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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="كارل ريتشارد ليبسيوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارل ريتشارد ليبسيوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کارل ریچارد لپسیوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کارل ریچارد لپسیوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کارل ریچارد لپسیوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارل ریچارد لپسیوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1" title="קארל ריכרד לפסיוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קארל ריכרד לפסיוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Ricardus_Lepsius" title="Carolus Ricardus Lepsius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Ricardus Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="كارل ريتشارد ليبسيوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارل ريتشارد ليبسيوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%92%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%97%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="カール・リヒャルト・レプシウス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カール・リヒャルト・レプシウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Лепсиус, Карл Рихард – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лепсиус, Карл Рихард" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Lepsius" title="Karl Lepsius – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karl Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81" title="Карл Ріхард Лепсіус – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карл Ріхард Лепсіус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Karl Richard Lepsius" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%99%AE%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF" title="卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q77231#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Karl Richard Lepsius</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Richard_Lepsius_(1810-1884).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Carl_Richard_Lepsius_%281810-1884%29.jpg/220px-Carl_Richard_Lepsius_%281810-1884%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Carl_Richard_Lepsius_%281810-1884%29.jpg/330px-Carl_Richard_Lepsius_%281810-1884%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Carl_Richard_Lepsius_%281810-1884%29.jpg/440px-Carl_Richard_Lepsius_%281810-1884%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1073" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Lepsius in 1874</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">23 December 1810<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Naumburg" title="Naumburg">Naumburg an der Saale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Kingdom of Saxony</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 July 1884<span style="display:none">(1884-07-10)</span> (aged 73)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Berlin, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">Province of Brandenburg</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a>, German</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leipzig_University" title="Leipzig University">Leipzig University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Denkm%C3%A4ler_aus_%C3%84gypten_und_%C3%84thiopien" title="Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien">Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Elisabeth Klein</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="5 July 1846">1846</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Klein" title="Bernhard Klein">Bernhard Klein</a> (father-in-law)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Eagle" title="Order of the Red Eagle">Order of the Red Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Maximilian_Order_for_Science_and_Art" title="Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art">Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite" title="Pour le Mérite">Pour le Mérite</a></li></ul> </div><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gold_Medal" title="Royal Gold Medal">Royal Gold Medal</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data">University of Berlin</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Richard_Lepsius_signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="R Lepsius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Carl_Richard_Lepsius_signature.jpg/150px-Carl_Richard_Lepsius_signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Carl_Richard_Lepsius_signature.jpg/225px-Carl_Richard_Lepsius_signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Carl_Richard_Lepsius_signature.jpg/300px-Carl_Richard_Lepsius_signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="324" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Karl Richard Lepsius</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Carolus Richardius Lepsius</i>) (23 December 1810 – 10 July 1884) was a <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">Prussian</a> <a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_archaeology" title="Modern archaeology">modern archaeologist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is widely known for his opus magnum <i><a href="/wiki/Denkm%C3%A4ler_aus_%C3%84gypten_und_%C3%84thiopien" title="Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien">Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Richard_Lepsius&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karl Richard Lepsius was the son of <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Peter_Lepsius" class="extiw" title="de:Carl Peter Lepsius">Karl Peter Lepsius</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classical scholar</a> from Naumburg, and his wife Friederike (née Gläser), who was the daughter of composer <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Ludwig_Traugott_Glaeser" class="extiw" title="de:Carl Ludwig Traugott Glaeser">Carl Ludwig Traugott Gläser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepsius18549–10_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELepsius18549–10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family name was originally "Leps" and had been <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latinized</a> to "Lepsius" by Karl's paternal great-grandfather Peter Christoph Lepsius.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepsius18549_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELepsius18549-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was born in <a href="/wiki/Naumburg" title="Naumburg">Naumburg on the Saale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepsius1993316_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELepsius1993316-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He studied Greek and Roman <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leipzig" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leipzig">University of Leipzig</a> (1829–1830), the <a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a> (1830–1832), and the <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick William University of Berlin">Frederick William University of Berlin</a> (1832–1833). After receiving his doctorate following his dissertation <i>De tabulis Eugubinis</i> in 1833, he travelled to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, where he attended lectures by the French classicist <a href="/wiki/Jean_Letronne" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Letronne">Jean Letronne</a>, an early disciple of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Champollion" title="Jean-François Champollion">Jean-François Champollion</a> and his work on the <a href="/wiki/Decipherment" title="Decipherment">decipherment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian language</a>, visited Egyptian collections all over Europe and studied <a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">lithography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Richard_Lepsius&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Notebook_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_for_the_Prussian_Expedition_in_Egypt,_1842-1845._Neues_Museum,_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Notebook_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_for_the_Prussian_Expedition_in_Egypt%2C_1842-1845._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg/220px-Notebook_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_for_the_Prussian_Expedition_in_Egypt%2C_1842-1845._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Notebook_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_for_the_Prussian_Expedition_in_Egypt%2C_1842-1845._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg/330px-Notebook_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_for_the_Prussian_Expedition_in_Egypt%2C_1842-1845._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Notebook_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_for_the_Prussian_Expedition_in_Egypt%2C_1842-1845._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg/440px-Notebook_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_for_the_Prussian_Expedition_in_Egypt%2C_1842-1845._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4649" data-file-height="2489" /></a><figcaption>Notebook of Karl Richard Lepsius for the Prussian Expedition in Egypt, 1842–1845. Neues Museum, Berlin</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guest_book_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_set_up_in_his_days_in_Western_Thebes_in_1844._Neues_Museum,_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Guest_book_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_set_up_in_his_days_in_Western_Thebes_in_1844._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg/220px-Guest_book_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_set_up_in_his_days_in_Western_Thebes_in_1844._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Guest_book_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_set_up_in_his_days_in_Western_Thebes_in_1844._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg/330px-Guest_book_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_set_up_in_his_days_in_Western_Thebes_in_1844._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Guest_book_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_set_up_in_his_days_in_Western_Thebes_in_1844._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg/440px-Guest_book_of_Karl_Richard_Lepsius_set_up_in_his_days_in_Western_Thebes_in_1844._Neues_Museum%2C_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5665" data-file-height="3140" /></a><figcaption>Guest book of Karl Richard Lepsius set up in his days in Western Thebes in 1844. Neues Museum, Berlin</figcaption></figure> <p>After the death of Champollion, Lepsius made a systematic study of the French scholar's <i><a href="/wiki/Grammaire_%C3%A9gyptienne" title="Grammaire égyptienne">Grammaire égyptienne</a></i>, which had been published posthumously in 1836 but had yet to be widely accepted. In that year, Lepsius travelled to <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> to meet with <a href="/wiki/Ippolito_Rosellini" title="Ippolito Rosellini">Ippolito Rosellini</a>, who had led a joint expedition to Egypt with Champollion in 1828–1829. In a series of letters to Rosellini, Lepsius expanded on Champollion's explanation of the use of phonetic signs in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyph" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian hieroglyph">hieroglyphic</a> writing, emphasizing (<i>contra</i> Champollion) that <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a> were not written. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denkmäler"><span id="Denkm.C3.A4ler"></span>Denkmäler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Richard_Lepsius&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Denkmäler"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Denkm%C3%A4ler_aus_%C3%84gypten_und_%C3%84thiopien" title="Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien">Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien</a></div> <p>In 1842, Lepsius was commissioned (at the recommendation of the minister of instruction, Johann Eichhorn, and the scientists <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Charles_Josias_Bunsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Charles Josias Bunsen">Christian Charles Josias Bunsen</a>) by King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_IV_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William IV of Prussia">Frederich Wilhelm IV</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> to lead an expedition to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> to explore and record the remains of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian</a> civilization. The Prussian expedition was modelled after the earlier Napoleonic mission, with surveyors, draftsmen, and other specialists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeck2001289_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeck2001289-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mission reached <a href="/wiki/Giza" title="Giza">Giza</a> in November 1842 and spent six months making some of the first scientific studies of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">pyramids</a> of Giza, <a href="/wiki/Abusir" title="Abusir">Abusir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dahshur" title="Dahshur">Dahshur</a>. They discovered 67 pyramids recorded in the pioneering <a href="/wiki/Lepsius_list_of_pyramids" title="Lepsius list of pyramids">Lepsius list of pyramids</a> and more than 130 tombs of noblemen in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeck2001289_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeck2001289-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at the <a href="/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza" title="Great Pyramid of Giza">Great Pyramid of Giza</a>, Lepsius inscribed a <i><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffito</a></i> written in Egyptian hieroglyphs that honours Friedrich Wilhelm IV above the pyramid's original entrance; it is still visible.<sup id="cite_ref-Orcutt2002_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orcutt2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lepsius-Expedition-Cheops-Pyramide_(full).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Lepsius-Expedition-Cheops-Pyramide_%28full%29.jpg/220px-Lepsius-Expedition-Cheops-Pyramide_%28full%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Lepsius-Expedition-Cheops-Pyramide_%28full%29.jpg/330px-Lepsius-Expedition-Cheops-Pyramide_%28full%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Lepsius-Expedition-Cheops-Pyramide_%28full%29.jpg/440px-Lepsius-Expedition-Cheops-Pyramide_%28full%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5367" data-file-height="4196" /></a><figcaption>Members of the Prussian expedition to Egypt celebrate <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_IV_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William IV of Prussia">Frederick William IV</a>'s birthday on the summit of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza" title="Great Pyramid of Giza">Great Pyramid of Giza</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Working south, stopping for extended periods at important Middle Egyptian sites, such as <a href="/wiki/Beni_Hasan" title="Beni Hasan">Beni Hasan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dayr_al-Barsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayr al-Barsha">Dayr al-Barsha</a>. In 1843, he visited sites in <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Jebel_Barkal" title="Jebel Barkal">Jebel Barkal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB" title="Meroë">Meroë</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naqa" title="Naqa">Naqa</a>, ruined ancient cities of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kushitic Kingdom</a> of Meroë, and copied some of the inscriptions and representations of the temples and pyramids there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClammer2005128–31_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClammer2005128–31-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lepsius reached as far south as <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>, and then travelled up the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile" title="Blue Nile">Blue Nile</a> to the region about <a href="/wiki/Sennar" title="Sennar">Sennar</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> where he met members of the former Sudanese royal family, such as <a href="/wiki/Nasra_bint_%CA%BFAdlan" title="Nasra bint ʿAdlan">Nasra bint 'Adlan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After exploring various sites in Upper and Lower <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>, the expedition worked back north, reaching <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> on November 2, 1844, where they spent four months studying the western bank of the Nile (such as the <a href="/wiki/Ramesseum" title="Ramesseum">Ramesseum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medinet_Habu_(temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Medinet Habu (temple)">Medinet Habu</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_Kings" title="Valley of the Kings">Valley of the Kings</a>, etc.) and another three on the east bank at the temples of <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luxor" title="Luxor">Luxor</a>, attempting to record as much as possible. Afterwards they stopped at <a href="/wiki/Coptos" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptos">Coptos</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai</a>, and sites in the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Egyptian Delta</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Tanis,_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanis, Egypt">Tanis</a>, before returning to Europe in 1846.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1845, he was elected as a member to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lepsius-Projekt_tw_1-1-52.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lepsius-Projekt_tw_1-1-52.jpg/220px-Lepsius-Projekt_tw_1-1-52.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lepsius-Projekt_tw_1-1-52.jpg/330px-Lepsius-Projekt_tw_1-1-52.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lepsius-Projekt_tw_1-1-52.jpg/440px-Lepsius-Projekt_tw_1-1-52.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1634" data-file-height="2098" /></a><figcaption>Plates of <a href="/wiki/El-Lahun" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Lahun">El-Lahun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tura_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tura (Egypt)">Tura</a> from <i>Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The chief result of this expedition was the publication of <i><a href="/wiki/Denkm%C3%A4ler_aus_Aegypten_und_Aethiopien" class="mw-redirect" title="Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien">Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien</a></i> (<i>Monuments from Egypt and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></i>), a massive twelve volume <i><a href="/wiki/Compendium" title="Compendium">compendium</a></i> of nearly 900 plates of ancient Egyptian inscriptions, monuments and landscapes, as well as accompanying commentary and descriptions. These plans, maps, and drawings of temple and tomb walls remained the chief source of information for Western scholars well into the 20th century, and are useful even today as they are often the sole record of monuments that have since been destroyed or reburied.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, he described a "Headless Pyramid" that was subsequently lost until May 2008, when a team led by <a href="/wiki/Zahi_Hawass" title="Zahi Hawass">Zahi Hawass</a> removed a 25-foot-high sand dune to re-discover the superstructure (base) of a pyramid believed to belong to King <a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career">Later career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Richard_Lepsius&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon his return to Europe in 1845, he married Elisabeth Klein in 1846 and was appointed as a professor of Egyptology at Berlin University in the same year, and the co-director of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ägyptisches Museum">Ägyptisches Museum</a> in 1855; after the death of <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Passalacqua" class="extiw" title="de:Giuseppe Passalacqua">Giuseppe Passalacqua</a> in 1865, he was director of the museum. In 1866 Lepsius returned to Egypt, where he discovered the <i><a href="/wiki/Decree_of_Canopus" title="Decree of Canopus">Decree of Canopus</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Tanis,_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanis, Egypt">Tanis</a>, an inscription closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a>, which was likewise written in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demotic_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Demotic Egyptian">demotic</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>. </p><p>Lepsius was president of the <a href="/wiki/German_Archaeological_Institute" title="German Archaeological Institute">German Archaeological Institute</a> in Rome from 1867 to 1880, and from 1873 until his death in 1884, the head of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Library_at_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Library at Berlin">Royal Library at Berlin</a>. He was the editor of the <i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_%C3%84gyptische_Sprache_und_Altertumskunde" class="extiw" title="de:Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde">Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde</a></i>, a fundamental scientific journal for the new field of <a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptology</a>, which remains in print to this day. While at the editorial helm, Lepsius commissioned <a href="/wiki/Typographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographer">typographer</a> Ferdinand Theinhardt (on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Prussian Academy of Sciences">Prussian Academy of Sciences</a>) to cut the first hieroglyphic <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typeface</a>, the so-called Theinhardt font, which is in use today. </p><p>Lepsius published widely in the field of Egyptology, and is considered the father of this modern scientific discipline, assuming a role that Champollion might have achieved, had he not died so young. Much of his work is fundamental to the field. Indeed, Lepsius even coined the phrase <i>Totenbuch</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a>"). He was also a pioneer in the field of African linguistics, though his ideas are now mainly considered to be outdated. Based on his work in the ancient Egyptian language, and his field work in the Sudan, Lepsius developed a <a href="/wiki/Lepsius_Standard_Alphabet" title="Lepsius Standard Alphabet">Standard Alphabet</a> for <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliterating</a> <a href="/wiki/African_Languages" class="mw-redirect" title="African Languages">African Languages</a>; it was published 1855 and revised in 1863. His 1880 <i>Nubische Grammatik mit einer Einleitung über die Völker und Sprachen Afrika's</i> contains a sketch of African peoples and a classification of African languages, as well as a grammar of the <a href="/wiki/Nubian_languages" title="Nubian languages">Nubian languages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Richard_Lepsius&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 5 July 1846, he married Elisabeth Klein (1828–1899), daughter of the composer <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Klein" title="Bernhard Klein">Bernhard Klein</a> and great-granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nicolai" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Nicolai">Friedrich Nicolai</a>. They had six children, including the geologist and Rector of the <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_University_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadt University of Technology">Darmstadt University of Technology</a> G. Richard Lepsius (1851–1915), the chemist and director of the Chemical Factory Griesheim Bernhard Lepsius (1854–1934), the portrait painter and member of the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Academy_of_Arts" title="Prussian Academy of Arts">Prussian Academy of Arts</a> (as of 1916) <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Lepsius" title="Reinhold Lepsius">Reinhold Lepsius</a> (1857–1929) and the youngest son <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Lepsius" title="Johannes Lepsius">Johannes Lepsius</a> (1858–1926), Protestant theologian, humanist and Orientalist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_works">Major works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Richard_Lepsius&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Major works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Lepsius,_by_Gottlieb_Biermann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Richard_Lepsius%2C_by_Gottlieb_Biermann.jpg/220px-Richard_Lepsius%2C_by_Gottlieb_Biermann.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Richard_Lepsius%2C_by_Gottlieb_Biermann.jpg/330px-Richard_Lepsius%2C_by_Gottlieb_Biermann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Richard_Lepsius%2C_by_Gottlieb_Biermann.jpg/440px-Richard_Lepsius%2C_by_Gottlieb_Biermann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="1323" /></a><figcaption>Richard Lepsius (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottlieb_Biermann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottlieb Biermann (page does not exist)">Gottlieb Biermann</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottlieb_Biermann_(Maler)" class="extiw" title="de:Gottlieb Biermann (Maler)">de</a>]</span>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1885</span>)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1842. <i>Das Todtenbuch der Ägypter nach dem hieroglyphischen Papyrus in Turin mit einem Vorworte zum ersten Male herausgegeben</i>. Leipzig: Georg Wigand. (Reprinted Osnabrück: Otto Zeller Verlag, 1969)</li> <li>1849. <i><a href="/wiki/Denkm%C3%A4ler_aus_%C3%84gypten_und_%C3%84thiopien" title="Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien">Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien</a> nach den Zeichnungen der von Seiner Majestät dem Könige von Preußen Friedrich Wilhelm IV. nach diesen Ländern gesendeten und in den Jahren 1842–1845. ausgeführten wissenschaftlichen Expedition auf Befehl Seiner Majestät herausgegeben und erläutert</i>. 13 vols. Berlin: Nicolaische Buchhandlung. (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1072504946">1072504946</a>) (Reprinted Genève: Éditions de Belles-Lettres, 1972 - <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/857205">857205</a>)</li> <li>1852. <i>Briefe aus Aegypten, Aethiopien und der Halbinsel des Sinai geschrieben in den Jahren 1842–1845 während der auf Befehl Sr. Majestät des Königs Friedrich Wilhelm IV von Preußen ausgeführten wissenschaftlichen Expedition</i>. Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz (Bessersche Buchhandlung). Translated into English 1853 <i>Discoveries in Egypt, Ethiopia and the Peninsula of Sinai</i>. London: Richard Bentley. (Reissued by <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01711-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01711-4">978-1-108-01711-4</a>)</li> <li>1855. <i>Das allgemeine linguistische Alphabet. Grundsätze der Übertragung fremder Schriftsysteme und bisher noch ungeschriebener Sprachen in europäische Buchstaben</i>. Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz (Bessersche Buchhandlung)</li> <li>1856. <i>Über die XXII. ägyptische Königsdynastie nebst einigen Bemerkungen zu der XXVI. und andern Dynastieen des neuen Reichs</i>. Berlin: Gedruckt in der Druckerei der königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/berdiexxiigypti00lepsgoog">Internet Archive</a>. Translated into English 1858: <i>The XXII Egyptian Royal Dynasty, with some remarks on the XXIV and other Dynasties of the New Kingdom</i>. London: John Murray (Republished by <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01739-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01739-8">978-1-108-01739-8</a>)</li> <li>1860. The Gospel of Mark in the Fiadidja dialect of Nubian also called the <a href="/wiki/Nobiin_language" title="Nobiin language">Nobiin language</a>. Published in Berlin in 1860. Then edited by Leo Reinisch, and republished by the <a href="/wiki/British_and_Foreign_Bible_Society" title="British and Foreign Bible Society">British and Foreign Bible Society</a> in 1885.</li> <li>1863. <i>Standard Alphabet for Reducing Unwritten Languages and Foreign Graphic Systems to a Uniform Orthography in European Letters</i>, 2nd edition, London/Berlin. (Republished by <a href="/wiki/John_Benjamins" class="mw-redirect" title="John Benjamins">John Benjamins</a>, 1981. With an introduction by J. Alan Kemp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Facil.5">10.1075/acil.5</a>)</li> <li>1880. <i>Nubische Grammatik mit einer Einleitung über die Völker und Sprachen Afrika's</i>. Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Richard_Lepsius&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He had <a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease" title="Peptic ulcer disease">stomach ulcers</a> which became cancerous. After five weeks of eating little, he died at 9 am on 10 July 1884.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEbers1887280-81_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbers1887280-81-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Richard_Lepsius&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lepsius_list_of_pyramids" title="Lepsius list of pyramids">Lepsius list of pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepsius_Standard_Alphabet" title="Lepsius Standard Alphabet">Lepsius Standard Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Immanuel_Bleek" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel Bleek">Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel Bleek</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Richard_Lepsius&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayen2016" class="citation book cs1">Hayen, Todd (2016-12-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TYi_DQAAQBAJ&pg=PT46"><i>Ancient Egypt and Modern Psychotherapy: Sacred Science and the Search for Soul</i></a>. Routledge. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-30747-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-30747-1"><bdi>978-1-317-30747-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egypt+and+Modern+Psychotherapy%3A+Sacred+Science+and+the+Search+for+Soul&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-12-19&rft.isbn=978-1-317-30747-1&rft.aulast=Hayen&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTYi_DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Richard+Lepsius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELepsius18549–10-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepsius18549–10_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLepsius1854">Lepsius 1854</a>, pp. 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELepsius18549-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepsius18549_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLepsius1854">Lepsius 1854</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELepsius1993316-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepsius1993316_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLepsius1993">Lepsius 1993</a>, p. 316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeck2001289-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeck2001289_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeck2001289_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeck2001">Peck 2001</a>, p. 289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orcutt2002-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Orcutt2002_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrcutt2002" class="citation web cs1">Orcutt, Larry (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catchpenny.org/gpglyph.html">"GP Hieroglyphics"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GP+Hieroglyphics&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Orcutt&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catchpenny.org%2Fgpglyph.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Richard+Lepsius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClammer2005128–31-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClammer2005128–31_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClammer2005">Clammer 2005</a>, pp. 128–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLepsius1853" class="citation book cs1">Lepsius, Richard (1853). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A7c2AAAAMAAJ"><i>Letters from Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Peninsula of Sinai</i></a>. H.G. Bohn. pp. <span class="nowrap">176–</span>180.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+from+Egypt%2C+Ethiopia%2C+and+the+Peninsula+of+Sinai&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E176-%3C%2Fspan%3E180&rft.pub=H.G.+Bohn&rft.date=1853&rft.aulast=Lepsius&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA7c2AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Richard+Lepsius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=1844&year-max=1845&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3D%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D1844%26year-max%3D1845%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Richard+Lepsius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.si.edu/exhibition/artists-books-and-africa/denkmaeler-aus-aegypten-und-aethiopien-full">"Denkmaeler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien"</a>. <i>library.si.edu</i>. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=library.si.edu&rft.atitle=Denkmaeler+aus+Aegypten+und+Aethiopien&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.si.edu%2Fexhibition%2Fartists-books-and-africa%2Fdenkmaeler-aus-aegypten-und-aethiopien-full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Richard+Lepsius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbers1887280-81-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEbers1887280-81_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEbers1887">Ebers 1887</a>, p. 280-81.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Richard_Lepsius&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClammer2005" class="citation book cs1">Clammer (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lvVao2vWnxUC&q=Naqa+humboldt"><i>Sudan</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bradt_Travel_Guides" title="Bradt Travel Guides">Bradt Travel Guides</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-114-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-114-2"><bdi>978-1-84162-114-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sudan&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84162-114-2&rft.au=Clammer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlvVao2vWnxUC%26q%3DNaqa%2Bhumboldt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Richard+Lepsius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbers1887" class="citation book cs1">Ebers, Georg (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/richardlepsiusbi00eber"><i>Richard Lepsius; a biography</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Zoe_Dana_Underhill" title="Zoe Dana Underhill">Underhill, Zoe Dana</a>. New York: William S. Gottsberger.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Lepsius%3B+a+biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=William+S.+Gottsberger&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Ebers&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frichardlepsiusbi00eber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Richard+Lepsius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLepsius1854" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lepsius, Karl Peter (1854). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BQAHAAAAcAAJ"><i>Kleine Schriften: Beiträge zur thüringisch-sächsischen Geschichte und deutschen Kunst- und Alterthumskunde</i></a> (in German). Vol. 1st Vol. R. Kretschmann. Magdeburg: Albert Schulz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kleine+Schriften%3A+Beitr%C3%A4ge+zur+th%C3%BCringisch-s%C3%A4chsischen+Geschichte+und+deutschen+Kunst-+und+Alterthumskunde&rft.place=Magdeburg&rft.pub=Albert+Schulz&rft.date=1854&rft.aulast=Lepsius&rft.aufirst=Karl+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBQAHAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Richard+Lepsius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLepsius1993" class="citation book cs1">Lepsius, Mario Rainer (1993). <i>Demokratie in Deutschland : soziologisch-historische Konstellationsanalysen : ausgewählte Aufsätze</i>. Vol. 100. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-525-35763-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-525-35763-X"><bdi>3-525-35763-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demokratie+in+Deutschland+%3A+soziologisch-historische+Konstellationsanalysen+%3A+ausgew%C3%A4hlte+Aufs%C3%A4tze&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=3-525-35763-X&rft.aulast=Lepsius&rft.aufirst=Mario+Rainer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Richard+Lepsius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeck2001" class="citation book cs1">Peck, William H. (2001). "Lepsius, Karl Richard". In <a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Redford" title="Donald B. Redford">Redford, Donald B.</a> (ed.). <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">289–</span>290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5"><bdi>978-0-19-510234-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lepsius%2C+Karl+Richard&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Egypt%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E289-%3C%2Fspan%3E290&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510234-5&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Richard+Lepsius" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Richard_Lepsius&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2020" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Toby (2020). <i>A World Beneath the Sands: Adventurers and Archaeologists in the Golden Age of Egyptology</i> (Hardbook). London: Picador. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5098-5870-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5098-5870-5"><bdi>978-1-5098-5870-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+World+Beneath+the+Sands%3A+Adventurers+and+Archaeologists+in+the+Golden+Age+of+Egyptology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-5098-5870-5&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Toby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Richard+Lepsius" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Richard_Lepsius&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/55735">Works by Karl Richard Lepsius</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Karl_Richard_Lepsius" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Karl Richard Lepsius">Karl Richard Lepsius</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of a 1905 <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> article about "<b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Lepsius,_Karl_Richard" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Lepsius, Karl Richard">Karl Richard Lepsius</a></b>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Lepsius%2C%20Karl%20Richard%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lepsius%2C%20Karl%20R%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lepsius%2C%20K%2E%20R%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Karl%20Richard%20Lepsius%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Karl%20R%2E%20Lepsius%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22K%2E%20R%2E%20Lepsius%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Karl%20Richard%20Lepsius%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Karl%20R%2E%20Lepsius%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22K%2E%20R%2E%20Lepsius%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22K%2E%20Richard%20Lepsius%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lepsius%2C%20Karl%20Richard%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lepsius%2C%20Karl%20R%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lepsius%2C%20K%2E%20R%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lepsius%2C%20K%2E%20Richard%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Karl%20Richard%20Lepsius%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Karl%20R%2E%20Lepsius%22%20OR%20title%3A%22K%2E%20R%2E%20Lepsius%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Karl%20Richard%20Lepsius%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Karl%20R%2E%20Lepsius%22%20OR%20description%3A%22K%2E%20R%2E%20Lepsius%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lepsius%2C%20Karl%20Richard%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lepsius%2C%20Karl%20R%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221810-1884%22%20AND%20Lepsius%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Karl Richard Lepsius</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lepsius, Karl Richard"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lepsius,_Karl_Richard">"Lepsius, Karl Richard" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 481.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lepsius%2C+Karl+Richard&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=481&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Richard+Lepsius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aaew.bbaw.de/wbhome/LepsiusArchiv/index.html">Lepsius Archiv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718202128/http://aaew.bbaw.de/wbhome/LepsiusArchiv/index.html">Archived</a> 2011-07-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: archival material from Lepsius' 1842–1845 expedition to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edoc3.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/lepsius/info.html">Lepsius Project: <i>Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien</i></a>: Lepsius' 12 volume masterwork on the inscriptions of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>; still useful today</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77231#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3170" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77231#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77231#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121373787">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12416893t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35755531">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20090430004&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1341971">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068927193">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90058139">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000558338">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=145984">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/181715">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007264584205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05884988?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1072919">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118727699.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118727699">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033287740">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6wq0q18">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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Lepsius</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" 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