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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Se også</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kategorier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kategorier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Kategorier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kategorier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artikler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artikler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Artikler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artikler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Massemedier</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 121 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-121" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">121 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massemedium" title="Massemedium – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Massemedium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massemedie" title="Massemedie – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Massemedie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massmedium" title="Massmedium – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Massmedium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%B8lmi%C3%B0lar" title="Fjølmiðlar – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fjølmiðlar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lmi%C3%B0ill" title="Fjölmiðill – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjölmiðill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massamedia" title="Massamedia – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Massamedia" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massenmedien" title="Massenmedien – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Massenmedien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="إعلام – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إعلام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medio_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n" title="Medio de comunicación – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Medio de comunicación" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediu_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n_de_mases" title="Mediu de comunicación de mases – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mediu de comunicación de mases" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCtl%C9%99vi_informasiya_vasit%C9%99l%C9%99ri" title="Kütləvi informasiya vasitələri – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kütləvi informasiya vasitələri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AE" title="গণমাধ্যম – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গণমাধ্যম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81i-chi%C3%B2ng_m%C3%BBi-th%C3%A9" title="Tāi-chiòng mûi-thé – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tāi-chiòng mûi-thé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D2%A3_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%93%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Киң мәғлүмәт саралары – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Киң мәғлүмәт саралары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Сродкі масавай інфармацыі – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сродкі масавай інфармацыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Сродак масавай інфармацыі – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сродак масавай інфармацыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Средство за масова информация – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Средство за масова информация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massnmedia" title="Massnmedia – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Massnmedia" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediji" title="Mediji – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mediji" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediao%C3%B9" title="Mediaoù – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mediaoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitj%C3%A0_de_comunicaci%C3%B3_de_masses" title="Mitjà de comunicació de masses – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mitjà de comunicació de masses" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95" title="Массăллă информаци хатĕрĕ – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Массăллă информаци хатĕрĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masm%C3%A9dia" title="Masmédia – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Masmédia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_cyfryngau_torfol" title="Y cyfryngau torfol – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y cyfryngau torfol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="إعلام – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إعلام" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massenmedien" title="Massenmedien – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Massenmedien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massimeedia" title="Massimeedia – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Massimeedia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%81%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Μέσα ενημέρωσης – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέσα ενημέρωσης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mass media" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medio_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n_de_masas" title="Medio de comunicación de masas – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medio de comunicación de masas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaskomunikilo" title="Amaskomunikilo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amaskomunikilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedabide" title="Hedabide – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hedabide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C" title="رسانه گروهی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رسانه گروهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mass media" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dias_de_masse" title="Médias de masse – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Médias de masse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media" title="Media – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Media" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C3%A1in_chumars%C3%A1ide" title="Meáin chumarsáide – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meáin chumarsáide" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medio_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n_de_masas" title="Medio de comunicación de masas – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Medio de comunicación de masas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A4%91_%EB%A7%A4%EC%B2%B4" title="대중 매체 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대중 매체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafofin_yada_labarai" title="Kafofin yada labarai – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kafofin yada labarai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Զանգվածային լրատվության միջոցներ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զանգվածային լրատվության միջոցներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="संचार माध्यम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संचार माध्यम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masovni_mediji" title="Masovni mediji – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Masovni mediji" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amas-komunikili" title="Amas-komunikili – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Amas-komunikili" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_massa" title="Media massa – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Media massa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D1%84%C3%A6%D1%80%C3%A6%D0%B7%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Дзыллон информацийы фæрæзтæ – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дзыллон информацийы фæрæзтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezzo_di_comunicazione_di_massa" title="Mezzo di comunicazione di massa – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mezzo di comunicazione di massa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="תקשורת המונים – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקשורת המונים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dhia_massa" title="Médhia massa – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Médhia massa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE" title="ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D0%B1%D1%87%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Кёбчюлюк информацияны мадарлары – karatsjajbalkarsk" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кёбчюлюк информацияны мадарлары" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatsjajbalkarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მედია – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მედია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%B1%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бұқаралық ақпарат құралдары – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бұқаралық ақпарат құралдары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyombo_vya_habari" title="Vyombo vya habari – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vyombo vya habari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dya_di_mas" title="Médya di mas – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Médya di mas" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87apemen%C3%AE" title="Çapemenî – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çapemenî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Массалык маалымат каражаттары – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Массалык маалымат каражаттары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viesteitivi" title="Viesteitivi – latgallisk" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Viesteitivi" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgallisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumenta_divulgationis" title="Instrumenta divulgationis – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Instrumenta divulgationis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pla%C5%A1sazi%C5%86as_l%C4%ABdzek%C4%BCi" title="Plašsaziņas līdzekļi – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Plašsaziņas līdzekļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massemedien" title="Massemedien – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Massemedien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiniasklaida" title="Žiniasklaida – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žiniasklaida" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massamedia" title="Massamedia – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Massamedia" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mass media" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6megm%C3%A9dia" title="Tömegmédia – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tömegmédia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Масовни медиуми – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Масовни медиуми" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="ബഹുജനമാദ്ധ്യമം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബഹുജനമാദ്ധ്യമം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="जनसंपर्क – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जनसंपर्क" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მედია – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მედია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ميديا – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميديا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_massa" title="Media massa – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Media massa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_m%C3%A9dia" title="Mass média – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Mass média" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Олон нийтийн мэдээлэл – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Олон нийтийн мэдээлэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massamedia" title="Massamedia – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Massamedia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मास मिदिया – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मास मिदिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" title="マスメディア – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マスメディア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media" title="Media – napolitansk" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Media" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Массийн хаамийн гӀирсаш – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Массийн хаамийн гӀирсаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8dia_de_comunicacion_de_massa" title="Mèdia de comunicacion de massa – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mèdia de comunicacion de massa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%B9%D3%A7%D0%BD-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Калык коклаште увер шарыме йӧн-влак – østmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Калык коклаште увер шарыме йӧн-влак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="østmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ommaviy_axborot_vositalari" title="Ommaviy axborot vositalari – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ommaviy axborot vositalari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਜਨ-ਸੰਚਾਰ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਨ-ਸੰਚਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ماس میڈیا – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماس میڈیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas_Miidia" title="Mas Miidia – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mas Miidia" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojen_%C3%ABd_comunicassion_%C3%ABd_massa" title="Mojen ëd comunicassion ëd massa – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mojen ëd comunicassion ëd massa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Arodki_masowego_przekazu" title="Środki masowego przekazu – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Środki masowego przekazu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meios_de_comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_social" title="Meios de comunicação social – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Meios de comunicação social" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCtleviy_haber_vastalar%C4%B1" title="Kütleviy haber vastaları – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kütleviy haber vastaları" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-media" title="Mass-media – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mass-media" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Масмедія – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Масмедія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Средства массовой информации – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Средства массовой информации" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masmedia" title="Masmedia – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Masmedia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_midia" title="Mass midia – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mass midia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA" title="ජනමාධ්‍යය – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජනමාධ්‍යය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mass media" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masm%C3%A9dium" title="Masmédium – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Masmédium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mno%C5%BEi%C4%8Dno_ob%C4%8Dilo" title="Množično občilo – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Množično občilo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5" title="میدیای بەکۆمەڵ – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="میدیای بەکۆمەڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B8" title="Мас-медији – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мас-медији" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masovni_mediji" title="Masovni mediji – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Masovni mediji" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rs" title="Pérs – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pérs" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joukkotiedotusv%C3%A4line" title="Joukkotiedotusväline – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Joukkotiedotusväline" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midyang_panlahat" title="Midyang panlahat – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Midyang panlahat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மக்கள் ஊடகம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்கள் ஊடகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="సమాచార మాధ్యమాలు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సమాచార మాధ్యమాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99" title="สื่อมวลชน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สื่อมวลชน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васоити ахбори омма – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Васоити ахбори омма" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C4%B1n-yay%C4%B1n" title="Basın-yayın – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Basın-yayın" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6p%C3%A7%C3%BClikle%C3%BDin_medi%C3%BDa" title="Köpçülikleýin mediýa – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Köpçülikleýin mediýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Засоби масової інформації – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Засоби масової інформації" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%81" title="ابلاغ عامہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابلاغ عامہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezo_de_comunicasion_de_masa" title="Mezo de comunicasion de masa – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mezo de comunicasion de masa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truy%E1%BB%81n_th%C3%B4ng_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_ch%C3%BAng" title="Truyền thông đại chúng – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Truyền thông đại chúng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medya_panmasa" title="Medya panmasa – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Medya panmasa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93" title="大众媒体 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大众媒体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta_mahungu" title="Ta mahungu – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ta mahungu" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2" title="מאסן מעדיע – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאסן מעדיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E5%82%B3%E5%AA%92" title="大眾傳媒 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大眾傳媒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas%C4%97n%C4%97_infuormav%C4%97ma_rakond%C4%81" title="Masėnė infuormavėma rakondā – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Masėnė infuormavėma rakondā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="大眾媒體 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大眾媒體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99mm%C9%99j%C9%99vo_informasij%C9%99_vositon" title="Həmməjəvo informasijə vositon – talysj" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Həmməjəvo informasijə vositon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11033#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Massemedier" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li 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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Omdirigert fra «<a href="/w/index.php?title=Media&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Media">Media</a>»)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ai_competition_at_cs_games_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ai_competition_at_cs_games_2005.jpg/250px-Ai_competition_at_cs_games_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ai_competition_at_cs_games_2005.jpg/375px-Ai_competition_at_cs_games_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ai_competition_at_cs_games_2005.jpg/500px-Ai_competition_at_cs_games_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Internett" title="Internett">Internett</a> som kom for alvor i <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>, er en formidlingskanal for internasjonal <a href="/wiki/Massekommunikasjon" title="Massekommunikasjon">massekommunikasjon</a> med et tilnærmet uendelig antall <a href="/wiki/Budskap" title="Budskap">budskap</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:International_newspaper,_Rome_May_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/International_newspaper%2C_Rome_May_2005.jpg/250px-International_newspaper%2C_Rome_May_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/International_newspaper%2C_Rome_May_2005.jpg/500px-International_newspaper%2C_Rome_May_2005.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Aviser er en del av mediene.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:TV-icon-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/TV-icon-2.svg/250px-TV-icon-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/TV-icon-2.svg/375px-TV-icon-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/TV-icon-2.svg/500px-TV-icon-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="96" /></a><figcaption>TV-mediet er direkte og aktuell kommunikasjon på en nær måte, eksempelvis i direktesendinger</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Massemedier</b>, ofte bare omtalt som <b>media</b> eller <b>mediene</b>, er midler for <a href="/wiki/Massekommunikasjon" title="Massekommunikasjon">massekommunikasjon</a>, det vil si kommunikasjonskanaler eller meddelelsesmidler som gjør det mulig å spre et budskap til mange mennesker over et stort område på kort tid. Begrepet oppstod i <a href="/wiki/1920-%C3%A5rene" title="1920-årene">1920-årene</a> da moderne <a href="/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi">teknologi</a> skapte en rekke nye muligheter for å distribuere og formidle <a href="/wiki/Informasjon" title="Informasjon">informasjon</a>. De tradisjonelle massemediene er <a href="/wiki/Avis" title="Avis">aviser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fjernsyn" title="Fjernsyn">fjernsyn</a>, der avsenderne når et stort publikum hver dag, men også <a href="/wiki/Ukeblad" title="Ukeblad">ukeblader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tidsskrift" title="Tidsskrift">tidsskrifter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tegneserie" title="Tegneserie">tegneserier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bok" title="Bok">bøker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD" title="CD">CD-er</a> og <a href="/wiki/Internettet" class="mw-redirect" title="Internettet">Internettet</a> regnes som massemedier. Massemediene formidler <a href="/wiki/Nyheter" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyheter">nyheter</a> og <a href="/wiki/Informasjon" title="Informasjon">informasjon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Underholdning" title="Underholdning">underholdning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reklame" title="Reklame">reklame</a> og <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a>. </p><p>Medienes virkelighetskonstruksjoner kan ha ulike konsekvenser for sosialisering og identitetskonstruksjon til ulike grupper i samfunnet. Enkelte grupper hevdes å bli utelatt fra medieoffentligheten mens andre grupper i vesentlig grad blir fremstilt som avvikende. Særlig gjelder dette etniske minoriteter fra ikke-vestlige nasjoner, men det gjelder også for eksempel eldre, handikappede, ungdom eller homofile. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Begrepsdannelse">Begrepsdannelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Begrepsdannelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Begrepsdannelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Media (en media) er et opprinnelig <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinsk</a> ord som i sin grunnleggende, og først brukt betydning, <i>som befinner seg i midten</i>, er et begrep fra språkvitenskap som betegner de stemte eller ustemte lukkelydene b-, d- og gs språklyd i gamle, greske lydsystemer, midt mellom <i>tenues</i> og <i>aspiratae</i>. Media er den bestemte flertallsformen av <a href="/wiki/Medium" class="mw-disambig" title="Medium">medium</a> som også brukes i sammenstillingen <a href="/wiki/Massemedium" class="mw-redirect" title="Massemedium">massemedium</a>. Over tid har flertallsformen <i>massemedier</i> også utviklet seg på norsk, hvor vi nå dessuten finner entallsformen <i>et media</i>, som fra 1960-årene er tatt opp i moderne norsk via engelsk. (kilde: Norsk Riksmålsordbok, bind VI) </p><p>Ordet media brukes ofte som <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonym</a> til <a href="/wiki/Massemediene" class="mw-redirect" title="Massemediene">massemediene</a> i et moderne <a href="/wiki/Samfunn" title="Samfunn">samfunn</a>, det vil si blant annet <a href="/wiki/Avis" title="Avis">aviser</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tidsskrift" title="Tidsskrift">tidsskrifter</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV" class="mw-redirect" title="TV">TV</a> og <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a> og <a href="/wiki/Internett" title="Internett">internett</a>, men ordet betegner i videre betydning alle kanaler for <a href="/wiki/Kommunikasjon" title="Kommunikasjon">kommunikasjon</a> innenfor et samfunn og mellom samfunn, også de som ikke når ut til mange personer på én gang. I tillegg til de tradisjonelle massemediene kan derfor samlebetegnelsen media omfatte alt fra <a href="/wiki/Telefon" title="Telefon">telefoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Post">post</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD" title="CD">CD-er</a> og <a href="/wiki/Bok" title="Bok">bøker</a> til <a href="/wiki/Nye_medier" title="Nye medier">nye medier</a> og formidlingsteknologier som audiovisuelle medier og <a href="/wiki/Mediespiller" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediespiller">mediespillere</a>. Ordet blir ofte også brukt om den moderne mediekulturen og underholdningsindustrien generelt. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etermediene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etermediene (ikke skrevet ennå)">Etermediene</a> omfatter først og fremst <a href="/wiki/Kringkasting" title="Kringkasting">kringkasting</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samfunnsbetydning">Samfunnsbetydning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Samfunnsbetydning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Samfunnsbetydning"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mediebransjen er svært viktig både <a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomi" title="Økonomi">økonomisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kultur" title="Kultur">kulturelt</a> og <a href="/wiki/Politikk" title="Politikk">politisk</a> i det moderne <a href="/wiki/Samfunn" title="Samfunn">samfunnet</a>. Det fins lokale, regionale, nasjonale og internasjonale mediebedrifter med et stort antall ansatte, både <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalister</a>, underholdere, teknikere og andre. Mange av selskapene har stor påvirkningskraft og <a href="/wiki/Makt" title="Makt">meningsmakt</a>, særlig de som arbeider med <a href="/wiki/TV" class="mw-redirect" title="TV">TV</a>, som er det mediet som når bredest og har størst gjennomslagskraft i dag. </p><p>Informasjonskanalene er imidlertid mange og impulsene flere enn noen gang. Likevel er ofte nyhetsbildet, reklamen og de nye ideene som formidles, like i forskjellige medier. Da massemediene dessuten når stadig større grupper, vil de føre til større ensretting av informasjon og holdninger. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Den_fjerde_statsmakt">Den fjerde statsmakt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Den fjerde statsmakt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Den fjerde statsmakt"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massemediene, særlig presse og <a href="/wiki/Kringkasting" title="Kringkasting">kringkasting</a>, kalles ofte «<a href="/wiki/Den_fjerde_statsmakt" title="Den fjerde statsmakt">den fjerde statsmakt</a>» fordi de indirekte kontrollerer de andre statsmaktene <a href="/wiki/Regjering" title="Regjering">regjering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament">parlament</a> og <a href="/wiki/Domstol" title="Domstol">domstoler</a> gjennom overvåking og rapportering fra journalistene i de frie <a href="/wiki/Redaksjon" title="Redaksjon">redaksjonene</a>. </p><p>Et medium kan defineres på mange måter. Det kan skilles mellom: </p> <ul><li><i>primærmedier</i>: verken avsender eller mottaker trenger tekniske apparater (f.eks. lyd som medium, språk som medium)</li> <li><i>sekundærmedier</i>: avsender (f.eks. en forfatter som får en bok publisert av et forlag) trenger tekniske apparater for å få produsert sitt verk, men mottakeren trenger ikke tekniske apparater (noen vil riktignok trenge briller for å lese)</li> <li><i>tertiærmedier</i>: både avsender og mottaker trenger avanserte tekniske apparater (utstyr til å kringkaste TV-produksjoner, TV-apparat for å kunne se produktene)</li></ul> <p>Det er sekundær- og spesielt tertiærmediene som oftest kalles medier. Et medium kan i så fall defineres som organisatoriske og tekniske apparater og innretninger til formidling av meninger, informasjoner og kulturprodukter. Et medium kan også oppfattes som en allianse av tre komponenter: en teknologisk oppfinnelse, en finansiering og en sosial bruksmåte. </p><p>Ifølge den tyske medieforskeren <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kittler" title="Friedrich Kittler">Friedrich Kittler</a> er medier i en viss forstand isolerte i forhold til hverandre. Han hevder at det å overføre budskaper fra medium til medium alltid innebærer å underkaste dem andre standarder og utforminger. Et medium kan forsterke visse opplevelsesmåter og innskrenke andre. Medier både inkluderer og ekskluderer måter å sanse og erfare på. </p><p>Den kompleksiteten som kjennetegner medier, har en <a href="/wiki/Ideologi" title="Ideologi">ideologisk</a> dimensjon. Siden den kanadiske medieteoretikeren <a href="/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan">Marshall McLuhans</a> tid (1960-årene) er det en vanlig oppfatning at kommunikasjon og medier er ideologi, det vil si vevd uatskillelig sammen med systemer av makt, tenkemåter, attityder, praksiser og verdier. Et virvar av aktører bruker dessuten medier og kommunikasjonskanaler slik at budskapene skal passe inn med deres egen ideologi. Vi har dermed å gjøre med ideologi (budskap) formidlet ideologisk (i mediene som kanaler mellom avsendere og mottakere). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toril_Aalberg" title="Toril Aalberg">Aalberg, Toril</a>: <i>Mediesosiologi</i>, <a href="/wiki/Det_Norske_Samlaget" title="Det Norske Samlaget">Det Norske Samlaget</a>, Oslo 2005</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan">Marshall McLuhan</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2009011904066"><i>Mennesket og media</i></a>. Oslo: Pax. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8253018630" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8253018630">8253018630</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AMassemedier&rft.au=Marshall+McLuhan&rft.btitle=Mennesket+og+media&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8253018630&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Pax&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2009011904066&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kategorier">Kategorier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kategorier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kategorier"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Medieselskaper" title="Kategori:Medieselskaper">Medieselskaper omtalt på Wikipedia på bokmål og riksmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Norske_medieselskaper" title="Kategori:Norske medieselskaper">Norske medieselskaper omtalt på Wikipedia på bokmål og riksmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Norske_medieorganisasjoner" title="Kategori:Norske medieorganisasjoner">Norske medieorganisasjoner omtalt på Wikipedia på bokmål og riksmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Norske_publikasjoner" title="Kategori:Norske publikasjoner">Norske publikasjoner omtalt på Wikipedia på bokmål og riksmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Redakt%C3%B8rer" title="Kategori:Redaktører">Redaktører omtalt på Wikipedia på bokmål og riksmål</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artikler">Artikler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Artikler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Artikler"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Media">Media</a> – <a href="/wiki/Medium" class="mw-disambig" title="Medium">medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massekommunikasjon" title="Massekommunikasjon">Massekommunikasjon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kommunikasjon" title="Kommunikasjon">kommunikasjon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Massesuggesjon" title="Massesuggesjon">massesuggesjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informasjon" title="Informasjon">Informasjon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Informasjonssamfunnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Informasjonssamfunnet">informasjonssamfunnet</a> – <a href="/wiki/Folkeopplysning" title="Folkeopplysning">folkeopplysning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medier" class="mw-disambig" title="Medier">Medier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalistikk" title="Journalistikk">Journalistikk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieforskning" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieforskning">Medieforskning</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mediesosiologi" title="Mediesosiologi">mediesosiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presse" title="Presse">Presse</a> – <a href="/wiki/Avis" title="Avis">avis</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ukepresse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukepresse">ukepresse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kringkasting" title="Kringkasting">Kringkasting</a> – <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fjernsyn" title="Fjernsyn">fjernsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internett" title="Internett">Internett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reklame" title="Reklame">Reklame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_fjerde_statsmakt" title="Den fjerde statsmakt">Den fjerde statsmakt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieimperialisme" title="Medieimperialisme">Medieimperialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_mediedesign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital mediedesign (ikke skrevet ennå)">Digital mediedesign</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemedier&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mass_media" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mass media">Mass media</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11033?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medienorge.uib.no/?cat=statistikk&page=aspekt_tilgang">Statistikk over massemedier i Norge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070622223731/http://www.medienorge.uib.no/?cat=statistikk&page=aspekt_tilgang">Arkivert</a> 22. juni 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070805000617/http://paul.veidemand.no/html/medie_hjelp.html">MedieHjelpen artikler om media og krenkelser</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071029234058/http://www.in-mind.org/issue-4/the-media-carriers-of-contagious-information.html">The Media: Carriers of Contagious Information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.litteraturogmedieleksikon.no/gallery/medium.pdf">Medium</a>; fra Bibliotekarstudentens nettleksikon om litteratur og medier (pdf-fil)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.litteraturogmedieleksikon.no/gallery/transmedial_historie.pdf">Transmedial historie</a>; fra Bibliotekarstudentens nettleksikon om litteratur og medier (pdf-fil)</li></ul> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24994932">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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