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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Gallout a rit gwelet hag eilañ mammenn ar bajenn-mañ. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="br" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{| class="infobox" style="width:auto; font-size:90%;" |- ! colspan="2"| <div style="background-image:linear-gradient(to right, #ffc0c0, #fff);"> {| width="100%" |- ! style="text-align:right; font-size:2em; padding-top:10px;"|Molibden |[[Restr:Vector molecule.svg|32px|right]] |}</div> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Niobiom]] – '''Molibden''' – [[Teknetiom]] |- |colspan="2"| {| |- | [[Krom|Cr]]<br>'''Mo'''<br>[[Wolfram|W]] | colspan="2" align="center" | [[Restr:Mo-TableImage.svg|250px|taolenn beriodek, Molibden]] <div style="text-align: right"><mark>[[Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù|Taolenn beriodek]]</mark></div> |} ---- |- | '''[[Niver atomek]]''' || 42 |- | '''Rummad kimiek''' || [[Metaloù ardreuzat]] |- | '''[[Strollad eus an daolenn beriodek|Strollad]]''' || 6 |- | '''[[Trovezh (taolenn drovezhiek)|Trovezh]]''' || 5 |- | '''[[Aozadur elektronek]]''' || [Kr] 4d<sup>5</sup> 5s<sup>1</sup> |- | '''[[Niver oksidadur]]''' || +6 |- | '''[[Tredanleiegezh]]''' || 2,16 |- | '''[[Skin atomek]]''' || 136,3 |- | '''[[Tolz atomek]]''' || 95,96 |- bgcolor="#fff" | colspan="2"| ---- [[Restr:Electron shell 042 Molybdenum - no label.svg|150px|center]] ---- |- bgcolor="#fff" | colspan="2"| [[Restr:Molybdenum crystaline fragment and 1cm3 cube.jpg|280px|center]] 1 cm<sup>3</sup> eo ec'honad an diñs '''molibden'''. ---- |- ! [[Restr:Info icon 001.svg|24px|link=[[Skoazell:Elfennoù kimiek]]]] |} Un [[elfenn gimiek]] eo ar '''molibden''' ; '''Mo''' eo e [[arouez kimiek]], '''42''' e [[niver atomek]] ha '''95,96''' e [[mas atomek|dolz atomek]]. Ur [[metal ardreuzat]] eo. Ur metal blot liv an [[arc'hant]] eo ar molibden, a gaver er ''molibdenit'' (MoS<sub>2</sub>) hag er ''wulfenit'' (MoO<sub>4</sub>Pb).<br> [[Sina]] a voe ar c'henderc'her pennañ e [[2011]], gant 94 000 tonennad a volibden ; d'he heul e voe [[Stadoù-Unanet Amerika]] (64 000 t), [[Chile]] (38 000 t), [[Perou]] (18 000 t) ha [[Mec'hiko]] (12 000 t). War-lerc'h e teuas [[Kanada]] (8 300 t), [[Armenia]] (4 200 t), [[Rusia]] (3 800 t), [[Iran]] (3 700 t), [[Ouzbekistan]] (550 t), [[Kazakhstan]] (360 t) ha [[Kirgizstan]] (250 t). War-dro 250 000 tonennad a volibden a voe kenderc'het e 2011 eta, ur c'hresk a 8 000 t e-keñver ar bloavezh [[2010]]. Trawalc'h a volibden a chom evit bastañ da ezhommoù an dazont a c'haller rakjediñ.<ref name="USGS">[http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/molybdenum/mcs-2012-molyb.pdf ''United States Geological Survey''] {{en}} Liamm oberiant 16 HER 12</ref> == Istor == E-pad pell e voe ar ''molibdenit'' droukvesket gant ar [[grafit]] (an daou a c'hall servijout da zuañ ur gorread ha da lardigenniñ) ha gant kailh [[plom]] (PbS, anvet ''galen''), evel m'en diskouez e anv Μόλυβδος ''molubdos'', a dalvez "plom" en [[henc'hresianeg]].<br> Kavet ez eus bet ur c'hleze [[japan]]at bet goveliet e [[1330]] diwar ur [[kendeuzad|c'hendeuzad]] molibden ha [[dir]], hogen kollet e voe an dro-vicher<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130722102351/http://www.imoa.info/molybdenum/molydbenum_history.php International Molybdenum Association] {{en}} Liamm oberiant 16 HER 12</ref>.<br> E [[1754]] e voe echuet gant an droukkemer pa voe prouet ne oa plom ebet er ''molibdenit'' gant ar [[kimiezh|c'himiour]] [[Sveden|svedat]] Bengt Andersson Qvist.<br /> E [[1778]] e voe kadarnaet gant ur c'himiour svedat all, Carl Wilhelm Scheele e anv, n'eo ar ''molibdenit'' na grafit na galen ; un elfenn nevez e oa er c'hailh-se neuze, a anvas ''molybdenum'' hag a voe hiniennekaet gant ar c'himiour svedat Peter Jacob Hjelm e [[1781]] a-drugarez da garbon ha da eoul [[lin]]. == Perzhioù == === Kimiek === Adal 600[[gwrezverk|°C]] e vez [[oksiderezh|oksidet]] ar molibden, a ro ''trioksid molibden'' MoO<sub>3</sub> neuze, hag e 2 615&nbsp;°C e teuz.<br> Setu amañ perzhioù pennañ ar molibden :<ref>[http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=616 ''A to Z of Materials] {{en}}Liamm oberiant 16 HER 12</ref> * div wezh nebeutoc'h eget dir e koeñv pa vez lakaet e gwrezverkoù uhel ; * mat eo da dreuzkas an tredan hag ar wrez ; * solutoc'h eget an dir eo ; * kalet e chom er wrez < 2 615&nbsp;°C ; * kalet a-walc'h hag orjalennus a-walc'h e chom da 25&nbsp;°C ; * uhel eo e [[douester|zouester]] (10,2 g/cm<sup>3</sup>). === Izotopoù === Bez' ez anavezer 35 [[izotop]], eus '''<sup>83</sup>Mo''' betek '''<sup>117</sup>Mo'''. Seizh anezho a gaver en natur : '''<sup>92</sup>Mo''', '''<sup>94</sup>Mo''', '''<sup>95</sup>Mo''', '''<sup>96</sup>Mo''', '''<sup>97</sup>Mo''', '''<sup>98</sup>Mo''' ha '''<sup>100</sup>Mo''', an hini diwezhañ-mañ o vezañ distabil — da izotopoù an [[niobiom]], ar [[ruteniom]] pe an [[teknetiom]] e tro izotopoù distabil ar molibden.<br> '''<sup>98</sup>Mo''' eo an izotop paotañ (24,14 % eus ar molibden). == Arver == E [[1906]] ez embannas ar [[fizik]]our amerikan William David Coolidge un doare da lakaat ar molibden da vezañ ''orjalennus'', da lavaret eo e c'halljer e astenn hep na dorrje, ar pezh a voe arveret er fornioù uhelwreverk hag el lampoù dre [[kannder|gannder]].<br> E-pad ar [[Brezel-bed kentañ]] e voe implijet kalz molibden da fardañ hobregonoù evit an [[tank]]où, hag evit erlec'hiañ ar [[wolfram]] en dir — an arver diwezhañ-mañ a voe graet ivez e-pad an [[Eil brezel-bed]]. === Kendeuzadoù === War-dro 87 % eus ar molibden a voe kenderc'het e 2011 zo aet da fardañ kendeuzadoù — evit an dir peurliesañ, ar peurrest o vont d'ar gimiezh c'hreantel<ref>[http://www.crugroup.com/ ''Commodities Research Unit''] {{en}}Liamm oberiant 16 HER 12</ref>{{,}}<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120310004452/http://www.lme.com/minormetals/6782.asp ''London Metal Exchange''] {{en}}Liamm oberiant 16 HER 12</ref>.<br> En abeg d'e berzhioù e gwrezverkoù uhel e vez arveret er fardañ hobregonoù, [[karr-nij|kirri-nij]], en [[tredan]]erezh, er c'hefluskerioù hag el lampoù.<br /> Abalamour ma'z eo marc'hadmatoc'h e vez ar molibden lakaet da erlec'hiañ ar wolfram c'hoazh hiziv an deiz.<br> Evel danvez-strujañ ez implijer poultr molibden (war ar [[kaol-fleur|c'haol-fleur]] da skouer)<ref>''Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry'', pp. 1038-1040.</ref>. === Erlec'hiadoù === Peogwir e kaver molibden a-builh n'eus ket bet klasket erlec'hiadoù dezhañ, hogen rakwelet ez eus un nebeud elfennoù all a c'hallje kemer e lec'h er greanterezh : [[krom]], [[vanadiom]], [[niobiom]] ha [[bor]] er c'henaozadoù dir ; wolfram e dir an ostilhoù ; grafit, wolfram ha [[tantalom]] er fornioù tredan uhelwrezverk ; krom, [[kadmiom]] ha kenaozadoù [[karbon]] da fardañ liv melen-ruz. == Notennoù == {{Daveoù}} <div style="font-size:90%;"> == Daveennoù == * [http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content ''American Chemical Society''] {{en}} <small>Liamm oberiant 25 DU 12</small> * AN NOALLEG Yann-Baol, ''Geriadur ar Gimiezh'', Preder, Plomelin, 2008 ISBN 978-2-901383-69-7 [http://preder.net/index.php?lang=bz Preder] * AN NOALLEG Yann-Baol, ''Geriadur ar Fizik'', Preder, Plomelin, 2006 ISBN 978-2-901383-64-2 * ''Annales de chimie et de physique'', [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb343780820/date.r=.langFR Gallica / ''Bibliothèque nationale de France''] {{fr}} <small>Liamm oberiant 26 HER 12</small> * ''Atomic weights of the elements 2007 (IUPAC Technical Report)'' [http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/81/11/2131/ ''Pure an Applied Chemistry''] {{en}} <small>Liamm oberiant 26 HER 12</small> * ''Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements'' [http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=&ascii=html&isotype=some ''National Institute of Standards and Technology''] {{en}} <small>Liamm oberiant 18 HER 12</small> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110525023159/http://www.brgm.fr/index.jsp ''Bureau de Recherche Géologique et Minière (BRGM)''] {{fr}} <small>Liamm oberiant 26 HER 12</small> * CONSIDINE Glenn D., ''Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry'', Wiley-Interscience, 2005 ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5 {{en}} * DEPOVERE Paul, ''La classification périodique des éléments — La merveille fondamentale de l'Univers'', De Boeck, Brussels, Belgia, 2002 ISBN 978-2-8041-4107-3 {{fr}} * EMSLEY John, ''Nature's Building Blocks — An A-Z Guide to the Elements'', Oxford University Press, 2001 ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5 {{en}} * ''Geriadur brezhoneg'' An Here, Plougastell-Daoulaz, 2001 ISBN 978-2-86843-236-0 * ÉTIENNE Guy, ''Geriadur ar Stlenneg'', Preder, 1996 ISBN 978-2-901383-14-7 * HOLDEN Norman, ''History of the Origin of the Chemical elements and Their Discoverers'', New York, 2001 [http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/content/elements.html ''Brookhaven National Laboratory''] {{en}} <small>Liamm oberiant 26 HER 12</small> * [http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/ ''International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)''] {{en}} <small>Liamm oberiant 26 HER 12</small> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121031181703/http://www.jinr.ru/default.asp?language=eng ''Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (ОИЯИ e Dubna)''] {{en}} <small>Liamm oberiant 25 DU 2012</small> * LIDE David R., ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics - 88th Edition'', CRC Press, 2007 ISBN 978-0-8493-0488-0 {{en}} * [http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/ ''National Nuclear Data Center''] {{en}} <small>Liamm oberiant 09 KZU 12</small> * [http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/ ''Royal Society of Chemistry''] {{en}} <small>Liamm oberiant 03 KZU 2012</small> * STWERTKA Albert, ''A Guide to the Elements'', Oxford University Press, 1996 ISBN 978-0-19-508083-4 {{en}} * [http://www.webelements.com/ ''Webelements''] {{en}} <small>Liamm oberiant 26 HER 2012</small> </div> {{ElfennoùKimiek}} [[Rummad:Elfennoù kimiek]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Patromoù implijet war ar bajenn-mañ : </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrom:," title="Patrom:,">Patrom:,</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrom:,&action=edit" title="Patrom:,">kemmañ</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Patrom:Clr" title="Patrom:Clr">Patrom:Clr</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrom:Clr&action=edit" title="Patrom:Clr">kemmañ</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Patrom:Daveo%C3%B9" title="Patrom:Daveoù">Patrom:Daveoù</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrom:Daveo%C3%B9&action=edit" title="Patrom:Daveoù">kemmañ</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Patrom:Elfenno%C3%B9Kimiek" title="Patrom:ElfennoùKimiek">Patrom:ElfennoùKimiek</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrom:Elfenno%C3%B9Kimiek&action=edit" title="Patrom:ElfennoùKimiek">kemmañ</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Patrom:En" title="Patrom:En">Patrom:En</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrom:En&action=edit" title="Patrom:En">kemmañ</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Patrom:Fr" title="Patrom:Fr">Patrom:Fr</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrom:Fr&action=edit" title="Patrom:Fr">kemmañ</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Patrom:Meneger_yezh" title="Patrom:Meneger yezh">Patrom:Meneger yezh</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrom:Meneger_yezh&action=edit" title="Patrom:Meneger yezh">kemmañ</a>) </li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Distreiñ d'ar bajenn <a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">Molibden</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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