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<span>Genpei War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genpei_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Branches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clan_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clan_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Clan members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clan_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mon_of_the_Taira" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mon_of_the_Taira"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mon of the Taira</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mon_of_the_Taira-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9)" title="تايرا (عشيرة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تايرا (عشيرة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira--s%C4%AB" title="Taira--sī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Taira--sī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klann_Taira" title="Klann Taira – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Klann Taira" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_Taira" title="Clan Taira – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Clan Taira" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira" title="Taira – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Taira" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_Taira" title="Clan Taira – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clan Taira" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira_klana" title="Taira klana – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taira klana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="خاندان تایرا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاندان تایرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_Taira" title="Clan Taira – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Clan Taira" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%9C" title="헤이시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헤이시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1_%D5%AF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Տաիրա կլան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տաիրա կլան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klan_Taira" title="Klan Taira – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Klan Taira" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_Taira" title="Clan Taira – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Clan Taira" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%98_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="שבט טאירה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שבט טאירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klan_Taira" title="Klan Taira – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Klan Taira" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira_csal%C3%A1d" title="Taira család – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Taira család" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Taira" title="Suku Taira – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Suku Taira" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira_(clan)" title="Taira (clan) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taira (clan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%8F" title="平氏 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="平氏" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3d_Taira" title="Ród Taira – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ród Taira" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A3_Taira" title="Clã Taira – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Clã Taira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Тайра (род) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тайра (род)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira_clan" title="Taira clan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Taira clan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%B5%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="بنەماڵەی تایرا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بنەماڵەی تایرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Клан Таира – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Клан Таира" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira_(klan)" title="Taira (klan) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Taira (klan)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira-klaani" title="Taira-klaani – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taira-klaani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira" title="Taira – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Taira" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தைரா குலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தைரா குலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="ตระกูลไทระ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตระกูลไทระ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira_boyu" title="Taira boyu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taira boyu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тайра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тайра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%82%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%81" title="تائرا قبیلہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تائرا قبیلہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gia_t%E1%BB%99c_Taira" title="Gia tộc Taira – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gia tộc Taira" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%8F" title="平氏 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="平氏" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1079102#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Taira" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Taira_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Taira (disambiguation)">Taira (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Taira</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border: 1px solid #aaa;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #ffffff; background-color: darkblue;">Taira<br /><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平氏</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ageha-cho.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ageha-cho.svg/140px-Ageha-cho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ageha-cho.svg/210px-Ageha-cho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ageha-cho.svg/280px-Ageha-cho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="243" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Mon_(badge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon (badge)"><i>Mon</i></a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Swallowtail_butterfly" title="Swallowtail butterfly">Agehachō</a></i>, the Swallowtail butterfly</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Home province</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hitachi_Province" title="Hitachi Province">Hitachi Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ise_Province" title="Ise Province">Ise Province</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent house</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House of Japan</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Emperor Kanmu</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Titles</th><td class="infobox-data">Various</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Takamochi" title="Taira no Takamochi">Taira no Takamochi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final ruler</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Munemori" title="Taira no Munemori">Taira no Munemori</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founding year</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 825</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cadet branches</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_clan" title="Hōjō clan">Hōjō</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chiba_clan" title="Chiba clan">Chiba</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Miura_clan" title="Miura clan">Miura</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nagao_clan" title="Nagao clan">Nagao</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Uchima" title="Uchima">Uchima</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajiri_clan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajiri clan (page does not exist)">Tajiri</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hatakeyama_clan" title="Hatakeyama clan">Hatakeyama</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Oda_clan" title="Oda clan">Oda</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_clan" title="Tanegashima clan">Tanegashima</a><br />others</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Taira</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平</span></span>)</span> was one of the four most important <a href="/wiki/Japanese_clans" title="Japanese clans">clans</a> that dominated Japanese politics during the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian</a> period of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">Japanese history</a> – the others being the <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_clan" title="Minamoto clan">Minamoto</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_clan" title="Fujiwara clan">Fujiwara</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tachibana_clan_(kuge)" title="Tachibana clan (kuge)">Tachibana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clan is divided into four major groups, named after the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">emperors</a> they descended from: <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Kanmu</a> Heishi, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ninmyō">Ninmyō</a> Heishi, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Montoku</a> Heishi, and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōkō">Kōkō</a> Heishi,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the most influential of which was the Kanmu Heishi line. </p><p>In the twilight of the Heian period, the Taira controlled the boy emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Antoku" title="Emperor Antoku">Antoku</a> (himself the grandson of the powerful <i><a href="/wiki/Kugy%C5%8D" title="Kugyō">Kugyō</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Kiyomori" title="Taira no Kiyomori">Taira no Kiyomori</a>) and had effectively dominated the Imperial capital of <a href="/wiki/Heian-ky%C5%8D" title="Heian-kyō">Heian</a>. However, they were opposed by their rivals the <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_clan" title="Minamoto clan">Minamoto clan</a> (the Genji), which culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Genpei_War" title="Genpei War">Genpei War</a> (1180–1185 AD). The five-year-long war concluded with a decisive Taira defeat in the naval <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dan-no-Ura" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Dan-no-Ura">Battle of Dan-no-Ura</a>, which resulted in the deaths of Antoku and Taira leaders. Following the war, the victorious Minamoto established Japan's <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">first shogunate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kamakura" title="Kamakura">Kamakura</a>. The name "Genpei" comes from <a href="/wiki/On%27yomi" title="On'yomi">alternate readings</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a></i> "Minamoto" (源 <i>Gen</i>) and "Taira" (平 <i>Hei</i>). </p><p>The clan is commonly referred to as <b>Heishi</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平氏</span></span>, "Taira clan")</span> or <b>Heike</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:平家">平家</a></span></span>, "House of Taira")</span>, using the character's <a href="/wiki/Kanji#On'yomi_(Chinese_reading)" title="Kanji">On'yomi</a> <i>hei</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平</span></span>)</span> for <i>Taira</i>, while <i>shi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">氏</span></span>)</span> means "<a href="/wiki/Uji_(clan)" title="Uji (clan)">clan</a>", and <i>ke</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">家</span></span>)</span> is used as a suffix for "<a href="/wiki/Extended_family" title="Extended family">extended family</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clan is the namesake of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_the_Heike" title="The Tale of the Heike">The Tale of the Heike</a></i>, an epic account of the Genpei War. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taira_clan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-of-Japan-1183-Heian-Genpei-War.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map-of-Japan-1183-Heian-Genpei-War.png/220px-Map-of-Japan-1183-Heian-Genpei-War.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map-of-Japan-1183-Heian-Genpei-War.png/330px-Map-of-Japan-1183-Heian-Genpei-War.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map-of-Japan-1183-Heian-Genpei-War.png/440px-Map-of-Japan-1183-Heian-Genpei-War.png 2x" data-file-width="1611" data-file-height="1308" /></a><figcaption>The domain of the Taira clan in Japan (1183)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taira-Clan-Warriors-Ukiyoe-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Taira-Clan-Warriors-Ukiyoe-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png/220px-Taira-Clan-Warriors-Ukiyoe-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Taira-Clan-Warriors-Ukiyoe-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png/330px-Taira-Clan-Warriors-Ukiyoe-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Taira-Clan-Warriors-Ukiyoe-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png/440px-Taira-Clan-Warriors-Ukiyoe-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Warriors of the Taira clan by <a href="/wiki/Utagawa_Yoshitora" title="Utagawa Yoshitora">Utagawa Yoshitora</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Along with the <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_clan" title="Minamoto clan">Minamoto</a>, Taira was one of the honorary surnames given by the emperors of the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a> (794–1185) to their children and grandchildren who were not considered eligible for the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-significance_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-significance-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The clan was founded when the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Court_in_Kyoto" title="Imperial Court in Kyoto">Imperial Court</a> grew too large, and the emperor ordered that the descendants of previous emperors from several generations ago would no longer be princes but would instead be given noble surnames and ranks. The decision became applicable during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Emperor Kanmu</a> (782–805) and thus, together with the Minamoto clan, the Taira clan was born.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some grandchildren of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Emperor Kanmu</a> were the first to bear the name of Taira, after <a href="/wiki/825" title="825">825</a>. Later, descendants of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nimmyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Nimmyo">Emperor Nimmyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Emperor Montoku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Koko" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Koko">Emperor Koko</a> also received the surname. The specific hereditary lines of these emperors are referred to by the posthumous name of the emperor followed by Heishi, for example <i>Kanmu Heishi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-significance_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-significance-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kanmu Heishi line has two major branches. One was founded in <a href="/wiki/889" title="889">889</a> by <a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Takamochi" title="Taira no Takamochi">Taira no Takamochi</a> (great-grandson of the 50th <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Emperor Kanmu</a>, who reigned from <a href="/wiki/781" title="781">781</a> to <a href="/wiki/806" title="806">806</a>) proved to be the strongest and most dominant line during the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A great-grandson of Takamochi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taira_no_Korehira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taira no Korehira (page does not exist)">Taira no Korehira</a>, moved to <a href="/wiki/Ise_Province" title="Ise Province">Ise Province</a> (currently part of <a href="/wiki/Mie_Prefecture" title="Mie Prefecture">Mie Prefecture</a>) and established an important <a href="/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo">Daimyo</a> dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-b_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taira_no_Masamori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taira no Masamori (page does not exist)">Masamori</a>, his grandson; and <a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Tadamori" title="Taira no Tadamori">Tadamori</a>, his great-grandson, became loyal supporters of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shirakawa" title="Emperor Shirakawa">Emperor Shirakawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Toba" title="Emperor Toba">Emperor Toba</a>, respectively. Later, Tadamori's son, <a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Kiyomori" title="Taira no Kiyomori">Taira no Kiyomori</a>, created what was considered the first <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> government in the history of Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-a_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taira no Kiyomori, son and heir of Tadamori, rose to the position of <a href="/wiki/Daij%C5%8D_Daijin" class="mw-redirect" title="Daijō Daijin">Daijō Daijin</a> (great Minister of State), after his victories in the <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dgen_rebellion" title="Hōgen rebellion">Hōgen Rebellion</a> (1156) and the <a href="/wiki/Heiji_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Heiji Rebellion">Heiji Rebellion</a> (1160).<sup id="cite_ref-a_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kiyomori succeeded in enthroning his youngest grandson as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Antoku" title="Emperor Antoku">Emperor Antoku</a> in 1180, an act that led to the <a href="/wiki/Genpei_War" title="Genpei War">Genpei War</a> (Genpei no Sōran, 1180–1185). The last leader of the Kanmu Heishi bloodline, was eventually destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo" title="Minamoto no Yoritomo">Minamoto no Yoritomo</a>'s armies at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dan-no-ura" title="Battle of Dan-no-ura">Battle of Dan-no-ura</a>, the last battle of the Genpei War. This story is told in the <a href="/wiki/Heike_Monogatari" class="mw-redirect" title="Heike Monogatari">Heike Monogatari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This branch of the Kanmu Heishi had many collateral branches, including <a href="/wiki/Hojo_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hojo clan">Hōjō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiba_clan" title="Chiba clan">Chiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miura_clan" title="Miura clan">Miura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hatakeyama_clan" title="Hatakeyama clan">Hatakeyama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-b_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The other major branch of Kanmu Heishi was founded by Takamune-ō (804–867), the eldest son of Prince Imperial Kazurahara and grandson of Emperor Kanmu, who received the title of Taira no <a href="/wiki/Ason" title="Ason">Ason</a> in the year 825.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-b_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of this branch served as middle-class <a href="/wiki/Kuge" title="Kuge">kuge</a> in the Imperial Court of Kyoto. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oda_clan" title="Oda clan">Oda clan</a> at the time of <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> (1534–1582) also claimed Taira descent, they were descendants of <a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Chikazane" title="Taira no Chikazane">Taira no Chikazane</a>, grandson of <a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Shigemori" title="Taira no Shigemori">Taira no Shigemori</a> (1138–1179).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genpei_War">Genpei War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taira_clan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Genpei War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Heiji_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Heiji Rebellion">Heiji Rebellion</a> (1160), the <a href="/wiki/Seiwa_Genji" title="Seiwa Genji">Seiwa Genji</a> leader, <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoshitomo" title="Minamoto no Yoshitomo">Minamoto no Yoshitomo</a>, died in battle. Taira no Kiyomori gained power in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> forging alliances with retired emperors <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shirakawa" title="Emperor Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Toba" title="Emperor Toba">Toba</a>. Kiyomori sent <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo" title="Minamoto no Yoritomo">Minamoto no Yoritomo</a> (1147–1199), the third son of Yoshitomo, into exile. In <a href="/wiki/1180" title="1180">1180</a>, Yoritomo organized a large-scale rebellion against the rule of the Taira (the <a href="/wiki/Genpei_War" title="Genpei War">Genpei War</a> or <i>Taira-Minamoto</i>), culminated with the destruction of the Taira by the <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_clan" title="Minamoto clan">Minamoto clan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sansom_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sansom-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the subjugation of eastern Japan in five years. In <a href="/wiki/1192" title="1192">1192</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo" title="Minamoto no Yoritomo">Minamoto no Yoritomo</a> received the title <a href="/wiki/Shogun" title="Shogun">shogun</a> and created the first <a href="/wiki/Bakufu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakufu">bakufu</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Kamakura" title="Kamakura">Kamakura</a> (Kanagawa Prefecture).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Branches">Branches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taira_clan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Branches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Taira clan had four main branches:<sup id="cite_ref-taira-lineage_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taira-lineage-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Taira Kanmu (Kanmu Heishi, 桓武平氏) – descended from the princes, children of 50th <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Emperor Kanmu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-taira-lineage_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taira-lineage-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Taira Nimmyō (Nimmyō Heishi, 仁明平氏) – descended from the princes, grandchildren of the 54th <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nimmy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Nimmyō">Emperor Nimmyō</a>'s lineage.<sup id="cite_ref-taira-lineage_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taira-lineage-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Taira Montoku (Montoku Heishi, 文徳平氏) – descended from princes, children of 55th <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Emperor Montoku</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-taira-lineage_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taira-lineage-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Taira Kōkō (Kōkō Heishi, 光孝平氏) – descended from the princes, grandchildren of the 58th <a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōkō">Emperor Kōkō</a>'s lineage.<sup id="cite_ref-taira-lineage_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taira-lineage-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clan_members">Clan members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taira_clan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Clan members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These were important members of the Taira clan. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Masakado" title="Taira no Masakado">Taira no Masakado</a> (903–940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Kiyomori" title="Taira no Kiyomori">Taira no Kiyomori</a> (1118–1181)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Shigemori" title="Taira no Shigemori">Taira no Shigemori</a> (1138–1179)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Tadanori" title="Taira no Tadanori">Taira no Tadanori</a> (1144–1184)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Munemori" title="Taira no Munemori">Taira no Munemori</a> (1147–1185)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Tomomori" title="Taira no Tomomori">Taira no Tomomori</a> (1152–1185)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Shigehira" title="Taira no Shigehira">Taira no Shigehira</a> (1158–1185)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Takakiyo" title="Taira no Takakiyo">Taira no Takakiyo</a> (1173–1199)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mon_of_the_Taira">Mon of the Taira</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taira_clan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mon of the Taira"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mon_(badge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon (badge)"><i>mon</i></a> (crest, emblem) of the Taira clan is an Agehanochō (揚羽蝶, <a href="/wiki/Swallowtail_butterfly" title="Swallowtail butterfly">Swallowtail butterfly</a>) with raised wings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taira_clan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoshitsune_aangevallen_door_Taira_geesten-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1979-177.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yoshitsune and Benkei defending themselves in their boat during a storm created by the ghosts of conquered Taira warriors (by Utagawa Kuniyoshi)"><img alt="Yoshitsune and Benkei defending themselves in their boat during a storm created by the ghosts of conquered Taira warriors (by Utagawa Kuniyoshi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Yoshitsune_aangevallen_door_Taira_geesten-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1979-177.jpeg/83px-Yoshitsune_aangevallen_door_Taira_geesten-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1979-177.jpeg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Yoshitsune_aangevallen_door_Taira_geesten-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1979-177.jpeg/125px-Yoshitsune_aangevallen_door_Taira_geesten-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1979-177.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Yoshitsune_aangevallen_door_Taira_geesten-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1979-177.jpeg/167px-Yoshitsune_aangevallen_door_Taira_geesten-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1979-177.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2039" data-file-height="2934" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoshitsune" title="Minamoto no Yoshitsune">Yoshitsune</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benkei" title="Benkei">Benkei</a> defending themselves in their boat during a storm created by the ghosts of conquered Taira warriors (by <a href="/wiki/Utagawa_Kuniyoshi" title="Utagawa Kuniyoshi">Utagawa Kuniyoshi</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taira_clan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_clans" title="Japanese clans">Japanese clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Masakado" title="Taira no Masakado">Taira no Masakado</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taira_clan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGibney1984" class="citation book cs1">Gibney, Frank (1984). <i>Britannica International Encyclopedia</i>. TBS-Britannica. Shisei: "Heishi". <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47462068">47462068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britannica+International+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=Shisei%3A+%22Heishi%22&rft.pub=TBS-Britannica&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47462068&rft.aulast=Gibney&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaira+clan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Sekai Daihyakka Jiten</i>. Japan: Heibonsha. 1972. Heishi. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38097358">38097358</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sekai+Daihyakka+Jiten&rft.place=Japan&rft.pages=Heishi&rft.pub=Heibonsha&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38097358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaira+clan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLebra1995" class="citation book cs1">Lebra, Takie Sugiyama (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xa0wDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72"><i>Above the Clouds: Status Culture of the Modern Japanese Nobility</i></a>. University of California Press, p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520076020" title="Special:BookSources/9780520076020"><bdi>9780520076020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Above+the+Clouds%3A+Status+Culture+of+the+Modern+Japanese+Nobility&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press%2C+p.+72&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780520076020&rft.aulast=Lebra&rft.aufirst=Takie+Sugiyama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxa0wDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaira+clan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-significance-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-significance_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-significance_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlutschow1995" class="citation book cs1">Plutschow, Herbert E. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fNQjDQ-mWYgC&pg=PA112"><i>Japan's Name Culture: The Significance of Names in a Religious, Political and Social Context</i></a>. Psychology Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">112–</span>113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781873410424" title="Special:BookSources/9781873410424"><bdi>9781873410424</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Name+Culture%3A+The+Significance+of+Names+in+a+Religious%2C+Political+and+Social+Context&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E112-%3C%2Fspan%3E113&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781873410424&rft.aulast=Plutschow&rft.aufirst=Herbert+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfNQjDQ-mWYgC%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaira+clan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://samurai-archives.com/HeianPeriod.html">Samurai Archives</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarley1994" class="citation book cs1">Varley, H. Paul (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TBkqqPMgUuwC&pg=PA9"><i>Warriors of Japan: As Portrayed in the War Tales</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824816018" title="Special:BookSources/9780824816018"><bdi>9780824816018</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warriors+of+Japan%3A+As+Portrayed+in+the+War+Tales&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780824816018&rft.aulast=Varley&rft.aufirst=H.+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTBkqqPMgUuwC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaira+clan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZumbo2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zumbo, Daniele (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=66gCAwAAQBAJ&pg=PP7"><i>Un vassallo che cercò di espugnare la Dinastia</i></a> (in Italian). Youcanprint. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788891113221" title="Special:BookSources/9788891113221"><bdi>9788891113221</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+vassallo+che+cerc%C3%B2+di+espugnare+la+Dinastia&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Youcanprint&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9788891113221&rft.aulast=Zumbo&rft.aufirst=Daniele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D66gCAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaira+clan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatsonShirane2006" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Burton; Shirane, Haruo (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OF4aAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA176"><i>The Tales of the Heike</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231510837" title="Special:BookSources/9780231510837"><bdi>9780231510837</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tales+of+the+Heike&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780231510837&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Burton&rft.au=Shirane%2C+Haruo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOF4aAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaira+clan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genjiheikeselect00mccu"><i>Genji & Heike: Selections from The Tale of Genji and The Tale of the Heike</i></a></span>. Stanford University Press. 1994. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genjiheikeselect00mccu/page/250">250</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804766463" title="Special:BookSources/9780804766463"><bdi>9780804766463</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genji+%26+Heike%3A+Selections+from+The+Tale+of+Genji+and+The+Tale+of+the+Heike&rft.pages=250&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780804766463&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgenjiheikeselect00mccu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaira+clan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiraizumi1997" class="citation book cs1">Hiraizumi, Kiyoshi (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JWIUAQAAIAAJ&q=Kanmu+Heishi"><i>The Story of Japan: History from the founding of the nation to the height of Fujiwara prosperity</i></a>. Seisei Kikaku p 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9784916079046" title="Special:BookSources/9784916079046"><bdi>9784916079046</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Japan%3A+History+from+the+founding+of+the+nation+to+the+height+of+Fujiwara+prosperity&rft.pub=Seisei+Kikaku+p+5&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9784916079046&rft.aulast=Hiraizumi&rft.aufirst=Kiyoshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJWIUAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DKanmu%2BHeishi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaira+clan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x5mec8BiZQcC&q=Takamune"><i>Transactions and Proceedings of the Japan Society, London</i></a>. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company, p. 105. 1932.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transactions+and+Proceedings+of+the+Japan+Society%2C+London&rft.pub=Kegan+Paul%2C+Trench%2C+Tr%C3%BCbner+and+Company%2C+p.+105&rft.date=1932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx5mec8BiZQcC%26q%3DTakamune&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaira+clan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlutschow1995" class="citation book cs1">Plutschow (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fNQjDQ-mWYgC&pg=PA156"><i>Japan's Name Culture</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781873410424" title="Special:BookSources/9781873410424"><bdi>9781873410424</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Name+Culture&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781873410424&rft.au=Plutschow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfNQjDQ-mWYgC%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaira+clan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sansom-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sansom_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSansom1958" class="citation book cs1">Sansom, George (1958). <i>A History of Japan to 1334</i>. Stanford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">255–</span>257, 275, <span class="nowrap">289–</span>305. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0804705232" title="Special:BookSources/0804705232"><bdi>0804705232</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan+to+1334&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E255-%3C%2Fspan%3E257%2C+275%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E289-%3C%2Fspan%3E305&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1958&rft.isbn=0804705232&rft.aulast=Sansom&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaira+clan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/shogun">"shogun | Japanese title"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=shogun+%7C+Japanese+title&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fshogun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaira+clan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taira-lineage-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taira-lineage_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taira-lineage_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taira-lineage_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taira-lineage_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taira-lineage_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crustacea.nhm.org/people/martin/publications/pdf/103.pdf">The Samurai Crab</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taira_clan&oldid=1248719303">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taira_clan&oldid=1248719303</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taira_clan" title="Category:Taira clan">Taira clan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_clans" title="Category:Japanese clans">Japanese clans</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 October 2024, at 02:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>35 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div 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