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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Istanbul" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Istanbul" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Istanbul" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Istanbul" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Geografia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Klima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lehen_jendeztatzea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lehen_jendeztatzea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lehen jendeztatzea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lehen_jendeztatzea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konstantinoplaren_igoera_eta_erortzea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konstantinoplaren_igoera_eta_erortzea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Konstantinoplaren igoera eta erortzea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konstantinoplaren_igoera_eta_erortzea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkiarren_agintea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkiarren_agintea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Turkiarren agintea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkiarren_agintea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Errepublika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Errepublika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Errepublika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Errepublika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ondasun_nabarmenak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ondasun_nabarmenak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ondasun nabarmenak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ondasun_nabarmenak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barrutiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barrutiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Barrutiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barrutiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garraioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garraioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Garraioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garraioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kirola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kirola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kirola</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kirola-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Kirola azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kirola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Futbola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Futbola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Futbola</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Futbola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hedabideak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hedabideak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Hedabideak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hedabideak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istanbuldar_ospetsuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istanbuldar_ospetsuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Istanbuldar ospetsuak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istanbuldar_ospetsuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Istanbul</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 227 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-227" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">227 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Сҭампыл – abkhaziera" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Сҭампыл" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89seutamu" title="Éseutamu – acehnera" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Éseutamu" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehnera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Истамбыл – adigera" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Истамбыл" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Istanboel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A1%E1%88%8D" title="ኢስታንቡል – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢስታንቡል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopolis" title="Constantinopolis – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Constantinopolis" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – angikera" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="إسطنبول – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسطنبول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%A2%DC%92%DC%98%DC%A0_(%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="إسطنبول – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسطنبول" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استانبول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="استانبول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="ইষ্টানবুল – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইষ্টানবুল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – awadhiera" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="ایستانبول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایستانبول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambols" title="Stambols – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Stambols" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तांबुल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इस्तांबुल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – bambarera" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="ইস্তাম্বুল – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইস্তাম্বুল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Истмала – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Истмала" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – txeieneera" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="txeieneera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%B5" title="ئەستەمبوڵ – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەستەمبوڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztamb%C3%B9l" title="Sztambùl – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Sztambùl" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%84%D1%8C_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Цѣсар҄ь Градъ – elizako eslaviera" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Цѣсар҄ь Градъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="elizako eslaviera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estamol" title="Estamol – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Estamol" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – behe-sorabiera" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="behe-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Κωνσταντινούπολη – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κωνσταντινούπολη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbulo" title="Istanbulo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Istanbulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استانبول – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استانبول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – fijiera" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboul" title="Istanboul – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Istanboul" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanb%C3%BBl" title="Istanbûl – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Istanbûl" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iostanb%C3%BAl" title="Iostanbúl – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iostanbúl" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – gagauzera" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" title="伊斯坦布爾 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="伊斯坦布爾" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8A%D9%84" title="ايستامبۊل – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايستامبۊل" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – gorontaloera" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontaloera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB" title="𐌺𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌻 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌻" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – manxera" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="איסטנבול – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איסטנבול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तांबुल – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इस्तांबुल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – goi-sorabiera" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="goi-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboul" title="Istanboul – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Istanboul" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isztambul" title="Isztambul – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Isztambul" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC" title="Ստամբուլ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստամբուլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC" title="Իսթանպուլ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իսթանպուլ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – ibanera" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Истмале – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Истмале" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanb%C3%BAl" title="Istanbúl – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Istanbúl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="イスタンブール – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イスタンブール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სტამბოლი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტამბოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Истамбыл – kabardiera" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Истамбыл" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isitambuli" title="Isitambuli – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Isitambuli" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itambut" title="Itambut – tyapa" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Itambut" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyapa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – kikuyuera" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyuera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D2%B1%D0%BB" title="Ыстанбұл – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ыстанбұл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಸ್ತಾಂಬುಲ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಸ್ತಾಂಬುಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EB%B6%88" title="이스탄불 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스탄불" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – karachayera-balkarera" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachayera-balkarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stembol" title="Stembol – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stembol" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopolis" title="Constantinopolis – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Constantinopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambol" title="Estambol – ladinoa" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Estambol" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истамбул – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Истамбул" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истамбул – lezginera" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Истамбул" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Istanboel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99" title="ອິສະຕັນບູນ – laosera" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອິສະຕັນບູນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambulas" title="Stambulas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stambulas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambula" title="Stambula – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stambula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – maithilia" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – mokxera" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C4%81nipuru" title="Itānipuru – maoriera" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Itānipuru" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BE" title="ഇസ്താംബുൾ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇസ്താംബുൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तंबूल – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इस्तंबूल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – maltera" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="အစ်စတန်ဘူလ်မြို့ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အစ်စတန်ဘူလ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Стамбул ош – erziera" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Стамбул ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استامبول – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="استامبول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel – behe-saxoiera" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Istanboel" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="behe-saxoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तान्बुल – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इस्तान्बुल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coustantinobles" title="Coustantinobles – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Coustantinobles" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%82ch%CA%BC%C4%AF%CA%BC_N%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1h%C3%A1" title="Ałchʼįʼ Nááʼáhá – navajoera" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ałchʼįʼ Nááʼáhá" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – chewera" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="chewera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambol" title="Istambol – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istambol" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2" title="ਇਸਤਾਨਬੁਲ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਸਤਾਨਬੁਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – papiamentoa" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istamboul" title="Istamboul – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Istamboul" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbuel" title="Istanbuel – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Istanbuel" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambu%C5%82" title="Stambuł – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stambuł" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanpul" title="Istanpul – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Istanpul" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – erretorromaniera" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="erretorromaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Істанбул – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Істанбул" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – kinyaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – iparraldeko samiera" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="ඉස්තාන්බුල් – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉස්තාන්බුල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carigrad" title="Carigrad – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Carigrad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbuul" title="Istanbuul – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Istanbuul" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambolli" title="Stambolli – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Stambolli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambu%C5%82" title="Stambuł – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Stambuł" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இசுதான்புல் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுதான்புல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇస్తాంబుల్ – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇస్తాంబుల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – tetuma" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetuma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5" title="อิสตันบูล – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิสตันบูล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambul" title="Stambul – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Stambul" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – tumbukera" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbukera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – twia" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – tuvera" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – udmurtera" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%DB%87%D9%84" title="ئىستانبۇل – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىستانبۇل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambul" title="Stambul – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Stambul" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="伊斯坦布尔 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊斯坦布尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სტამბოლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სტამბოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="סטאמבול – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סטאמבול" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D" title="ⵉⵙⵟⴰⵏⴱⵓⵍ – amazigera estandarra" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵙⵟⴰⵏⴱⵓⵍ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazigera estandarra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯坦堡 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊斯坦堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" title="伊斯坦布爾 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="伊斯坦布爾" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯坦堡 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊斯坦堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q406#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Istanbul" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Istanbul" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&oldid=9846578" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Istanbul&id=9846578&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIstanbul"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIstanbul"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Istanbul"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Istanbul&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q406" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1-Wikipedia10000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluen_zerrenda/3._maila" title="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/30px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Koordenatu_geografiko_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordenatu geografiko sistema">Koordenatuak</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8629292">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Istanbul&params=41.01_N_28.9603_E_region:_type:_scale:_dim:_globe:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°00′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°57′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.01°N 28.9603°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.01; 28.9603</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #99c;">Istanbul<br /><span lang="tr">İstanbul</span><br /><span lang="tr">İstanbul</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_municipality_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropolitan municipality in Turkey (sortu gabe)">metropolitan municipality in Turkey</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2716259?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Istanbul_Montage_2016.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Istanbul_Montage_2016.png/280px-Istanbul_Montage_2016.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="392" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Istanbul_Montage_2016.png/420px-Istanbul_Montage_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Istanbul_Montage_2016.png/560px-Istanbul_Montage_2016.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Istanbul" title="c:Category:Istanbul"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/10px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Istanbul" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Istanbul">Irudi gehiago</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #99c;">Administrazioa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td><b>Estatu burujabe</b></td><td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a></td></tr><tr><td><b>Turkiako probintzia</b></td><td><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_probintzia" title="Istanbul probintzia">Istanbul probintzia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Alkatea</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekrem_%C4%B0mamo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekrem İmamoğlu (sortu gabe)">Ekrem İmamoğlu</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59313241?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Izen ofiziala</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="tr">İstanbul</span><br /><span lang="tr">İstanbul</span><br /><span lang="sv">Istanbul</span><br /><span lang="sv">Konstantinopel</span><br /><span lang="az">İstanbul</span><br /><span lang="fr">Constantinople</span><br /><span lang="ru">Константинополь</span><br /><span lang="bg">Цариград</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Jatorrizko izena</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="tr">İstanbul</span><br /><span lang="tr">İstanbul</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Posta kodea</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>34000–34990</code></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #99c;">Geografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Koordenatu_geografiko_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordenatu geografiko sistema">Koordenatuak</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8629292">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Istanbul&params=41.01_N_28.9603_E_region:_type:_scale:_dim:_globe:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°00′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°57′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.01°N 28.9603°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.01; 28.9603</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="250" data-zoom="10" data-lat="41.01" data-lon="28.9603" data-overlays="["_7565ebfd973a23fae510c2a6bcca2ebcb2532d0b"]" href="/wiki/Berezi:Map/10/41.01/28.9603/eu"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,41.01,28.9603,280x250.png?lang=eu&domain=eu.wikipedia.org&title=Istanbul&revid=9846578&groups=_7565ebfd973a23fae510c2a6bcca2ebcb2532d0b" width="280" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,41.01,28.9603,280x250@2x.png?lang=eu&domain=eu.wikipedia.org&title=Istanbul&revid=9846578&groups=_7565ebfd973a23fae510c2a6bcca2ebcb2532d0b 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg/280px-Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg/420px-Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg/560px-Latrans-Turkey_location_Istanbul.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="655" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Azalera</th><td class="infobox-data">5.343 km²</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Altuera</th><td class="infobox-data">100 m</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #99c;">Demografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Biztanleria</th><td class="infobox-data">15.462.452 <small>(2020)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/12px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/24px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span><small>15.462.452 (2020)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Dentsitatea</th><td class="infobox-data">2.894 bizt/km²</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #99c;">Informazio gehigarria</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Sorrera</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Maiatzaren_29" title="Maiatzaren 29">maiatzaren 29a</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Telefono aurrizkia</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>212, 216</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ordu eremua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hiri senidetuak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shimonoseki" title="Shimonoseki">Shimonoseki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johor_Baharu" title="Johor Baharu">Johor Baharu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jidda" title="Jidda">Jidda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Petersburgo" title="San Petersburgo">San Petersburgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_(Turkmenistan)" title="Mary (Turkmenistan)">Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bartzelona" title="Bartzelona">Bartzelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolonia_(Alemania)" title="Kolonia (Alemania)">Kolonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs" title="Durrës">Durrës</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">Ox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantza_(Errumania)" title="Konstantza (Errumania)">Konstantza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khartum" title="Khartum">Khartum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damasko" title="Damasko">Damasko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia">Venezia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexiko_Hiria" title="Mexiko Hiria">Mexiko Hiria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giza_(Egipto)" title="Giza (Egipto)">Giza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengazi" title="Bengazi">Bengazi</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikosia" title="Nikosia">Nikosia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aktau" title="Aktau">Aktau</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Varsovia" title="Varsovia">Varsovia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Matrikula</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>34</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibb.istanbul/en">ibb.istanbul…</a> eta <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibb.istanbul/">ibb.istanbul</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Istanbul</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera">turkieraz</a>: <span lang="tr"><i>İstanbul</i></span>, eta bizantziar garaian <a href="/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera">grezieraz</a> hasieran <b><a href="/wiki/Bizantzio" title="Bizantzio">Bizantzio</a></b> eta gero <b><a href="/wiki/Konstantinopla" title="Konstantinopla">Konstantinopla</a></b>), <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkiako</a> hiririk handiena da, bai eta <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europako</a> handienetako bat ere, 12.782.960 biztanle baitzituen 2009an.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gainera, lur eremu handia hartzen du, munduko 5. udalerri handiena baita. Istanbul probintziako hiriburu administratiboa da. </p><p>Hiriaren historia luzean, <a href="/wiki/Hiriburu_(politika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiriburu (politika)">hiriburu</a> izan da sarritan: <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Erromatar Inperioa">Erromatar Inperioa</a> (330-395), <a href="/wiki/Bizantziar_Inperioa" title="Bizantziar Inperioa">Bizantziar Inperioa</a> (395-1204 eta 1261-1453), <a href="/wiki/Konstantinoplako_Inperio_Latindarra" title="Konstantinoplako Inperio Latindarra">Latindar Inperioa</a> (1204-1261) eta <a href="/wiki/Otomandar_Inperioa" title="Otomandar Inperioa">Otomandar Inperioa</a> (1453-1922). Horren ostean, <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkiako Errepublika</a> berriaren hiriburua <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankarara</a> eraman zen. 2010ean, Istanbul <i><a href="/wiki/Europako_kultura-hiriburu" title="Europako kultura-hiriburu">Europako kultura hiriburu</a></i> izan zen. Hiriaren gune historikoa <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCOren</a> <a href="/wiki/Gizateriaren_ondare" title="Gizateriaren ondare">gizateriaren ondaretzat</a> sailkatu zuten 1985an.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hiri zaharra <a href="/wiki/Bosforo" title="Bosforo">Bosforo itsasartearen</a> hego-mendebaldeko ertzean dago, baina hiri berriak, askoz handiagoa denak, itsasartearen bi aldeak hartzen ditu: europarra (<a href="/wiki/Trazia" title="Trazia">Trazia</a>) eta <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">asiarra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>). Izan ere, bi kontinentetan dagoen <a href="/wiki/Metropoli" title="Metropoli">metropoli</a> bakarra da munduan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Etimologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bizantzio" title="Bizantzio">Bizantzio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera">grezieraz</a> Βυζάντιον, <i>Byzántion</i>) hiriaren lehen izen ezaguna da. K.a. 660 inguruan sortu zen izen horrekin, <a href="/wiki/K.a._V._mendea" title="K.a. V. mendea">K.a. V. mendeko</a> <a href="/wiki/Herodoto" title="Herodoto">Herodotoren</a> arabera <a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6y" title="Kadıköy">Kaltzedonia</a> baino 16 urte lehenago. <a href="/wiki/Bizas" title="Bizas">Bizas</a> zeritzan Megarako kolonoen erregeak eman zion izena. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Konstantino_I.a_Handia" title="Konstantino I.a Handia">Konstantino I.ari</a> esker, hiria Erromatar Inperioko ekialdeko hiriburu bihurtu zen, eta <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopla" title="Konstantinopla">Konstantinopla</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (grezieraz Κωνσταντινούπολις, <i>Kōnstantinoúpolis</i>, hots, <i>"Konstantinoren hiria"</i>) izenarekin ezagutzen hasi zen. Enperadorea <i>Nea Roma</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Erroma" title="Erroma">Erroma</a> Berria") izena erabil zedin saiatu zen, alferrik. </p><p>Nahiz eta lehenagotik erabili, <i>Istanbul</i> izena XX. mendean hedatu zen gehien, batez ere nazioartean. 1930ko martxoaren 28an, Turkiako Posta Zerbitzuak nazioarteari eskaera ofiziala egin zion, hiri osoa izendatzeko, <i>İstanbul</i> erabil zezan. Aditu batzuen arabera, Istanbul izena grezierazko "εἰς τὴν <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">Πόλιν</a>" (<span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[is tin ˈpolin]</a></span>, <i>hirian</i>) esalditik omen dator: azken batean, hiri nagusiari soilik "hiri" deitzea ohikoa da, <a href="/wiki/Iru%C3%B1ea" title="Iruñea">Iruñea</a> kasu. Beste aditu batzuen arabera, <i>Konstántinoupólis</i> greziar izenaren laburdura omen da, azentu gabeko silabak galdu eta hasierako i- gehitu ondoren. </p><p>Egungo <a href="/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera">turkieraz</a>, hiriaren izena "İstanbul" da, puntudun <i>İ</i> larri batekin, turkierako alfabetoak <i>İ</i> letra puntuduna eta <i>I</i> puntugabea bereizten baititu. </p><p>Bizantziarren eta otomandarren menpeko <a href="/wiki/Eslaviar" title="Eslaviar">eslaviar</a> herriek <i>Tzarigrad</i> erabiltzen dute, <i><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsarraren</a> (Enperadorearen) hiria</i> (serbieraz eta bulgarieraz, Цариград), berez <i>Konstantinopla</i> izenaren kalkoa dena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Geografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg/180px-Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg/270px-Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg/360px-Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>Istanbul satelite irudian</figcaption></figure> <p>Istanbul <a href="/wiki/Bosforo" title="Bosforo">Bosforo</a> itsasartean dago, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asiaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europaren</a> mugan, <a href="/wiki/Itsaso_Beltza" title="Itsaso Beltza">Itsaso Beltza</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Marmarako_itsasoa" title="Marmarako itsasoa">Marmara itsasoa</a> lotzen diren lekuan. Hiri historikoa mendebaldean kokatzen da (Europan), <i><a href="/wiki/Urrezko_Adarra" title="Urrezko Adarra">Urrezko Adarra</a></i> izeneko <a href="/wiki/Estuario" title="Estuario">estuarioaren</a> bi aldeetan. </p><p>Penintsula historikoa zazpi <a href="/wiki/Muino" title="Muino">muinoren</a> gainean eraikita dagoela esaten da, bakoitzaren gailurrean <a href="/wiki/Meskita" title="Meskita">meskita</a> inperial batekin, eta 22 km-ko luzeko <a href="/wiki/Harresi" title="Harresi">harresiek</a> inguratua. Horietako handiena <a href="/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_jauregia" title="Topkapı jauregia">Topkapı jauregia</a>ko <i>Sarayburnu</i> da (<i>Jauregi muinoa</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Urrezko Adarraren beste ertzean beste muino <a href="/wiki/Kono" title="Kono">koniko</a> bat dago, Galata auzoa (Beyoğlu barrutia) dagoen lekuan. Üsküdar ere, Asiako aldean, muino ugariz osatuta dago. Istanbuleko tontorra Çamlıca muinoa da (Asian), 288 m garai<sup id="cite_ref-topo_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klima">Klima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Klima»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Klima"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istanbulek <a href="/wiki/Klima_ozeaniko" title="Klima ozeaniko">klima ozeaniko</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Klima_mediterraneo" title="Klima mediterraneo">klima mediterraneoaren</a> arteko trantsizioko klima du. Beraz, hiriak <a href="/wiki/Klima_epel" title="Klima epel">klima epela</a> du. Esate baterako, udako lehortea ez da benetako klima mediterraneoan bezain handia. <a href="/wiki/Uda" title="Uda">Udak</a> beroak dira, hezeak baina <a href="/wiki/Euri" title="Euri">euri</a> gutxikoak (295 ordu eguzki hileko ekainean, uztailean eta abuztuan). Udako egun jakinetan, tenperaturak 35 °C-tik gorakoak izaten dira. <a href="/wiki/Negu" title="Negu">Neguak</a> hotzak eta hezeak dira, euri ugari egiten du eta noizean behin <a href="/wiki/Elur" title="Elur">elurra</a> (76 ordu eguzki baino gutxiago hileko urtarrilean eta otsailean). Neguan, egun jakinetan, tenperaturak 0 °C-tik behekoak izan dira inoiz. Horrela, urtero 25 bat <a href="/wiki/Izotz" title="Izotz">izotz</a> egun izaten dira, abendu, urtarril eta otsailean batez ere. <a href="/wiki/Udaberri" title="Udaberri">Udaberriak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Udazken" title="Udazken">udazkenak</a> epelak dira. </p><p>Hirian bertan erregistraturiko tenperaturarik altuena 40.5 °C-koa izan zen, 2000ko uztailaren 12an. Inoiz erregistraturiko tenperaturik hotzena -16.1 °C-koa izan zen, 1929ko otsailaren 9ko gauean.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; background:#a2a9b1; text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#eaecf0"> <th colspan="14" style="font-weight:bold">  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg/25px-Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg/38px-Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg/50px-Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span>   <big>Datu klimatikoak (Istanbul <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia"><img alt="Turkia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span>)</big>   <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg/25px-WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg/38px-WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg/50px-WPTC_Meteo_task_force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span>   </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eaecf0"> <th style="border-right-width:medium"> Hila  </th> <th abbr="Urtarrila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Urtarril">Urt</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Otsaila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Otsail">Ots</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Martxoa"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Martxo">Mar</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Apirila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Apiril">Api</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Maiatza"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Maiatz">Mai</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Ekaina"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Ekain">Eka</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Uztaila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Uztail">Uzt</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Abuztua"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Abuztu">Abu</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Iraila"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Irail">Ira</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Urria"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Urri">Urr</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Azaroa"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Azaro">Aza</abbr>  </th> <th abbr="Abendua"> <abbr class="abbr" title="Abendu">Abe</abbr>  </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium" abbr="Urtekoa"> Urtekoa  </th></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Batez besteko tenperatura maximoa (°C) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FFE1C5;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">8.7 </td> <td style="background:#FFDFBF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">9.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFD0A2;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">11.2 </td> <td style="background:#FFAC59;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">16.5 </td> <td style="background:#FF8A16;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">21.4 </td> <td style="background:#FF6A00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">26.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF5A00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">28.4 </td> <td style="background:#FF5900;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">28.5 </td> <td style="background:#FF7100;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">25.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF9327;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">20.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFB46A;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">15.3 </td> <td style="background:#FFD1A3;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">11.1 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FF9C39;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>18.8</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Batez besteko tenperatura minimoa (°C) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#F6F6FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">2.9 </td> <td style="background:#F5F5FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FBFBFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">3.9 </td> <td style="background:#FFE8D2;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">7.7 </td> <td style="background:#FFCB97;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">12.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFAF60;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">16.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF9E3E;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">18.5 </td> <td style="background:#FF9D3B;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">18.7 </td> <td style="background:#FFB367;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">15.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFCB97;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">12.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFE3C7;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">8.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFF9F3;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">5.3 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#FFD5AC;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>10.5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Pilatutako <a href="/wiki/Prezipitazio_(meteorologia)" title="Prezipitazio (meteorologia)">prezipitazioa</a> (mm) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#6767FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">98.4 </td> <td style="background:#8383FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">80.2 </td> <td style="background:#9393FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">69.9 </td> <td style="background:#B8B8FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">45.8 </td> <td style="background:#C7C7FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">36.1 </td> <td style="background:#CACAFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">34.0 </td> <td style="background:#C3C3FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">38.8 </td> <td style="background:#B5B5FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">47.8 </td> <td style="background:#A0A0FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">61.4 </td> <td style="background:#6969FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">96.9 </td> <td style="background:#5454FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">110.7 </td> <td style="background:#4040FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">123.9 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#9292FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>843.9</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Prezipitazio egunak (≥ 1 mm) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#1D1DFF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">17.7 </td> <td style="background:#3B3BFF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">15.3 </td> <td style="background:#5151FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">13.6 </td> <td style="background:#7B7BFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10.3 </td> <td style="background:#9B9BFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">7.8 </td> <td style="background:#BBBBFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">5.3 </td> <td style="background:#D1D1FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">3.6 </td> <td style="background:#CCCCFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">4.0 </td> <td style="background:#B1B1FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">6.1 </td> <td style="background:#7B7BFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10.3 </td> <td style="background:#5A5AFF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">12.9 </td> <td style="background:#2727FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">16.9 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#7D7DFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>123.8</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0">Eguzki orduak </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#ABABA4;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">93 </td> <td style="background:#B4B46D;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">112 </td> <td style="background:#BABA4A;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">124 </td> <td style="background:#D4D400;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">180 </td> <td style="background:#EBEB05;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">279 </td> <td style="background:#F7F722;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">330 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF39;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">372 </td> <td style="background:#F7F722;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">330 </td> <td style="background:#E2E200;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">240 </td> <td style="background:#D5D500;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">186 </td> <td style="background:#B8B856;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">120 </td> <td style="background:#ABABA4;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">93 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#CBCB00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>2459</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" bgcolor="#eaecf0"><a href="/wiki/Hezetasun" title="Hezetasun">Hezetasuna</a> (%) </th> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#0000CB;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">80 </td> <td style="background:#0000D3;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">78 </td> <td style="background:#0000DB;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">76 </td> <td style="background:#0000E2;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">74 </td> <td style="background:#0000E2;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">74 </td> <td style="background:#0000EE;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">71 </td> <td style="background:#0000F2;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">70 </td> <td style="background:#0000F2;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">70 </td> <td style="background:#0000E2;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">74 </td> <td style="background:#0000D3;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">78 </td> <td style="background:#0000CB;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">80 </td> <td style="background:#0000CB;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">80 </td> <td style="border-left-width:medium; background:#0000DF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;"><b>75</b> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eaecf0"> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%"><i>Iturria: <a href="/wiki/NBE" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="NBE">NBE</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Turkiako meteorologia institutua (DMI)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> weather<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lehen_jendeztatzea">Lehen jendeztatzea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lehen jendeztatzea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Lehen jendeztatzea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Bizantzio" title="Bizantzio">Bizantzio</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Second_Court_Topkapi_2007_80.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Second_Court_Topkapi_2007_80.JPG/220px-Second_Court_Topkapi_2007_80.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Second_Court_Topkapi_2007_80.JPG/330px-Second_Court_Topkapi_2007_80.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Second_Court_Topkapi_2007_80.JPG/440px-Second_Court_Topkapi_2007_80.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bizantzio" title="Bizantzio">Bizantzioko</a> akropoliko zutabe baten hondarrak, egun <a href="/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_jauregia" title="Topkapı jauregia">Topkapı jauregian</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Istanbuleko penintsula azpian <i>Marmaray</i> tunela eraikitzean, <a href="/wiki/Neolito" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolito">Neolito</a> garaiko jendeztatze aztarnak aurkitu dituzte, <a href="/wiki/K.a._7._milurtekoa" title="K.a. 7. milurtekoa">K.a. 7. milurtekokoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosforo" title="Bosforo">Bosforoa</a> sortu baino lehenagokoak<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Trazia" title="Trazia">Traziar</a> tribuak bi lekutan ezarri ziren, Lygos-en eta Semistra-n, penintsulako muturrean, egun <a href="/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_jauregia" title="Topkapı jauregia">Topkapı jauregia</a> dagoen tokian, <a href="/wiki/K.a._XIII._mendea" title="K.a. XIII. mendea">K.a. XIII</a> eta <a href="/wiki/K.a._XI._mendea" title="K.a. XI. mendea">K.a. XI. mendeen</a> artean. Leku berean, <a href="/wiki/Fenizia" title="Fenizia">feniziarrek</a> merkatari herrixka bat ezarri zuten <a href="/wiki/K.a._1._milurtekoa" title="K.a. 1. milurtekoa">K.a. 1. milurtekoan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/K.a._680ko_hamarkada" title="K.a. 680ko hamarkada">K.a. 685ean</a> <a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megaratik</a> zetozen <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Grezia" title="Antzinako Grezia">greziarrek</a> beste herri bat, <a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6y" title="Kadıköy">Kaltzedonia</a> izenekoa<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Hala ere, Istanbuleko historia <a href="/wiki/K.a._660ko_hamarkada" title="K.a. 660ko hamarkada">K.a. 660</a> inguruan hasi zen, oro har, Bizas erregaren agindupean Megarako kolonoak Bosforoaren europar aldean ezarri zirenean, eta <a href="/wiki/Bizantzio" title="Bizantzio">Bizantzio</a> sortu (grezieraz Βυζάντιον, <i>Bizantion</i>, latinez <i>Byzantium</i>). Mendearen amaieran, <a href="/wiki/Akropoli" title="Akropoli">akropoli</a> bat eraiki zen behialako <i>Lygos</i> eta <i>Semistra</i> herrixken lekuan. Hiria <a href="/wiki/Akemenestar_Inperioa" title="Akemenestar Inperioa">persiar</a> agintepean egon zen aldi batez <a href="/wiki/K.a._V._mendea" title="K.a. V. mendea">K.a. V. mendean</a>, baina greziarrek berreskuratu egin zuten <a href="/wiki/Mediar_Gerrak" title="Mediar Gerrak">Mediar Gerretan</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Bizantzio <a href="/wiki/Delosko_Liga" title="Delosko Liga">Deloseko Ligako</a> kide izaten segitu zuen, <a href="/wiki/K.a._355" title="K.a. 355">K.a. 355ean</a> independentzia lortu zuen arte. <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Errepublika" title="Erromatar Errepublika">Erromatar Errepublikaren</a> babespean denbora luzez egon ondoren, <a href="/wiki/73" title="73">73an</a> <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Erromatar Inperioa">Erromatar Inperioko</a> zati bihurtu zen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Peszenio_Niger" title="Peszenio Niger">Peszenio Niger</a> usurpatzailearen alde ipini izana, <a href="/wiki/Septimio_Severo" title="Septimio Severo">Septimio Severo</a> enperadorearen aurka, garesti atera zitzaion, bi urteko setioaren ondoren <a href="/wiki/195" title="195">195ean</a> errenditu zenean hiri suntsituta baitzegoen. Hala ere, bost urteren ondoren, hiria berreraikitzen hasi, eta denbora laburrean aurretik zuen ospea berreskuratu zuen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konstantinoplaren_igoera_eta_erortzea">Konstantinoplaren igoera eta erortzea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Konstantinoplaren igoera eta erortzea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Konstantinoplaren igoera eta erortzea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Konstantinopla" title="Konstantinopla">Konstantinopla</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Constantinople_mediaeval_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Constantinople_mediaeval_map.jpg/220px-Constantinople_mediaeval_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Constantinople_mediaeval_map.jpg/330px-Constantinople_mediaeval_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Constantinople_mediaeval_map.jpg/440px-Constantinople_mediaeval_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1054" data-file-height="1562" /></a><figcaption>Konstantinopla irudikatzen duen mapa zaharrena, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1420s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1420s (sortu gabe)">1420s</a>-1430s an Cristoforo Buondelmontik egina.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Konstantino_I.a_Handia" title="Konstantino I.a Handia">Konstantino I.ak</a> <a href="/wiki/Lizinio" title="Lizinio">Lizinio</a> garaitu zuenean Krisopolisko guduan <a href="/wiki/324" title="324">324ko</a> irailean, <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Erromatar Inperioa">Erromatar Inperioko</a> enperadore bakar bihurtu zen. Bi hilabete geroago, Konstantinok Bizantzio ordeztuko zuen hiri kristau berriaren planoa ezarri zuen. Inperioaren ekialdeko hiriburu zen <a href="/wiki/Nikomedia" title="Nikomedia">Nikomedia</a> ordezkatzeko sortua, hiriaren izen berria <i>Nea Roma</i> (<a href="/wiki/Erroma" title="Erroma">Erroma</a> Berria) izan zen, baina ezagunagoa egin zen <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopla" title="Konstantinopla">Konstantinopla</a> izenarekin (<i>Konstantinoren hiria</i>), <a href="/wiki/XX._mendea" title="XX. mendea">XX. mendea</a> arte iraungo zuena. Sei urte geroago, <a href="/wiki/330" title="330">330ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Maiatzaren_11" title="Maiatzaren 11">maiatzaren 11n</a>, Konstantinopla hiriburu izendatu zuten, gerora <a href="/wiki/Bizantziar_Inperioa" title="Bizantziar Inperioa">Bizantziar Inperioa</a> izan zena. </p><p>Hiriburu hura ezartzea Konstantinoren lorpen iraunkorrenetakoa izan zen, erromatar boterea ekialderatuz eta greziar kulturaren eta <a href="/wiki/Kristautasun" title="Kristautasun">kristautasunaren</a> erdigune bihurtu baitzen<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Eliza ugari eraiki ziren hirian zehar, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Sofia" title="Santa Sofia">Hagia Sofia</a> barne, mila urtez munduko <a href="/wiki/Katedral" title="Katedral">katedral</a> handiena izan zena. Hiriaren kokalekuak Konstantinoplaren beraren existentzia ziurtatu zuen, eta <a href="/wiki/Konstantinoplako_harresiak" title="Konstantinoplako harresiak">harresiek</a> Europa babestu zuten ekialdeko inbaditzaileengandik eta <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamaren</a> aurrerakadatik. <a href="/wiki/Erdi_Aroa" title="Erdi Aroa">Erdi Aro</a>ko mende gehienetan, Konstantinopla <a href="/wiki/Mendebaldea_(kultura)" title="Mendebaldea (kultura)">Mendebaldeko</a> hiri handiena eta aberatsena izan zen. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Siege_of_a_city,_medieval_miniature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Siege_of_a_city%2C_medieval_miniature.jpg/210px-Siege_of_a_city%2C_medieval_miniature.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Siege_of_a_city%2C_medieval_miniature.jpg/315px-Siege_of_a_city%2C_medieval_miniature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Siege_of_a_city%2C_medieval_miniature.jpg/420px-Siege_of_a_city%2C_medieval_miniature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="697" /></a><figcaption>Konstantinoplaren erortzea.</figcaption></figure> <p>Konstantinoplaren beheraldia <a href="/wiki/Laugarren_Gurutzada" title="Laugarren Gurutzada">Laugarren Gurutzadarekin</a> hasi zen, gurutzatuek Bizantziar Inperioa estatu txikiagoetan zatikatu baitzuten. Hiria <a href="/wiki/Konstantinoplako_Inperio_Latindarra" title="Konstantinoplako Inperio Latindarra">Latindar Inperioaren</a> hiriburu bihurtu zen, gurutzatu katolikoek bultzatua <a href="/wiki/Ortodoxo_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ortodoxo (argipena)">ortodoxoena</a> ordezkatzeko asmoarekin. Hala ere, Latindar Inperioak ez zuen luze iraun eta Bizantziar Inperioa <a href="/wiki/1261" title="1261">1261ean</a> berrezarri zen, baina ahuldu samar zegoen. Hiriko elizak, babesak eta oinarrizko zerbitzuak gain-beheran zeuden eta biztanle kopurua 40.000 baino ez zen, <a href="/wiki/IX._mendea" title="IX. mendea">IX. mendeko</a> milioi erdiarekin alderatuta. </p><p><a href="/wiki/XIV._mendea" title="XIV. mendea">XIV. mende</a> erdialdean, otomandar turkiarrak estrategia militar bat hasi zuten hiria itotzeko asmoarekin, herri txikiagoak bereganatuz eta hornidura bideak itxiz. Azkenean, <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Maiatzaren_29" title="Maiatzaren 29">maiatzaren 29an</a>, zortzi asteko setioaren ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II.a" title="Mehmed II.a">Mehmed II.a</a> <i>Konkistatzailea</i> sultanak <a href="/wiki/Konstantinoplaren_erorialdia" title="Konstantinoplaren erorialdia">Konstantinopla hartu</a> zuen eta <a href="/wiki/Otomandar_Inperioa" title="Otomandar Inperioa">Otomandar Inperioaren</a> hiriburu izendatu. Ordu batzuk geroago, sultana Hagia Sofia elizara joan eta <a href="/wiki/Iman" title="Iman">iman</a> bat deitu zuen Islamaren kredoa errezitatzeko eta katedral handia <a href="/wiki/Meskita" title="Meskita">meskita</a> inperial bihurtu zen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkiarren_agintea">Turkiarren agintea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Turkiarren agintea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Turkiarren agintea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:S%C3%BCleymaniye_Mosque,_Istanbul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/S%C3%BCleymaniye_Mosque%2C_Istanbul.jpg/170px-S%C3%BCleymaniye_Mosque%2C_Istanbul.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/S%C3%BCleymaniye_Mosque%2C_Istanbul.jpg/255px-S%C3%BCleymaniye_Mosque%2C_Istanbul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/S%C3%BCleymaniye_Mosque%2C_Istanbul.jpg/340px-S%C3%BCleymaniye_Mosque%2C_Istanbul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2574" data-file-height="3537" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleymaniye_meskita" title="Süleymaniye meskita">Süleymaniye meskita</a> (<a href="/wiki/XIX._mendea" title="XIX. mendea">XIX. mende</a> amaierako argazkian) <a href="/wiki/Mimar_Sinan" title="Mimar Sinan">Mimar Sinan</a> arkitektoak egina</figcaption></figure> <p>Konstantinopla erori eta gero, <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II.a" title="Mehmed II.a">Mehmed II.ak</a> hiria biziberritzea erabaki zuen. <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> eta beste herrialdeetako <a href="/wiki/Musulman" title="Musulman">musulmanak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristautasun" title="Kristautasun">kristauak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Judu" title="Judu">juduak</a> ekarrarazi zituen, borondatez ala indarrez, gizarte kosmopolita sortzeraino. Mendearen amaieran, hiriak 200.000 biztanle zituen, Europako bigarren handiena<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Era berean, Mehmed II.ak azpiegitura zaharkituak berritu zituen eta <a href="/wiki/Bazar_Handia_(Istanbul)" title="Bazar Handia (Istanbul)">Bazar Handia</a> eraikitzen hasi. Garai hartan <a href="/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_jauregia" title="Topkapı jauregia">Topkapı jauregia</a> ere eraiki zen, laurehun urtez sultanaren egoitza ofiziala izan zena. </p><p>Hiria, Kristautasunaren babes izatetik, kultura islamikoaren ikur izatera igaro zen. <a href="/wiki/Meskita" title="Meskita">Meskita</a> inperial ugari eraiki ziren, sarri <a href="/wiki/Eskola" title="Eskola">eskolaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ospitale" title="Ospitale">ospitalez</a> eta bainu publikoz atxikiak. <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_I.a" title="Suleiman I.a">Suleiman I.aren</a> sultanaldia (<a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>-<a href="/wiki/1566" title="1566">1566</a>) arte eta arkitekturako lorpen handiko garaia izan zen. <a href="/wiki/Mimar_Sinan" title="Mimar Sinan">Mimar Sinan</a> arkitektoburuak <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleymaniye_meskita" title="Süleymaniye meskita">Süleymaniye meskita</a> eta beste hainbat eraikin diseinatu zituen eta <a href="/wiki/Zeramika" title="Zeramika">zeramika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaligrafia" title="Kaligrafia">kaligrafia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Miniatura" title="Miniatura">miniaturagintza</a> loratu ziren. <a href="/wiki/XVIII._mendea" title="XVIII. mendea">XVIII. mende</a> amaieran, hiriak 570.000 biztanle zituen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/XIX._mendea" title="XIX. mendea">XIX. mende</a> hasierako matxinada garaiak <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II.a" title="Mahmud II.a">Mahmud II.a</a> sultanaren goraldia eragin zuen, eta Europa Mendebaldeko kulturarekin lerratu zen inperioa. Garai honetan <a href="/wiki/Zubi" title="Zubi">zubiak</a> eraiki ziren <a href="/wiki/Urrezko_Adarra" title="Urrezko Adarra">Urrezko Adarra</a> zeharkatzeko, eta hiria <a href="/wiki/Burdinbide" title="Burdinbide">burdinbidez</a> lotu zen Europako sarearekin 1880ko hamarkadan. <i>Tünel</i> linea, munduko <a href="/wiki/Metro_(garraiobidea)" title="Metro (garraiobidea)">metro</a> zaharrenetarikoa, <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875ean</a> ireki zen, eta beste hainbat azpiegitura moderno ere (ur hornidura, argindarra, telefonoa eta tranbiak) hurrengo urteetan eraiki ziren, nahiz eta Europako beste hirietan baino geroago izan. </p><p>Hala ere, modernizazio esfortzuak ez ziren nahikoak izan Otomandar Inperioaren gainbehera galarazteko. <a href="/wiki/XX._mendea" title="XX. mendea">XX. mende</a> hasieran, <a href="/wiki/Turkiar_Gazteak" title="Turkiar Gazteak">Turkiar Gazte</a>en Iraultzak eta gerra ugariek Inperioaren porrot ekonomikoa ekarri zuen. <a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra">Lehen Mundu Gerra</a> bukatutakoan, britainiarrek, frantziarrek eta italiarrek hiria hartu zuten. Azken otomandar sultana, <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI.a" title="Mehmed VI.a">Mehmed VI.a</a>, 1922ko azaroan erbesteratu zuten. Urtebetera okupazioa amaitu zen, <a href="/wiki/Lausanako_Hitzarmena" title="Lausanako Hitzarmena">Lausanako Ituna</a> sinatu eta <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> iraultzaileak <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkiako Errepublika</a> izendatu zuen <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Urriaren_29" title="Urriaren 29">urriaren 29an</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Errepublika">Errepublika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Errepublika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Errepublika"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiako Errepublika berriaren hiriburua <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankarara</a> eraman zen eta <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930ean</a> hiriaren izen ofizial bakartzat <i>Istanbul</i> ezarri. Nahiz eta hiriburutasuna galdu, <a href="/wiki/1940ko_hamarkada" title="1940ko hamarkada">1940ko hamarkada</a> amaieratik aldaketa estruktural handiak jasan zituen, hala nola, <a href="/wiki/Plaza" title="Plaza">plaza</a> (adibidez, Taksim plaza), bulebar eta hiribide berriak, batzuetan eraikin historikoen kaltetan. Hiriko biztanleria laster hazten hasi zen <a href="/wiki/1970eko_hamarkada" title="1970eko hamarkada">1970eko hamarkadatik</a> aurrera, Anatoliako biztanleak hirira <a href="/wiki/Enplegu" title="Enplegu">enplegu</a> bila iristen ziren heinena. Hiria izugarri hazi zen, inguruko herri eta basoak irensteraino, eta Istanbulgo <a href="/wiki/Metropoli_eremu" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropoli eremu">metropoli eremua</a> eratu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografia">Demografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Demografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Demografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="float:right; font-size:93%;width:310px;height:16px;border:0;text-align:left;line-height:120%;margin-left:10px; margin-bottom:10px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; background:#f4f4f4;" height="24px"><b>Istanbuleko biztanleria historian zehar</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Urtea </th> <th>Biztanleak </th> <th>Urtea </th> <th>Biztanleak </th></tr> <tr> <td>330 </td> <td>40.000 </td> <td>1914 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Decrease2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 909.978 </td></tr> <tr> <td>400 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 200.000-400.000 </td> <td>1927 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Decrease2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 680.857 </td></tr> <tr> <td>530 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 550.000 </td> <td>1935 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 741.148 </td></tr> <tr> <td>545 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Decrease2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 350.000 </td> <td>1940 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 793.949 </td></tr> <tr> <td>715 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Decrease2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 300.000 </td> <td>1945 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 860.558 </td></tr> <tr> <td>950 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 400.000 </td> <td>1950 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 983.041 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1200 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Decrease2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 250.000-300.000 </td> <td>1955 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 1.268.771 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1453 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Decrease2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 36.000 </td> <td>1960 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 1.466.535 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1477 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 70.000 </td> <td>1965 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 1.742.978 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1566 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 600.000 </td> <td>1970 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 2.132.407 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1690 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 750.000-800.000 </td> <td>1975 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 2.547.364 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1817 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Decrease2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 500.000 </td> <td>1980 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 2.772.708 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1860 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 715.000 </td> <td>1985 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 5.475.982 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1885 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 873.570 </td> <td>1990 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 6.629.431 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1890 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 874.000 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 8.803.468 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1897 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 1.059.000 </td> <td>2007 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 11.372.613 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1901 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Decrease2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 942.900 </td> <td>2010 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 12.915.158 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Metropoli_eremu" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropoli eremu">Metropoli eremuak</a> 11.372.613 biztanle ditu, 2007ko erroldaren arabera<sup id="cite_ref-Turkey_pop_2007_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turkey_pop_2007-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta egun munduko hiri handienetakoa da. Gainera, biztanleriaren hazkuntza tasa % 3,45 da egun, batez ere landa lurretako etorkinak direla-eta. Istanbulgo <a href="/wiki/Biztanle_dentsitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Biztanle dentsitate">biztanle dentsitatea</a> 1.700 bizt/km² da, Turkiako batez besteko den 81 bizt/km² zifratik urrun<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Metropolitar eremuko biztanleria hirukoiztu egin zen 25 urtetan, 1980 eta 2005 artean. Gutxi gorabehera, istanbuldarren % 70 europar aldean bizi dira eta % 30, asiar aldean. Turkia hego-ekialdeko <a href="/wiki/Langabezia" title="Langabezia">langabezia</a> tasa zela-eta, eskualde horietako asko Istanbulera lekualdatu ziren lan bila, eta hiriaren <a href="/wiki/Aldiri" title="Aldiri">aldirietan</a> ezarri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ondasun_nabarmenak">Ondasun nabarmenak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ondasun nabarmenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ondasun nabarmenak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Istanbulgo_gune_historikoak" title="Istanbulgo gune historikoak">Istanbulgo gune historikoak</a>»</div> <ul><li>Gaztelu eta jauregiak <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_jauregia" title="Topkapı jauregia">Topkapı jauregia</a>, Otomandar Inperioaren egoitza administratiborik garrantzitsuena.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porfirogenetaren_jauregia" title="Porfirogenetaren jauregia">Porfirogenetaren jauregia</a> (<i>τὰ βασίλεια τοῦ Πορφυρογεννήτου</i>, <i>Tekfur Sarayı</i>)</li> <li>Dolmabahçe jauregia</li> <li>Çırağan jauregia</li> <li>Rumeli Hisari</li> <li>Yedikule gaztelua (<i>Zazpi dorreen gaztelua</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galata_dorrea" title="Galata dorrea">Galata dorrea</a></li></ul></li> <li>Meskita eta elizak: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sofia" title="Santa Sofia">Hagia Sofia</a> museoa, mila urtez kristau katedralik handiena izan zena, <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453an</a> otomandarrek meskita bihurtua, eta <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935ean</a> azkenik <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Kemal Atatürk">Kemal Atatürkek</a> museo bihurtua.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskita_Urdina" title="Meskita Urdina">Meskita Urdina</a> (<i>Sultanahmet Camii</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleymaniye_meskita" title="Süleymaniye meskita">Süleymaniye meskita</a> (<i>Süleymaniye Camii</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskita_Berria_(Istanbul)" title="Meskita Berria (Istanbul)">Meskita Berria</a> (<i>Yeni Cami</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCstempa%C5%9Fa_meskita" title="Rüstempaşa meskita">Rüstempaşa meskita</a> (<i>Rüstempaşa Camii</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sofia_Txikia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagia Sofia Txikia">Hagia Sofia Txikia</a> (<i>Küçuk Ayasofya Camii</i>, <i>Eκκλησία τῶν Άγίων Σεργίου καί Βάκχου ὲν τοῖς Ὸρμίσδου</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kora_eliza" title="Kora eliza">Kora eliza</a> (<i>Kariye Camii</i>)</li> <li>Hagia Irene (<i>Aya İrini</i>, <i>Ἁγία Εἰρήνη</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazar_Handia_(Istanbul)" title="Bazar Handia (Istanbul)">Bazar Handia</a></li> <li>İstiklâl hiribidea (<i>İstiklâl Caddesi</i>, <i>Grande Rue de Pera</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilika_uhaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilika uhaska">Basilika uhaska</a> edo <i>Yerebatan</i> uhaska erromatarra.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valente" title="Valente">Valenteren</a> akueduktua (<i>Bozdoğan Kemeri</i>, <i>Ἀγωγός του ὕδατος</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urrezko_Adarra" title="Urrezko Adarra">Urrezko Adarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinoplako_harresiak" title="Konstantinoplako harresiak">Konstantinoplako harresiak</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Barrutiak">Barrutiak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Barrutiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Barrutiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em; float:center; font-size:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%">Istanbulgo barrutiak </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="font-size: 100%;" colspan="4"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adalar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adalar (sortu gabe)">Adalar</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrito_de_Ata%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrito de Ataşehir (sortu gabe)">Ataşehir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beykoz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beykoz (sortu gabe)">Beykoz</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekmek%C3%B6y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çekmeköy (sortu gabe)">Çekmeköy</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6y" title="Kadıköy">Kadıköy</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kartal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kartal (sortu gabe)">Kartal</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltepe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maltepe (sortu gabe)">Maltepe</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendik (sortu gabe)">Pendik</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sancaktepe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sancaktepe (sortu gabe)">Sancaktepe</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanbeyli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanbeyli (sortu gabe)">Sultanbeyli</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şile (sortu gabe)">Şile</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuzla_(Istanbul)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuzla (Istanbul) (sortu gabe)">Tuzla</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cmraniye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ümraniye (sortu gabe)">Ümraniye</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Üsküdar (sortu gabe)">Üsküdar</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnavutk%C3%B6y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnavutköy (sortu gabe)">Arnavutköy</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avc%C4%B1lar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avcılar (sortu gabe)">Avcılar</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%C4%9Fc%C4%B1lar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bağcılar (sortu gabe)">Bağcılar</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A7elievler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahçelievler (sortu gabe)">Bahçelievler</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bak%C4%B1rk%C3%B6y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakırköy (sortu gabe)">Bakırköy</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%C5%9Fak%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Başakşehir (sortu gabe)">Başakşehir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayrampa%C5%9Fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayrampaşa (sortu gabe)">Bayrampaşa</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beşiktaş (sortu gabe)">Beşiktaş</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beylikd%C3%BCz%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beylikdüzü (sortu gabe)">Beylikdüzü</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beyo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beyoğlu (sortu gabe)">Beyoğlu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk%C3%A7ekmece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Büyükçekmece (sortu gabe)">Büyükçekmece</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87atalca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çatalca (sortu gabe)">Çatalca</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esenler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esenler (sortu gabe)">Esenler</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esenyurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esenyurt (sortu gabe)">Esenyurt</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ey%C3%BCpsultan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyüpsultan (sortu gabe)">Eyüpsultan</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatih (sortu gabe)">Fatih</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaziosmanpa%C5%9Fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaziosmanpaşa (sortu gabe)">Gaziosmanpaşa</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCng%C3%B6ren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Güngören (sortu gabe)">Güngören</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka%C4%9F%C4%B1thane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kağıthane (sortu gabe)">Kağıthane</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk%C3%A7ekmece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Küçükçekmece (sortu gabe)">Küçükçekmece</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sar%C4%B1yer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarıyer (sortu gabe)">Sarıyer</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silivri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silivri (sortu gabe)">Silivri</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultangazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultangazi (sortu gabe)">Sultangazi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Ei%C5%9Fli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şişli (sortu gabe)">Şişli</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeytinburnu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeytinburnu (sortu gabe)">Zeytinburnu</a> | </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Garraioa">Garraioa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Garraioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Garraioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Haydarpa%C5%9Fa_terminal%C4%B1,_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Haydarpa%C5%9Fa_terminal%C4%B1%2C_2008.jpg/220px-Haydarpa%C5%9Fa_terminal%C4%B1%2C_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Haydarpa%C5%9Fa_terminal%C4%B1%2C_2008.jpg/330px-Haydarpa%C5%9Fa_terminal%C4%B1%2C_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Haydarpa%C5%9Fa_terminal%C4%B1%2C_2008.jpg/440px-Haydarpa%C5%9Fa_terminal%C4%B1%2C_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6676" data-file-height="4244" /></a><figcaption>Haydarpaşa geltokia.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Vapuristanbul.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Vapuristanbul.JPG/220px-Vapuristanbul.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Vapuristanbul.JPG/330px-Vapuristanbul.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Vapuristanbul.JPG/440px-Vapuristanbul.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1537" data-file-height="915" /></a><figcaption>"Vapur" bat Bosforoan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Istanbulen bi tren geltoki daude, Sirkeci (europar aldean) <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889an</a> eraikia eta Haydarpaşa (asiar aldean) <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909koa</a>. Sirkeci geltokira iristen zen <i><a href="/wiki/Orient_Express" title="Orient Express">Orient-Express</a></i> linea ezaguna, eta bertatik irteten dira egun <i>Paris</i>-<i>Venezia-Orient-Express</i> (aurrekoaren oinordekoa-edo), <i>Danubio-Express</i>, <i>Bosforo-Express</i>, eta <a href="/wiki/Grezia" title="Grezia">Greziara</a> doan <i>Laguntasunaren trena</i>. Hayderpasa geltokitik, <i>Trans-Asia-Express</i> linea irtetean da <a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheranerantz</a> eta antzinako <i>Taurus-Express</i> <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdadera</a>. Bertatik <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankarara</a> doazen <a href="/wiki/Abiadura_handiko_tren" class="mw-redirect" title="Abiadura handiko tren">abiadura handiko trena</a> berriak ere irteten dira. Bosforoa igaroko duen burdinbide tunela, <i>Marmaray</i> izenekoa, 2004tik eraikitzen ari dira eta 2013an inauguratu zen. </p><p>Bi nazioarteko aireportu ditu hiriak: <a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk_nazioarteko_aireportua" title="Atatürk nazioarteko aireportua">Atatürk nazioarteko aireportua,</a> europar aldean, eta Sabiha Gökçen nazioarteko aireportua, asiarrean. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Istanbulgo_metroa" title="Istanbulgo metroa">Istanbulgo metroak</a> linea bakarra du, baina 2008an 68 milioi bidaiarik erabili zuten. Hala ere, badira halaber metro arineko linea bat (<i>hafif metro</i>), <a href="/wiki/Tranbia" title="Tranbia">tranbia</a> eta bi <a href="/wiki/Funikular" title="Funikular">funikular</a>, aldirietako tren lineez gain. Beste hirien adibideari jarraiki, 2009an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metrobus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metrobus (sortu gabe)">metrobus</a> sistema abian jarri zen. </p><p>Gainera, udalak ur-gaineko garraio sistema kudeatzen du, Bosfororen bi ertzetako ontziralekuak lotzeko. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Taxi" title="Taxi">Taxi</a>en sarea (<a href="/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera">turkieraz</a>, <i>taksi</i>) oso garatuta dago: <a href="/wiki/Automobil" title="Automobil">auto</a> horiak dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kirola">Kirola</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kirola»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Kirola"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Futbola">Futbola</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Futbola»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Futbola"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Galatasaray" title="Galatasaray">Galatasaray SK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenerbah%C3%A7e" title="Fenerbahçe">Fenerbahçe SK</a>, eta <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F_JK" title="Beşiktaş JK">Beşiktaş JK</a> hiriko talderik indartsuenak dira: elkarren artean lehia handia dago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hedabideak">Hedabideak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hedabideak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Hedabideak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumhuriyet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cumhuriyet (sortu gabe)">Cumhuriyet</a> egunkaria.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istanbuldar_ospetsuak">Istanbuldar ospetsuak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Istanbuldar ospetsuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Istanbuldar ospetsuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Re%C5%9Fat_Nuri_G%C3%BCntekin" title="Reşat Nuri Güntekin">Reşat Nuri Güntekin</a> (<a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>-<a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>), idazlea.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>-), idazlea.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihat_Kahveci" title="Nihat Kahveci">Nihat Kahveci</a> (<a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>-), futbolaria.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEuskaltzaindia"><a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/dok/arauak/Araua_0162.pdf"><i>Anatoliako eta Hego Kaukasoko toponimia. </i></a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Turkieraz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Turkieraz)</b></span> «Büyükşehir Belediyeleri ve Bağlı Belediyelerin Nüfusları - 2009». Nadrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayit Sistemi (Adnks) Veri Tabani. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. 2010-08-24an eskuratua.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/356"><i>UNESCO | Istanbulgo gune historikoak. </i></a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEuskaltzaindia2012-03-30"><a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindia</a>.  (2012-03-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/dok/arauak/Araua_0168.pdf"><i>168. araua: Afrika kolonialeko toponimia. </i></a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.istanbul.gov.tr/Default.aspx?pid=294"><i>Istanbul from a Bird's Eye View. </i></a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-topo-6"><a href="#cite_ref-topo_6-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourism.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D3130239EEA0FCDF038B91FBF5F1F3911EBA"><i>The Topography of İstanbul. </i></a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Turkieraz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Turkieraz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.gov.tr/files/kurumsal/ekitap/4mevsim2/s5152.pdf">«İstanbul Bölge Müdürlüğü'ne Bağlı İstasyonlarda Ölçülen Ekstrem Değerler»</a> (PDF) <i>Meteor.gov.org</i>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.gov.tr/files/kurumsal/ekitap/4mevsim2/s5152.pdf">jatorrizkotik</a> artxibatua (artxibatze data: 2014)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> <span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldweather.org/014/c00047.htm"><i></i></a><i><a href="/wiki/NBE" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="NBE">NBE</a> (Climatological Information of Istanbul). </i></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Turkieraz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Turkieraz)</b></span> <span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteor.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/yillik-toplam-yagis-verileri.aspx?m=ISTANBUL"><i>Yıllık Toplam Yağış Verileri - İstanbul. </i></a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> <span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT004370"><i>BBC Weather Centre - World Weather - Average Conditions - Istanbul, Turkey - Istanbul, Turkia). </i></a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRainsford">Rainsford, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7820924.stm"><i>Istanbul's ancient past unearthed. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 21 April 2010)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">"Kaltzedonia" era arautua <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/dok/arauak/Araua_0147.pdf">Antzinateko hirien euskarazko izenak</a> 147. arauan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Lister, Richard P. (1979). The Travels of Herodotus. Londres: Gordon & Cremonesi. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-86033-081-8" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-86033-081-8">ISBN 0-86033-081-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">De Souza, Philip (2003). The Greek and Persian Wars, 499-386 B.C.. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-415-96854-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-415-96854-2">ISBN 0-415-96854-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Barnes, Timothy David (1981). Constantine and Eusebius. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-674-16531-4" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-674-16531-4">ISBN 0-674-16531-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Chandler, Tertius; Fox, Gerald (1974). 3000 Years of Urban Growth. London: Academic Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turkey_pop_2007-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Turkey_pop_2007_17-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuik.gov.tr/jsp/duyuru/upload/adnks_Harita_TR/HaritaTR.html">Türkiye istatistik kurumu</a> Helbidean oinarritutako errolda. (2008-04-19)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Turkieraz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Turkieraz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urge-project.ufz.de/istanbul/general.htm"><i>Presentation of Reference City: Istanbul. </i></a></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibb.gov.tr/">Hiriaren webgune ofiziala</a> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Turkieraz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Turkieraz)</b></span> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q406">Q406</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Istanbul">Istanbul</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q406%22">Q406</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-135931454">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/135931454/">135931454</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121641665">0000000121641665</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX451084">XX451084</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864652s">11864652s</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864652s">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4027821-9">4027821-9</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79034985">n79034985</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628218">00628218</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129395">ge129395</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA17741580">DA17741580</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044311">10044311</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02638986X">02638986X</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Istanbul">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Lekuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Getty_Thesaurus_of_Geographic_Names" title="Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names">TGN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/7002473">7002473</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24575107" class="extiw" title="d:Q24575107">Atlas Digital del Imperio Romano</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imperium.ahlfeldt.se/places/5472">5472</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q406">Q406</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Istanbul">Istanbul</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q406%22">Q406</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gizateriaren_Ondarea_Turkian" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9235565">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/wiki/Txantiloi:Gizateriaren_Ondarea_Turkian" title="Txantiloi:Gizateriaren Ondarea Turkian"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Gizateriaren_Ondarea_Turkian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Gizateriaren Ondarea Turkian (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Gizateriaren_Ondarea_Turkian&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gizateriaren_Ondarea_Turkian" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gizateriaren_Ondare" class="mw-redirect" title="Gizateriaren Ondare">Gizateriaren Ondarea</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkian</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egeoko_Kosta_eskualdea" title="Egeoko Kosta eskualdea">Egeo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:90%;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrodisias" title="Afrodisias">Afrodisias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efeso" title="Efeso">Efeso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierapolis" title="Hierapolis">Hierapolis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pamukkale" title="Pamukkale">Pamukkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamo" title="Pergamo">Pergamo</a></li> <li>Xanthos / <a href="/wiki/Letoon" title="Letoon">Letoon</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Itsaso_Beltzeko_eskualdea" title="Itsaso Beltzeko eskualdea">Itsaso Beltza</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa">Hattusa</a><small>ko hiriburu hitita</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safranbolu" title="Safranbolu">Safranbolu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Anatolia_eskualdea" title="Erdialdeko Anatolia eskualdea">Erdialdeko Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6remeko_Parke_Nazionala" title="Göremeko Parke Nazionala">Göremeko Parke Nazionala</a><small> eta </small><a href="/wiki/Kapadozia" title="Kapadozia">Kapadozia</a><small>ko harrizko guneak</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87atal_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Çatal Höyük">Çatal Höyük</a><small> aztarnategi neolitikoa</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divri%C4%9Fiko_Meskita_Handia" title="Divriğiko Meskita Handia">Divriğiko Ospitale eta Meskita Handia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_Anatolia_eskualdea" title="Ekialdeko Anatolia eskualdea">Ekialdeko Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ani" title="Ani">Ani</a><small>ko hiri zaharra</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marmara_eskualdea" title="Marmara eskualdea">Marmara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Troia" title="Troia">Troia</a><small>ko aztarnategi arkeologikoa</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a><small> eta </small><a href="/wiki/Cumal%C4%B1k%C4%B1z%C4%B1k" title="Cumalıkızık">Cumalıkızık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbulgo_gune_historikoak" title="Istanbulgo gune historikoak">Istanbulgo gune historikoak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selimen_meskita_(Edirne)" title="Selimen meskita (Edirne)">Selimen meskita eta inguruko instalazioak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mediterraneo_Itsasoko_eskualdea" title="Mediterraneo Itsasoko eskualdea">Mediterraneo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xanthos" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthos">Xanthos</a> / Letoon<sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hegoekialdeko_Anatolia_eskualdea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegoekialdeko Anatolia eskualdea">Hego-ekialdeko Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemrut_(mendia)" title="Nemrut (mendia)">Nemrut</a><small> mendia Komagenen</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1rreko_gotorlekua" title="Diyarbakırreko gotorlekua">Diyarbakır<small>reko gotorlekua</small></a><small> eta <a href="/wiki/Hevsel_lorategiak" title="Hevsel lorategiak">Hevsel lorategiak</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe" title="Göbekli Tepe">Göbekli Tepe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Beste eskualdeekin batera</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse" style="clear: both; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 0; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; color: #111; font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 0;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </td> <th width="100%" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; background: #ccccff"><a href="/wiki/Europako_kultura_hiriburua" class="mw-redirect" title="Europako kultura hiriburua">Europako kultura-hiriburuak</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0.5em 1em; background:white"> <div> <p>1985 <a href="/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas">Atenas</a>  •  1986 <a href="/wiki/Florentzia" title="Florentzia">Florentzia</a>  •  1987 <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>  •  1988 <a href="/wiki/Mendebaldeko_Berlin" title="Mendebaldeko Berlin">Mendebaldeko Berlin</a>  •  1989 <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>  •  1990 <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>  •  1991 <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>  •  1992 <a href="/wiki/Madril" title="Madril">Madril</a>  •  1993 <a href="/wiki/Anberes" title="Anberes">Anberes</a>  •  1994 <a href="/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa">Lisboa</a>  •  1995 <a href="/wiki/Luxenburgo_(hiria)" title="Luxenburgo (hiria)">Luxenburgo hiria</a>  •  1996 <a href="/wiki/Kopenhage" title="Kopenhage">Kopenhage</a>  •  1997 <a href="/wiki/Tesalonika" title="Tesalonika">Tesalonika</a>  •  1998 <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>  •  1999 <a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a>  •  2000 <a href="/wiki/Reykjavik" title="Reykjavik">Reykjavik</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Brusela" title="Brusela">Brusela</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Krakovia" title="Krakovia">Krakovia</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bolonia" title="Bolonia">Bolonia</a>  •  2001 <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>  •  2002 <a href="/wiki/Brujas" title="Brujas">Brujas</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>  •  2003 <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>  •  2004 <a href="/wiki/Genova" title="Genova">Genova</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>  •  2005 <a href="/wiki/Cork" title="Cork">Cork</a>  •  2006 <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>  •  2007 <a href="/wiki/Luxenburgo_(hiria)" title="Luxenburgo (hiria)">Luxenburgo hiria</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eskualde_Handia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eskualde Handia (sortu gabe)">Eskualde Handia</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a>  •  2008 <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a>  •  2009 <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>  •  2010 <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a>  •  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Istanbul</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a>  •  2011 <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>  •  2012 <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a>  •  2013 <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Marseilla" title="Marseilla">Marseilla</a>  •  2014 <a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>  •  2015 <a href="/wiki/Mons" title="Mons">Mons</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Plzeň">Plzeň/Pilsen</a>  •  2016 <a href="/wiki/Donostia" title="Donostia">Donostia</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a>  •  2017 <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Pafos" title="Pafos">Pafos</a>  •  2018 <a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Valletta" class="mw-redirect" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>  •  2019 <a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a> 2020-2021eko apirila <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a>  •  2022 <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>  •  2023 <a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Eleusis" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a>  •  2024 <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8" title="Bodø">Bodø</a> 2025 <a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a> </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Zetaren_Bidean_zeuden_hiri_nagusiak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: lightblue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9235565"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Zetaren_Bidean_zeuden_hiri_nagusiak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi:Zetaren Bidean zeuden hiri nagusiak (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";background: lightblue;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Zetaren_Bidean_zeuden_hiri_nagusiak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Zetaren Bidean zeuden hiri nagusiak (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";background: lightblue;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Zetaren_Bidean_zeuden_hiri_nagusiak&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";background: lightblue;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Zetaren_Bidean_zeuden_hiri_nagusiak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Zetaren Bidean zeuden hiri nagusiak</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background: lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_Asia" title="Ekialdeko Asia">Ekialdeko Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; background: #fff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika"><img alt="Txinako Herri Errepublika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b>Txina:</b> <a href="/wiki/Aksu_Hiria" title="Aksu Hiria">Aksu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hotan_Hiria" title="Hotan Hiria">Hotan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan" title="Jiayuguan">Jiayuguan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karasahr" title="Karasahr">Karasahr</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kuqa_Konderria" title="Kuqa Konderria">Kucha</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turfan" title="Turfan">Turfan</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wuwei" title="Wuwei">Wuwei</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background: lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Asia" title="Erdialdeko Asia">Erdialdeko Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; background: #fff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan"><img alt="Afganistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <b>Afganistan:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bagram" title="Bagram">Bagram</a> • <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bamyan" title="Bamyan">Bamyan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <b>Kazakhstan:</b> <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> • <a href="/wiki/Talgar" title="Talgar">Talgar</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan"><img alt="Kirgizistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b>Kirgizistan:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">Ox</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b>Tajikistan:</b> <a href="/wiki/Khorog" title="Khorog">Khorog</a> • <a href="/wiki/Khujand" title="Khujand">Khujand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Panjakent" title="Panjakent">Panjakent</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b>Turkmenistan:</b> <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <b>Uzbekistan:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/Samarkanda" title="Samarkanda">Samarkanda</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/Shahrisabz" title="Shahrisabz">Kesh (Shahrisabz)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Khiva" title="Khiva">Khiva</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kokand" title="Kokand">Kokand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Taxkent" title="Taxkent">Taxkent</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background: lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Transkaukasia" title="Transkaukasia">Transkaukasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; background: #fff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b>Armenia:</b> <a href="/wiki/Artaxat" title="Artaxat">Artaxat</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b>Azerbaijan:</b> <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shamakhi" title="Shamakhi">Shamakhi</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia"><img alt="Errusia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b>Errusia:</b> <a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a> • <a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia"><img alt="Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b>Georgia:</b> <a href="/wiki/Kutaisi" title="Kutaisi">Kutaisi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Poti" title="Poti">Poti</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background: lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Ekialde_Hurbila" title="Ekialde Hurbila">Ekialde Hurbila</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; background: #fff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak"><img alt="Irak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b>Irak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Seleuzia_Tigrisekoa" title="Seleuzia Tigrisekoa">Seleuzia Tigrisekoa</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <b>Iran:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bam_(Iran)" title="Bam (Iran)">Bam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maxhad" title="Maxhad">Maxhad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xahr-e_Qumis" title="Xahr-e Qumis">Qumis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano"><img alt="Libano" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b>Libano:</b> <a href="/wiki/Tiro" title="Tiro">Tiro</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria"><img alt="Siria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b>Siria:</b> <a href="/wiki/Alepo" title="Alepo">Alepo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Damasko" title="Damasko">Damasko</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dura-Europos" title="Dura-Europos">Dura-Europos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira">Palmira</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia"><img alt="Turkia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <b>Turkia:</b> <b><a href="/wiki/Antiokia" title="Antiokia">Antiokia</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Efeso" title="Efeso">Efeso</a> • <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Istanbul</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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