bablitch</a> </td> <td>1983-2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Jon_Wilcox" title="Jon Wilcox">Jon Wilcox</a> </td> <td>1992-2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Janine_P._Geske" title="Janine P. Geske">Janine P. Geske</a> </td> <td>1993-1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/N._Patrick_Crooks" title="N. Patrick Crooks">N. Patrick Crooks</a> </td> <td>1996-2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/David_T._Prosser" title="David T. Prosser">David T. Prosser</a> </td> <td>1998-2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Diane_S._Sykes" class="mw-redirect" title="Diane S. Sykes">Diane S. Sykes</a> </td> <td>1999-2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Patience_Roggensack" title="Patience Roggensack">Patience Roggensack</a> </td> <td>2003-2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Louis_Butler" title="Louis Butler">Louis Butler</a> </td> <td>2004-2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Michael_Gableman" title="Michael Gableman">Michael Gableman</a> </td> <td>2008-2018 </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_firsts">Notable firsts</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="#19th_Century">Lavinia Goodell</a> was a Janesville attorney and the first woman to apply for admission to the bar of the Wisconsin Supreme Court (at that time, practice before the state’s high court required admission to a separate bar). In the first case in 1875, her application was denied; in the second, following a legislative act that prohibited denial of bar admissions based on gender, she was admitted in 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/Shirley_Abrahamson" title="Shirley Abrahamson">Shirley Abrahamson</a> was the first woman to serve on the Wisconsin Supreme Court and, subsequently, the first female chief justice.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Courts_in_Wisconsin">Courts in Wisconsin</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Courts_in_Wisconsin" title="Courts in Wisconsin">Courts in Wisconsin</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In <b>Wisconsin</b>, there are two federal district courts, a state supreme court, a state court of appeals, and trial courts with both general and limited jurisdiction. These courts serve different purposes, which are outlined in the sections below. </p><p>Click a link for information about that court type. </p> <ul><li><a href="/Courts_in_Wisconsin#Federal_courts" title="Courts in Wisconsin">Federal courts</a></li> <li><a href="/Courts_in_Wisconsin#State_supreme_court" title="Courts in Wisconsin">State supreme court</a></li> <li><a href="/Courts_in_Wisconsin#State_court_of_appeals" title="Courts in Wisconsin">State court of appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/Courts_in_Wisconsin#Trial_courts" title="Courts in Wisconsin">Trial courts</a></li></ul> <p>The image below depicts the flow of cases through Wisconsin's state court system. Cases typically originate in the trial courts and can be appealed to courts higher up in the system. </p> <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px;"><a href="/File:Wisconsin_State_Court_Flow_Chart-update.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/45/Wisconsin_State_Court_Flow_Chart-update.png/400px-Wisconsin_State_Court_Flow_Chart-update.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="309" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/4/45/Wisconsin_State_Court_Flow_Chart-update.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="464" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:Wisconsin_State_Court_Flow_Chart-update.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The structure of Wisconsin's state court system.</div></div></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Party_control_of_Wisconsin_state_government">Party control of Wisconsin state government</span></h2><p> A <b><a href="/State_government_trifectas" title="State government trifectas">state government trifecta</a></b> is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. A state supreme court plays a role in the checks and balances system of a state government. </p><p>Wisconsin has a divided government where neither party holds a <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/State_government_trifectas">trifecta</a>. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor, while the Republican Party controls both chambers of the state legislature.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Noteworthy_events">Noteworthy events</span></h2> <h3><span id="Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_Justice_Ann_Walsh_Bradley_announces_retirement_.28April_2024.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_Justice_Ann_Walsh_Bradley_announces_retirement_(April_2024)">Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice Ann Walsh Bradley announces retirement (April 2024)</span></h3> <p>On April 11, 2024, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a> Justice <a href="/Ann_Walsh_Bradley" title="Ann Walsh Bradley">Ann Walsh Bradley</a> announced she would not seek a fourth 10-year term in <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2025" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2025"> 2025</a>. At the time of her announcement, Bradley said, “I know I can do the job and do it well. I know I can win re-election, should I run. But, it's just time to pass the torch, bringing fresh perspectives to the court.”<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup> Bradley last ran for re-election in <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2015" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2015"> 2015</a>, defeating <a href="/James_Daley_(Wisconsin)" title="James Daley (Wisconsin)"> Jame Daley</a> 58.1% to 41.9%. </p><p><i>The Washington Post's</i> Patrick Marley wrote that the retirement "sets the stage for an intense race for control of the court two years after candidates, political parties and interest groups spent more than $50 million in the most expensive judicial race in U.S. history."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup> </p><p>While <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections">Wisconsin Supreme Court elections</a> are officially nonpartisan, justices and candidates are considered to be liberal or conservative. The court’s 15-year conservative majority tightened in three elections preceding Bradley's announcement. The <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2019" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2019"> 2019 election</a> resulted in conservatives gaining a 5-2 majority, and the <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2020" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2020"> 2020 election</a> resulted in a 4-3 conservative majority. In the <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2023" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2023"> 2023 election</a>, <a href="/Janet_Claire_Protasiewicz" title="Janet Claire Protasiewicz">Janet Claire Protasiewicz</a> defeated <a href="/Daniel_Kelly_(Wisconsin)" title="Daniel Kelly (Wisconsin)"> Daniel Kelly</a> 55.4% to 44.4%, resulting in liberals gaining a 4-3 majority on the court. </p><p>Bradley is part of the court’s liberal majority, and her retirement creates an opportunity in the 2025 election for conservatives to regain a 4-3 majority or for liberals to hold their majority. Conservatives will defend seats in 2026 and 2027, meaning if they do not win a majority in 2025, the next opportunity they have to do so would be the 2028 election. </p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <table class="wikitable;" style="width=100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:330px; text-align:center"><a href="/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </th> <th style="width:330px; text-align:center"><a href="/Judicial_selection_in_the_states" title="Judicial selection in the states">Judicial Selection</a> </th> <th style="width:330px; text-align:center"><a href="/State_courts" title="State courts">More Courts</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin"><img alt="Seal of Wisconsin.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/9b/Seal_of_Wisconsin.png/100px-Seal_of_Wisconsin.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/9b/Seal_of_Wisconsin.png/150px-Seal_of_Wisconsin.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/9b/Seal_of_Wisconsin.png/200px-Seal_of_Wisconsin.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></div></td> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Judicial_selection_in_the_states" title="Judicial selection in the states"><img alt="Judicialselectionlogo.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/e7/Judicialselectionlogo.png/120px-Judicialselectionlogo.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/e7/Judicialselectionlogo.png/180px-Judicialselectionlogo.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/e7/Judicialselectionlogo.png/240px-Judicialselectionlogo.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="750" /></a></div></div></td> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/The_Ballotpedia_News_Update" title="The Ballotpedia News Update"><img alt="BP logo.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/f/f3/BP_logo.png/100px-BP_logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="69" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/f/f3/BP_logo.png/150px-BP_logo.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/f/f3/BP_logo.png/200px-BP_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="675" /></a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <center><a href="/Courts_in_Wisconsin" title="Courts in Wisconsin">Courts in Wisconsin</a></center> <center><a href="/Wisconsin_Court_of_Appeals" title="Wisconsin Court of Appeals">Wisconsin Court of Appeals</a></center> <center><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a></center> <center></center> </td> <td> <center><a href="/Judicial_elections" title="Judicial elections">Elections</a>: <a href="/State_judicial_elections,_2025" title="State judicial elections, 2025">2025</a> • <a href="/State_judicial_elections,_2024" title="State judicial elections, 2024">2024</a> • <a href="/State_judicial_elections,_2023" title="State judicial elections, 2023">2023</a> • <a href="/State_judicial_elections,_2022" title="State judicial elections, 2022">2022</a> • <a href="/State_judicial_elections,_2021" title="State judicial elections, 2021">2021</a> • <a href="/State_judicial_elections,_2020" title="State judicial elections, 2020">2020</a> • <a href="/State_judicial_elections,_2019" title="State judicial elections, 2019">2019</a> • <a href="/State_judicial_elections,_2018" title="State judicial elections, 2018">2018</a> • <a href="/State_judicial_elections,_2017" title="State judicial elections, 2017">2017</a></center> <center><a href="/Judicial_appointments_by_governor" title="Judicial appointments by governor">Gubernatorial appointments</a></center> <center><a href="/Judicial_selection_in_Wisconsin" title="Judicial selection in Wisconsin">Judicial selection in Wisconsin</a></center> </td> <td> <center><a href="/Judicial_Branch" title="Judicial Branch">Federal courts</a></center> <center><a href="/State_courts" title="State courts">State courts</a></center> <center><a href="/Local_Courts" title="Local Courts">Local courts</a></center> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/index.htm"><i>Wisconsin Court System</i>, "Supreme Court"</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.wicourts.gov/opinions/soralarguments.htm"><i>Wisconsin Court System</i>, "Supreme court opinions: Oral arguments"</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The salary of the chief justice may be higher than an associate justice.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cases-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cases_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cases_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.wicourts.gov/supreme/sc_statistical.jsp"><i>Wisconsin Court System</i>, "Publications, reports and addresses: Annual reports," accessed September 18, 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/visit.htm"><i>Wisconsin Court System</i>, "Visiting the Supreme Court," accessed August 12, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/04/11/wisconsin-supreme-court-justice-reelection/"><i>The Washington Post</i>, "Wisconsin Supreme Court liberal won’t run again, shaking up race for control," April 11, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/index.htm"><i>Wisconsin Court System</i>,"Supreme Court," accessed July 1, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/index.htm"><i>Wisconsin Court System</i>,"Supreme Court," accessed July 1, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wi-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wi_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://docs.legis.wi.gov/constitution/wi"><i>Wisconsin State Legislature</i>, "Wisconsin Constitution," accessed March 30, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quotedisclaimer-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_8-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_8-1">8.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_8-2">8.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WINCSC-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WINCSC_9-0">9.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WINCSC_9-1">9.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.judicialselection.us/judicial_selection/methods/selection_of_judges.cfm?state="><i>National Center for State Courts</i>, "Methods of Judicial Selection," accessed August 12, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-section4-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-section4_10-0">10.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-section4_10-1">10.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/constitution/wi_unannotated"><i>Wisconsin State Legislature</i>, "Wisconsin Constitution," accessed September 19, 2014</a> <i>(Article VII, Section 4: pg.10)</i> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "section4" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/constitution/wi_unannotated"><i>Wisconsin State Legislature</i>, "Wisconsin Constitution," accessed September 19, 2014</a> <i>(Article VII, Section 24: pg.11)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/8/50/4/f"><i>Wisconsin State Legislature</i>, "8.50 - Special elections," accessed April 19, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/govt-and-politics/claude-covelli-drops-out-of-supreme-court-race/article_b257a74b-aac1-550c-8f9a-d9beb8123bb4.html"><i>Wisconsin State Journal</i>, "Claude Covelli drops out of Supreme Court race," December 22, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-affiliation-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-affiliation_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>This is a nonpartisan election, but where possible Ballotpedia draws on endorsements, court decisions, and other data to infer ideological affiliation.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-election2015-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-election2015_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://gab.wi.gov/elections-voting/2015/spring"><i>Wisconsin Government Accountability Board</i>, "Candidates Registered 2015 Spring Election," January 8, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://elections.wi.gov/elections-voting/results/2015/spring-election"><i>Wisconsin Election Commission</i>, "2015 Spring Election Results," accessed September 19, 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://gab.wi.gov/sites/default/files/2009_SpringEelction_Results_Summary.pdf"><i>Wisconsin Government Accountability Board</i>, "Results of Spring General Election," April 7, 2009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=715271"><i>Wisconsin Court System,</i> "Annual Statistical Report - 2022-2023 Term," October 11, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">An Indeterminate score indicates that there is either not enough information about the justice’s partisan affiliations or that our research found conflicting partisan affiliations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Court Balance Score is calculated by finding the average partisan Confidence Score of all justices on a state supreme court. For example, if a state has justices on the state supreme court with Confidence Scores of 4, -2, 2, 14, -2, 3, and 4, the Court Balance is the average of those scores: 3.3. Therefore, the Confidence Score on the court is Mild Republican. The use of positive and negative numbers in presenting both Confidence Scores and Court Balance Scores should not be understood to that either a Republican or Democratic score is <i>positive</i> or <i>negative.</i> The numerical values represent their distance from zero, not whether one score is better or worse than another.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2169664"><i>Stanford University</i>, "State Supreme Court Ideology and 'New Style' Judicial Campaigns," October 31, 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-casesum-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-casesum_22-0">22.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-casesum_22-1">22.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/wisconsin-legislative-redistricting-challenge/"><i>Democracy Docket</i>, "Wisconsin Legislative Redistricting Challenge (Clarke)," accessed January 2, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opinion-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-opinion_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/WI-Supreme-Court-ruling.pdf"><i>Supreme Court of Wisconsin</i>, "Case No. 2023AP1399-OA," accessed January 2, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/08/us/politics/wisconsin-drop-boxes.html"><i>The New York Times</i>, "Wisconsin Supreme Court Prohibits the Use of Most Drop Boxes for Voting," July 8, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/07/08/1100696685/wisconsin-supreme-court-ballot-drop-boxes-disability-assistance"><i>NPR</i>, "The Wisconsin Supreme Court says ballot drop boxes aren't allowed in the state," July 8, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/wisconsin-supreme-court-blocks-evers-stay-home-extension/2020/05/13/f67f1d58-9565-11ea-87a3-22d324235636_story.html"><i>The Washington Post</i>, "Wisconsin Supreme Court blocks Evers’ stay-home extension," May 13, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://legis.wisconsin.gov/senate/13/fitzgerald/media/1402/20200421-supporting-memorandum-final.pdf"><i>Supreme Court of Wisconsin</i>, "Wisconsin Legislature v. Palm, et al.: Memorandum in Support of Legislature's Emergency Petition for Original Action and Emergency Motion for Temporary Injunction," April 21, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://urbanmilwaukee.com/pressrelease/statement-legislature-takes-gov-evers-to-court/"><i>Uban Milwaukee,</i> "Statement: Legislature Takes Gov. Evers to Court," April 21, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/13/politics/wisconsin-supreme-court-strikes-down-stay-at-home-order/index.html"><i>CNN</i>, "Wisconsin Supreme Court strikes down state's stay-at-home order," May 14, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/2020/05/13/wisconsin-supreme-court-overturns-stay-home-order-tony-evers-coronavirus-covid-19-public-reacts/5187856002/"><i>Milwaukee Journal Sentinel</i>, "Wisconsin Supreme Court strikes down Wisconsin's stay-at-home order that closed businesses to limit spread of coronavirus," May 13, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2019/06/21/734722467/wisconsin-supreme-court-sides-with-gop-lawmakers-to-limit-democratic-governors-p"><i>NPR,</i> "Wisconsin Supreme Court Sides With GOP Lawmakers To Limit Democratic Governor's Power," June 21, 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lameduck-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lameduck_32-0">32.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lameduck_32-1">32.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=242640"><i>Wisconsin Supreme Court,</i> "CASE NO.: 2019AP559," accessed June 22, 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wpr.org/wisconsin-legislature-works-overnight-approve-limiting-gov-elect-tony-evers-power"><i>WRP,</i> "Wisconsin Legislature Works Overnight To Approve Limiting Gov.-Elect Tony Evers' Power," December 5, 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statement-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-statement_34-0">34.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-statement_34-1">34.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wispolitics.com/2019/divided-supreme-court-sides-with-gop-lawmakers-in-lame-duck-lawsuit/"><i>Wisconsin Politics,</i> "Divided Supreme Court sides with GOP lawmakers in lame-duck lawsuit," June 21, 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wtimes-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wtimes_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/dec/2/supreme-court-wont-restart-probe-scott-walker-reca/?page=all">Todd Richmond, <i>Washington Times</i>, "Supreme Court won’t restart probe of Scott Walker recall campaign," December 2, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-decision-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-decision_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>decision</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/govt-and-politics/state-supreme-court-halts-john-doe-probe-looming-over-scott-walkers-presidential-bid/article_50f22c3b-27c9-5906-92e8-ded75ed50954.html"><i>Wisconsin State Journal</i>, "State Supreme Court halts John Doe probe looming over Scott Walker's Presidential bid," July 16, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraphherald.com/news/iowa-illinois-wisconsin/article_e6dcf06c-db0e-11e4-81f0-73fd170102b9.html"><i>Telegraph Herald</i>, "State high court judge may have broken rule by quizzing lab," April 4, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-republic-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-republic_39-0">39.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-republic_39-1">39.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-republic_39-2">39.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-republic_39-3">39.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://wislawjournal.com/2013/02/07/state-high-court-police-ok-to-use-gps-in-burglary-case/"><i>Wisconsin Law Journal</i>, "State high court: Police OK to use GPS in burglary case," February 7, 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fox-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fox_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://wislawjournal.com/2013/02/06/state-supreme-court-rejects-appeal-in-gps-planting/"><i>Wisconsin Law Journal</i>, "Supreme Court rejects appeal in GPS planting," February 6, 2013</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sf-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sf_41-0">41.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sf_41-1">41.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sf_41-2">41.2</a></sup></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>sf</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/govt-and-politics/judge-bars-further-implementation-of-collective-bargaining-law-threatens-sanctions/article_9bb38eb8-5a14-11e0-a6ee-001cc4c03286.html"><i>Wisconsin State Journal</i>, "DOA will enforce union law despite injunction," March 30, 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/govt-and-politics/article_85597736-87a5-11e0-9d62-001cc4c03286.html"><i>Wisconsin State Journal</i>, "Judge strikes down Walker's collective bargaining law, case moves to state Supreme Court," May 26, 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/05/26/wisconsin.collective.bargaining/index.html"><i>CNN</i>, "Wisconsin judge strikes down collective bargaining restrictions," May 26, 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/123859034.html"><i>Milwaukee Journal Sentinel</i>, "Supreme Court reinstates collective bargaining law," June 14, 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.foley.com/en/insights/publications/2008/07/wisconsin-supreme-court-affirms-that-enterprisewid"><i>Foley.com</i>, "Wisconsin Supreme Court Affirms That Enterprise-Wide Software Is Exempt as "Custom" Computer Program," July 11, 2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/scrule/DisplayDocument.html?content=html&seqNo=27626"><i>Wisconsin Court System</i>, "SCR Chapter 60: Code of Judicial Conduct," amended November 20, 1979</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS1602"><i>Wisconsin Historical Society</i>,"Wisconsin Territory," accessed July 1, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4634792"><i>Wisconsin Magazine of History</i>,"Courts and Judges in Wisconsin Territory," accessed July 1, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legis.wisconsin.gov/lc/media/1625/jan8supreme-court.pdf"><i>Wisconsin State Legislature</i>,"Wisconsin Court System," accessed July 1, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legis.wisconsin.gov/lc/media/1625/jan8supreme-court.pdf"><i>Wisconsin State Legislature</i>,"Wisconsin Court System," accessed July 1, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legis.wisconsin.gov/lc/media/1625/jan8supreme-court.pdf"><i>Wisconsin State Legislature</i>,"Wisconsin Court System," accessed July 1, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1749&context=mulr"><i>Marquette Law Review</i>,"Court Reform of 1977: The Wisconsin Supreme Court Ten Years Later," accessed July 1, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wisbar.org/NewsPublications/InsideTrack/Pages/Article.aspx?Volume=1&Issue=16&ArticleID=5597"><i>State Bar of Wisconsin</i>,"Senate judiciary committee approves Impartial Justice Bill, hold hearing on Family Justice Bill, other issues," accessed July 1, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-portraits-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-portraits_55-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>portraits</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/docs/famouscases08.pdf"><i>Wisconsin Court System</i>, "Famous cases: Motion to admit Miss Lavinia Goodell to the Bar of this Court and Application of Miss Goodell," accessed September 19, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wicourts.gov/supreme/docs/041124statement.pdf"><i>Wisconsin Supreme Court</i>, "Press Release," April 11, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/04/11/wisconsin-supreme-court-justice-reelection/"><i>The Washington Post</i>, "Wisconsin Supreme Court liberal won’t run again, shaking up race for control," April 11, 2024</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <p><br /><br /> </p><p> <style type="text/css"> .courts-container { background-color:#fcfcfc; width:100%; border:1px solid black;padding:5px;text-align:center;clear:both; } .courts-header { font-size:150%;background-color:#334aab;color:white;} .courts-container hr {background-color:#f0a236;padding-bottom:2px;} </style> </p> <div class="courts-container"> <div class="courts-header">Wisconsin courts</div> <hr /> <div style="font-size:80%;clear:both;"></div> <p><b>Federal courts:</b> </p><p><a href="/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_7th_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit">Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals</a> • U.S. District Court: <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Wisconsin" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin">Eastern District of Wisconsin</a>, <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Wisconsin" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin">Western District of Wisconsin</a> • U.S. Bankruptcy Court: <a href="/United_States_bankruptcy_court,_Eastern_District_of_Wisconsin" title="United States bankruptcy court, Eastern District of Wisconsin">Eastern District of Wisconsin</a>, <a href="/United_States_bankruptcy_court,_Western_District_of_Wisconsin" title="United States bankruptcy court, Western District of Wisconsin">Western District of Wisconsin</a> </p><p><b>State courts:</b> </p><p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a> • <a href="/Wisconsin_Court_of_Appeals" title="Wisconsin Court of Appeals">Wisconsin Court of Appeals</a> • <a href="/Wisconsin_Circuit_Courts" title="Wisconsin Circuit Courts">Wisconsin Circuit Courts</a> • <a href="/Wisconsin_Municipal_Courts" title="Wisconsin Municipal Courts">Wisconsin Municipal Courts</a> </p><p><b>State resources:</b> </p><p><a href="/Courts_in_Wisconsin" title="Courts in Wisconsin">Courts in Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Wisconsin_judicial_elections" title="Wisconsin judicial elections">Wisconsin judicial elections</a> • <a href="/Judicial_selection_in_Wisconsin" title="Judicial selection in Wisconsin">Judicial selection in Wisconsin</a> </p> </div> <table style="border:1px solid gray; font-size:85%;" class="collapsible collapsed" align="center" width="100%"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccccff;" height="50px"><table width="95%" bgcolor="#ccccff" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td width="75px" bgcolor="white"> <div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/File:Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Wisconsin.svg" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg/75px-Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg/113px-Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg/150px-Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></div> </td><td style="background:#ccccff;" align="center"><div style="float:left; text-align:left; width:6em;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;"><a href="/Template:Wisconsin_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Wisconsin Supreme Court"><span title="View this template" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Wisconsin_Supreme_Court&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:150%; font-weight:bold;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Supreme Court</a><br /><small><a href="/Judicial_selection_in_Wisconsin" title="Judicial selection in Wisconsin">Judicial selection in Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_elections,_2025" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2025">2025 elections</a> • <a href="/Courts_in_Wisconsin" title="Courts in Wisconsin">Courts in Wisconsin</a></small></span> </td></tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#ccccff; width:75px; vertical-align:middle;" align="center">Current judges</td><td align="center"> <big><a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ann_Walsh_Bradley">Ann Walsh Bradley</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Rebecca_Bradley">Rebecca Bradley</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Rebecca_Dallet">Rebecca Dallet</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Brian_Hagedorn">Brian Hagedorn</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jill_Karofsky">Jill Karofsky</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Janet_Claire_Protasiewicz">Janet Claire Protasiewicz</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Annette_Ziegler">Annette Ziegler</a></big></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#ccccff; width:75px; vertical-align:middle;" align="center">Former judges</td><td align="center" bgcolor="#eee"> <big> <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Shirley_Abrahamson">Shirley Abrahamson</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Bruce_F._Beilfuss">Bruce F. Beilfuss</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Louis_Butler">Louis Butler</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/John_B._Cassoday">John B. Cassoday</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Orsamus_Cole">Orsamus Cole</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/N._Patrick_Crooks">N. Patrick Crooks</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Charles_H._Crownhart">Charles H. Crownhart</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/George_R._Currie">George R. Currie</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Luther_S._Dixon">Luther S. Dixon</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Edward_T._Fairchild">Edward T. Fairchild</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Oscar_M._Fritz">Oscar M. Fritz</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Michael_Gableman">Michael Gableman</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/E._Harold_Hallows">E. Harold Hallows</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Daniel_Kelly_(Wisconsin)">Daniel Kelly</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/William_P._Lyon">William P. Lyon</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/John_E._Martin_(Wisconsin)">John E. Martin</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Harlow_S._Orton">Harlow S. Orton</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/David_T._Prosser">David T. Prosser</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Patience_Roggensack">Patience Drake Roggensack</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Marvin_B._Rosenberry">Marvin B. Rosenberry</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Edward_G._Ryan">Edward G. Ryan</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Aad_J._Vinje">Aad J. Vinje</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Edward_V._Whiton">Edward V. Whiton</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Horace_W._Wilkie">Horace W. Wilkie</a>, <a style="font-size: .85em;" href="https://ballotpedia.org/John_B._Winslow">John B. Winslow</a> </big></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:State_supreme_courts" title="Template:State supreme courts"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:State_supreme_courts&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/Category:State_supreme_courts" title="Category:State supreme courts">Supreme Courts</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/United_States_federal_courts" title="United States federal courts">Federal</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/Category:State_supreme_courts" title="Category:State supreme courts">State</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Alabama_Supreme_Court" title="Alabama Supreme Court">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Alaska_Supreme_Court" title="Alaska Supreme Court">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Arizona_Supreme_Court" title="Arizona Supreme Court">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Arkansas_Supreme_Court" title="Arkansas Supreme Court">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/California_Supreme_Court" title="California Supreme Court">California</a> • <a href="/Colorado_Supreme_Court" title="Colorado Supreme Court">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Connecticut_Supreme_Court" title="Connecticut Supreme Court">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Delaware_Supreme_Court" title="Delaware Supreme Court">Delaware</a> • <a href="/District_of_Columbia_Court_of_Appeals" title="District of Columbia Court of Appeals">D.C.</a> • <a href="/Florida_Supreme_Court" title="Florida Supreme Court">Florida</a> • <a href="/Georgia_Supreme_Court" title="Georgia Supreme Court">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Hawaii_Supreme_Court" title="Hawaii 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href="/Ohio_Supreme_Court" title="Ohio Supreme Court">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Oklahoma_Supreme_Court" title="Oklahoma Supreme Court">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Oklahoma_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals">Oklahoma Criminal</a> • <a href="/Oregon_Supreme_Court" title="Oregon Supreme Court">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Pennsylvania_Supreme_Court" title="Pennsylvania Supreme Court">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Rhode_Island_Supreme_Court" title="Rhode Island Supreme Court">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/South_Carolina_Supreme_Court" title="South Carolina Supreme Court">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/South_Dakota_Supreme_Court" title="South Dakota Supreme Court">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Tennessee_Supreme_Court" title="Tennessee Supreme Court">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Texas_Supreme_Court" title="Texas Supreme Court">Texas</a> • <a href="/Texas_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Texas Court of Criminal Appeals">Texas Criminal</a> • <a href="/Utah_Supreme_Court" title="Utah Supreme Court">Utah</a> • <a href="/Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="Vermont Supreme Court">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_Virginia" title="Supreme Court of Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Washington_State_Supreme_Court" title="Washington State Supreme Court">Washington</a> • <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_Appeals_of_West_Virginia" title="Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Wyoming_Supreme_Court" title="Wyoming Supreme Court">Wyoming</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p>   </div></div> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Supreme_Court&oldid=10200800">https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Supreme_Court&oldid=10200800</a>" </div> <div id="catlinks-container" style="display:none"><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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