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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Tom_Morris" title="Young Tom Morris – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Young Tom Morris" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Morris_Jr." title="Tom Morris Jr. – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tom Morris Jr." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Morris,_Jr." title="Tom Morris, Jr. – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tom Morris, Jr." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Morris_muda" title="Tom Morris muda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tom Morris muda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="يونج توم موريس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يونج توم موريس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Morris" title="Thomas Morris – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Thomas Morris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Morris_jr." title="Tom Morris jr. – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tom Morris jr." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%88%E3%83%A0%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9" title="ヤングトムモリス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤングトムモリス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Morris_jr." title="Tom Morris jr. – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tom Morris jr." data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Tom_Morris" title="Young Tom Morris – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Young Tom Morris" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Morris_Jr" title="Tom Morris Jr – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tom Morris Jr" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%B9%AF%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" title="小湯姆·莫里斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Scottish professional golfer (1851–1875)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color:#ace1af;color:inherit;font-size: 125%"><span class="note">Young Tom Morris</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Tom_Morris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Young_Tom_Morris.jpg/220px-Young_Tom_Morris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Young_Tom_Morris.jpg/330px-Young_Tom_Morris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Young_Tom_Morris.jpg/440px-Young_Tom_Morris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Young Tom Morris wearing the <a href="/wiki/Challenge_Belt" title="Challenge Belt">Challenge Belt</a>, c. 1873</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ace1af;color:inherit;">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal;"><b>Full name</b></th><td class="infobox-data">Thomas Morris</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal;"><b>Nickname</b></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><i>Young Tom</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal;"><b>Born</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1851-04-20</span>)</span>20 April 1851<br /><a href="/wiki/St_Andrews" title="St Andrews">St Andrews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>, Scotland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal;"><b>Died</b></th><td class="infobox-data">25 December 1875<span style="display:none">(1875-12-25)</span> (aged 24)<br />St Andrews, Fife, Scotland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal;"><b>Height</b></th><td class="infobox-data">5 ft 8 in (1.73 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal;"><b>Sporting nationality</b></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal;"><b>Spouse</b></th><td class="infobox-data">Margaret Drinnen (or Drennan)<sup id="cite_ref-NRS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ace1af;color:inherit;">Career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal;"><b>Status</b></th><td class="infobox-data">Professional</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ace1af;color:inherit;">Best results in major championships<br />(wins: 4)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Championship" title="The Open Championship">The Open Championship</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Won</b>: 1868, 1869, 1870, 1872</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ace1af;color:inherit;">Achievements and awards</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/World_Golf_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Golf Hall of Fame">World Golf Hall of Fame</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1975 <i>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldgolfhalloffame.org/tom-morris-jr/">member page</a>)</i></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Morris</b> (20 April 1851 – 25 December 1875), known as <b>Tom Morris Junior</b>, <b>Young Tom Morris</b> and also <b>Tommy Morris</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a Scottish <a href="/wiki/Professional_golfer" title="Professional golfer">professional golfer</a>. He is considered one of the pioneers of professional golf, and was the first young prodigy in golf history. He won four consecutive titles in the <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Championship" title="The Open Championship">Open Championship</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and did this by the age of 21.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2022_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morris was born in <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews" title="St Andrews">St Andrews</a>, the "Home of Golf", and died there on Christmas Day, 1875, aged 24. His father, <a href="/wiki/Old_Tom_Morris" title="Old Tom Morris">Old Tom Morris</a>, was the greenkeeper and professional of the <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_Links" title="St Andrews Links">St Andrews Links</a>, and himself won four of the first eight <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Championship" title="The Open Championship">Open Championships</a>. Young Tom's first Open Championship win – in 1868 at age 17 – made him the youngest major champion in the PGA, a record which still stands.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2022_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For many years it was thought on the basis of a baptismal certificate that Morris was born on 10 May 1851, but in 2006 his <a href="/wiki/Birth_certificate" title="Birth certificate">birth certificate</a> was discovered in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young Tom moved with his family as an infant from St Andrews to <a href="/wiki/Prestwick" title="Prestwick">Prestwick</a>, where his father took a new position as the golf professional and greenkeeper. </p><p>Young Tom studied at <a href="/wiki/Ayr_Academy" title="Ayr Academy">Ayr Academy</a> up to his early teens. The Morris family was becoming more prosperous, and hence able to afford the expensive private school fees, in the range of £15 per year. At the Academy, Young Tom studied with the sons of noblemen and wealthy businessmen, and would put his schooling to good use in his golf game and in his personal relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_golf_development">Early golf development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early golf development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Morris learned golf from a young age over the <a href="/wiki/Prestwick_Golf_Club" title="Prestwick Golf Club">Prestwick Golf Club</a> links, which had been laid out by his father, the club's professional and greenkeeper, in 1851. He bypassed the <a href="/wiki/Caddying" class="mw-redirect" title="Caddying">caddying</a> and clubmaking roles, which were the usual entry to golf for young players at that time; he was the first future top player to do this.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2022_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_and_Young_Tom_Morris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Old_and_Young_Tom_Morris.jpg/250px-Old_and_Young_Tom_Morris.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Old_and_Young_Tom_Morris.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Old Tom Morris with Young Tom Morris, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870-75</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Morris beat his father for the first time at the age of 13 in 1864 in a friendly game at St Andrews; at the time his father was Open Champion.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young Tom, just before his 13th birthday, travelled with his father to a tournament at <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/King_James_VI_Golf_Club" title="King James VI Golf Club">King James VI Golf Club</a>, in April 1864, but was not allowed to compete in either the professional or amateur sections. The organisers instead arranged a match over the course with a local youth champion. Young Tom won this match decisively and was awarded a prize of five pounds, a significant amount at the time; the two young stars had been followed by a large gallery. His match score would have won the professional tournament.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Young_champion">Young champion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Young champion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Young Tom made his debut aged 14 in the <a href="/wiki/Open_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Championship">Open Championship</a> in 1865, performing creditably, but dropped out and failed to complete the event. He was placed 9th in 1866, 18 shots behind the winner, and in 1867 Young Tom was placed fourth in the Open Championship. </p><p>Also in 1867, the Morris duo travelled to <a href="/wiki/Carnoustie_Golf_Links" title="Carnoustie Golf Links">Carnoustie Golf Links</a> for a significant open tournament, which attracted a strong field of 32 players, the largest seen anywhere up to that time. Young Tom, at the age of 16, finished in a tie for first place, and then won the playoff over <a href="/wiki/Willie_Park_Sr." title="Willie Park Sr.">Willie Park Sr.</a> (who would eventually win four Open Championships) and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrew_(golfer)" title="Robert Andrew (golfer)">Robert "Bob" Andrew</a>. With this win, he came to general notice and acclaim for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Champion_of_Scotland">Champion of Scotland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Champion of Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Young Tom won the Open Championship in 1868, 1869, 1870, and 1872 (there was no Open Championship in 1871). No one else has since repeated this feat of four straight Open Championships.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2022_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All four championships were played at <a href="/wiki/Prestwick_Golf_Club" title="Prestwick Golf Club">Prestwick Golf Club</a>, the course where he had learned golf as a youth. </p><p>Young Tom's 1868 win, at the age of 17, made him the youngest major champion in golf history, a record which still stands. That same year, his father finished second to him, a unique family occurrence in the Championship. </p><p>In 1869, Young Tom achieved the tournament's first ever <a href="/wiki/Hole-in-one" class="mw-redirect" title="Hole-in-one">hole-in-one</a> by holing out at the 166-yard 8th hole: the scorecard is on display in Prestwick's clubhouse. In keeping with the Rules of the Tournament, Young Tom was allowed to keep the original <a href="/wiki/Challenge_Belt" title="Challenge Belt">Challenge Belt</a>, made of red Moroccan leather with an engraved golf scene on its front silver buckle and funded by Prestwick's members, after his hat-trick of victories. The famous <a href="/wiki/Claret_Jug" title="Claret Jug">Claret Jug</a> was purchased for the tournament in 1873, and his became the first name to be engraved on it, as he had won the Open Championship in 1872. </p><p>During his 1870 win, he began the tournament by scoring a 3 on the first hole of 578 yards, using hickory shafts and a <a href="/wiki/Guttie" class="mw-redirect" title="Guttie">guttie</a> ball, holing a long fairway shot of about 200 yards; given the distances which were possible at that time, this may have been the first-ever <a href="/wiki/Par_(score)#Albatross" title="Par (score)">albatross</a> (double eagle), assuming a par of 6 for that hole;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the term 'par' had not yet been formally invented. His first-round Open score in 1870 of 47 over the 12-hole Prestwick course was the first competitive round anywhere which averaged under four strokes per hole.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tom Morrises, father and son, frequently competed as partners against all challengers for match stakes, winning most of the time, although their success rate dropped once Old Tom passed 50, as he sometimes struggled with his putting. </p><p>Young Tom also toured Scotland and parts of England, both on his own and with fellow golfer <a href="/wiki/Davie_Strath" title="Davie Strath">Davie Strath</a>, playing exhibition matches on their own account, without official sanction; this was the first time this had been done.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young Tom and Strath received some criticism for this, as it challenged the established structure of competition at that time. </p><p>They were also the first players to insist on receiving money up front before a match was to be held; this was the foundation of appearance money, and prior to this the players were at the mercy of the result and the match's patrons. Morris also bet against members and other takers at St Andrews that he could score below a given standard over the Old Course, and won seven times straight. This form of betting was also an innovation at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breaks_record_over_Old_Course">Breaks record over Old Course</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Breaks record over Old Course"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Young Tom broke the course record over the <a href="/wiki/Old_Course_at_St_Andrews" title="Old Course at St Andrews">Old Course at St Andrews</a> by two strokes with a score of 77, to win an extended playoff over Musselburgh's star <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ferguson_(golfer)" title="Bob Ferguson (golfer)">Bob Ferguson</a> for the 1869 St Andrews Professional Tournament; this score then stood as the course record for 20 years. The previous mark of 79 (first set in 1858) had been scored by <a href="/wiki/Allan_Robertson" title="Allan Robertson">Allan Robertson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Tom_Morris" title="Old Tom Morris">Old Tom Morris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Playing_style">Playing style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Playing style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Morris stood about 5'8" with a sturdy, wiry build, and had very strong wrists. He gripped the club with an interlocking grip as clearly seen on his famous photo with his father, in <a href="#Gallery">Gallery</a> below. He had a lengthy backswing, and generally swung quite hard on most of his longer shots, but kept some power in reserve. His long shots were usually low to medium in trajectory, and ran out to very good distances, comparable with most of his main rivals; this technique kept the ball in play, minimized trouble, and fought the wind very well. He was among the first players to intentionally shape shots to curve in flight for shot-making strategy. He invented a new use for the rut iron, a club designed to escape ruts from cart tracks on the course, not an unusual situation in the days before courses were extensively groomed. Morris used the rut iron (a lofted club similar to the modern <a href="/wiki/Sand_wedge" title="Sand wedge">sand wedge</a>) as a pitching club for short approaches, hitting high shots over hazards, which sometimes landed with backspin, another innovation. This was a very difficult shot requiring great skill. Prior to this, the pure running approach, together with the chip-and-run, were the usual methods. He used the <a href="/wiki/Niblick" class="mw-redirect" title="Niblick">niblick</a> (like a modern 9-iron) for similar purposes from farther away; iron play was developed significantly by his examples, which were taken up by rivals.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morris was also an exceptional putter and chipper, virtually always giving the hole a chance, and he won many encounters with clutch short shots. One golf historian wrote that Morris missed fewer short putts than any player he had ever seen. His putting method was unusual: he took an open stance and played the ball very close to his right (back) foot. Morris managed his game well, generally choosing high-percentage shots and routes over more risky options (akin to his father's style), but was rarely afraid to take a calculated risk (being more daring than his father). Morris often was able to raise his game when the pressure increased. When on form, his game was complete and without weaknesses. He was the first golfer in that category, and one of no more than a handful throughout golf history.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Tom_Morris_(3599046080).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Young_Tom_Morris_%283599046080%29.jpg/170px-Young_Tom_Morris_%283599046080%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Young_Tom_Morris_%283599046080%29.jpg/255px-Young_Tom_Morris_%283599046080%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Young_Tom_Morris_%283599046080%29.jpg/340px-Young_Tom_Morris_%283599046080%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Grave memorial, St Andrews, Fife, which shows his name as simply "Tommy"</figcaption></figure> <p>In a team match on 11 September 1875 at <a href="/wiki/North_Berwick" title="North Berwick">North Berwick</a>, with the Morrises facing brothers <a href="/wiki/Willie_Park_Sr." title="Willie Park Sr.">Willie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mungo_Park_(golfer)" title="Mungo Park (golfer)">Mungo Park</a>, Young Tom received a <a href="/wiki/Telegram" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegram">telegram</a> from home requesting his immediate return; his pregnant wife, Margaret Drinnen, had gone into a difficult labour. Only two holes remained in the match; Old Tom and Young Tom finished the match, winning, and hurried home by ship across the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a> and up the coast, but when Young Tom got there both his wife and newborn baby were dead.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2022_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young Tom was broken-hearted. Not quite four months later, on Christmas Day, he died at the age of 24.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official cause of death, according to his death certificate, was <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_hemorrhage" title="Pulmonary hemorrhage">pulmonary hemorrhage</a> causing <a href="/wiki/Apnea" title="Apnea">apnea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young Tom had played and won a marathon challenge match in terrible weather a few weeks earlier, and this may have weakened him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Morris was a tremendous golf innovator who raised the playing standard significantly, and this, together with his aggressive promotion of his own skills, led to an enormous increase in the popularity of golf for spectators. Some of his challenge matches attracted thousands of spectators from all over Scotland. Such was the interest that major London newspapers and magazines sent correspondents to Scotland, a 400-mile trip by rail, to cover his challenge matches in the 1870s. Although Morris won a very high percentage of his matches and tournaments, he managed to minimise animosity among rivals, who had to improve their own games to stay competitive. He had a friendly personality, and was widely respected.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morris was ranked the 14th best golfer of all time in a survey published in <i><a href="/wiki/Golf_Magazine" title="Golf Magazine">Golf Magazine</a></i>, September 2009. He was the top player whose career was entirely in the 19th century. His father, Old Tom, was ranked 19th.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_championship">Major championship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Major championship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wins_(4)"><span id="Wins_.284.29"></span>Wins (4)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Wins (4)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Championship</th> <th>24 holes</th> <th>Winning score</th> <th>Margin</th> <th>Runner(s)-up </th></tr> <tr style="background:#ABCDEF;"> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1868_Open_Championship" title="1868 Open Championship">1868</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Championship" title="The Open Championship">The Open Championship</a></td> <td>1 shot deficit</td> <td>51-54-49=154</td> <td>3 strokes</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Old_Tom_Morris" title="Old Tom Morris">Old Tom Morris</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ABCDEF;"> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1869_Open_Championship" title="1869 Open Championship">1869</a></td> <td>The Open Championship <small> (2)</small></td> <td>4 shot lead</td> <td>50-55-52=157</td> <td>11 strokes</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kirk" title="Bob Kirk">Bob Kirk</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ABCDEF;"> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1870_Open_Championship" title="1870 Open Championship">1870</a></td> <td>The Open Championship <small> (3)</small></td> <td>5 shot lead</td> <td>47-51-51=149</td> <td>12 strokes</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Davie_Strath" title="Davie Strath">Davie Strath</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kirk" title="Bob Kirk">Bob Kirk</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ABCDEF;"> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1872_Open_Championship" title="1872 Open Championship">1872</a></td> <td>The Open Championship <small> (4)</small></td> <td>5 shot deficit</td> <td>57-56-53=166</td> <td>3 strokes</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Davie_Strath" title="Davie Strath">Davie Strath</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_timeline">Results timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Results timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tournament </th> <th>1865 </th> <th>1866 </th> <th>1867 </th> <th>1868 </th> <th>1869 </th> <th>1870 </th> <th>1871 </th> <th>1872 </th> <th>1873 </th> <th>1874 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Championship" title="The Open Championship">The Open Championship</a> </td> <td>WD </td> <td style="background:yellow;">9 </td> <td style="background:yellow;">4 </td> <td style="background:lime;"><b>1</b> </td> <td style="background:lime;"><b>1</b> </td> <td style="background:lime;"><b>1</b> </td> <td style="background:#eeeeee;">NT </td> <td style="background:lime;"><b>1</b> </td> <td style="background:yellow;">T3 </td> <td style="background:yellow;">2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><i>Note: <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Championship" title="The Open Championship">The Open Championship</a> was the only major played during Morris's lifetime.</i></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lime; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Win</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Top 10</div> <p>NT = No tournament<br /> WD = Withdrew<br /> "T" indicates a tie for a place </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depictions_in_film_and_print">Depictions in film and print</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Depictions in film and print"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2016 film <i><a href="/wiki/Tommy%27s_Honour" title="Tommy's Honour">Tommy's Honour</a></i> depicts the lives and careers of Old Tom (<a href="/wiki/Peter_Mullan" title="Peter Mullan">Peter Mullan</a>) and Young Tom (<a href="/wiki/Jack_Lowden" title="Jack Lowden">Jack Lowden</a>), and focuses on their complex and bittersweet relationship. It is based on Kevin Cook's <a href="/wiki/List_of_golf_awards#United_States_Golf_Association" title="List of golf awards">Herbert Warren Wind Book Award</a>–winning 2007 biography, <i>Tommy's Honor: The Story of Old Tom Morris and Young Tom Morris, Golf's Founding Father and Son</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NRS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NRS_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/features/old-tom-morris-and-young-tom-morris">"Old Tom Morris and Young Tom Morris"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Records_of_Scotland" title="National Records of Scotland">National Records of Scotland</a>. 31 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+Tom+Morris+and+Young+Tom+Morris&rft.pub=National+Records+of+Scotland&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fresearch%2Flearning%2Ffeatures%2Fold-tom-morris-and-young-tom-morris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Tom+Morris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/features/old-tom-morris-and-young-tom-morris">"Old Tom Morris and Young Tom Morris"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Records_of_Scotland" title="National Records of Scotland">National Records of Scotland</a>. 31 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+Tom+Morris+and+Young+Tom+Morris&rft.pub=National+Records+of+Scotland&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fresearch%2Flearning%2Ffeatures%2Fold-tom-morris-and-young-tom-morris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Tom+Morris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016164928/http://www.theopen.com/en/History/OpenChampions.aspx#player=Tommy+MORRIS++JR">"1868 Tommy Morris Jr"</a>. The Open. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theopen.com/en/History/OpenChampions.aspx#player=Tommy+MORRIS++JR">the original</a> on 16 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1868+Tommy+Morris+Jr&rft.pub=The+Open&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theopen.com%2Fen%2FHistory%2FOpenChampions.aspx%23player%3DTommy%2BMORRIS%2B%2BJR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Tom+Morris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc2022-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2022_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2022_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2022_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2022_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2022_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScrivener2022" class="citation news cs1">Scrivener, Peter (2 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/sport/golf/61641438">"The 150th Open Championship: Young Tom Morris, Old Tom Morris and how it all began"</a>. BBC Sport<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+150th+Open+Championship%3A+Young+Tom+Morris%2C+Old+Tom+Morris+and+how+it+all+began&rft.date=2022-06-02&rft.aulast=Scrivener&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fsport%2Fgolf%2F61641438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Tom+Morris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060805110648/http://www.pgatour.com/story/9581272">"Notes: Young Tom Morris gets 20 days older"</a>. PGA Tour. 1 August 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pgatour.com/story/9581272">the original</a> on 5 August 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notes%3A+Young+Tom+Morris+gets+20+days+older&rft.pub=PGA+Tour&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pgatour.com%2Fstory%2F9581272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Tom+Morris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, pp. 79–80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, pp. 1–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, pp. 70–93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, pp. 115–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020013943/http://www.prestwickgc.co.uk/history/open">"History – The Open"</a>. Prestwick Golf Club. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prestwickgc.co.uk/history/open">the original</a> on 20 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+%E2%80%93+The+Open&rft.pub=Prestwick+Golf+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prestwickgc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fopen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Tom+Morris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton2006" class="citation news cs1">Clayton, Mike (29 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/golf/mystery-of-scottish-champ-finally-solved/2006/01/28/1138319490049.html">"Mystery of Scottish champ finally solved"</a>. <i>The Age</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Mystery+of+Scottish+champ+finally+solved&rft.date=2006-01-29&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Fgolf%2Fmystery-of-scottish-champ-finally-solved%2F2006%2F01%2F28%2F1138319490049.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Tom+Morris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cook-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cook_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cook_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cook_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cook_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, pp. 157–8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, pp. 265–291</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquegolfscotland.com/antiquegolf/openchamp.php3?openid=1875">"1875: Prestwick"</a>. <i>antiquegolfscotland.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=antiquegolfscotland.com&rft.atitle=1875%3A+Prestwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antiquegolfscotland.com%2Fantiquegolf%2Fopenchamp.php3%3Fopenid%3D1875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Tom+Morris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Golf_Magazine" title="Golf Magazine">Golf Magazine</a></i>, September 2009, pp. 180–184</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1998" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Peter (1998). <i>Professional Golf 1819–1885</i>. St Andrews, Scotland: Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Professional+Golf+1819%E2%80%931885&rft.place=St+Andrews%2C+Scotland&rft.pub=Royal+and+Ancient+Golf+Club+of+St+Andrews&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Tom+Morris" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2007" class="citation book cs1">Cook, Kevin (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tommyshonorstory00cook"><i>Tommy's Honor</i></a></span>. New York: Gotham Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59240-342-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59240-342-4"><bdi>978-1-59240-342-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tommy%27s+Honor&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Gotham+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59240-342-4&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftommyshonorstory00cook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Tom+Morris" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Proctor2019" class="citation book cs1">Stephen Proctor (11 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IPWPDwAAQBAJ"><i>Monarch of the Green: Young Tom Morris: Pioneer of Modern Golf</i></a>. Birlinn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78885-166-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78885-166-4"><bdi>978-1-78885-166-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monarch+of+the+Green%3A+Young+Tom+Morris%3A+Pioneer+of+Modern+Golf&rft.pub=Birlinn&rft.date=2019-04-11&rft.isbn=978-1-78885-166-4&rft.au=Stephen+Proctor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIPWPDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Tom+Morris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Tom_Morris&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="mw-selflink selflink">Young Tom Morris</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Tom_Morris" title="Old Tom Morris">Old Tom Morris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_golf_courses_designed_by_Old_Tom_Morris" title="List of golf courses designed by Old Tom Morris">List of golf courses designed by Old Tom Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Tom_Morris_Award" title="Old Tom Morris Award">Old Tom Morris Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Championship" title="The Open Championship">The Open Championship victories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1861_Open_Championship" title="1861 Open Championship">1861 Open Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1862_Open_Championship" title="1862 Open Championship">1862 Open Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Open_Championship" title="1864 Open Championship">1864 Open Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Open_Championship" title="1867 Open Championship">1867 Open Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_Belt" title="Challenge Belt">Challenge Belt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Golf_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Golf Hall of Fame">World Golf Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Morris_Golf_Shop" title="Tom Morris Golf Shop">Tom Morris Golf Shop</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_and_Young_Tom_Morris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Old_and_Young_Tom_Morris.jpg/90px-Old_and_Young_Tom_Morris.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Old_and_Young_Tom_Morris.jpg/135px-Old_and_Young_Tom_Morris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Old_and_Young_Tom_Morris.jpg/180px-Old_and_Young_Tom_Morris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="527" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Young Tom Morris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Championship" title="The Open Championship">The Open Championship victories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1868_Open_Championship" title="1868 Open Championship">1868 Open Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Open_Championship" title="1869 Open Championship">1869 Open Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_Open_Championship" title="1870 Open Championship">1870 Open Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Open_Championship" title="1872 Open Championship">1872 Open Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_Belt" title="Challenge Belt">Challenge Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claret_Jug" title="Claret Jug">Claret Jug</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Golf_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Golf Hall of Fame">World Golf Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tommy%27s_Honour" title="Tommy's Honour">Tommy's Honour</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_Golf_Club" title="St Andrews Golf Club">St Andrews Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_and_Ancient_Golf_Club_of_St_Andrews" title="The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews">The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_in_Scotland" title="Golf in Scotland">Golf in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_Links" title="St Andrews Links">St Andrews Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Course_at_St_Andrews" title="Old Course at St Andrews">Old Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_Links#New_Course" title="St Andrews Links">New Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_Links#Jubilee_Course" title="St Andrews Links">Jubilee Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_Ladies%27_Putting_Club" title="St Andrews Ladies' Putting Club">The Himalayas putting course</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestwick_Golf_Club" title="Prestwick Golf Club">Prestwick Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnoustie_Golf_Links" title="Carnoustie Golf Links">Carnoustie Golf Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Robertson" title="Allan Robertson">Allan Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_golf" title="History of golf">History of golf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Open_Championship_champions406" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ABCDEF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Open_champions" title="Template:The Open champions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Open_champions" title="Template talk:The Open champions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Open_champions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Open champions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Open_Championship_champions406" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Championship" title="The Open Championship">The Open Championship</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Open_Championship_champions" title="List of The Open Championship champions">champions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1860 <a href="/wiki/Willie_Park_Sr." title="Willie Park Sr.">Willie Park Sr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1861 <a href="/wiki/Old_Tom_Morris" title="Old Tom Morris">Tom Morris Sr.</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1862 <a href="/wiki/Old_Tom_Morris" title="Old Tom Morris">Tom Morris Sr.</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1863 <a href="/wiki/Willie_Park_Sr." title="Willie Park Sr.">Willie Park Sr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1864 <a href="/wiki/Old_Tom_Morris" title="Old Tom Morris">Tom Morris Sr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1865 <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Strath" title="Andrew Strath">Andrew Strath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1866 <a href="/wiki/Willie_Park_Sr." title="Willie Park Sr.">Willie Park Sr.</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1867 <a href="/wiki/Old_Tom_Morris" title="Old Tom Morris">Tom Morris Sr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1868 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tom Morris Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1869 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tom Morris Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1870 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tom Morris Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1872 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tom Morris Jr.</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1873 <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kidd_(golfer)" title="Tom Kidd (golfer)">Tom Kidd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1874 <a href="/wiki/Mungo_Park_(golfer)" title="Mungo Park (golfer)">Mungo Park</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1875 <a href="/wiki/Willie_Park_Sr." title="Willie Park Sr.">Willie Park Sr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1876 <a href="/wiki/Bob_Martin_(golfer)" title="Bob Martin (golfer)">Bob Martin</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1877 <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Anderson_(golfer)" title="Jamie Anderson (golfer)">Jamie Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1878 <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Anderson_(golfer)" title="Jamie Anderson (golfer)">Jamie Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1879 <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Anderson_(golfer)" title="Jamie Anderson (golfer)">Jamie Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1880 <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ferguson_(golfer)" title="Bob Ferguson (golfer)">Bob Ferguson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1881 <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ferguson_(golfer)" title="Bob Ferguson (golfer)">Bob Ferguson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1882 <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ferguson_(golfer)" title="Bob Ferguson (golfer)">Bob Ferguson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1883 <a href="/wiki/Willie_Fernie_(golfer)" title="Willie Fernie (golfer)">Willie Fernie</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1884 <a href="/wiki/Jack_Simpson_(golfer)" title="Jack Simpson (golfer)">Jack Simpson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1885 <a href="/wiki/Bob_Martin_(golfer)" title="Bob Martin (golfer)">Bob Martin</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1886 <a href="/wiki/David_Brown_(golfer)" title="David Brown (golfer)">David Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1887 <a href="/wiki/Willie_Park_Jr." title="Willie Park Jr.">Willie Park Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1888 <a href="/wiki/Jack_Burns_(golfer)" title="Jack Burns (golfer)">Jack Burns</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1889 <a href="/wiki/Willie_Park_Jr." title="Willie Park Jr.">Willie Park Jr.</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1890 <a href="/wiki/John_Ball_(golfer)" title="John Ball (golfer)">John Ball</a># </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1891 <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Kirkaldy" title="Hugh Kirkaldy">Hugh Kirkaldy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1892 <a href="/wiki/Harold_Hilton" title="Harold Hilton">Harold Hilton</a>#</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1893 <a href="/wiki/William_Auchterlonie" title="William Auchterlonie">William Auchterlonie</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1894 <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Taylor" title="John Henry Taylor">John Henry Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1895 <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Taylor" title="John Henry Taylor">John Henry Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1896 <a href="/wiki/Harry_Vardon" title="Harry Vardon">Harry Vardon</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1897 <a href="/wiki/Harold_Hilton" title="Harold Hilton">Harold Hilton</a>#</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1898 <a href="/wiki/Harry_Vardon" title="Harry Vardon">Harry Vardon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1899 <a href="/wiki/Harry_Vardon" title="Harry Vardon">Harry Vardon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1900 <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Taylor" title="John Henry Taylor">John Henry Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1901 <a href="/wiki/James_Braid_(golfer)" title="James Braid (golfer)">James Braid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902 <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Herd" title="Sandy Herd">Sandy Herd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903 <a href="/wiki/Harry_Vardon" title="Harry Vardon">Harry Vardon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904 <a href="/wiki/Jack_White_(golfer)" title="Jack White (golfer)">Jack White</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905 <a href="/wiki/James_Braid_(golfer)" title="James Braid (golfer)">James Braid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906 <a href="/wiki/James_Braid_(golfer)" title="James Braid (golfer)">James Braid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907 <a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Massy" title="Arnaud Massy">Arnaud Massy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908 <a href="/wiki/James_Braid_(golfer)" title="James Braid (golfer)">James Braid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909 <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Taylor" title="John Henry Taylor">John Henry Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910 <a href="/wiki/James_Braid_(golfer)" title="James Braid (golfer)">James Braid</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911 <a href="/wiki/Harry_Vardon" title="Harry Vardon">Harry Vardon</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912‡ <a href="/wiki/Ted_Ray_(golfer)" title="Ted Ray (golfer)">Edward Ray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913 <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Taylor" title="John Henry Taylor">John Henry Taylor</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914 <a href="/wiki/Harry_Vardon" title="Harry Vardon">Harry Vardon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920 <a href="/wiki/George_Duncan_(golfer)" title="George Duncan (golfer)">George Duncan</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921 <a href="/wiki/Jock_Hutchison" title="Jock Hutchison">Jock Hutchison</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922 <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hagen" title="Walter Hagen">Walter Hagen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923 <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Havers" title="Arthur Havers">Arthur Havers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924 <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hagen" title="Walter Hagen">Walter Hagen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925 <a href="/wiki/Jim_Barnes" title="Jim Barnes">Jim Barnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1926 <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jones_(golfer)" title="Bobby Jones (golfer)">Bobby Jones</a>#</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927‡ <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jones_(golfer)" title="Bobby Jones (golfer)">Bobby Jones</a>#</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928 <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hagen" title="Walter Hagen">Walter Hagen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929 <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hagen" title="Walter Hagen">Walter Hagen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930 <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jones_(golfer)" title="Bobby Jones (golfer)">Bobby Jones</a>#</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931 <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Armour" title="Tommy Armour">Tommy Armour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932‡ <a href="/wiki/Gene_Sarazen" title="Gene Sarazen">Gene Sarazen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933 <a href="/wiki/Denny_Shute" title="Denny Shute">Denny Shute</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934‡ <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cotton_(golfer)" title="Henry Cotton (golfer)">Henry Cotton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935 <a href="/wiki/Alf_Perry" title="Alf Perry">Alf Perry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936 <a href="/wiki/Alf_Padgham" title="Alf Padgham">Alf Padgham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cotton_(golfer)" title="Henry Cotton (golfer)">Henry Cotton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938 <a href="/wiki/Reg_Whitcombe" title="Reg Whitcombe">Reg Whitcombe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939 <a href="/wiki/Dick_Burton_(golfer)" title="Dick Burton (golfer)">Dick Burton</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946 <a href="/wiki/Sam_Snead" title="Sam Snead">Sam Snead</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947 <a href="/wiki/Fred_Daly_(golfer)" title="Fred Daly (golfer)">Fred Daly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cotton_(golfer)" title="Henry Cotton (golfer)">Henry Cotton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949 <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Locke" title="Bobby Locke">Bobby Locke</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950 <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Locke" title="Bobby Locke">Bobby Locke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1951 <a href="/wiki/Max_Faulkner" title="Max Faulkner">Max Faulkner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952 <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Locke" title="Bobby Locke">Bobby Locke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953 <a href="/wiki/Ben_Hogan" title="Ben Hogan">Ben Hogan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Thomson_(golfer)" title="Peter Thomson (golfer)">Peter Thomson</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Thomson_(golfer)" title="Peter Thomson (golfer)">Peter Thomson</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Thomson_(golfer)" title="Peter Thomson (golfer)">Peter Thomson</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957 <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Locke" title="Bobby Locke">Bobby Locke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Thomson_(golfer)" title="Peter Thomson (golfer)">Peter Thomson</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959 <a href="/wiki/Gary_Player" title="Gary Player">Gary Player</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960 <a href="/wiki/Kel_Nagle" title="Kel Nagle">Kel Nagle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961 <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Palmer" title="Arnold Palmer">Arnold Palmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962 <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Palmer" title="Arnold Palmer">Arnold Palmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963 <a href="/wiki/Bob_Charles_(golfer)" title="Bob Charles (golfer)">Bob Charles</a>† </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Lema" title="Tony Lema">Tony Lema</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Thomson_(golfer)" title="Peter Thomson (golfer)">Peter Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966 <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicklaus" title="Jack Nicklaus">Jack Nicklaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967 <a href="/wiki/Roberto_De_Vicenzo" title="Roberto De Vicenzo">Roberto De Vicenzo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968 <a href="/wiki/Gary_Player" title="Gary Player">Gary Player</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Jacklin" title="Tony Jacklin">Tony Jacklin</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970 <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicklaus" title="Jack Nicklaus">Jack Nicklaus</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971 <a href="/wiki/Lee_Trevino" title="Lee Trevino">Lee Trevino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972 <a href="/wiki/Lee_Trevino" title="Lee Trevino">Lee Trevino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973‡ <a href="/wiki/Tom_Weiskopf" title="Tom Weiskopf">Tom Weiskopf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974 <a href="/wiki/Gary_Player" title="Gary Player">Gary Player</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975 <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson_(golfer)" title="Tom Watson (golfer)">Tom Watson</a>† </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1976 <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Miller" title="Johnny Miller">Johnny Miller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977 <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson_(golfer)" title="Tom Watson (golfer)">Tom Watson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978 <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicklaus" title="Jack Nicklaus">Jack Nicklaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979 <a href="/wiki/Seve_Ballesteros" title="Seve Ballesteros">Seve Ballesteros</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980 <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson_(golfer)" title="Tom Watson (golfer)">Tom Watson</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981 <a href="/wiki/Bill_Rogers_(golfer)" title="Bill Rogers (golfer)">Bill Rogers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982 <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson_(golfer)" title="Tom Watson (golfer)">Tom Watson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983 <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson_(golfer)" title="Tom Watson (golfer)">Tom Watson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984 <a href="/wiki/Seve_Ballesteros" title="Seve Ballesteros">Seve Ballesteros</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985 <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Lyle" title="Sandy Lyle">Sandy Lyle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986 <a href="/wiki/Greg_Norman" title="Greg Norman">Greg Norman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987 <a href="/wiki/Nick_Faldo" title="Nick Faldo">Nick Faldo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988 <a href="/wiki/Seve_Ballesteros" title="Seve Ballesteros">Seve Ballesteros</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989 <a href="/wiki/Mark_Calcavecchia" title="Mark Calcavecchia">Mark Calcavecchia</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990 <a href="/wiki/Nick_Faldo" title="Nick Faldo">Nick Faldo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991 <a href="/wiki/Ian_Baker-Finch" title="Ian Baker-Finch">Ian Baker-Finch</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992 <a href="/wiki/Nick_Faldo" title="Nick Faldo">Nick Faldo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993 <a href="/wiki/Greg_Norman" title="Greg Norman">Greg Norman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994 <a href="/wiki/Nick_Price" title="Nick Price">Nick Price</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995 <a href="/wiki/John_Daly_(golfer)" title="John Daly (golfer)">John Daly</a>† </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996 <a href="/wiki/Tom_Lehman" title="Tom Lehman">Tom Lehman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997 <a href="/wiki/Justin_Leonard" title="Justin Leonard">Justin Leonard</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998 <a href="/wiki/Mark_O%27Meara" title="Mark O'Meara">Mark O'Meara</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lawrie" title="Paul Lawrie">Paul Lawrie</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000 <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Woods" title="Tiger Woods">Tiger Woods</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001 <a href="/wiki/David_Duval" title="David Duval">David Duval</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002 <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Els" title="Ernie Els">Ernie Els</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003 <a href="/wiki/Ben_Curtis_(golfer)" title="Ben Curtis (golfer)">Ben Curtis</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004 <a href="/wiki/Todd_Hamilton" title="Todd Hamilton">Todd Hamilton</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005‡ <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Woods" title="Tiger Woods">Tiger Woods</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006 <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Woods" title="Tiger Woods">Tiger Woods</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007 <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1draig_Harrington" title="Pádraig Harrington">Pádraig Harrington</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008 <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1draig_Harrington" title="Pádraig Harrington">Pádraig Harrington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009 <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Cink" title="Stewart Cink">Stewart Cink</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010 <a href="/wiki/Louis_Oosthuizen" title="Louis Oosthuizen">Louis Oosthuizen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011 <a href="/wiki/Darren_Clarke" title="Darren Clarke">Darren Clarke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012 <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Els" title="Ernie Els">Ernie Els</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013 <a href="/wiki/Phil_Mickelson" title="Phil Mickelson">Phil Mickelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014‡ <a href="/wiki/Rory_McIlroy" title="Rory McIlroy">Rory McIlroy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015 <a href="/wiki/Zach_Johnson" title="Zach Johnson">Zach Johnson</a>†</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016 <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Stenson" title="Henrik Stenson">Henrik Stenson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017 <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Spieth" title="Jordan Spieth">Jordan Spieth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018 <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Molinari" title="Francesco Molinari">Francesco Molinari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019 <a href="/wiki/Shane_Lowry" title="Shane Lowry">Shane Lowry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021 <a href="/wiki/Collin_Morikawa" title="Collin Morikawa">Collin Morikawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022 <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Smith_(golfer)" title="Cameron Smith (golfer)">Cameron Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023 <a href="/wiki/Brian_Harman" title="Brian Harman">Brian Harman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024 <a href="/wiki/Xander_Schauffele" title="Xander Schauffele">Xander Schauffele</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ABCDEF"><div>† indicates the event was won in a playoff; ‡ indicates the event was won wire-to-wire in 72-holes; # indicates the event was won by an amateur<br />1871 <i>No championship</i>; 1915–1919 <i>cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></i>; 1940–1945 <i>cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></i>; 2020 <i>cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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