CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: time –differentials</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: time –differentials"> <meta name="keywords" content="time –differentials"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="time –differentials" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="time –differentials"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 18197</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: time –differentials</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18197</span> Wage Differentials in Pakistan by Focusing on Wage Differentials in Public and Private Sectors, Formal and Informal Sectors, and Major Occupational Groups</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asghar%20Ali">Asghar Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narjis%20Khatoon"> Narjis Khatoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on the presence of wage differentials in Pakistan and also on the determinants that originate it. Since there are a smaller number of studies that are conducted on this topic in Pakistan, the current study aims to contribute in bridging the existing gap in this particular research genre. Hence, this study not only generates the desired results specific focus but it also contributes to the overall empirical work on the Pakistan economy. The preceding works which have been done to research wage determinants and wage differentials have used numerous different theories and approaches to reach their goals. The current study, in order to analyze the determinants of wage differentials in the developing economy, deals with the study of a number of such theories and approaches that are supposed as being beneficial for the purpose. This study undertakes the explanation of wage differentials in Pakistan by focusing on wage differentials in public and private sectors, formal and informal sectors, and major occupational groups. The study uses 'Wage Theory' to examine wage differentials among male and female employees in public and private sectors on varied levels of working conditions. This study also uses 'Segmented Labor Market Theory' to determine the wage differential in both public and private sectors, formal and informal, and major occupational groups in Pakistan. So the author has used various econometric techniques in order to explain and test these theories and to find out the required results. This study has employed seven different cross-sectional Labour Force Surveys for the time period between 2006-07 to 2012-13. Gender equality is not only a policy reform agenda for developing countries but also an important goal of Millennium Development Goals. This study investigates the nexus between wage inequality and economic growth and detects co-integration between gender wage differential and economic growth using ARDL bound test. It is confirmed from the empirical results that there exists long-run relationship between economic growth and wage differential. Our study indicated that half of the total female employees from fourteen major cities of Pakistan were employed in the public sector. Out of total female employees in private sector, 66 percent are employed in the formal sector, and 33 percent are working in the informal sector. Results also indicated that both men and women were paid more in the public sector compared to the private sector counterparts. Among the total female employees, only 9 percent had received any formal training, 52% were married and average years of schooling were 11 years. Further, our findings regarding wage differential between genders indicate that wage gap is lower in public sector as compared to private sector. In proportion, gender wage ratio was found to be 0.96, 0.62 and 0.66 in public, formal private and informal private sectors respectively. This suggests that in this case, private sector female employees with the same pay structure are compensated at a lower endowments rate as then public sector workers as compared to their counter parts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wage%20differentials" title="wage differentials">wage differentials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal" title=" formal"> formal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal" title=" informal"> informal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73624/wage-differentials-in-pakistan-by-focusing-on-wage-differentials-in-public-and-private-sectors-formal-and-informal-sectors-and-major-occupational-groups" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18196</span> Differentials in Reproductive and Child Health Care in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dewaram%20Abhiman%20Nagdeve">Dewaram Abhiman Nagdeve</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper examined the urban-rural differentials and the factors influencing net change in reproductive and child health input, its utilization, and its output during the National Family Health Survey conducted during 1992-93 and 2019-21 in India. The analysis of NFHS data has been done and variables have been grouped into health input regarding antenatal care, postnatal care, and child care, utilization regarding reproductive and child health care, and reproductive and child health outcomes. An analysis was done using bivariate analysis and the chi-square test. The study reveals that there was an increase in health input, utilization, and output during the intra-survey period. Urban-rural disparities in Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) indicators persist, highlighting the need for focused intervention by the Indian government. Key steps should include enhancing RCH programs through robust information and education campaigns and deploying dedicated health personnel to remote and inaccessible rural areas. These initiatives are crucial to reducing both maternal and child mortality rates and ensuring equitable healthcare access nationwide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title="urban">urban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural" title=" rural"> rural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differentials" title=" differentials"> differentials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20and%20child%20health" title=" reproductive and child health"> reproductive and child health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195034/differentials-in-reproductive-and-child-health-care-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18195</span> Time and Kinematics of Moving Bodies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Omer%20Farooq%20Saeed">Muhammad Omer Farooq Saeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the proposal is to find out what time actually is! And to understand the natural phenomenon of the behavior of time and light corresponding to the motion of the bodies at relatively high speeds. The utmost concern of the paper is to deal with the possible demerits in the equations of relativity, thereby providing some valuable extensions in those equations and concepts. The idea used develops the most basic conception of the relative motion of the body with respect to space and a real understanding of time and the variation of energy of the body in different frames of reference. The results show the development of a completely new understanding of time, relative motion and energy, along with some extensions in the equations of special relativity most importantly the time dilation and the mass-energy relationship that will explain all frames of a body, all in one go. The proposal also raises serious questions on the validity of the “Principle of Equivalence” on which the General Relativity is based, most importantly a serious case of the bending light that eventually goes against its own governing concepts of space-time being proposed in the theory. The results also predict the existence of a completely new field that explains the fact just how and why bodies acquire energy in space-time. This field explains the production of gravitational waves based on time. All in all, this proposal challenges the formulas and conceptions of Special and General Relativity, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time" title="time">time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20motion" title=" relative motion"> relative motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed" title=" speed"> speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frame%20of%20reference" title=" frame of reference"> frame of reference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photon" title=" photon"> photon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curvature" title=" curvature"> curvature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space-time" title=" space-time"> space-time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20%E2%80%93differentials" title=" time –differentials"> time –differentials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168072/time-and-kinematics-of-moving-bodies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18194</span> Test of Capital Account Monetary Model of Floating Exchange Rate Determination: Further Evidence from Selected African Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oloyede%20John%20Adebayo">Oloyede John Adebayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper tested a variant of the monetary model of exchange rate determination, called Frankel’s Capital Account Monetary Model (CAAM) based on Real Interest Rate Differential, on the floating exchange rate experiences of three developing countries of Africa; viz: Ghana, Nigeria and the Gambia. The study adopted the Auto regressive Instrumental Package (AIV) and Almon Polynomial Lag Procedure of regression analysis based on the assumption that the coefficients follow a third-order Polynomial with zero-end constraint. The results found some support for the CAAM hypothesis that exchange rate responds proportionately to changes in money supply, inversely to income and positively to interest rates and expected inflation differentials. On this basis, the study points the attention of monetary authorities and researchers to the relevance and usefulness of CAAM as appropriate tool and useful benchmark for analyzing the exchange rate behaviour of most developing countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate" title="exchange rate">exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monetary%20model" title=" monetary model"> monetary model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest%20differentials" title=" interest differentials"> interest differentials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20account" title=" capital account"> capital account</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29774/test-of-capital-account-monetary-model-of-floating-exchange-rate-determination-further-evidence-from-selected-african-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18193</span> Analysis of Potential Flow around Two-Dimensional Body by Surface Panel Method and Vortex Lattice Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abir%20Hossain">M. Abir Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shahjada%20Tarafder"> M. Shahjada Tarafder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the analysis of potential flow past two-dimensional body by discretizing the body into panels where the Laplace equation was applied to each panel. The Laplace equation was solved at each panel by applying the boundary conditions. The boundary condition was applied at each panel to mathematically formulate the problem and then convert the problem into a computer-solvable problem. Kutta condition was applied at both the leading and trailing edges to see whether the condition is satisfied or not. Another approach that is applied for the analysis is Vortex Lattice Method (VLM). A vortex ring is considered at each control point. Using the Biot-Savart Law the strength at each control point is calculated and hence the pressure differentials are measured. For the comparison of the analytic result with the experimental result, different NACA section hydrofoil is used. The analytic result of NACA 0012 and NACA 0015 are compared with the experimental result of Abbott and Doenhoff and found significant conformity with the achieved result. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kutta%20condition" title="Kutta condition">Kutta condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Law%20of%20Biot-Savart" title=" Law of Biot-Savart"> Law of Biot-Savart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20differentials" title=" pressure differentials"> pressure differentials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20flow" title=" potential flow"> potential flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20lattice%20method" title=" vortex lattice method"> vortex lattice method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81177/analysis-of-potential-flow-around-two-dimensional-body-by-surface-panel-method-and-vortex-lattice-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18192</span> In and Out-Of-Sample Performance of Non Simmetric Models in International Price Differential Forecasting in a Commodity Country Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicola%20Rubino">Nicola Rubino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an analysis of a group of commodity exporting countries' nominal exchange rate movements in relationship to the US dollar. Using a series of Unrestricted Self-exciting Threshold Autoregressive models (SETAR), we model and evaluate sixteen national CPI price differentials relative to the US dollar CPI. Out-of-sample forecast accuracy is evaluated through calculation of mean absolute error measures on the basis of two-hundred and fifty-three months rolling window forecasts and extended to three additional models, namely a logistic smooth transition regression (LSTAR), an additive non linear autoregressive model (AAR) and a simple linear Neural Network model (NNET). Our preliminary results confirm presence of some form of TAR non linearity in the majority of the countries analyzed, with a relatively higher goodness of fit, with respect to the linear AR(1) benchmark, in five countries out of sixteen considered. Although no model appears to statistically prevail over the other, our final out-of-sample forecast exercise shows that SETAR models tend to have quite poor relative forecasting performance, especially when compared to alternative non-linear specifications. Finally, by analyzing the implied half-lives of the > coefficients, our results confirms the presence, in the spirit of arbitrage band adjustment, of band convergence with an inner unit root behaviour in five of the sixteen countries analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20regression%20model" title="transition regression model">transition regression model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20exchange%20rate" title=" real exchange rate"> real exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinearities" title=" nonlinearities"> nonlinearities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=price%20differentials" title=" price differentials"> price differentials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PPP" title=" PPP"> PPP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commodity%20points" title=" commodity points"> commodity points</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75704/in-and-out-of-sample-performance-of-non-simmetric-models-in-international-price-differential-forecasting-in-a-commodity-country-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18191</span> Differentials of Motor Fitness Components among the School Children of Rural and Urban Areas of the Jammu Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukhdev%20Singh">Sukhdev Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baljinder%20Singh%20Bal"> Baljinder Singh Bal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amandeep%20Singh"> Amandeep Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanchan%20Thappa"> Kanchan Thappa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A nation's future almost certainly rests on the future of its children, and a nation's wellbeing can be greatly improved by providing for the right upbringing of its children. Participating in physical education and sports programmes is crucial for reaching one's full potential. As we are all aware, sports have recently become incredibly popular on a global scale. Sports are continually becoming more and more popular, and this positive trend is probably going to last for some time to come. Motor abilities will provide more accurate information on the developmental process of children. Motor fitness is a component of physical fitness that includes strength, speed, flexibility, and agility, and is related to enhanced performance and the development of motor skills. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the differences in child growth between urban and rural environments. Differences in student growth, body dimensions, body composition, and fitness levels due to urban and rural environmental disparities have come into focus in recent years. The main aim of this study is to know the differentials of motor fitness components among the school children of rural and urban areas of the Jammu region. Material and Methods: In total, sixty male subjects (mean ± SD; age, 16.475 ± 1.0124 yrs.; height, 172.8 ± 2.0153 cm; Weight, 59.75 ± 3.628 kg) from the Jammu region took part in the study. A minimum sample size of 40 subjects was obtained and was derived from Rural (N1=20) and Urban (N2=20) school-going children. Statistical Applications: The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 14.0 was used for all analyses. The differences in the mean of each group for the selected variable were tested for the significance of difference by an independent samples t-test. For testing the hypotheses, the level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Results revealed that there were significant differences of leg explosive strength (p=0.0040*), dynamic balance (p=0.0056*), and Agility (p=0.0176*) among the School Children of the rural and urban areas of the Jammu region. However, Results further revealed that there were not significant differences of cardio respiratory endurance (p=0.8612), speed (p=0.2231), Low Back/Hamstring Flexibility (p=0.6478), and Two Hand Coordination. (p= 0.0953) among the School Children of the rural and urban areas of the Jammu region. Conclusion: The results of study showed that there is significance difference between Rural and Urban School children of the Jammu region with regards to a variable," leg explosive strength, dynamic balance, Agility” and the there is no significance difference between Rural and Urban School children of the Jammu region with regards variable “cardio-respiratory endurance, speed, Low Back/Hamstring Flexibility, Two Hand Coordination”. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20fitness" title="motor fitness">motor fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20areas" title=" rural areas"> rural areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20children" title=" school children"> school children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20areas" title=" urban areas"> urban areas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159440/differentials-of-motor-fitness-components-among-the-school-children-of-rural-and-urban-areas-of-the-jammu-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18190</span> Unequal Contributions of Parental Isolates in Somatic Recombination of the Stripe Rust Fungus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xianming%20Chen">Xianming Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Lei"> Yu Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meinan%20Wang"> Meinan Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dikaryotic basidiomycete fungus, Puccinia striiformis, causes stripe rust, one of the most important diseases of wheat and barley worldwide. The pathogen is largely reproduced asexually, and asexual recombination has been hypothesized to be one of the mechanisms for the pathogen variations. To test the hypothesis and understand the genetic process of asexual recombination, somatic recombinant isolates were obtained under controlled conditions by inoculating susceptible host plants with a mixture of equal quantity of urediniospores of isolates with different virulence patterns and selecting through a series of inoculation on host plants with different genes for resistance to one of the parental isolates. The potential recombinant isolates were phenotypically characterized by virulence testing on the set of 18 wheat lines used to differentiate races of the wheat stripe rust pathogen, P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), for the combinations of Pst isolates; or on both sets of the wheat differentials and 12 barley differentials for identifying races of the barley stripe rust pathogen, P. striiformis f. sp. hordei (Psh) for combinations of a Pst isolate and a Psh isolate. The progeny and parental isolates were also genotypically characterized with 51 simple sequence repeat and 90 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. From nine combinations of parental isolates, 68 potential recombinant isolates were obtained, of which 33 (48.5%) had similar virulence patterns to one of the parental isolates, and 35 (51.5%) had virulence patterns distinct from either of the parental isolates. Of the 35 isolates of distinct virulence patterns, 11 were identified as races that had been previously detected from natural collections and 24 were identified as new races. The molecular marker data confirmed 66 of the 68 isolates as recombinants. The percentages of parental marker alleles ranged from 0.9% to 98.9% and were significantly different from equal proportions in the recombinant isolates. Except for a couple of combinations, the greater or less contribution was not specific to any particular parental isolates as the same parental isolates contributed more to some of the progeny isolates but less to the other progeny isolates in the same combination. The unequal contributions by parental isolates appear to be a general role in somatic recombination for the stripe rust fungus, which may be used to distinguish asexual recombination from sexual recombination in studying the evolutionary mechanisms of the highly variable fungal pathogen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20markers" title="molecular markers">molecular markers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puccinia%20striiformis" title=" Puccinia striiformis"> Puccinia striiformis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=somatic%20recombination" title=" somatic recombination"> somatic recombination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stripe%20rust" title=" stripe rust "> stripe rust </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62774/unequal-contributions-of-parental-isolates-in-somatic-recombination-of-the-stripe-rust-fungus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18189</span> Changing Subjective Well-Being and Social Trust in China: 2010-2020</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengdie%20Ruan">Mengdie Ruan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The authors investigate how subjective well-being (SWB) and social trust changed in China over the period 2010–2020 by relying on data from six rounds of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), then re-examine Easterlin’s hypothesis for China, with a more focus on the role of social trust and estimate income-compensating differentials for social trust. They find that the evolution of well-being is not sensitive to the measures of well-being one uses. Specifically, self-reported life satisfaction scores and hedonic happiness scores experienced a significant increase across all income groups from 2010 to 2020. Social trust seems to have increased based on CFPS in China for all socioeconomic classes in recent years, and male, urban resident individuals with higher income have a higher social trust at a given point in time and over time. However, when we use an alternative measure of social trust, out-group trust, which is a more valid measure of generalized trust and represents “most people”, social trust in China literally declines, and the level is extremely low. In addition, this paper also suggests that in the typical query on social trust, the term "most people" mostly denotes in-groups in China, which contrasts sharply with most Western countries where it predominantly connotes out-groups. Individual fixed effects analysis of well-being that controls for time-invariant variables reveals social trust and relative social status are important correlates of life satisfaction and happiness, whereas absolute income plays a limited role in boosting an individual’s well-being. The income-equivalent value for social capital is approximately tripling of income. It has been found that women, urban and coastal residents, and people with higher income, young people, those with high education care more about social trust in China, irrespective of measures on SWB. Policy aiming at preserving and enhancing SWB should focus on social capital besides economic growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subjective%20well-being" title="subjective well-being">subjective well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20satisfaction" title=" life satisfaction"> life satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=happiness" title=" happiness"> happiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20trust" title=" social trust"> social trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175054/changing-subjective-well-being-and-social-trust-in-china-2010-2020" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18188</span> An Efficient Book Keeping Strategy for the Formation of the Design Matrix in Geodetic Network Adjustment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20G.%20Omogunloye">O. G. Omogunloye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20Olaleye"> J. B. Olaleye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20E.%20Abiodun"> O. E. Abiodun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20O.%20Odumosu"> J. O. Odumosu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20G.%20Ajayi"> O. G. Ajayi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The focus of the study is to proffer easy formulation and computation of least square observation equation’s design matrix by using an efficient book keeping strategy. Usually, for a large network of many triangles and stations, a rigorous task is involved in the computation and placement of the values of the differentials of each observation with respect to its station coordinates (latitude and longitude), in their respective rows and columns. The efficient book keeping strategy seeks to eliminate or reduce this rigorous task involved, especially in large network, by simple skillful arrangement and development of a short program written in the Matlab environment, the formulation and computation of least square observation equation’s design matrix can be easily achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title="design">design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential" title=" differential"> differential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geodetic" title=" geodetic"> geodetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix" title=" matrix"> matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=station" title=" station"> station</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71597/an-efficient-book-keeping-strategy-for-the-formation-of-the-design-matrix-in-geodetic-network-adjustment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18187</span> Execution Time Optimization of Workflow Network with Activity Lead-Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoping%20Qiu">Xiaoping Qiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Binci%20You"> Binci You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yue%20Hu"> Yue Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The executive time of the workflow network has an important effect on the efficiency of the business process. In this paper, the activity executive time is divided into the service time and the waiting time, then the lead time can be extracted from the waiting time. The executive time formulas of the three basic structures in the workflow network are deduced based on the activity lead time. Taken the process of e-commerce logistics as an example, insert appropriate lead time for key activities by using Petri net, and the executive time optimization model is built to minimize the waiting time with the time-cost constraints. Then the solution program-using VC++6.0 is compiled to get the optimal solution, which reduces the waiting time of key activities in the workflow, and verifies the role of lead time in the timeliness of e-commerce logistics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20business" title="electronic business">electronic business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=execution%20time" title=" execution time"> execution time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20time" title=" lead time"> lead time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20model" title=" optimization model"> optimization model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petri%20net" title=" petri net"> petri net</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20workflow%20network" title=" time workflow network"> time workflow network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137019/execution-time-optimization-of-workflow-network-with-activity-lead-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18186</span> The Effect of Geographical Differentials of Epidemiological Transition on Health-Seeking Behavior in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumit%20Kumar%20Das">Sumit Kumar Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laishram%20Ladusingh"> Laishram Ladusingh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the differential of epidemiological transition across fifteen agro-climatic zones of India and its effect on health-seeking behavior. Data and Methods: Unit level data on consumption expenditure on health of India from three decadal rounds conducted by National Sample Survey Organization are used for the analysis. These three rounds are 52nd (1995-96), 60th (2004-05) and 71st (2014-15). The age-adjusted prevalence rate for communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases are estimated for fifteen agro-climatic zones of India for three time periods. Bivariate analysis is used to find out determinants of health-seeking behavior. Multilevel logistic regression is used to examine factors effecting on household health-seeking behavior. Result: The prevalence of communicable diseases is increasing in most of the zones of India. Every South Indian zones, Gujarat plains, and lower Gangetic plain are facing the severe attack of dual burden of diseases. Demand for medical advice has increased in southern zones, and east zones, reliance on private healthcare facilities are increasing in most of the zone. Demographic characteristics of the household head have a significant impact on health-seeking behavior. Conclusion: Proper program implementation is required considering the disease prevalence and differential in the pattern of health seeking behavior. Along with initiation and strengthening of programs for non-communicable, existing programs for communicable diseases need to monitor and supervised strictly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agro-climatic%20zone" title="agro-climatic zone">agro-climatic zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20transition" title=" epidemiological transition"> epidemiological transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health-seeking%20behavior" title=" health-seeking behavior"> health-seeking behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20regression" title=" multilevel regression"> multilevel regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85840/the-effect-of-geographical-differentials-of-epidemiological-transition-on-health-seeking-behavior-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18185</span> A Machine Learning-Based Analysis of Autism Prevalence Rates across US States against Multiple Potential Explanatory Variables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronit%20Chakraborty">Ronit Chakraborty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sugata%20Banerji"> Sugata Banerji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been a marked increase in the reported prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) among children in the US over the past two decades. This research has analyzed the growth in state-level ASD prevalence against 45 different potentially explanatory factors, including socio-economic, demographic, healthcare, public policy, and political factors. The goal was to understand if these factors have adequate predictive power in modeling the differential growth in ASD prevalence across various states and if they do, which factors are the most influential. The key findings of this study include (1) the confirmation that the chosen feature set has considerable power in predicting the growth in ASD prevalence, (2) the identification of the most influential predictive factors, (3) given the nature of the most influential predictive variables, an indication that a considerable portion of the reported ASD prevalence differentials across states could be attributable to over and under diagnosis, and (4) identification of Florida as a key outlier state pointing to a potential under-diagnosis of ASD there. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorder" title="autism spectrum disorder">autism spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20modeling" title=" predictive modeling"> predictive modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159340/a-machine-learning-based-analysis-of-autism-prevalence-rates-across-us-states-against-multiple-potential-explanatory-variables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18184</span> Fertility Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role Family Planning Programs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Otieno">Vincent Otieno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfred%20Agwanda"> Alfred Agwanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Khasakhala"> Anne Khasakhala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the neo-Malthusian adherents, it is believed that rapid population growth strain countries’ capacity and performance. Fertility have however decelerated in most of the countries in the recent past. Scholars have concentrated on wide range of factors associated with fertility majorly at the national scale with some opining that analysis of trends and differentials in the various fertility parameters have been discussed extensively. However, others believe that considerably less attention has been paid to the fertility preference- a pathway through which various variables act on fertility. The Sub-Saharan African countries’ disparities amid almost similarities in policies is a cause of concern to demographers. One would point at the meager synergies that have been focused on the fertility preference as well, especially at the macro scale. Using Bongaarts reformulation of Easterlin and Crimmins (1985) conceptual scheme, the understanding of the current transition based on the fertility preference in general would help to provide explanations to the observed latest dynamics. This study therefore is an attempt to explain the current fertility transition through women’s fertility preference. Results reveal that indeed fertility transition is on course in most of the sub-Saharan countries with huge disparities in fertility preferences and its implementation indices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility%20preference" title="fertility preference">fertility preference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20degree%20of%20implementation%20index" title=" the degree of implementation index"> the degree of implementation index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-Saharan%20Africa" title=" sub-Saharan Africa"> sub-Saharan Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition" title=" transition"> transition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95632/fertility-transition-in-sub-saharan-africa-the-role-family-planning-programs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18183</span> Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Case Study and Discussion of Its Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zayd%20Parekh">Zayd Parekh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amish%20Prasad"> Amish Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baraa%20Souman"> Baraa Souman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is characterized by orthostatic intolerance due to an exaggerated tachycardia in response to standing upright. This exaggerated orthostatic tachycardia is defined as the heart rate (HR) rising 30 beats above a baseline value while supine or seated within ten minutes. The tachycardia can lead to symptoms of orthostatic intolerance such as palpitations, lightheadedness, exercise intolerance, fatigue, and anxiety. POTS can go undiagnosed for many years due to its similarities with other cardiac and psychiatric conditions and nonspecific presentation, making it crucial to raise awareness for it in the medical field. The following case study discusses a 30-year-old female who was evaluated in the emergency room several times before being referred to the clinic for POTS. An overview of what tests are performed with this patient is also provided, highlighting the diagnostic work-up for POTS and the process of ruling out other differentials being considered. Finally, the epidemiology, the various theories regarding its pathophysiology, the diagnostic process, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological management for POTS are reviewed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthostatic%20intolerance" title="orthostatic intolerance">orthostatic intolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postural%20orthostatic%20tachycardia%20syndrome" title=" postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome"> postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syncope" title=" syncope"> syncope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tachycardia" title=" tachycardia"> tachycardia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170677/postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome-a-case-study-and-discussion-of-its-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18182</span> The Effect of Glass Thickness on Stress in Vacuum Glazing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Arya">Farid Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trevor%20Hyde"> Trevor Hyde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Trevisi"> Andrea Trevisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paolo%20Basso"> Paolo Basso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danilo%20Bardaro"> Danilo Bardaro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat transfer through multiple pane windows can be reduced by creating a vacuum pressure less than 0.1 Pa between the glass panes, with low emittance coatings on one or more of the internal surfaces. Fabrication of vacuum glazing (VG) requires the formation of a hermetic seal around the periphery of the glass panes together with an array of support pillars between the panes to prevent them from touching under atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure and temperature differentials induce stress which can affect the integrity of the glazing. Several parameters define the stresses in VG including the glass thickness, pillar specifications, glazing dimensions and edge seal configuration. Inherent stresses in VG can result in fractures in the glass panes and failure of the edge seal. In this study, stress in VG with different glass thicknesses is theoretically studied using Finite Element Modelling (FEM). Based on the finding in this study, suggestions are made to address problems resulting from the use of thinner glass panes in the fabrication of VG. This can lead to the development of high performance, light and thin VG. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20glazing" title="vacuum glazing">vacuum glazing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20insulation" title=" vacuum insulation"> vacuum insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20pillars" title=" support pillars"> support pillars</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93497/the-effect-of-glass-thickness-on-stress-in-vacuum-glazing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18181</span> Theoretical Study of Flexible Edge Seals for Vacuum Glazing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Arya">Farid Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trevor%20Hyde"> Trevor Hyde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of vacuum glazing represents a significant advancement in the area of low heat loss glazing systems with the potential to substantially reduce building heating and cooling loads. Vacuum glazing consists of two or more glass panes hermetically sealed together around the edge with a vacuum gap between the panes. To avoid the glass panes from collapsing and touching each other under the influence of atmospheric pressure an array of support pillars is provided between the glass panes. A high level of thermal insulation is achieved by evacuating the spaces between the glass panes to a very low pressure which greatly reduces conduction and convection within the space; therefore heat transfer through this kind of glazing is significantly lower when compared with conventional insulating glazing. However, vacuum glazing is subject to inherent stresses due to atmospheric pressure and temperature differentials which can lead to fracture of the glass panes and failure of the edge seal. A flexible edge seal has been proposed to minimise the impact of these issues. In this paper, vacuum glazing system with rigid and flexible edge seals is theoretically studied and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20edge%20seal" title="flexible edge seal">flexible edge seal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20pillar" title=" support pillar"> support pillar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20glazing" title=" vacuum glazing"> vacuum glazing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72593/theoretical-study-of-flexible-edge-seals-for-vacuum-glazing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18180</span> Memory, Self, and Time: A Bachelardian Perspective </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Granado">Michael Granado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The French philosopher Gaston Bachelard’s philosophy of time is articulated in his two works on the subject, the Intuition of the Instant (1932) and his The Dialectic of Duration (1936). Both works present a systematic methodology predicated upon the assumption that our understanding of time has radically changed as a result of Einstein and subsequently needs to be reimagined. Bachelard makes a major distinction in his discussion of time: 1. Time as it is (physical time), 2. Time as we experience it (phenomenological time). This paper will focus on the second distinction, phenomenological time, and explore the connections between Bachelard’s work and contemporary psychology. Several aspects of Bachelard’s philosophy of time nicely complement our current understanding of memory and self and clarify how the self relates to experienced time. Two points, in particular, stand out; the first is the relative nature of subjective time, and the second is the implications of subjective time in the formation of the narrative self. Bachelard introduces two philosophical concepts to explain these points: rhythmanalysis and reverie. By exploring these concepts, it will become apparent that there is an undeniable link between memory, self, and time. Through the use of narrative self, the individual connects and links memories and time together to form a sense of personal identity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaston%20Bachelard" title="Gaston Bachelard">Gaston Bachelard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self" title=" self"> self</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time" title=" time "> time </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127752/memory-self-and-time-a-bachelardian-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18179</span> Disagreement in Spousal Report of Current Contraceptive Use in India and Its Determinants </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipti%20Govil">Dipti Govil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nidhi%20Khosla"> Nidhi Khosla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Couple-level reports of contraception are important as wives and husbands may give different reports about contraceptive use. Using matched couple-data (N=62910), from India's NFHS–IV (2015-16), this paper examines concordance in spousal reports of current contraceptive use and its differentials. Reporting of contraceptive use was higher among wives (59%) than husbands (25%). Concordance was low; 16.5% of couples reported the use of the same method, while 21% reported the use of any method. There existed a huge denial from husbands on the use of female sterilization. Reconstruction of contraceptive use among men increased concordance by 10%. Multivariate analysis shows that concordance was low in urban and Southern India, among younger women and women with lower wealth-index. Men's control over household decision-making and negative attitudes towards contraception were associated with a lower concordance. Findings highlight the importance of using couple-level data to estimate contraceptive prevalence, the role of education programs to inculcate positive attitudes towards contraception, fostering gender equality, and involving men into family planning efforts. The results also raise the issue of data quality as the questions were asked differently from men and women, which might have contributed to wide discordance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concordance" title="concordance">concordance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contraceptive%20use" title=" contraceptive use"> contraceptive use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=couple" title=" couple"> couple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20sterilisation" title=" female sterilisation"> female sterilisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105854/disagreement-in-spousal-report-of-current-contraceptive-use-in-india-and-its-determinants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18178</span> The Effects of Techno-Economic Paradigm on Social Evolution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derya%20G%C3%BCler%20Aydin">Derya Güler Aydin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahar%20Araz%20Takay"> Bahar Araz Takay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two different forms of competition theories can be distinguished: Those theories that emphasize the equilibrating forces created by competition, and those emphasizing the disequilibrating forces. This difference can be attributed, among other things, to the differences regarding the functioning of the market economy; that is to say, the basic problem here is whether competition should be understood as a static state or a dynamic process. This study aims to analyze the dynamic competition theories by K. Marx and J. A. Schumpeter and neo- Schumperians all of which focus on the dynamic role played by competition through creating disequilibria, endogenous structural change and social transformation as a distinguishing characteristic of the market system. With this aim, in the first section, after examining the static, neoclassical competition theory, both Marx‟s theory, which is based on profit rate differentials, and Schumpeter‟s theory, which is based on the notion of “creative destruction”, will be discussed. In the second section, the long-term fluctuations, based on creative gales of destruction, the concept will be examined under the framework of techno-economic paradigm. It is argued that the dynamic, even disequilibrium tendencies created by the competition process should be regarded in both understanding the working of capitalism and social transformation of the system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition" title="competition">competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=techno-enomic%20paradigm" title=" techno-enomic paradigm"> techno-enomic paradigm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schumpeter" title=" Schumpeter"> Schumpeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20evolution" title=" social evolution"> social evolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48265/the-effects-of-techno-economic-paradigm-on-social-evolution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18177</span> Gendered Effects on Productivity Gap Due to Information Asymmetry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shruti%20Sengupta">Shruti Sengupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the nationally representative data, about 73% of India's rural workforce is engaged in agriculture. While women make significant contributions to total agriculture production, they contribute to about one-third in India. In terms of gender composition, about 80% of the female and 69% of the male workforce is engaged in agriculture in rural India. Still, it is common to find gender differences in plot management within the household. In the last two and half years, India's agri-food system has undergone several changes due to this pandemic, both the demand and supply side, making agriculture more information and knowledge-intensive. Therefore, this paper investigates, using a nationally representative sample, how information asymmetry affects the net returns per hectare of land between female and male farm managers. Empirical results show that information intensity has a significant positive effect on net farm returns per hectare. Results suggest that if females have the same access to technical information as their male counterparts, their farm income can go up by .96 pp compared to male-headed farms. Results also indicate that literate females have higher farm incomes than non-literate females. The study contributes to the literature by employing gender differentials in farm income due to the information gap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farm%20income" title=" farm income"> farm income</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20bias" title=" social bias"> social bias</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153772/gendered-effects-on-productivity-gap-due-to-information-asymmetry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18176</span> Notions of Criticality in Strategic Management of Hospitality Services in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chigozie%20P.%20Ugochukwu%20Okoro">Chigozie P. Ugochukwu Okoro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While the needs of the traveling public are becoming more evolving due to the ever-changing tourism ecosphere; there is a seeming inability to sustain competitive advantage through hospitality enterprise service quality differentials and effective service delivery. Contending with these evolving needs demands a re-assessment of the notions that drive service evolvement thoughts pattern and service delivery processes management in the hospitality enterprise. The intent of this study was to explicate the trends of the evolving needs of the traveling public that are critical to hospitality enterprise service management. The hypothetical study used customer satisfaction to dissect the strategic implication of perception, experience, and socio-cultural engagements in customization of hospitality enterprise services. The study found out that customer perception is cognitive and does not shape service customization. The study also elucidated that customer experience which can be evaluated, is critical in service structure determination and delivery. Socio-cultural engagement is intrinsic in driving service diversification. The study recommends tourists’ audit and cognitive insights as strategic actions for re-designing service efficiency and delivery in hospitality enterprise service management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospitality%20enterprise%20services" title="hospitality enterprise services">hospitality enterprise services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20management" title=" strategic management"> strategic management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20service%20delivery" title=" quality service delivery"> quality service delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notions%20of%20criticality" title=" notions of criticality"> notions of criticality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110045/notions-of-criticality-in-strategic-management-of-hospitality-services-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18175</span> Gendered Effects on Productivity Gap Due to Information Asymmetry in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shruti%20Sengupta">Shruti Sengupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the nationally representative data, about 73% of India's rural workforce is engaged in agriculture. While women make significant contributions to total agriculture production, they contribute to about one-third in India. In terms of gender composition, about 80% of the female and 69% of the male workforce is engaged in agriculture in rural India. Still, it is common to find gender differences in plot management within the household. In the last two and half years, India's agri-food system has undergone several changes due to this pandemic, both the demand and supply side, making agriculture more information and knowledge-intensive. Therefore, this paper investigates, using a nationally representative sample, how information asymmetry affects the net returns per hectare of land between female and male farm managers. Empirical results show that information intensity has a significant positive effect on net farm returns per hectare. Results suggest that if females have the same access to technical information as their male counterparts, their farm income can go up by .96 pp compared to male-headed farms. Results also indicate that literate females have higher farm incomes than non-literate females. The study contributes to the literature by employing gender differentials in farm income due to the information gap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farm%20income" title=" farm income"> farm income</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20bias" title=" social bias"> social bias</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154149/gendered-effects-on-productivity-gap-due-to-information-asymmetry-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18174</span> A Hazard Rate Function for the Time of Ruin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sule%20Sahin">Sule Sahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basak%20Bulut%20Karageyik"> Basak Bulut Karageyik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces a hazard rate function for the time of ruin to calculate the conditional probability of ruin for very small intervals. We call this function the force of ruin (FoR). We obtain the expected time of ruin and conditional expected time of ruin from the exact finite time ruin probability with exponential claim amounts. Then we introduce the FoR which gives the conditional probability of ruin and the condition is that ruin has not occurred at time t. We analyse the behavior of the FoR function for different initial surpluses over a specific time interval. We also obtain FoR under the excess of loss reinsurance arrangement and examine the effect of reinsurance on the FoR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conditional%20time%20of%20ruin" title="conditional time of ruin">conditional time of ruin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20time%20ruin%20probability" title=" finite time ruin probability"> finite time ruin probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20of%20ruin" title=" force of ruin"> force of ruin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinsurance" title=" reinsurance"> reinsurance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55648/a-hazard-rate-function-for-the-time-of-ruin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18173</span> Religious Discrimination Against Small Business Owners: Evidence from the 1875 Cadastral Survey of Istanbul</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burak%20Unveren">Burak Unveren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ecem%20Uygun"> Ecem Uygun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96zdemi%CC%87r%20Teke"> Özdemi̇r Teke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A large body of literature documents how the Ottoman Empire's economic decline in relation to Western Europe was exacerbated by the unequal legal treatment of its subjects based on creed. Motivated by this debate, we empirically explore whether property taxes collected from businesses in Istanbul discriminated against or favored non-Muslims after the cadastral survey of the capital in 1875. The survey was conducted to determine the property taxes. And the process was potentially susceptible to the biased views of the surveyors who calculated the taxes payable via their subjective appraisals of all real properties. According to our results, in contrast to widely held beliefs regarding 19th-century Istanbul, the number of Muslim shop owners is higher than that of non-Muslims. Moreover, we find evidence for taxes collected from non-Muslim shop and store owners to be higher compared to Muslims, even after controlling for all physical features (e.g., size, location, etc.). These results directly pertain to the fiscal capacity of the Ottoman state and its economic divergence from Europe in the 19th century. Surprisingly, the data also indicates no statistically different tax differentials between male and female property owners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20history" title="economic history">economic history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxation" title=" taxation"> taxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20business" title=" small business"> small business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162895/religious-discrimination-against-small-business-owners-evidence-from-the-1875-cadastral-survey-of-istanbul" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18172</span> Evaluation of Reliability Indices Using Monte Carlo Simulation Accounting Time to Switch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Asefi">Sajjad Asefi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Afrakhte"> Hossein Afrakhte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the evaluation of reliability indices of an electrical distribution system using Monte Carlo simulation technique accounting Time To Switch (TTS) for each section. In this paper, the distribution system has been assumed by accounting random repair time omission. For simplicity, we have assumed the reliability analysis to be based on exponential law. Each segment has a specified rate of failure (λ) and repair time (r) which will give us the mean up time and mean down time of each section in distribution system. After calculating the modified mean up time (MUT) in years, mean down time (MDT) in hours and unavailability (U) in h/year, TTS have been added to the time which the system is not available, i.e. MDT. In this paper, we have assumed the TTS to be a random variable with Log-Normal distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20system" title="distribution system">distribution system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title=" Monte Carlo simulation"> Monte Carlo simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repair%20time" title=" repair time"> repair time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20to%20switch%20%28TTS%29" title=" time to switch (TTS)"> time to switch (TTS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75199/evaluation-of-reliability-indices-using-monte-carlo-simulation-accounting-time-to-switch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18171</span> Disability Prevalence and Health among 60+ Population in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surendra%20Kumar%20Patel">Surendra Kumar Patel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Disability is not just a health problem; it is a complex phenomenon, reflecting the interaction between features of a person’s age and physiology. Population ageing is a major demographic issue for India in the 21st century. Older population of India constituted 8% of total population, while 5.19% has affected by disability of older age group. Objective of the present research paper is to examine the state wise differential in disability among 60+ population and to access the health care of disabled population especially the 60+ disabled persons. The data sources of the present paper are census 2001 and 2011. For analyzing the state wise differentials by disability types and comparative advantage of data, rate, ratio, and percentage have been used. The Standardized Index of Diversity of Disability (SIDD) studies differential and diversity in disability. The results show that there are 5.19% persons have disability among 60+ population and sex differential not very significant, as it is 5.3 % of male and 5.05% in female in India but place of residence shows significant variation from 2001 to 2011 census. There is huge diversity in disability prevalence among 60+ in India, highest in Sikkim followed by Rajasthan, approximately, they comprise 11%, and the lowest found in Tamil Nadu as 2.53%. This huge gap in prevalence percentage shows the health care needs of highly prevailing states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability" title="disability">disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Standardized%20Index%20of%20Diversity%20of%20Disability%20%28SIDD%29" title=" Standardized Index of Diversity of Disability (SIDD)"> Standardized Index of Diversity of Disability (SIDD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20and%20diversity%20in%20disability" title=" differential and diversity in disability"> differential and diversity in disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=60%2B%20population" title=" 60+ population"> 60+ population</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40727/disability-prevalence-and-health-among-60-population-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18170</span> Temporal Axis in Japanese: The Paradox of a Metaphorical Orientation in Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomoko%20Usui">Tomoko Usui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the field of linguistics, it has been said that concepts associated with space and motion systematically contribute structure to the temporal concept. This is the conceptual metaphor theory. conceptual metaphors typically employ a more abstract concept (time) as their target and a more concrete or physical concept as their source (space). This paper will examine two major temporal conceptual metaphors: Ego-centered Moving Time Metaphor and Time-RP Metaphor. Moving time generally receives a front-back orientation, however, Japanese shows a different orientation given to time. By means of Ego perspective, this paper will illustrate the paradox of a metaphorical orientation in time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ego-centered%20Moving%20Time%20Metaphor" title="Ego-centered Moving Time Metaphor">Ego-centered Moving Time Metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20saki" title=" Japanese saki"> Japanese saki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20metaphors" title=" temporal metaphors"> temporal metaphors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Time%20RP%20Metaphor" title=" Time RP Metaphor"> Time RP Metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40111/temporal-axis-in-japanese-the-paradox-of-a-metaphorical-orientation-in-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18169</span> Antecedents of Sport Commitment among Cricket Players: A Comparison Based on Demographic Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navodita%20Mishra">Navodita Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20J.%20Kamalanabhan"> T. J. Kamalanabhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary purpose of this study was to identify the antecedents of sport commitment among cricket players and to understand demographic variables that may impact these factors. Commitment towards one’s sport play a crucial role in determining discipline and efforts of the player. Moreover, demographic variables would seem to play an important role in determining which factors or predictors have the greatest impact on commitment level. This study hypothesized the effect of demographic factors on sport commitment among cricket players. It attempts to examine the extent to which demographic factors can differentially motivate players to exhibit commitment towards their respective sport. Questionnaire survey method was adopted using purposive sampling technique. Using Multiple Regression, ANOVA and t-test, the hypotheses were tested based on a sample of 350 players from Cricket Academy. Our main results from the multivariate analysis indicated that (1) enjoyment and leadership of coach and peer affect the level of commitment to a greater extent whereas (2) personal investment is a significant predictor of commitment among rural background players Moreover, level of sport commitment among players is positively related to household income, the rural background players participate in sports to a greater extent than the urban players, there is no evidence of regional differentials in commitment but age differences (i.e. U-19 vs. U-25) play an important role in the decision to continue the participation in sports. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual%20sport%20commitment" title="individual sport commitment">individual sport commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20factors" title=" social factors"> social factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographic%20factors" title=" demographic factors"> demographic factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cricket" title=" cricket"> cricket</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27870/antecedents-of-sport-commitment-among-cricket-players-a-comparison-based-on-demographic-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">537</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18168</span> A Distinct Approach Towards Relativity and Time Dilation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vipin%20Choudhary">Vipin Choudhary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Time Dilation is the difference in the amount of time two clocks measure in the same inertial frame. Many studies have explored the relativity of time dilation using various approaches. However, the scientific and mathematical explanation of time dilation of moving things and light pulse clocks still has limited research. Therefore, this article examines relativity by utilizing scientific and mathematical approaches; the experience of moving things and light pulse clock ticks have been examined. The study revealed that the time elapsed for the same process is different for the different observers. Here, it showed that the time can be expressed in the form of a wave. In addition, the relative distance changes between the observers, and the observing subject time flows differently for the observer relative to the observing subject. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Einstein%27s%20special%20theory%20of%20relativity" title="Einstein's special theory of relativity">Einstein's special theory of relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20frame" title=" reference frame"> reference frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20dilation" title=" time dilation"> time dilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=length%20contraction" title=" length contraction"> length contraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorentz%20transformation." title=" Lorentz transformation."> Lorentz transformation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187451/a-distinct-approach-towards-relativity-and-time-dilation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20%E2%80%93differentials&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20%E2%80%93differentials&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20%E2%80%93differentials&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20%E2%80%93differentials&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20%E2%80%93differentials&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20%E2%80%93differentials&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20%E2%80%93differentials&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20%E2%80%93differentials&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20%E2%80%93differentials&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20%E2%80%93differentials&page=606">606</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20%E2%80%93differentials&page=607">607</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20%E2%80%93differentials&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>