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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pre-history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronze_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronze_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Bronze Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronze_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Roman era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Moravia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Moravia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Ancient Moravia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Moravia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Union_with_Bohemia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Union_with_Bohemia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Union with Bohemia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Union_with_Bohemia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habsburg_rule_(1526–1918)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habsburg_rule_(1526–1918)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Habsburg rule (1526–1918)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habsburg_rule_(1526–1918)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Machinery_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Machinery_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Machinery industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Machinery_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electrical_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electrical_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Electrical industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electrical_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities_and_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities_and_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cities and towns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cities_and_towns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cities and towns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cities_and_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-People-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle People subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Moravians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moravians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Moravians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moravians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnographic_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnographic_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ethnographic regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnographic_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Places of interest</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Places of interest subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_Heritage_Sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Heritage_Sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>World Heritage Sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Heritage_Sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Moravia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 96 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morawi%C3%AB" title="Morawië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Morawië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4hren" title="Mähren – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mähren" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="مورافيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مورافيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraviya" title="Moraviya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Moraviya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="মোরাভিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোরাভিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Маравія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маравія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Маравія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Маравія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Моравия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Моравия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4hrn" title="Mährn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Mährn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor%C3%A0via" title="Moràvia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Moràvia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morava" title="Morava – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Morava" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morafia" title="Morafia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Morafia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A6hren" title="Mæhren – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mæhren" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4hren" title="Mähren – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mähren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morawa" title="Morawa – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Morawa" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraavia" title="Moraavia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Moraavia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μοραβία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοραβία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravio" title="Moravio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Moravio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="موراویا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موراویا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravie" title="Moravie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moravie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraavje" title="Moraavje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Moraavje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morawyia" title="Morawyia – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Morawyia" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Mhor%C3%A1iv" title="An Mhoráiv – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Mhoráiv" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morabhia" title="Morabhia – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Morabhia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%9D%BC%EB%B0%94" title="모라바 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모라바" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Մորավիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մորավիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morawa" title="Morawa – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Morawa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravska" title="Moravska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Moravska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Морави – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Морави" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A6ri" title="Mæri – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mæri" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="מוראביה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוראביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მორავია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მორავია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2rawsk%C3%B4" title="Mòrawskô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Mòrawskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravya" title="Moravya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Moravya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Моравия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Моравия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia_(terra)" title="Moravia (terra) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Moravia (terra)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor%C4%81vija" title="Morāvija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Morāvija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mieren" title="Mieren – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mieren" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravija" title="Moravija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Moravija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muravia" title="Muravia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Muravia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morvaorsz%C3%A1g" title="Morvaország – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Morvaország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Моравија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Моравија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="മൊറേവിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൊറേവിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Моравия – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Моравия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Морави – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Морави" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravi%C3%AB_(regio)" title="Moravië (regio) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moravië (regio)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravie" title="Moravie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Moravie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" title="モラヴィア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モラヴィア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Морави – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Морави" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4hren" title="Mähren – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mähren" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4hren" title="Mähren – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mähren" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor%C3%A0via" title="Moràvia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Moràvia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraviya" title="Moraviya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Moraviya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਮੋਰਾਵੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੋਰਾਵੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="موراویا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موراویا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravie" title="Moravie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Moravie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morawy" title="Morawy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morawy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor%C3%A1via" title="Morávia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Morávia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murawya" title="Murawya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Murawya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Морава (історічна країна) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Морава (історічна країна)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Моравия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Моравия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravie" title="Moravie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Moravie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morava_(regi%C3%B3n)" title="Morava (región) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Morava (región)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravska" title="Moravska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Moravska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morawa" title="Morawa – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Morawa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravska" title="Moravska – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Moravska" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravska" title="Moravska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Moravska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4%C3%A4ri" title="Määri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Määri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4hren" title="Mähren – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mähren" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morabya" title="Morabya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Morabya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="มอเรเวีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มอเรเวีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravya" title="Moravya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Moravya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Моравія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Моравія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="موراویا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موراویا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Moravia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morava" title="Morava – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Morava" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Moravia&params=49.5_N_17_E_scale:3000000_type:city(3000000)_region:CZ"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">17°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.5°N 17°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.5; 17</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical region in the Czech Republic</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Czech region. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Moravia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Moravia (disambiguation)">Moravia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical land in Czech Republic</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Moravia</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">Morava</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Czech_lands" title="Czech lands">Historical land</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:#ffffff;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:260px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#ffffff;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Overview_of_Mikulov_from_Svat%C3%BD_Kope%C4%8Dek_2020_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Mikulov from Svatý kopeček"><img alt="View of Mikulov from Svatý kopeček" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Overview_of_Mikulov_from_Svat%C3%BD_Kope%C4%8Dek_2020_02.jpg/250px-Overview_of_Mikulov_from_Svat%C3%BD_Kope%C4%8Dek_2020_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Overview_of_Mikulov_from_Svat%C3%BD_Kope%C4%8Dek_2020_02.jpg/330px-Overview_of_Mikulov_from_Svat%C3%BD_Kope%C4%8Dek_2020_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brno_Parnas_Fountain-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zelný trh and Parnas fountain, Brno"><img alt="Zelný trh and Parnas fountain, Brno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Brno_Parnas_Fountain-02.jpg/250px-Brno_Parnas_Fountain-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Brno_Parnas_Fountain-02.jpg/330px-Brno_Parnas_Fountain-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5588" data-file-height="3725" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#ffffff;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%A1mek_-_Lednice_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lednice Castle"><img alt="Lednice Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Z%C3%A1mek_-_Lednice_2.jpg/250px-Z%C3%A1mek_-_Lednice_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Z%C3%A1mek_-_Lednice_2.jpg/330px-Z%C3%A1mek_-_Lednice_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olomouc,_Horn%C3%AD_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_(2017).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Horní náměstí with Holy Trinity Column, Olomouc"><img alt="Horní náměstí with Holy Trinity Column, Olomouc" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Olomouc%2C_Horn%C3%AD_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_%282017%29.jpg/250px-Olomouc%2C_Horn%C3%AD_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_%282017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Olomouc%2C_Horn%C3%AD_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_%282017%29.jpg/330px-Olomouc%2C_Horn%C3%AD_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_%282017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3050" data-file-height="2047" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>From top, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Mikulov" title="Mikulov">Mikulov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lednice_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lednice Castle">Lednice Castle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_of_arms_of_Moravia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Moravia"><img alt="Flag of Moravia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Banner_of_arms_of_Moravia.svg/120px-Banner_of_arms_of_Moravia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Banner_of_arms_of_Moravia.svg/250px-Banner_of_arms_of_Moravia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Moravia" title="Flag of Moravia">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moravia_(red-silver).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Moravia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Moravia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Moravia_%28red-silver%29.svg/120px-Moravia_%28red-silver%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="82" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Moravia_%28red-silver%29.svg/250px-Moravia_%28red-silver%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Moravia" title="Coat of arms of Moravia">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CZ-cleneni-Morava-wl.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Moravia (green) overlapped with the current regions of the Czech Republic"><img alt="Moravia (green) overlapped with the current regions of the Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CZ-cleneni-Morava-wl.png/250px-CZ-cleneni-Morava-wl.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CZ-cleneni-Morava-wl.png/500px-CZ-cleneni-Morava-wl.png 1.5x" data-file-width="3662" data-file-height="2104" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Moravia (green) overlapped with the current <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Regions of the Czech Republic">regions of the Czech Republic</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Moravia.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Moravia in the European Union"><img alt="Location of Moravia in the European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/EU-Moravia.png/250px-EU-Moravia.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/EU-Moravia.png/500px-EU-Moravia.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1682" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Moravia in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Moravia&params=49.5_N_17_E_scale:3000000_type:city(3000000)_region:CZ"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">17°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.5°N 17°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.5; 17</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Regions of the Czech Republic">Regions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moravian-Silesian_Region" title="Moravian-Silesian Region">Moravian-Silesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olomouc_Region" title="Olomouc Region">Olomouc</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Moravian_Region" title="South Moravian Region">South Moravian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vyso%C4%8Dina_Region" title="Vysočina Region">Vysočina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_Region" title="Zlín Region">Zlín</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Bohemian_Region" title="South Bohemian Region">South Bohemian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pardubice_Region" title="Pardubice Region">Pardubice</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First mentioned</th><td class="infobox-data">822<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Great_Moravia" title="Great Moravia">Consolidated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">833<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Former capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a> (1641–1948)<sup id="cite_ref-enb_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Brno, <a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a> (until 1641), <a href="/wiki/Velehrad" title="Velehrad">Velehrad</a> (9th century)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ostrava" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn" title="Zlín">Zlín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jihlava" title="Jihlava">Jihlava</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">22,348.87 km<sup>2</sup> (8,628.95 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,000,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">130/km<sup>2</sup> (350/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moravians" title="Moravians">Moravian</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of airports in the Czech Republic">Primary airport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brno-Tu%C5%99any_Airport" title="Brno-Tuřany Airport">Brno-Tuřany Airport</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Highways in the Czech Republic">Highways</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/D1_motorway_(Czech_Republic)" title="D1 motorway (Czech Republic)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D1.svg/32px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D1.svg/48px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D1.svg/64px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="219" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/D2_motorway_(Czech_Republic)" title="D2 motorway (Czech Republic)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D2.svg/40px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D2.svg/60px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D2.svg/120px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="219" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/D35_motorway_(Czech_Republic)" title="D35 motorway (Czech Republic)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D35.svg/32px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D35.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D35.svg/48px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D35.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D35.svg/64px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D35.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="219" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/D46_motorway_(Czech_Republic)" title="D46 motorway (Czech Republic)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D46.svg/40px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D46.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D46.svg/60px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D46.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D46.svg/120px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D46.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="219" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/D48_motorway_(Czech_Republic)" title="D48 motorway (Czech Republic)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D48.svg/40px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D48.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D48.svg/60px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D48.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D48.svg/120px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D48.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="219" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/D52_motorway_(Czech_Republic)" title="D52 motorway (Czech Republic)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D52.svg/40px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D52.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D52.svg/60px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D52.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D52.svg/120px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D52.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="219" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/D55_motorway_(Czech_Republic)" title="D55 motorway (Czech Republic)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D55.svg/40px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D55.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D55.svg/60px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D55.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D55.svg/120px-CZ_traffic_sign_IS16a_-_D55.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="219" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Moravia</b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: <i lang="cs">Morava</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cs-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">[ˈmorava]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/34\/Cs-Morava.ogg\/Cs-Morava.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Cs-Morava.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/Cs-Morava.ogg/Cs-Morava.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Cs-Morava.ogg" title="File:Cs-Morava.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Mähren</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈmɛːʁən]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/98\/De-M%C3%A4hren2.ogg\/De-M%C3%A4hren2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-M\u00e4hren2.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/De-M%C3%A4hren2.ogg/De-M%C3%A4hren2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-M%C3%A4hren2.ogg" title="File:De-Mähren2.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Historical_region" title="Historical region">historical region</a> in the east of the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> and one of three historical <a href="/wiki/Czech_lands" title="Czech lands">Czech lands</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Czech_Silesia" title="Czech Silesia">Czech Silesia</a>. </p><p>The medieval and early modern <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Moravia" title="Margraviate of Moravia">Margraviate of Moravia</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">crown land</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown" title="Lands of the Bohemian Crown">Lands of the Bohemian Crown</a> from 1348 to 1918, an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial state">imperial state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> from 1004 to 1806, a crown land of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> from 1804 to 1867, and a part of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> from 1867 to 1918. Moravia was one of the five lands of <a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovakia</a> founded in 1918. In 1928 it was merged with <a href="/wiki/Czech_Silesia" title="Czech Silesia">Czech Silesia</a>, and then dissolved in 1948 during the abolition of the land system following the <a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">communist coup d'état</a>. </p><p>Its area of 22,623.41 km<sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is home to about 3.0 million of the Czech Republic's 10.9 million inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The people are historically named <a href="/wiki/Moravians" title="Moravians">Moravians</a>, a subgroup of <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czechs</a>, the other group being called <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The land takes its name from the <a href="/wiki/Morava_(river)" title="Morava (river)">Morava</a> river, which runs from its north to south, being its principal watercourse. Moravia's largest city and historical capital is <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>. Before being sacked by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a> served as the Moravian capital, and it is still the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Olomouc" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Olomouc">Archdiocese of Olomouc</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-enb_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Germans_from_Czechoslovakia" title="Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia">expulsions after 1945</a>, significant parts of Moravia were <a href="/wiki/Moravian_German_dialects" title="Moravian German dialects">German speaking</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region and former margraviate of Moravia, <i>Morava</i> in Czech, is named after its <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Czech_Republic#Rivers_flowing_to_the_Black_Sea_(Danube_basin)" title="List of rivers of the Czech Republic">principal</a> river <a href="/wiki/Morava_(river)" title="Morava (river)">Morava</a>. It is theorized that the river's name is derived from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> <i>*mori</i>: "waters", or indeed any word denoting <i>water</i> or a <i>marsh</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The German name for Moravia is <i>Mähren</i>, from the river's German name <i>March</i>. This could have a different etymology, as <i><a href="/wiki/March_(territory)" title="March (territory)">march</a></i> is a term used in the Medieval times for an outlying territory, a border or a frontier (cf. English <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/march#Etymology_2" class="extiw" title="wikt:march">march</a></i>). In Latin, the name Moravia was used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moravia occupies most of the eastern part of the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>. Moravian territory is naturally strongly determined, in fact, as the <a href="/wiki/Morava_(river)" title="Morava (river)">Morava</a> <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">river basin</a>, with strong effect of mountains in the west (<i>de facto</i> main <a href="/wiki/Water_divide" class="mw-redirect" title="Water divide">European continental divide</a>) and partly in the east, where all the <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)" title="Spring (hydrology)">rivers rise</a>. </p><p>Moravia occupies an exceptional position in Central Europe. All the <a href="/wiki/Highland" title="Highland">highlands</a> in the west and east of this part of Europe run west–east, and therefore form a kind of filter, making north–south or south–north movement more difficult. Only Moravia with the depression of the westernmost <a href="/wiki/Outer_Subcarpathia" title="Outer Subcarpathia">Outer Subcarpathia</a>, 14–40 kilometers (8.7–24.9 mi) wide, between the <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Massif" title="Bohemian Massif">Bohemian Massif</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Western_Carpathians" class="mw-redirect" title="Outer Western Carpathians">Outer Western Carpathians</a> (gripping the <a href="/wiki/Meridian_(geography)" title="Meridian (geography)">meridian</a> at a constant angle of 30°), provides a comfortable connection between the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Basin" title="Pannonian Basin">Danubian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silesian_Lowlands" title="Silesian Lowlands">Polish regions</a>, and this area is thus of great importance in terms of the possible migration routes of large mammals<sup id="cite_ref-anton_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anton-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – both as regards periodically recurring seasonal migrations triggered by climatic oscillations in the <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistory</a>, when permanent <a href="/wiki/Human_settlement" title="Human settlement">settlement</a> started. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kralicky-Sneznik-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Kralicky-Sneznik-03.jpg/250px-Kralicky-Sneznik-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Kralicky-Sneznik-03.jpg/330px-Kralicky-Sneznik-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Kralicky-Sneznik-03.jpg/500px-Kralicky-Sneznik-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption>Rolling hills of the <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lick%C3%BD_Sn%C4%9B%C5%BEn%C3%ADk" title="Králický Sněžník">Králický Sněžník</a> massif, <a href="/wiki/Doln%C3%AD_Morava" title="Dolní Morava">Horní Morava</a>, near the border with <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smrk_a_rameno_%C5%A0ance_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Smrk_a_rameno_%C5%A0ance_1.jpg/250px-Smrk_a_rameno_%C5%A0ance_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Smrk_a_rameno_%C5%A0ance_1.jpg/330px-Smrk_a_rameno_%C5%A0ance_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Smrk_a_rameno_%C5%A0ance_1.jpg/500px-Smrk_a_rameno_%C5%A0ance_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ance_Reservoir" title="Šance Reservoir">Šance Reservoir</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Ostravice_(river)" title="Ostravice (river)">Ostravice</a> River in the <a href="/wiki/Moravian-Silesian_Beskids" title="Moravian-Silesian Beskids">Moravian-Silesian Beskids</a>; the river forms the border with <a href="/wiki/Czech_Silesia" title="Czech Silesia">Silesia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Step_v_%C5%99%C3%ADjnu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Step_v_%C5%99%C3%ADjnu.jpg/250px-Step_v_%C5%99%C3%ADjnu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Step_v_%C5%99%C3%ADjnu.jpg/330px-Step_v_%C5%99%C3%ADjnu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Step_v_%C5%99%C3%ADjnu.jpg/500px-Step_v_%C5%99%C3%ADjnu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohelensk%C3%A1_hadcov%C3%A1_step" class="extiw" title="cs:Mohelenská hadcová step">Steppe landscape</a> near <a href="/wiki/Mohelno" title="Mohelno">Mohelno</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Moravia borders <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> in the west, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Austria" title="Lower Austria">Lower Austria</a> in the southwest, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> in the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> very shortly in the north, and <a href="/wiki/Czech_Silesia" title="Czech Silesia">Czech Silesia</a> in the northeast. Its natural boundary is formed by the <a href="/wiki/Sudetes" title="Sudetes">Sudetes</a> mountains in the north, the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathians</a> in the east and the <a href="/wiki/Bohemian-Moravian_Highlands" title="Bohemian-Moravian Highlands">Bohemian-Moravian Highlands</a> in the west (the border runs from <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lick%C3%BD_Sn%C4%9B%C5%BEn%C3%ADk" title="Králický Sněžník">Králický Sněžník</a> in the north, over <a href="/wiki/Such%C3%BD_vrch" title="Suchý vrch">Suchý vrch</a>, across <a href="/wiki/Upper_Svratka_Highlands" title="Upper Svratka Highlands">Upper Svratka Highlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Javo%C5%99ice_Highlands_(Moravia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Javořice Highlands (Moravia)">Javořice Highlands</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tripoint" title="Tripoint">tripoint</a> nearby <a href="/wiki/Slavonice" title="Slavonice">Slavonice</a> in the south). The <a href="/wiki/Thaya" title="Thaya">Thaya</a> river meanders along the border with <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tripoint" title="Tripoint">tripoint</a> of Moravia, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> is at the <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> of the Thaya and Morava rivers. The northeast border with Silesia runs partly along the <a href="/wiki/Moravice_(river)" title="Moravice (river)">Moravice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Oder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ostravice" title="Ostravice">Ostravice</a> rivers. Between 1782 and 1850, Moravia (also thus known as <i>Moravia-Silesia</i>) also included a small portion of the former province of <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a> – the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Silesia" title="Austrian Silesia">Austrian Silesia</a> (when Frederick the Great annexed most of ancient Silesia (the land of upper and middle Oder river) to <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, Silesia's southernmost part remained with the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburgs</a>). </p><p>Today Moravia includes the <a href="/wiki/South_Moravian_Region" title="South Moravian Region">South Moravian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_Region" title="Zlín Region">Zlín</a> regions, vast majority of the <a href="/wiki/Olomouc_Region" title="Olomouc Region">Olomouc Region</a>, southeastern half of the <a href="/wiki/Vyso%C4%8Dina_Region" title="Vysočina Region">Vysočina Region</a> and parts of the <a href="/wiki/Moravian-Silesian_Region" title="Moravian-Silesian Region">Moravian-Silesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pardubice_Region" title="Pardubice Region">Pardubice</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Bohemian_Region" title="South Bohemian Region">South Bohemian</a> regions. </p><p>Geologically, Moravia covers a transitive area<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> between the <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Massif" title="Bohemian Massif">Bohemian Massif</a> and the Carpathians (from northwest to southeast), and between the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> basin and the <a href="/wiki/North_European_Plain" title="North European Plain">North European Plain</a> (from south to northeast). Its core geomorphological features are three wide valleys, namely the <a href="/wiki/Dyje-Svratka_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyje-Svratka Valley">Dyje-Svratka Valley</a> (<i>Dyjsko-svratecký úval</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Morava_Valley" title="Upper Morava Valley">Upper Morava Valley</a> (<i>Hornomoravský úval</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Morava_Valley" title="Lower Morava Valley">Lower Morava Valley</a> (<i>Dolnomoravský úval</i>). The first two form the westernmost part of the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Subcarpathia" title="Outer Subcarpathia">Outer Subcarpathia</a>, the last is the northernmost part of the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Basin" title="Vienna Basin">Vienna Basin</a>. The valleys surround the low range of <a href="/wiki/Central_Moravian_Carpathians" title="Central Moravian Carpathians">Central Moravian Carpathians</a>. The highest mountains of Moravia are situated on its northern border in <a href="/wiki/Hrub%C3%BD_Jesen%C3%ADk" title="Hrubý Jeseník">Hrubý Jeseník</a>, the highest peak is <a href="/wiki/Prad%C4%9Bd" title="Praděd">Praděd</a> (1491 m). Second highest is the massive of Králický Sněžník (1424  m) the third are the <a href="/wiki/Moravian-Silesian_Beskids" title="Moravian-Silesian Beskids">Moravian-Silesian Beskids</a> at the very east, with <a href="/wiki/Smrk_(Moravian-Silesian_Beskids)" title="Smrk (Moravian-Silesian Beskids)">Smrk</a> (1278 m), and then south from here <a href="/wiki/Javorn%C3%ADky" class="mw-redirect" title="Javorníky">Javorníky</a> (1072). The <a href="/wiki/White_Carpathians" title="White Carpathians">White Carpathians</a> along the southeastern border rise up to 970 m at <a href="/wiki/Velk%C3%A1_Javo%C5%99ina" title="Velká Javořina">Velká Javořina</a>. The spacious, but moderate <a href="/wiki/Bohemian-Moravian_Highlands" title="Bohemian-Moravian Highlands">Bohemian-Moravian Highlands</a> on the west reach 837 m at <a href="/wiki/Javo%C5%99ice" title="Javořice">Javořice</a>. </p><p>The fluvial system of Moravia is very cohesive, as the region border is similar to the watershed of the Morava river, and thus almost the entire area is drained exclusively by a single stream. Morava's far biggest tributaries are Thaya (Dyje) from the right (or west) and <a href="/wiki/Be%C4%8Dva" title="Bečva">Bečva</a> (east). Morava and Thaya meet at the southernmost and lowest (148 m) point of Moravia. Small peripheral parts of Moravia belong to the catchment area of <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1h" title="Váh">Váh</a> and especially <a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Oder</a> (the northeast). The watershed line running along Moravia's border from west to north and east is part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Watershed" class="mw-redirect" title="European Watershed">European Watershed</a>. For centuries, there have been plans to build a <a href="/wiki/Waterway" title="Waterway">waterway</a> across Moravia to <a href="/wiki/Danube%E2%80%93Oder_Canal" title="Danube–Oder Canal">join the Danube and Oder</a> river systems, using the natural route through the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Gate" title="Moravian Gate">Moravian Gate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-history">Pre-history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pre-history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg/110px-Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg/165px-Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg/220px-Vestonicka_venuse_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice" title="Venus of Dolní Věstonice">Venus of Dolní Věstonice</a>, the oldest surviving ceramic figurine in the world</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vestonicka_nadrz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Vestonicka_nadrz.jpg/250px-Vestonicka_nadrz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Vestonicka_nadrz.jpg/330px-Vestonicka_nadrz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Vestonicka_nadrz.jpg/500px-Vestonicka_nadrz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1630" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1lava_Protected_Landscape_Area" title="Pálava Protected Landscape Area">Pálava mountains</a> with <a href="/wiki/V%C4%9Bstonice_Reservoir" title="Věstonice Reservoir">Věstonice Reservoir</a>, area of <a href="/wiki/Palaeolithic_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeolithic art">palaeolithic</a> settlement</figcaption></figure> <p>Evidence of the presence of members of the human genus, <i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i>, dates back more than 600,000 years in the <a href="/wiki/Paleontological" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleontological">paleontological</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Str%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_sk%C3%A1la" title="Stránská skála">Stránská skála</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-anton_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anton-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Attracted by suitable living conditions, early modern humans settled in the region by the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> period. The <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99edmost%C3%AD_u_P%C5%99erova_(archaeological_site)" title="Předmostí u Přerova (archaeological site)">Předmostí archeological</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon#Předmostí" title="Cro-Magnon">Cro-magnon</a>) site in Moravia is dated to between 24,000 and 27,000 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-Velemínskáa08_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Velemínskáa08-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-preddog_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preddog-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caves in <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Karst" title="Moravian Karst">Moravian Karst</a> were used by <a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">mammoth hunters</a>. <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice" title="Venus of Dolní Věstonice">Venus of Dolní Věstonice</a>, the oldest ceramic figure in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was found in the excavation of <a href="/wiki/Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolní Věstonice (archaeology)">Dolní Věstonice</a> by <a href="/wiki/Karel_Absolon" title="Karel Absolon">Karel Absolon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2024 a new discovery was made on the outskirts of Brno, where bones of at least three mammoths were found along with other animals and human stone tools dating back 15,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bronze_Age">Bronze Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bronze Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Bronze Age, people of various cultures have settled in Moravia. Notably the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitra_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitra culture (page does not exist)">Nitra culture</a> which emerged from the tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" title="Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware culture</a> and was spread in western Slovakia (hence the name, derived from Slovak <a href="/wiki/Nitra_(river)" title="Nitra (river)">river Nitra</a>), eastern Moravia and southern Poland. The largest burial site (400 graves) of Nitra culture in Moravia was discovered in <a href="/wiki/Hole%C5%A1ov" title="Holešov">Holešov</a> in 1960's.<sup id="cite_ref-JAS-29_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAS-29-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recent discovery unearthed 2 settlements and two burial grounds (with total 130 graves) near <a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a>, one of them of the Nitra culture dating between the years 2100-1800 BC and was published in October 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This discovery adds up to other Bronze Age discoveries such as a sword found near the city of Přerov, the sword was called ‘the Excalibur of the Late Bronze Age’.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_era">Roman era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Roman era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 60 BC, the <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celtic</a> <a href="/wiki/Volcae" title="Volcae">Volcae</a> people withdrew from the region and were succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Quadi" title="Quadi">Quadi</a>. Some of the events of the <a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars" title="Marcomannic Wars">Marcomannic Wars</a> took place in Moravia in AD 169–180. After the war exposed the weakness of <a href="/wiki/Limes_Romanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Limes Romanus">Rome's northern frontier</a>, half of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">Roman legions</a> (16 out of 33) were stationed along the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>. In response to increasing numbers of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> settlers in frontier regions like <a href="/wiki/Pannonia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonia (Roman province)">Pannonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a>, Rome established two new frontier provinces on the left shore of the Danube, <a href="/wiki/Marcomannia" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannia">Marcomannia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatia</a>, including today's Moravia and western <a href="/wiki/Romans_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans in Slovakia">Slovakia</a>. </p><p>In the 2nd century AD, a <a href="/wiki/Roman_fortress_in_Moravia_(Mu%C5%A1ov)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman fortress in Moravia (Mušov)">Roman fortress</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stood on the vineyards hill known as German: <i lang="de">Burgstall</i> and <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: <i lang="cs">Hradisko</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Hillfort" title="Hillfort">hillfort</a>"), situated above the former village <a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%A1ov" title="Mušov">Mušov</a> and above today's beach resort at <a href="/wiki/Pasohl%C3%A1vky" title="Pasohlávky">Pasohlávky</a>. During the reign of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Legio_X_Gemina" title="Legio X Gemina">10th Legion</a> was assigned to control the Germanic tribes who had been defeated in the Marcomannic Wars.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927, the archeologist Gnirs, with the support of president <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk">Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk</a>, began research on the site, located 80 km from <a href="/wiki/Vindobona" title="Vindobona">Vindobona</a> and 22 km to the south of Brno. The researchers found remnants of two masonry buildings, a <i><a href="/wiki/Praetorium" title="Praetorium">praetorium</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Baths_(Bath)" title="Roman Baths (Bath)">balneum</a></i> ("bath"), including a <i><a href="/wiki/Hypocaustum" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypocaustum">hypocaustum</a></i>. The discovery of bricks with the stamp of the <a href="/wiki/Legio_X_Gemina" title="Legio X Gemina">Legio X Gemina</a> and coins from the period of the emperors <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a> facilitated dating of the locality. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Moravia">Ancient Moravia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ancient Moravia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Great_Moravia" title="Great Moravia">Great Moravia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Moravia-eng.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Moravia-eng.png/250px-Great_Moravia-eng.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Moravia-eng.png/330px-Great_Moravia-eng.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Moravia-eng.png/500px-Great_Moravia-eng.png 2x" data-file-width="1323" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption>Territory of <a href="/wiki/Great_Moravia" title="Great Moravia">Great Moravia</a> in the 9th century: area ruled by Rastislav (846–870) map marks the greatest territorial extent during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Svatopluk_I_of_Moravia" title="Svatopluk I of Moravia">Svatopluk I</a> (871–894), violet core is origin of Moravia.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%B3m_Svat%C3%A9ho_V%C3%A1clava,_Olomouc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/D%C3%B3m_Svat%C3%A9ho_V%C3%A1clava%2C_Olomouc.jpg/220px-D%C3%B3m_Svat%C3%A9ho_V%C3%A1clava%2C_Olomouc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/D%C3%B3m_Svat%C3%A9ho_V%C3%A1clava%2C_Olomouc.jpg/330px-D%C3%B3m_Svat%C3%A9ho_V%C3%A1clava%2C_Olomouc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/D%C3%B3m_Svat%C3%A9ho_V%C3%A1clava%2C_Olomouc.jpg/440px-D%C3%B3m_Svat%C3%A9ho_V%C3%A1clava%2C_Olomouc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4960" data-file-height="2567" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Wenceslas_Cathedral" title="Saint Wenceslas Cathedral">Saint Wenceslas Cathedral</a> in Olomouc, seat of <a href="/wiki/List_of_bishops_and_archbishops_of_Olomouc" class="mw-redirect" title="List of bishops and archbishops of Olomouc">bishops of Olomouc</a> since the 10th century and the current seat of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Olomouc" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Olomouc">Archbishopric of Olomouc</a>, the Metropolitan archdiocese of Moravia</figcaption></figure> <p>A variety of Germanic and major <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a> tribes crossed through Moravia during the <a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a> before Slavs established themselves in the 6th century AD. At the end of the 8th century, the Moravian Principality came into being in present-day south-eastern Moravia, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1horie" title="Záhorie">Záhorie</a> in south-western Slovakia and parts of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Austria" title="Lower Austria">Lower Austria</a>. In 833 AD, this became the state of <a href="/wiki/Great_Moravia" title="Great Moravia">Great Moravia</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Nitra" title="Principality of Nitra">Principality of Nitra</a> (present-day Slovakia). Their first king was <a href="/wiki/Mojm%C3%ADr_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojmír I">Mojmír I</a> (ruled 830–846). <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a> invaded Moravia and replaced Mojmír I with his nephew <a href="/wiki/Rastislav_of_Moravia" title="Rastislav of Moravia">Rastiz</a> who became St. Rastislav.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St. Rastislav (846–870) tried to emancipate his land from the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian influence</a>, so he sent envoys to Rome to get missionaries to come. When Rome refused he turned to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Michael_III" title="Michael III">Byzantine emperor Michael</a>. The result was the mission of <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Saints Cyril and Methodius</a> who translated <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book" title="Liturgical book">liturgical books</a> into <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Slavonic</a>, which had lately been elevated by the Pope to the same level as Latin and Greek. Methodius became the first Moravian archbishop, the first archbishop in Slavic world, but after his death the German influence again prevailed and the disciples of Methodius were forced to flee. Great Moravia reached its greatest territorial extent in the 890s under <a href="/wiki/Svatopluk_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Svatopluk I">Svatopluk I</a>. At this time, the empire encompassed the territory of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, the western part of present <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a>), as well as <a href="/wiki/Lusatia" title="Lusatia">Lusatia</a> in present-day Germany and <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a> and the upper <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> basin in southern <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. After Svatopluk's death in 895, the Bohemian princes defected to become vassals of the East Frankish ruler <a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf of Carinthia</a>, and the Moravian state ceased to exist after being overrun by <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_invasions_of_Europe" title="Hungarian invasions of Europe">invading Magyars</a> in 907.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Union_with_Bohemia">Union with Bohemia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Union with Bohemia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Moravia" title="Margraviate of Moravia">Margraviate of Moravia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bohemia" title="Duchy of Bohemia">Duchy of Bohemia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a></div> <p>Following the defeat of the Magyars by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lechfeld" title="Battle of Lechfeld">Battle of Lechfeld</a> in 955, Otto's ally <a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Boleslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Boleslaus I</a>, the <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid" class="mw-redirect" title="Přemyslid">Přemyslid</a> ruler of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, took control over Moravia. <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I_Chrobry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolesław I Chrobry">Bolesław I Chrobry</a> of Poland annexed Moravia in 999, and ruled it until 1019,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the Přemyslid prince <a href="/wiki/Bretislaus_I_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretislaus I of Bohemia">Bretislaus</a> recaptured it. Upon his father's death in 1034, Bretislaus became the ruler of Bohemia. In 1055, he decreed that Bohemia and Moravia would be inherited together by <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a>, although he also provided that his younger sons should govern parts (quarters) of Moravia as vassals to his oldest son. </p><p>Throughout the Přemyslid era, junior princes often ruled all or part of Moravia from <a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a> or <a href="/wiki/Znojmo" title="Znojmo">Znojmo</a>, with varying degrees of autonomy from the ruler of Bohemia. Dukes of Olomouc often acted as the "right hand" of Prague dukes and kings, while Dukes of Brno and especially those of Znojmo were much more insubordinate. Moravia reached its height of autonomy in 1182, when Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I</a> elevated <a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia">Conrad II Otto of Znojmo</a> to the status of a <a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">margrave</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> immediately subject to the emperor, independent of Bohemia. This status was short-lived: in 1186, Conrad Otto was forced to obey the supreme rule of <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Bohemia">Bohemian duke</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Frederick, Duke of Bohemia">Frederick</a>. Three years later, Conrad Otto succeeded to Frederick as Duke of Bohemia and subsequently canceled his margrave title. Nevertheless, the margrave title was restored in 1197 when <a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_III_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladislaus III of Bohemia">Vladislaus III of Bohemia</a> resolved the succession dispute between him and his brother <a href="/wiki/Ottokar_I_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar I of Bohemia">Ottokar</a> by abdicating from the Bohemian throne and accepting Moravia as a vassal land of Bohemian (i.e., Prague) rulers. Vladislaus gradually established this land as <a href="/wiki/Margraviate" class="mw-redirect" title="Margraviate">Margraviate</a>, slightly administratively different from Bohemia. After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Legnica" title="Battle of Legnica">Battle of Legnica</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongols</a> carried their raids into Moravia. </p><p>The main line of the <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid" class="mw-redirect" title="Přemyslid">Přemyslid</a> dynasty became extinct in 1306, and in 1310 <a href="/wiki/John_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="John of Luxembourg">John of Luxembourg</a> became Margrave of Moravia and King of Bohemia. In 1333, he made his son <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles</a> the next Margrave of Moravia (later in 1346, Charles also became the King of Bohemia). In 1349, Charles gave Moravia to his younger brother <a href="/wiki/John_Henry,_Margrave_of_Moravia" title="John Henry, Margrave of Moravia">John Henry</a> who ruled in the margraviate until his death in 1375, after him Moravia was ruled by his oldest son <a href="/wiki/Jobst_of_Moravia" title="Jobst of Moravia">Jobst of Moravia</a> who was in 1410 elected the Holy Roman King but died in 1411 (he is buried with his father in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Thomas_(Brno)" title="Church of St. Thomas (Brno)">Church of St. Thomas in Brno</a> – the Moravian capital from which they both ruled). Moravia and Bohemia remained within the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg dynasty">Luxembourg dynasty</a> of Holy Roman kings and emperors (except during the <a href="/wiki/Hussite_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussite wars">Hussite wars</a>), until inherited by <a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert II of Habsburg">Albert II of Habsburg</a> in 1437. </p><p>After his death followed the <a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">interregnum</a> until 1453; land (as the rest of lands of the Bohemian Crown) was administered by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landfriedens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landfriedens (page does not exist)">landfriedens</a> (<i>landfrýdy</i>). The rule of young <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Posthumous" title="Ladislaus the Posthumous">Ladislaus the Posthumous</a> subsisted only less than five years and subsequently (1458) the Hussite <a href="/wiki/George_of_Pod%C4%9Bbrady" title="George of Poděbrady">George of Poděbrady</a> was elected as the king. He again reunited all Czech lands (then Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, Upper & Lower Lusatia) into one-man ruled state. In 1466, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_II" title="Pope Paul II">Pope Paul II</a> excommunicated George and forbade all Catholics (i.e. about 15% of population) from continuing to serve him. The Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">crusade</a> followed and in 1469 <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus" title="Matthias Corvinus">Matthias Corvinus</a> conquered Moravia and proclaimed himself (with assistance of rebelling <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_nobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohemian nobility">Bohemian nobility</a>) as the king of Bohemia. </p><p>The subsequent 21-year period of a divided kingdom was decisive for the rising awareness of a specific Moravian identity, distinct from that of Bohemia. Although Moravia was reunited with Bohemia in 1490 when <a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_II_of_Bohemia_and_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary">Vladislaus Jagiellon</a>, king of Bohemia, also became king of Hungary, some attachment to Moravian "freedoms" and resistance to government by Prague continued until the end of independence in 1620. In 1526, Vladislaus' son <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis II of Bohemia">Louis</a> died in battle and the Habsburg <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> was elected as his successor. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bohemia_1138%E2%80%931254.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bohemia and Moravia in the 12th century"><img alt="Bohemia and Moravia in the 12th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bohemia_1138%E2%80%931254.jpg/200px-Bohemia_1138%E2%80%931254.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bohemia_1138%E2%80%931254.jpg/300px-Bohemia_1138%E2%80%931254.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bohemia_1138%E2%80%931254.jpg/400px-Bohemia_1138%E2%80%931254.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="1561" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bohemia and Moravia in the 12th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brno_-_Kostel_sv._Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1e,_m%C3%ADstodr%C5%BEitelsk%C3%BD_pal%C3%A1c_a_alegorick%C3%A1_postava_spravedlnosti.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of St. Thomas in Brno, mausoleum of Moravian branch House of Luxembourg, rulers of Moravia; and the old governor's palace, a former Augustinian abbey"><img alt="Church of St. Thomas in Brno, mausoleum of Moravian branch House of Luxembourg, rulers of Moravia; and the old governor's palace, a former Augustinian abbey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Brno_-_Kostel_sv._Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1e%2C_m%C3%ADstodr%C5%BEitelsk%C3%BD_pal%C3%A1c_a_alegorick%C3%A1_postava_spravedlnosti.jpg/250px-Brno_-_Kostel_sv._Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1e%2C_m%C3%ADstodr%C5%BEitelsk%C3%BD_pal%C3%A1c_a_alegorick%C3%A1_postava_spravedlnosti.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Brno_-_Kostel_sv._Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1e%2C_m%C3%ADstodr%C5%BEitelsk%C3%BD_pal%C3%A1c_a_alegorick%C3%A1_postava_spravedlnosti.jpg/330px-Brno_-_Kostel_sv._Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1e%2C_m%C3%ADstodr%C5%BEitelsk%C3%BD_pal%C3%A1c_a_alegorick%C3%A1_postava_spravedlnosti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Brno_-_Kostel_sv._Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1e%2C_m%C3%ADstodr%C5%BEitelsk%C3%BD_pal%C3%A1c_a_alegorick%C3%A1_postava_spravedlnosti.jpg/500px-Brno_-_Kostel_sv._Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1e%2C_m%C3%ADstodr%C5%BEitelsk%C3%BD_pal%C3%A1c_a_alegorick%C3%A1_postava_spravedlnosti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Thomas_(Brno)" title="Church of St. Thomas (Brno)">Church of St. Thomas in Brno</a>, mausoleum of Moravian branch <a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Luxembourg</a>, rulers of Moravia; and the old governor's palace, a former Augustinian abbey</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trebic_podklasteri_bazilika_velka_apsida.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="12th century Romanesque St. Procopius Basilica in Třebíč"><img alt="12th century Romanesque St. Procopius Basilica in Třebíč" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Trebic_podklasteri_bazilika_velka_apsida.jpg/250px-Trebic_podklasteri_bazilika_velka_apsida.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Trebic_podklasteri_bazilika_velka_apsida.jpg/330px-Trebic_podklasteri_bazilika_velka_apsida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Trebic_podklasteri_bazilika_velka_apsida.jpg/500px-Trebic_podklasteri_bazilika_velka_apsida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2118" data-file-height="1845" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">12th century Romanesque <a href="/wiki/St._Procopius_Basilica_in_T%C5%99eb%C3%AD%C4%8D" title="St. Procopius Basilica in Třebíč">St. Procopius Basilica in Třebíč</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moravsk%C3%A1_orlice.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Moravian banner of arms, which first appeared in the medieval era[36][37]"><img alt="The Moravian banner of arms, which first appeared in the medieval era[36][37]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Moravsk%C3%A1_orlice.jpg/250px-Moravsk%C3%A1_orlice.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Moravsk%C3%A1_orlice.jpg/330px-Moravsk%C3%A1_orlice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Moravsk%C3%A1_orlice.jpg/500px-Moravsk%C3%A1_orlice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="661" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Moravia" title="Coat of arms of Moravia">Moravian banner of arms</a>, which first appeared in the medieval era<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habsburg_rule_(1526–1918)"><span id="Habsburg_rule_.281526.E2.80.931918.29"></span>Habsburg rule (1526–1918)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Habsburg rule (1526–1918)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Habsburg_Rule_(1526-1918)"></span> </p><p>After the death of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary_and_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia">Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia</a> in 1526, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Austria</a> was elected King of Bohemia and thus ruler of the Crown of Bohemia (including Moravia). The epoch 1526–1620 was marked by increasing animosity between Catholic Habsburg kings (emperors) and the Protestant Moravian nobility (and other Crowns') estates. Moravia,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> like Bohemia, was a Habsburg possession until the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. In 1573 the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit order">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Olomouc" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Olomouc">University of Olomouc</a> was established; this was the first university in Moravia. The establishment of a special papal seminary, Collegium Nordicum, made the University a centre of the Catholic Reformation and effort to revive Catholicism in Central and Northern Europe. The second largest group of students were from <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>. </p><p>Brno and Olomouc served as Moravia's capitals until 1641. As the only city to successfully resist the Swedish invasion, Brno become the sole capital following the capture of Olomouc. The Margraviate of Moravia had, from 1348 in Olomouc and Brno, its own <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Diet" title="Moravian Diet">Diet, or parliament</a>, <i>zemský sněm</i> (<i>Landtag</i> in German), whose deputies from 1905 onward were elected separately from the ethnically separate German and Czech constituencies. The oldest surviving theatre building in Central Europe, the <a href="/wiki/Reduta_Theatre" title="Reduta Theatre">Reduta Theatre</a>, was established in 17th-century Moravia. </p><p>From 1599 to 1711, Moravia was frequently <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_raids_on_Moravia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottoman raids on Moravia (page does not exist)">subjected to raids</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and its vassals (especially the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Tatars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1570%E2%80%931711)" title="Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)">Transylvania</a>). Overall, hundreds of thousands were enslaved whilst tens of thousands were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1740, Moravia was invaded by Prussian forces under <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a>, and Olomouc was forced to surrender on 27 December 1741. A few months later the Prussians were repelled, mainly because of their unsuccessful siege of Brno in 1742. In 1758, Olomouc was <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Olomouc" title="Siege of Olomouc">besieged by Prussians</a> again, but this time its defenders forced the Prussians to withdraw following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Domstadtl" title="Battle of Domstadtl">Battle of Domstadtl</a>. In 1777, a new Moravian bishopric was established in Brno, and the Olomouc bishopric was elevated to an archbishopric.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1782, the Margraviate of Moravia was merged with <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Silesia" title="Austrian Silesia">Austrian Silesia</a> into <i>Moravia-Silesia</i>, with Brno as its capital. Moravia became a separate crown land of Austria again in 1849,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then became part of <a href="/wiki/Cisleithania" title="Cisleithania">Cisleithanian</a> Austria-Hungary after 1867. According to Austro-Hungarian census of 1910 the proportion of Czechs in the population of Moravia at the time (2.622.000) was 71.8%, while the proportion of Germans was 27.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Growth_of_Habsburg_territories.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Habsburg Empire Crown lands: growth of the Habsburg territories and Moravia's status"><img alt="Habsburg Empire Crown lands: growth of the Habsburg territories and Moravia's status" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Growth_of_Habsburg_territories.jpg/250px-Growth_of_Habsburg_territories.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Growth_of_Habsburg_territories.jpg/330px-Growth_of_Habsburg_territories.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Growth_of_Habsburg_territories.jpg/500px-Growth_of_Habsburg_territories.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2275" data-file-height="1350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg Monarchy">Habsburg Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">Crown lands</a>: growth of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a> territories and <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Moravia" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg Moravia">Moravia's status</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Verwaltungsgliederung_der_Markgrafschaft_M%C3%A4hren_1893.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Administrative division of Moravia as crown land of Austria in 1893"><img alt="Administrative division of Moravia as crown land of Austria in 1893" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Verwaltungsgliederung_der_Markgrafschaft_M%C3%A4hren_1893.svg/250px-Verwaltungsgliederung_der_Markgrafschaft_M%C3%A4hren_1893.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Verwaltungsgliederung_der_Markgrafschaft_M%C3%A4hren_1893.svg/330px-Verwaltungsgliederung_der_Markgrafschaft_M%C3%A4hren_1893.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Verwaltungsgliederung_der_Markgrafschaft_M%C3%A4hren_1893.svg/500px-Verwaltungsgliederung_der_Markgrafschaft_M%C3%A4hren_1893.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="684" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Administrative division of Moravia as crown land of Austria in 1893</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MapMorav1906-0523.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Administrative map of Moravia and Silesia, 1906" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/MapMorav1906-0523.jpg/250px-MapMorav1906-0523.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/MapMorav1906-0523.jpg/330px-MapMorav1906-0523.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/MapMorav1906-0523.jpg/500px-MapMorav1906-0523.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13088" data-file-height="10016" /></a><figcaption>Administrative map of Moravia and Silesia, 1906</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the break-up of the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a> in 1918, Moravia became part of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>. As one of the five lands of Czechoslovakia, it had restricted autonomy. In 1928 Moravia ceased to exist as a territorial unity and was merged with <a href="/wiki/Czech_Silesia" title="Czech Silesia">Czech Silesia</a> into the Moravian-Silesian Land (yet with the natural dominance of Moravia). By the <a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a> (1938), the southwestern and northern peripheries of Moravia, which had a German-speaking majority, were annexed by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, and during the German <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia">occupation of Czechoslovakia</a> (1939–1945), the remnant of Moravia was an administrative unit within the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a>. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Germans operated multiple <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a> camps in the region, including several subcamps of the <a href="/wiki/Stalag_VIII-B" title="Stalag VIII-B">Stalag VIII-B/344</a> <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_II" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II">prisoner-of-war camp</a> for <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> POWs,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/List_of_subcamps_of_Auschwitz" title="List of subcamps of Auschwitz">subcamp</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a> for mostly <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a> prisoners,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a subcamp of the <a href="/wiki/Gross-Rosen_concentration_camp" title="Gross-Rosen concentration camp">Gross-Rosen concentration camp</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cerven%C3%A1_Voda_(%C3%9Ast%C3%AD_nad_Orlic%C3%AD_District)" title="Červená Voda (Ústí nad Orlicí District)">Bílá Voda</a> for Jewish women.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The occupiers also established several POW camps, including Heilag VIII-H, <a href="/wiki/Oflag_VIII-F" title="Oflag VIII-F">Oflag VIII-F</a> and Oflag VIII-H, for <a href="/wiki/French_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="French prisoners of war in World War II">French</a>, British, Belgian and other Allied POWs in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945 after the Allied defeat of Germany and the end of World War II, the German minority was <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Germans_from_Czechoslovakia_after_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after World War II">expelled</a> to Germany and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement" title="Potsdam Agreement">Potsdam Agreement</a>. The Moravian-Silesian Land was restored with Moravia as part of it and towns and villages that were left by the former German inhabitants, were re-settled by Czechs, <a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovaks</a> and reemigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1949 the territorial division of Czechoslovakia was radically changed, as the Moravian-Silesian Land was abolished and Lands were replaced by "<i>kraje</i>" (regions), whose borders substantially differ from the historical Bohemian-Moravian border, so Moravia politically ceased to exist after more than 1100 years (833–1949) of its history. Although another administrative reform in 1960 implemented (among others) the North Moravian and the South Moravian regions (<i>Severomoravský</i> and <i>Jihomoravský kraj</i>), with capitals in Ostrava and Brno respectively, their joint area was only roughly alike the historical state and, chiefly, there was no land or federal autonomy, unlike Slovakia. </p><p>After the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the whole <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>, the Czechoslovak <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">Federal Assembly</a> condemned the cancellation of Moravian-Silesian land and expressed "firm conviction that this injustice will be corrected" in 1990. However, after the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">breakup</a> of Czechoslovakia into <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> in 1993, Moravian area remained integral to the Czech territory, and the latest administrative division of Czech Republic (introduced in 2000) is similar to the administrative division of 1949. Nevertheless, the <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">separatist</a> movement in Moravia is completely marginal. </p><p>The centuries-lasting historical Bohemian-Moravian border has been preserved up to now only by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Roman_Catholic_dioceses_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the Roman Catholic dioceses of the Czech Republic">Czech Roman Catholic Administration</a>, as the Ecclesiastical Province of Moravia corresponds with the former Moravian-Silesian Land. The popular perception of the Bohemian-Moravian border's location is distorted by the memory of the 1960 regions (whose boundaries are still partly in use). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JanCerny.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jan Černý, president of Moravia in 1922–1926, later also Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia"><img alt="Jan Černý, president of Moravia in 1922–1926, later also Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/JanCerny.jpg/250px-JanCerny.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/JanCerny.jpg/330px-JanCerny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/JanCerny.jpg/500px-JanCerny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jan_%C4%8Cern%C3%BD" title="Jan Černý">Jan Černý</a>, president of Moravia in 1922–1926, later also Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Moravia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A general map of Moravia in the 1920s"><img alt="A general map of Moravia in the 1920s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Map_of_Moravia.jpg/200px-Map_of_Moravia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Map_of_Moravia.jpg/300px-Map_of_Moravia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Map_of_Moravia.jpg/400px-Map_of_Moravia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6406" data-file-height="4722" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A general map of Moravia in the 1920s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Czechoslovak_Republic.SVG" class="mw-file-description" title="In 1928, Moravia was merged into Moravia-Silesia, one of four lands of Czechoslovakia, together with Bohemia, Slovakia and Subcarpathian Rus."><img alt="In 1928, Moravia was merged into Moravia-Silesia, one of four lands of Czechoslovakia, together with Bohemia, Slovakia and Subcarpathian Rus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/First_Czechoslovak_Republic.SVG/250px-First_Czechoslovak_Republic.SVG.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/First_Czechoslovak_Republic.SVG/330px-First_Czechoslovak_Republic.SVG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/First_Czechoslovak_Republic.SVG/500px-First_Czechoslovak_Republic.SVG.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">In 1928, Moravia was merged into Moravia-Silesia, one of four lands of Czechoslovakia, together with Bohemia, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia#Czechoslovakia_(1918–1939)" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia#Subcarpathian_Rus'_(1928–1938)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ruthenia">Subcarpathian Rus</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An area in <a href="/wiki/South_Moravia" class="mw-redirect" title="South Moravia">South Moravia</a>, around <a href="/wiki/Hodon%C3%ADn" title="Hodonín">Hodonín</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C5%99eclav" title="Břeclav">Břeclav</a>, is part of the <a href="/wiki/Viennese_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Viennese Basin">Viennese Basin</a>. Petroleum and <a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">lignite</a> are found there in abundance. The main economic centres of Moravia are <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn" title="Zlín">Zlín</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ostrava" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a> lying directly on the Moravian–Silesian border. As well as agriculture in general, Moravia is noted for its <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a>; it contains 94% of the Czech Republic's <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyards</a> and is at the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Czech_wine" title="Czech wine">country's wine industry</a>. <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Wallachia" title="Moravian Wallachia">Wallachia</a> has at least a 400-year-old tradition of <a href="/wiki/Slivovitz" title="Slivovitz">slivovitz</a> making.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Czech automotive industry also played a significant role in Moravia's economy in the 20th century; the factories of <a href="/wiki/Wikov" title="Wikov">Wikov</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prost%C4%9Bjov" title="Prostějov">Prostějov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tatra_(company)" title="Tatra (company)">Tatra</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kop%C5%99ivnice" title="Kopřivnice">Kopřivnice</a> produced many automobiles. </p><p>Moravia is also the centre of the Czech firearm industry, as the vast majority of Czech firearms manufacturers (e.g. <a href="/wiki/CZUB" class="mw-redirect" title="CZUB">CZUB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zbrojovka_Brno" title="Zbrojovka Brno">Zbrojovka Brno</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Czech_Small_Arms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czech Small Arms (page does not exist)">Czech Small Arms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Weapons">Czech Weapons</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ZVI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZVI (page does not exist)">ZVI</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Gun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Gun (page does not exist)">Great Gun</a>) are found in Moravia. Almost all the well-known Czech sporting, self-defence, military, and hunting firearms are made in Moravia. <a href="/wiki/Meopta" title="Meopta">Meopta</a> rifle scopes are of Moravian origin. The <a href="/wiki/Bren_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Bren gun">original Bren gun</a> was conceived here, as were the assault rifles the <a href="/wiki/CZ-805_BREN" class="mw-redirect" title="CZ-805 BREN">CZ-805 BREN</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vz_58" class="mw-redirect" title="Vz 58">Sa vz. 58</a>, and the handguns <a href="/wiki/CZ_75" title="CZ 75">CZ 75</a> and <a href="/wiki/ZVI_Kevin" class="mw-redirect" title="ZVI Kevin">ZVI Kevin</a> (also known as the "Micro <a href="/wiki/Desert_Eagle" title="Desert Eagle">Desert Eagle</a>"). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_Region" title="Zlín Region">Zlín Region</a> hosts several aircraft manufacturers, namely <a href="/wiki/Let_Kunovice" class="mw-redirect" title="Let Kunovice">Let Kunovice</a> (also known as Aircraft Industries, a.s.), <a href="/wiki/Moravan" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravan">ZLIN AIRCRAFT a.s. Otrokovice</a> (formerly known under the name <a href="/wiki/Moravan" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravan">Moravan</a> Otrokovice), <a href="/wiki/Evektor-Aerotechnik" title="Evektor-Aerotechnik">Evektor-Aerotechnik</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Czech_Sport_Aircraft" title="Czech Sport Aircraft">Czech Sport Aircraft</a>. Sport aircraft are also manufactured in <a href="/wiki/Jihlava" title="Jihlava">Jihlava</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jihlavan_Airplanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihlavan Airplanes">Jihlavan Airplanes</a>/<a href="/wiki/Skyleader" title="Skyleader">Skyleader</a>. </p><p>Aircraft production in the region started in the 1930s; after a period of low production post-1989, there have been signs of recovery post-2010, and production is expected to grow from 2013 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Companies with operations in Brno include <a href="/wiki/Gen_Digital" title="Gen Digital">Gen Digital</a>, which maintains one of its headquarters there and continues to use the brand <a href="/wiki/AVG_Technologies" title="AVG Technologies">AVG Technologies</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Kyndryl" title="Kyndryl">Kyndryl</a> (Client Innovation Centre),<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a> (Global Design Center).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other significant companies include <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a> (Czech headquarters),<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an office of <a href="/wiki/Zebra_Technologies" title="Zebra Technologies">Zebra Technologies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, Brno's economy has seen growth in the quaternary sector, focusing on science, research, and education. Notable projects include AdMaS (Advanced Materials, Structures, and Technologies) and CETOCOEN (Center for Research on Toxic Substances in the Environment).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tatra_77.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Tatra 77 (1934)"><img alt="The Tatra 77 (1934)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tatra_77.jpg/250px-Tatra_77.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tatra_77.jpg/330px-Tatra_77.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tatra_77.jpg/500px-Tatra_77.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="385" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Tatra_77" title="Tatra 77">Tatra 77</a> (1934)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sportovn%C3%AD_v%C5%AFz_Supersport.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="WIKOV Supersport (1931)"><img alt="WIKOV Supersport (1931)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sportovn%C3%AD_v%C5%AFz_Supersport.gif/250px-Sportovn%C3%AD_v%C5%AFz_Supersport.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sportovn%C3%AD_v%C5%AFz_Supersport.gif/330px-Sportovn%C3%AD_v%C5%AFz_Supersport.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sportovn%C3%AD_v%C5%AFz_Supersport.gif/500px-Sportovn%C3%AD_v%C5%AFz_Supersport.gif 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="598" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">WIKOV Supersport (1931)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Thonet_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thonet No. 14 chair"><img alt="Thonet No. 14 chair" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Michael_Thonet_14.jpg/250px-Michael_Thonet_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Michael_Thonet_14.jpg/330px-Michael_Thonet_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thonet <a href="/wiki/No._14_chair" title="No. 14 chair">No. 14 chair</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M_290.002_Slovensk%C3%A1_strela,_%C5%BDleby_zast%C3%A1vka_%E2%80%93_%C5%BDleby_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The speed train Tatra M 290.0 Slovenská strela 1936"><img alt="The speed train Tatra M 290.0 Slovenská strela 1936" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/M_290.002_Slovensk%C3%A1_strela%2C_%C5%BDleby_zast%C3%A1vka_%E2%80%93_%C5%BDleby_02.jpg/250px-M_290.002_Slovensk%C3%A1_strela%2C_%C5%BDleby_zast%C3%A1vka_%E2%80%93_%C5%BDleby_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/M_290.002_Slovensk%C3%A1_strela%2C_%C5%BDleby_zast%C3%A1vka_%E2%80%93_%C5%BDleby_02.jpg/330px-M_290.002_Slovensk%C3%A1_strela%2C_%C5%BDleby_zast%C3%A1vka_%E2%80%93_%C5%BDleby_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/M_290.002_Slovensk%C3%A1_strela%2C_%C5%BDleby_zast%C3%A1vka_%E2%80%93_%C5%BDleby_02.jpg/500px-M_290.002_Slovensk%C3%A1_strela%2C_%C5%BDleby_zast%C3%A1vka_%E2%80%93_%C5%BDleby_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5424" data-file-height="3616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The speed train Tatra <a href="/wiki/%C4%8CSD_Class_M_290.0" title="ČSD Class M 290.0">M 290.0 Slovenská strela</a> 1936</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zlin_XIII_OK-TBZ_(8190833921).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zlín XIII aircraft on display at the National Technical Museum in Prague"><img alt="Zlín XIII aircraft on display at the National Technical Museum in Prague" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Zlin_XIII_OK-TBZ_%288190833921%29.jpg/250px-Zlin_XIII_OK-TBZ_%288190833921%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Zlin_XIII_OK-TBZ_%288190833921%29.jpg/330px-Zlin_XIII_OK-TBZ_%288190833921%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Zlin_XIII_OK-TBZ_%288190833921%29.jpg/500px-Zlin_XIII_OK-TBZ_%288190833921%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2859" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_XIII" title="Zlín XIII">Zlín XIII</a> aircraft on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Technical_Museum_(Prague)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Technical Museum (Prague)">National Technical Museum</a> in Prague</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zetor_25A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zetor 25A tractor"><img alt="Zetor 25A tractor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Zetor_25A.jpg/250px-Zetor_25A.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Zetor_25A.jpg/330px-Zetor_25A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Zetor_25A.jpg/500px-Zetor_25A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Zetor 25A tractor</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Electron_microscope_Mamut_at_the_Institute_of_Scientific_Instruments_of_the_Czech_Academy_of_Science_in_Brno_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Electron microscope Brno"><img alt="Electron microscope Brno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Electron_microscope_Mamut_at_the_Institute_of_Scientific_Instruments_of_the_Czech_Academy_of_Science_in_Brno_%284%29.jpg/250px-Electron_microscope_Mamut_at_the_Institute_of_Scientific_Instruments_of_the_Czech_Academy_of_Science_in_Brno_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Electron_microscope_Mamut_at_the_Institute_of_Scientific_Instruments_of_the_Czech_Academy_of_Science_in_Brno_%284%29.jpg/330px-Electron_microscope_Mamut_at_the_Institute_of_Scientific_Instruments_of_the_Czech_Academy_of_Science_in_Brno_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3994" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Electron microscope Brno</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LET_L-410NG_OK-NGA_ILA_Berlin_2016_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aeroplane L 410 NG by Let Kunovice"><img alt="Aeroplane L 410 NG by Let Kunovice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/LET_L-410NG_OK-NGA_ILA_Berlin_2016_09.jpg/250px-LET_L-410NG_OK-NGA_ILA_Berlin_2016_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/LET_L-410NG_OK-NGA_ILA_Berlin_2016_09.jpg/330px-LET_L-410NG_OK-NGA_ILA_Berlin_2016_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/LET_L-410NG_OK-NGA_ILA_Berlin_2016_09.jpg/500px-LET_L-410NG_OK-NGA_ILA_Berlin_2016_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aeroplane L 410 NG by <a href="/wiki/Let_Kunovice" class="mw-redirect" title="Let Kunovice">Let Kunovice</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rifle_scope.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Precise rifle scope by MeOpta"><img alt="Precise rifle scope by MeOpta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rifle_scope.jpg/200px-Rifle_scope.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rifle_scope.jpg/300px-Rifle_scope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rifle_scope.jpg/400px-Rifle_scope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1523" data-file-height="1391" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Precise rifle scope by MeOpta</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CZ_BREN_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The (modern) BREN gun M 2 11"><img alt="The (modern) BREN gun M 2 11" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/CZ_BREN_2.jpg/200px-CZ_BREN_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/CZ_BREN_2.jpg/300px-CZ_BREN_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/CZ_BREN_2.jpg/400px-CZ_BREN_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4018" data-file-height="1828" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The (modern) BREN gun M 2 11</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Czech_Raildays_2012,_Evo2_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The modern EVO 2 tram"><img alt="The modern EVO 2 tram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Czech_Raildays_2012%2C_Evo2_%2801%29.jpg/250px-Czech_Raildays_2012%2C_Evo2_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Czech_Raildays_2012%2C_Evo2_%2801%29.jpg/330px-Czech_Raildays_2012%2C_Evo2_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Czech_Raildays_2012%2C_Evo2_%2801%29.jpg/500px-Czech_Raildays_2012%2C_Evo2_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The modern EVO 2 tram</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Czech_Raildays_2012,_%C4%8CD_Bfhpvee295,_80-30_020-9_(03).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diesel railway coach class Bfhpvee295"><img alt="Diesel railway coach class Bfhpvee295" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Czech_Raildays_2012%2C_%C4%8CD_Bfhpvee295%2C_80-30_020-9_%2803%29.jpg/250px-Czech_Raildays_2012%2C_%C4%8CD_Bfhpvee295%2C_80-30_020-9_%2803%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Czech_Raildays_2012%2C_%C4%8CD_Bfhpvee295%2C_80-30_020-9_%2803%29.jpg/330px-Czech_Raildays_2012%2C_%C4%8CD_Bfhpvee295%2C_80-30_020-9_%2803%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Czech_Raildays_2012%2C_%C4%8CD_Bfhpvee295%2C_80-30_020-9_%2803%29.jpg/500px-Czech_Raildays_2012%2C_%C4%8CD_Bfhpvee295%2C_80-30_020-9_%2803%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diesel railway coach class Bfhpvee295</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Machinery_industry">Machinery industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Machinery industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The machinery industry has been the most important industrial sector in the region, especially in <a href="/wiki/South_Moravia" class="mw-redirect" title="South Moravia">South Moravia</a>, for many decades. The main centres of machinery production are Brno (<a href="/wiki/Zbrojovka_Brno" title="Zbrojovka Brno">Zbrojovka Brno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zetor" title="Zetor">Zetor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prvn%C3%AD_brn%C4%9Bnsk%C3%A1_stroj%C3%ADrna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="První brněnská strojírna (page does not exist)">První brněnská strojírna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>), <a href="/wiki/Blansko" title="Blansko">Blansko</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8CKD_Blansko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ČKD Blansko (page does not exist)">ČKD Blansko</a>, Metra), <a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%99im" title="Kuřim">Kuřim</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=TOS_Ku%C5%99im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TOS Kuřim (page does not exist)">TOS Kuřim</a>), <a href="/wiki/Boskovice" title="Boskovice">Boskovice</a> (Minerva, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Novibra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novibra (page does not exist)">Novibra</a>) and <a href="/wiki/B%C5%99eclav" title="Břeclav">Břeclav</a> (<a href="/wiki/Otis_Elevator_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Otis Elevator Company">Otis Elevator Company</a>). A number of other, smaller machinery and machine parts factories, companies, and workshops are spread over Moravia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electrical_industry">Electrical industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Electrical industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The beginnings of the electrical industry in Moravia date back to 1918. The biggest centres of electrical production are Brno (<a href="/w/index.php?title=VUES&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VUES (page does not exist)">VUES</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ZPA_Brno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZPA Brno (page does not exist)">ZPA Brno</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=EM_Brno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EM Brno (page does not exist)">EM Brno</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A1sov_(Brno-Country_District)" title="Drásov (Brno-Country District)">Drásov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fren%C5%A1t%C3%A1t_pod_Radho%C5%A1t%C4%9Bm" title="Frenštát pod Radhoštěm">Frenštát pod Radhoštěm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mohelnice" title="Mohelnice">Mohelnice</a> (currently Siemens). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cities_and_towns">Cities and towns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cities and towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities">Cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a> (401,000 inhabitants) former land capital and nowadays capital of <a href="/wiki/South_Moravian_Region" title="South Moravian Region">South Moravian Region</a>; industrial, judicial, educational and research centre; railway and motorway junction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrava" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a> (285,000; central part, <a href="/wiki/Moravsk%C3%A1_Ostrava" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravská Ostrava">Moravská Ostrava</a>, lies historically in Moravia, most of the outskirts are in <a href="/wiki/Czech_Silesia" title="Czech Silesia">Czech Silesia</a>), capital of <a href="/wiki/Moravian-Silesian_Region" title="Moravian-Silesian Region">Moravian-Silesian Region</a>, centre of heavy industry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a> (102,000), capital of <a href="/wiki/Olomouc_Region" title="Olomouc Region">Olomouc Region</a>, medieval land capital, seat of Roman Catholic archbishop, cultural centre of <a href="/wiki/Han%C3%A1" title="Haná">Hanakia</a> and Central Moravia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn" title="Zlín">Zlín</a> (74,000), capital of <a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_Region" title="Zlín Region">Zlín Region</a>, modern city developed after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Bata_Shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bata Shoes">Bata Shoes</a> company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihlava" title="Jihlava">Jihlava</a> (54,000; mostly in Moravia, northwestern periphery lies in Bohemia), capital of <a href="/wiki/Vyso%C4%8Dina_Region" title="Vysočina Region">Vysočina Region</a>, centre of the <a href="/wiki/Bohemian-Moravian_Highlands" title="Bohemian-Moravian Highlands">Bohemian-Moravian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%BDdek-M%C3%ADstek" title="Frýdek-Místek">Frýdek-Místek</a> (54,000), twin-city lying directly on the old Moravian-Silesian border (the western part, Místek, is Moravian), in the industrial area around Ostrava</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prost%C4%9Bjov" title="Prostějov">Prostějov</a> (44,000), former centre of clothing and fashion industry, birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99erov" title="Přerov">Přerov</a> (42,000), important railway hub and archeological site (<a href="/wiki/P%C5%99edmost%C3%AD_u_P%C5%99erova_(archaeological_site)" title="Předmostí u Přerova (archaeological site)">Předmostí</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Towns">Towns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%99eb%C3%AD%C4%8D" title="Třebíč">Třebíč</a> (35,000), located in the Highlands, with exceptionally preserved Jewish quarter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Znojmo" title="Znojmo">Znojmo</a> (34,000), historical and cultural centre of southwestern Moravia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krom%C4%9B%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BE" title="Kroměříž">Kroměříž</a> (28,000), historical town in southern Hanakia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vset%C3%ADn" title="Vsetín">Vsetín</a> (25,000), centre of the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Wallachia" title="Moravian Wallachia">Moravian Wallachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0umperk" title="Šumperk">Šumperk</a> (25,000), centre of the north of Moravia, at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Hrub%C3%BD_Jesen%C3%ADk" title="Hrubý Jeseník">Hrubý Jeseník</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhersk%C3%A9_Hradi%C5%A1t%C4%9B" title="Uherské Hradiště">Uherské Hradiště</a> (25,000), cultural centre of the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Slovakia" title="Moravian Slovakia">Moravian Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C5%99eclav" title="Břeclav">Břeclav</a> (25,000), important railway hub in the very south of Moravia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodon%C3%ADn" title="Hodonín">Hodonín</a> (24,000), another town in the Moravian Slovakia, the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk">Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nov%C3%BD_Ji%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Nový Jičín">Nový Jičín</a> (23,000), historical town with hatting industry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vala%C5%A1sk%C3%A9_Mezi%C5%99%C3%AD%C4%8D%C3%AD" title="Valašské Meziříčí">Valašské Meziříčí</a> (23,000), centre of chemical industry in <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Wallachia" title="Moravian Wallachia">Moravian Wallachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kop%C5%99ivnice" title="Kopřivnice">Kopřivnice</a> (22,000), centre of automotive industry (<a href="/wiki/Tatra_(company)" title="Tatra (company)">Tatra</a>), south from Ostrava</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BD%C4%8F%C3%A1r_nad_S%C3%A1zavou" title="Žďár nad Sázavou">Žďár nad Sázavou</a> (21,000), industrial town in the Highlands, near the border with Bohemia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C5%A1kov" title="Vyškov">Vyškov</a> (20,000), local centre at a motorway junction halfway between Brno and Olomouc</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blansko" title="Blansko">Blansko</a> (20,000), industrial town north from Brno, at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Karst" title="Moravian Karst">Moravian Karst</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Moravians_(ethnic_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravians (ethnic group)">Moravians (ethnic group)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moravska_narodnost_1991.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Moravska_narodnost_1991.PNG/250px-Moravska_narodnost_1991.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Moravska_narodnost_1991.PNG/330px-Moravska_narodnost_1991.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Moravska_narodnost_1991.PNG/500px-Moravska_narodnost_1991.PNG 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption>Moravian nationality, as declared by people in the 1991 census</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moravian_Slovak_Costumes_during_Jizda_Kralu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Moravian_Slovak_Costumes_during_Jizda_Kralu.jpg/250px-Moravian_Slovak_Costumes_during_Jizda_Kralu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Moravian_Slovak_Costumes_during_Jizda_Kralu.jpg/330px-Moravian_Slovak_Costumes_during_Jizda_Kralu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Moravian_Slovak_Costumes_during_Jizda_Kralu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Moravian Slovak costumes (worn by men and women) during the <i>Jízda králů</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Ride_of_the_Kings" title="Ride of the Kings">Ride of the Kings</a>") Festival held annually in the village of Vlčnov (southeastern Moravia)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Moravians are generally a Slavic ethnic group who speak various (generally more archaic) dialects of <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>. Before the expulsion of <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> from Moravia the Moravian German minority also referred to themselves as "Moravians" (<i>Mährer</i>). Those expelled and their descendants continue to identify as Moravian. <sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Moravians assert that <a href="/wiki/Moravian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian language">Moravian</a> is a language distinct from <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>; however, their position is not widely supported by academics and the public.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Moravians identify as an ethnically distinct group; the majority consider themselves to be ethnically Czech. In the census of 1991 (the first census in history in which respondents were allowed to claim Moravian nationality), 1,362,000 (13.2%) of the Czech population identified as being of Moravian nationality (or ethnicity). In some parts of Moravia (mostly in the centre and south), majority of the population identified as Moravians, rather than Czechs. In the census of 2001, the number of Moravians had decreased to 380,000 (3.7% of the country's population).<sup id="cite_ref-KaplanBaldauf2005_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaplanBaldauf2005-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the census of 2011, this number rose to 522,474 (4.9% of the Czech population).<sup id="cite_ref-Tesser2013_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tesser2013-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Inc2013_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inc2013-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moravia historically had a large minority of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Germans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Germans">ethnic Germans</a>, some of whom had arrived as early as the 13th century at the behest of the <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">Přemyslid dynasty</a>. Germans continued to come to Moravia in waves, culminating in the 18th century. They lived in the main city centres and in the countryside along the border with Austria (stretching up to Brno) and along the border with Silesia at Jeseníky, and also in two <a href="/wiki/Language_island" title="Language island">language islands</a>, around Jihlava and around <a href="/wiki/Moravsk%C3%A1_T%C5%99ebov%C3%A1" title="Moravská Třebová">Moravská Třebová</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Czechoslovak government almost fully <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Germans_from_Czechoslovakia" title="Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia">expelled</a> them in retaliation for their support of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s invasion and dismemberment of Czechoslovakia (1938–1939) and subsequent <a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a> (1938–1945) towards the Czech, Moravian, and Jewish populations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moravians">Moravians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Moravians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johan_amos_comenius_1592-1671.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Johan_amos_comenius_1592-1671.jpg/250px-Johan_amos_comenius_1592-1671.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Johan_amos_comenius_1592-1671.jpg/330px-Johan_amos_comenius_1592-1671.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Johan_amos_comenius_1592-1671.jpg/340px-Johan_amos_comenius_1592-1671.jpg 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>John Amos Comenius</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG/250px-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG/330px-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG/500px-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption>Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk</figcaption></figure> <p>Notable people from Moravia include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Moravia" title="List of people from Moravia">List of people from Moravia</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Pilgram" title="Anton Pilgram">Anton Pilgram</a> (1450–1516), architect, sculptor and woodcarver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_%C3%81mos_Komensk%C3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Ámos Komenský">Jan Ámos Komenský</a> (Comenius) (1592–1670), educator and theologian, last bishop of <a href="/wiki/Unity_of_the_Brethren_(Czech_Republic)" title="Unity of the Brethren (Czech Republic)">Unity of the Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Joseph_Kamel" title="Georg Joseph Kamel">Georg Joseph Camellus</a> (1661–1706), <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> missionary to the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, pharmacist and botanist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Zeisberger" title="David Zeisberger">David Zeisberger</a> (1717–1807) <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian</a> missionary to the <a href="/wiki/Leni_Lenape" class="mw-redirect" title="Leni Lenape">Leni Lenape</a>, "Apostle to the Indians"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Prochaska" title="Georg Prochaska">Georgius Prochaska</a> (1749–1820), ophthalmologist and physiologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD" title="František Palacký">František Palacký</a> (1798–1876), historian and politician, "The Father of the <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech nation</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Mendel" title="Gregor Mendel">Gregor Mendel</a> (1822–1884), founder of <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mach" title="Ernst Mach">Ernst Mach</a> (1838–1916), physicist and philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk">Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk</a> (1850–1937), philosopher and politician, first president of Czechoslovakia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Leoš Janáček</a> (1854–1928), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> (1856–1939), founder of <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a> (1859–1938), philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfons_Mucha" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfons Mucha">Alfons Mucha</a> (1860–1939), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zde%C5%88ka_Wiedermannov%C3%A1-Moty%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1" title="Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčková">Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčková</a> (1868–1915), women's rights activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Adolf Loos</a> (1870–1933), architect, pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">functionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Renner" title="Karl Renner">Karl Renner</a> (1870–1950), Austrian statesman, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Nature" title="Friends of Nature">Friends of Nature</a> movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Ba%C5%A5a" title="Tomáš Baťa">Tomáš Baťa</a> (1876–1932), entrepreneur, founder of <a href="/wiki/Bata_Shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bata Shoes">Bata Shoes</a> company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a> (1883–1950), economist and political scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Jeritza" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Jeritza">Marie Jeritza</a> (1887–1982), soprano singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(SS_general)" title="Hans Krebs (SS general)">Hans Krebs</a> (1888–1947), Nazi SS <i>Brigadeführer</i> executed for treason</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda" title="Ludvík Svoboda">Ludvík Svoboda</a> (1895–1979), general of <a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(Czechoslovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="I Corps (Czechoslovakia)">I Czechoslovak Army Corps</a>, seventh president of Czechoslovakia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klement_Gottwald" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a> (1896–1953), first Czechoslovak <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> president</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Wolfgang_Korngold" title="Erich Wolfgang Korngold">Erich Wolfgang Korngold</a> (1897–1957), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Placzek" title="George Placzek">George Placzek</a> (1905–1955), physicist, participant in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Kurt Gödel</a> (1906–1978), theoretical mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Schindler" title="Oskar Schindler">Oskar Schindler</a> (1908–1974), <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> entrepreneur, saviour of almost 1,200 Jews during the WWII</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Kubi%C5%A1" title="Jan Kubiš">Jan Kubiš</a> (1913–1942), paratrooper who assassinated Nazi <a href="/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism">despot</a> <a href="/wiki/Reinhardt_Heydrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Reinhardt Heydrich">R. Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohumil_Hrabal" title="Bohumil Hrabal">Bohumil Hrabal</a> (1914–1997), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Bata" title="Thomas J. Bata">Thomas J. Bata</a> (1914–2008), entrepreneur, son of Tomáš Baťa and former head of the Bata shoe company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Z%C3%A1topek" title="Emil Zátopek">Emil Zátopek</a> (1922–2000), long-distance runner, <a href="/wiki/List_of_multiple_Olympic_gold_medalists" title="List of multiple Olympic gold medalists">multiple Olympic gold medalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Reisz" title="Karel Reisz">Karel Reisz</a> (1926–2002), filmmaker, pioneer of the British <a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a> movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Kundera" title="Milan Kundera">Milan Kundera</a> (1929–2023), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Nedomansk%C3%BD" title="Václav Nedomanský">Václav Nedomanský</a> (born 1944), <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Kryl" title="Karel Kryl">Karel Kryl</a> (1944–1994), poet and protest singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Loprais" title="Karel Loprais">Karel Loprais</a> (1949–2021), truck race driver, multiple winner of the <a href="/wiki/Dakar_Rally" title="Dakar Rally">Dakar Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivana_Trump" title="Ivana Trump">Ivana Trump</a> (1949–2022), socialite and business magnate, former wife of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Lendl" title="Ivan Lendl">Ivan Lendl</a> (born 1959), <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a> player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petr_Ne%C4%8Das" title="Petr Nečas">Petr Nečas</a> (born 1964), politician, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Prime Minister</a> 2010–2013</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Porizkova" title="Paulina Porizkova">Paulina Porizkova</a> (born 1965), model, actress, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jana_Novotn%C3%A1" title="Jana Novotná">Jana Novotná</a> (1968–2017), tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_%C5%A0l%C3%A9gr" title="Jiří Šlégr">Jiří Šlégr</a> (born 1971), <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> player, member of the <a href="/wiki/Triple_Gold_Club" title="Triple Gold Club">Triple Gold Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohuslav_Sobotka" title="Bohuslav Sobotka">Bohuslav Sobotka</a> (born 1971), <a href="/wiki/Social-democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Social-democracy">social-democratic</a> politician, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Prime Minister</a> 2014–2017</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Ko%C5%BEen%C3%A1" title="Magdalena Kožená">Magdalena Kožená</a> (born 1973), mezzo-soprano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark%C3%A9ta_Irglov%C3%A1" title="Markéta Irglová">Markéta Irglová</a> (born 1988), singer-songwriter, <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> winner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petra_Kvitov%C3%A1" title="Petra Kvitová">Petra Kvitová</a> (born 1990), tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Ondra" title="Adam Ondra">Adam Ondra</a> (born 1993), <a href="/wiki/Rock_climber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock climber">rock climber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbora_Krej%C4%8D%C3%ADkov%C3%A1" title="Barbora Krejčíková">Barbora Krejčíková</a> (born 1996), tennis player</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnographic_regions">Ethnographic regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ethnographic regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moravia can be divided on dialectal and lore basis into several ethnographic regions of comparable significance. In this sense, it is more heterogenous than Bohemia. Significant parts of Moravia, usually those formerly inhabited by the German speakers, are dialectally indifferent, as they have been resettled by people from various Czech (and Slovak) regions. </p><p>The principal cultural regions of Moravia are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han%C3%A1" title="Haná">Hanakia</a> (<i>Haná</i>) in the central and northern part</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lachia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lachia (page does not exist)">Lachia</a> (<i>Lašsko</i>) in the northeastern tip</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor%C3%A1cko" title="Horácko">Highlands</a> (<i>Horácko</i>) in the west</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Slovakia" title="Moravian Slovakia">Moravian Slovakia</a> (<i>Slovácko</i>) in the southeast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Wallachia" title="Moravian Wallachia">Moravian Wallachia</a> (<i>Valašsko</i>) in the east</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Places of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:588_56_Tel%C4%8D,_Czech_Republic_-_panoramio_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/588_56_Tel%C4%8D%2C_Czech_Republic_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/250px-588_56_Tel%C4%8D%2C_Czech_Republic_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/588_56_Tel%C4%8D%2C_Czech_Republic_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/330px-588_56_Tel%C4%8D%2C_Czech_Republic_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/588_56_Tel%C4%8D%2C_Czech_Republic_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/500px-588_56_Tel%C4%8D%2C_Czech_Republic_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Tel%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic Centre of Telč">Historic Centre of Telč</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Punkevn%C3%AD_jeskyn%C4%9B12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Punkevn%C3%AD_jeskyn%C4%9B12.jpg/250px-Punkevn%C3%AD_jeskyn%C4%9B12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Punkevn%C3%AD_jeskyn%C4%9B12.jpg/330px-Punkevn%C3%AD_jeskyn%C4%9B12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Punkevn%C3%AD_jeskyn%C4%9B12.jpg/500px-Punkevn%C3%AD_jeskyn%C4%9B12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Punkevní Cave in the Moravian Karst</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Heritage_Sites">World Heritage Sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: World Heritage Sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_and_Castle_at_Krom%C4%9B%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardens and Castle at Kroměříž">Gardens and Castle at Kroměříž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Tel%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic Centre of Telč">Historic Centre of Telč</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Column_in_Olomouc" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc">Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_and_St_Procopius%27_Basilica_in_T%C5%99eb%C3%AD%C4%8D" title="Jewish Quarter and St Procopius' Basilica in Třebíč">Jewish Quarter and St Procopius' Basilica in Třebíč</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lednice-Valtice_Cultural_Landscape" class="mw-redirect" title="Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape">Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_Church_of_St_John_of_Nepomuk_at_Zelen%C3%A1_Hora" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrimage Church of St John of Nepomuk at Zelená Hora">Pilgrimage Church of St John of Nepomuk at Zelená Hora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugendhat_Villa_in_Brno" class="mw-redirect" title="Tugendhat Villa in Brno">Tugendhat Villa in Brno</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hranice_Abyss" title="Hranice Abyss">Hranice Abyss</a>, the deepest known underwater cave in the world</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Moravia" title="Extreme points of Moravia">Extreme points of Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Moravia" title="Flag of Moravia">Flag of Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_South_Moravia" title="German South Moravia">German South Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_traditional_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian traditional music">Moravian traditional music</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">mə-<span style="font-size:90%">RAY</span>-vee-ə</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">morr-<span style="font-size:90%">AY</span>-</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span>-,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">mor-<span style="font-size:90%">AY</span>-, moh-<span style="font-size:90%">RAY</span>-</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including <a href="/wiki/Moravian_enclaves_in_Silesia" title="Moravian enclaves in Silesia">Moravian enclaves in Silesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Royal Frankish Annals</i> (year 822), pp. 111–112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorava" class="citation web cs1">Morava, Iniciativa Naša. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasamorava.eu/fakta-o-morave.html">"Fakta o Moravě – Naša Morava"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fakta+o+Morav%C4%9B+%E2%80%93+Na%C5%A1a+Morava&rft.aulast=Morava&rft.aufirst=Iniciativa+Na%C5%A1a&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasamorava.eu%2Ffakta-o-morave.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBowlus2009" class="citation journal cs1">Bowlus, Charles R. (2009). "Nitra: when did it become a part of the Moravian realm? 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+dog+found+with+mammoth+bone+in+mouth&rft.pub=Discovery+News&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft.aulast=Viegas&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.discovery.com%2Fanimals%2Fpaleolithic-dogs-111007.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/jan/24/ice-age-art-british-museum?INTCMP=SRCH">Jonathan Jones: Carl Andre on notoriety and a 26,000-year-old portrait – the week in art. <i>The Guardian</i> 25 January 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.donsmaps.com/dolnivi.html">"Dolni Vestonice and Pavlov sites"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolni+Vestonice+and+Pavlov+sites&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.donsmaps.com%2Fdolnivi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.com/article/oldest-homes-were-made-of-mammoth-bone-xtc95gcg6vx">Oldest homes were made of mammoth bone. <i>The Times</i> 29.8.2005</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.radio.cz/skeletal-remains-three-mammoths-discovered-brno-city-centre-8834259">"Skeletal remains of three mammoths discovered in Brno city centre"</a>. <i>Radio Prague International</i>. 11 November 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Prague+International&rft.atitle=Skeletal+remains+of+three+mammoths+discovered+in+Brno+city+centre&rft.date=2024-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.radio.cz%2Fskeletal-remains-three-mammoths-discovered-brno-city-centre-8834259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JAS-29-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JAS-29_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaňákováBátoraNosek2020" class="citation journal cs1">Kaňáková, Ludmila; Bátora, Jozef; Nosek, Vojtěch (February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102126">"Use-wear and ballistic analysis of arrowheads from the burial ground of Nitra culture in Holešov–Zdražilovska, Moravia"</a>. <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>29</b>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020JArSR..29j2126K">2020JArSR..29j2126K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jasrep.2019.102126">10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102126</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=Use-wear+and+ballistic+analysis+of+arrowheads+from+the+burial+ground+of+Nitra+culture+in+Hole%C5%A1ov%E2%80%93Zdra%C5%BEilovska%2C+Moravia&rft.volume=29&rft.date=2020-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jasrep.2019.102126&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020JArSR..29j2126K&rft.aulast=Ka%C5%88%C3%A1kov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Ludmila&rft.au=B%C3%A1tora%2C+Jozef&rft.au=Nosek%2C+Vojt%C4%9Bch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.jasrep.2019.102126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.radio.cz/archaeologists-discover-unique-early-bronze-age-burial-site-near-olomouc-8832356">"Archaeologists discover unique Early Bronze Age burial site near Olomouc"</a>. <i>Radio Prague International</i>. 21 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Prague+International&rft.atitle=Archaeologists+discover+unique+Early+Bronze+Age+burial+site+near+Olomouc&rft.date=2024-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.radio.cz%2Farchaeologists-discover-unique-early-bronze-age-burial-site-near-olomouc-8832356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.radio.cz/moravias-excalibur-bronze-age-sword-unearthed-near-prerov-8832735">"Moravia's Excalibur: Bronze-Age sword unearthed near Přerov"</a>. <i>Radio Prague International</i>. 25 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Prague+International&rft.atitle=Moravia%27s+Excalibur%3A+Bronze-Age+sword+unearthed+near+P%C5%99erov&rft.date=2024-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.radio.cz%2Fmoravias-excalibur-bronze-age-sword-unearthed-near-prerov-8832735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marcomannia.cz/PAGES/Musov_Burgstall.html">"Detašované pracoviště Dolní Dunajovice – Hradisko u Mušova"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deta%C5%A1ovan%C3%A9+pracovi%C5%A1t%C4%9B+Doln%C3%AD+Dunajovice+%E2%80%93+Hradisko+u+Mu%C5%A1ova&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marcomannia.cz%2FPAGES%2FMusov_Burgstall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marcomannia.cz/PAGES/Burg_fortification.html">"Opevnění – Detašované pracoviště Dolní Dunajovice, AÚ AV ČR Brno, v. v. i."</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opevn%C4%9Bn%C3%AD+%E2%80%93+Deta%C5%A1ovan%C3%A9+pracovi%C5%A1t%C4%9B+Doln%C3%AD+Dunajovice%2C+A%C3%9A+AV+%C4%8CR+Brno%2C+v.+v.+i.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marcomannia.cz%2FPAGES%2FBurg_fortification.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHanelCerdánHernández2009" class="citation book cs1">Hanel, Norbert; Cerdán, Ángel Morillo; Hernández, Esperanza Martín (1 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kSnRD5X16zYC&q=Suchohrad+roman+fort&pg=PA893"><i>Limes XX: Estudios sobre la frontera romana (Roman frontier studies)</i></a>. Editorial CSIC – CSIC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788400088545" title="Special:BookSources/9788400088545"><bdi>9788400088545</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Limes+XX%3A+Estudios+sobre+la+frontera+romana+%28Roman+frontier+studies%29&rft.pub=Editorial+CSIC+%E2%80%93+CSIC+Press&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.isbn=9788400088545&rft.aulast=Hanel&rft.aufirst=Norbert&rft.au=Cerd%C3%A1n%2C+%C3%81ngel+Morillo&rft.au=Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Esperanza+Mart%C3%ADn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkSnRD5X16zYC%26q%3DSuchohrad%2Broman%2Bfort%26pg%3DPA893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marcomannia.cz/PAGES/Burg_mansio.html">"Lázeňská a obytná budova – Detašované pracoviště Dolní Dunajovice, AÚ AV ČR Brno, v. v. i."</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%C3%A1ze%C5%88sk%C3%A1+a+obytn%C3%A1+budova+%E2%80%93+Deta%C5%A1ovan%C3%A9+pracovi%C5%A1t%C4%9B+Doln%C3%AD+Dunajovice%2C+A%C3%9A+AV+%C4%8CR+Brno%2C+v.+v.+i.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marcomannia.cz%2FPAGES%2FBurg_mansio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/227715/The_history_and_archaeology_of_Great_Moravia_an_introduction">Florin Kurta. <i>The history and archaeology of Great Moravia: an introduction</i>. in: "Early Medieval Europe", 2009 volume 17 (3)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reuter, Timothy. (1991). <i>Germany in the Early Middle Ages</i>, London: Longman, page 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFŠtefan2011" class="citation book cs1">Štefan, Ivo (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1016725">"Great Moravia, Statehood and Archaeology: The "Decline and Fall" of One Early Medieval Polity"</a>. In Macháček, Jiří; Ungerman, Šimon (eds.). <i>Frühgeschichtliche Zentralorte in Mitteleuropa</i>. Bonn: Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt. pp. <span class="nowrap">333–</span>354. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7749-3730-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7749-3730-7"><bdi>978-3-7749-3730-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Great+Moravia%2C+Statehood+and+Archaeology%3A+The+%22Decline+and+Fall%22+of+One+Early+Medieval+Polity&rft.btitle=Fr%C3%BChgeschichtliche+Zentralorte+in+Mitteleuropa&rft.place=Bonn&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E333-%3C%2Fspan%3E354&rft.pub=Verlag+Dr.+Rudolf+Habelt&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-7749-3730-7&rft.aulast=%C5%A0tefan&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1016725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpieszCaplovic2006" class="citation book cs1">Spiesz, Anton; Caplovic, Dusan (2006). <i>Illustrated Slovak History: A Struggle for Sovereignty in Central Europe</i>. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86516-426-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86516-426-0"><bdi>978-0-86516-426-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Slovak+History%3A+A+Struggle+for+Sovereignty+in+Central+Europe&rft.pub=Bolchazy-Carducci+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-86516-426-0&rft.aulast=Spiesz&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft.au=Caplovic%2C+Dusan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The exact dating of the conquest of Moravia by Bohemian dukes is uncertain. Czech and some Slovak historiographers suggest the year 1019, while Polish, German and other Slovak historians suggest 1029, during the rule of Boleslaus' son, <a href="/wiki/Mieszko_II_Lambert" title="Mieszko II Lambert">Mieszko II Lambert</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are no primary testimonies about creating a margraviate (march) as distinct political unit</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSvobodaFojtíkExnerMartykán2013" class="citation conference cs1">Svoboda, Zbyšek; Fojtík, Pavel; Exner, Petr; Martykán, Jaroslav (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vexilologie.cz/cvs/vexilologie/vexie169.pdf">"Odborné vexilologické stanovisko k moravské vlajce"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Vexilologie. Zpravodaj České vexilologické společnosti, o.s. č. 169</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mlad%C3%A1+fronta+DNES&rft.atitle=%C4%8C%C3%AD%C5%A1n%C3%ADk+tvo%C5%99%C3%AD+spisovnou+morav%C5%A1tinu&rft.date=2008-12-26&rft.aulast=Kol%C3%ADnkov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Eli%C5%A1ka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrno.idnes.cz%2FBrno-zpravy.aspx%3Fc%3DA081226_234656_brno_dmk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZemanová2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zemanová, Barbora (12 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brnensky.denik.cz/zpravy_region/moravane-tvori-spisovnou-moravstinu20081112.html">"Moravané tvoří spisovnou moravštinu"</a>. <i>Brněnský Deník</i> (in Czech). denik.cz<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brn%C4%9Bnsk%C3%BD+Den%C3%ADk&rft.atitle=Moravan%C3%A9+tvo%C5%99%C3%AD+spisovnou+morav%C5%A1tinu&rft.date=2008-11-12&rft.aulast=Zemanov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Barbora&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrnensky.denik.cz%2Fzpravy_region%2Fmoravane-tvori-spisovnou-moravstinu20081112.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nase-rec.ujc.cas.cz/archiv.php?art=7595">O spisovné moravštině a jiných "malých" jazycích (Naše řeč 5, ročník 83/2000)</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Czech)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKolínková2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kolínková, Eliška (30 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zpravy.idnes.cz/amatersky-jazykovedec-prosazuje-moravstinu-jako-novy-jazyk-ptp-/domaci.aspx?c=A081230_134715_domaci_ban">"Amatérský jazykovědec prosazuje moravštinu jako nový jazyk"</a>. <i>Mladá fronta DNES</i> (in Czech). iDnes<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mlad%C3%A1+fronta+DNES&rft.atitle=Amat%C3%A9rsk%C3%BD+jazykov%C4%9Bdec+prosazuje+morav%C5%A1tinu+jako+nov%C3%BD+jazyk&rft.date=2008-12-30&rft.aulast=Kol%C3%ADnkov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Eli%C5%A1ka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzpravy.idnes.cz%2Famatersky-jazykovedec-prosazuje-moravstinu-jako-novy-jazyk-ptp-%2Fdomaci.aspx%3Fc%3DA081230_134715_domaci_ban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KaplanBaldauf2005-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KaplanBaldauf2005_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobert_B._KaplanRichard_B._Baldauf2005" class="citation book cs1">Robert B. Kaplan; Richard B. Baldauf (1 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T2TnL9boqzoC&pg=PA27"><i>Language Planning and Policy in Europe</i></a>. Multilingual Matters. pp. 27–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85359-813-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85359-813-5"><bdi>978-1-85359-813-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Planning+and+Policy+in+Europe&rft.pages=27-&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-85359-813-5&rft.au=Robert+B.+Kaplan&rft.au=Richard+B.+Baldauf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT2TnL9boqzoC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tesser2013-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tesser2013_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTesser2013" class="citation book cs1">Tesser, Lynn (14 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ia-qdCeUaXIC&pg=PA213"><i>Ethnic Cleansing and the European Union: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Security, Memory and Ethnography</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 213–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-30877-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-30877-1"><bdi>978-1-137-30877-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Cleansing+and+the+European+Union%3A+An+Interdisciplinary+Approach+to+Security%2C+Memory+and+Ethnography&rft.pages=213-&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2013-05-14&rft.isbn=978-1-137-30877-1&rft.aulast=Tesser&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dia-qdCeUaXIC%26pg%3DPA213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inc2013-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Inc2013_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIbp,_Inc2013" class="citation book cs1">Ibp, Inc (10 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dW-8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8"><i>Czech Republic Mining Laws and Regulations Handbook - Strategic Information and Basic Laws</i></a>. Int'l Business Publications. pp. 8–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4330-7727-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4330-7727-2"><bdi>978-1-4330-7727-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Czech+Republic+Mining+Laws+and+Regulations+Handbook+-+Strategic+Information+and+Basic+Laws&rft.pages=8-&rft.pub=Int%27l+Business+Publications&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4330-7727-2&rft.au=Ibp%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdW-8AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Penny_Cyclopaedia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Penny Cyclopaedia">The Penny Cyclopaedia</a> of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful ...</i> (1877), volume 15. London, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Knight_(publisher)" title="Charles Knight (publisher)">Charles Knight</a>. Moravia. pp. 397–398.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">The New Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (2003). Chicago, New Delhi, Paris, Seoul, Sydney, Taipei, Tokyo. Volume 8. p. 309. Moravia. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85229%2B961-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85229+961-3">0-85229 961-3</a>.</li> <li>Filip, Jan (1964). <i>The Great Moravia exhibition</i>. ČSAV (<a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences">Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences</a>).</li> <li>Galuška, Luděk, Mitáček Jiří, Novotná, Lea (eds.) (2010) <i>Treausures of Moravia: story of historical land</i>. Brno, <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian Museum">Moravian Museum</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-7028-371-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-7028-371-4">978-80-7028-371-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>. Wonders of the Ancient World; National Geographic Atlas of Archaeology, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Hammond" title="Norman Hammond">Norman Hammond</a>, consultant, Nat'l Geogr. Soc., (multiple staff authors), (Nat'l Geogr., R. H. Donnelley & Sons, Willard, OH), 1994, 1999, Reg or Deluxe Ed., 304 pp. Deluxe ed. photo (p. 248): "Venus, <a href="/wiki/Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolní Věstonice (archaeology)">Dolni Věstonice</a>, 24,000 B.C." In section titled: "The Potter's Art", pp. 246–253.</li> <li>Dekan, Jan (1981). <a href="/wiki/Moravia_Magna" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravia Magna">Moravia Magna</a>: The Great Moravian Empire, Its Art and Time, Minneapolis: Control Data Arts. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89893-084-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-89893-084-7">0-89893-084-7</a>.</li> <li>Hugh, Agnew (2004). <i>The Czechs and the <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown" title="Lands of the Bohemian Crown">Lands of the Bohemian Crown</a></i>.Hoower Press, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8179-4491-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8179-4491-5">0-8179-4491-5</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPoláček2014" class="citation book cs1">Poláček, Lumír (2014). "Great Moravian sacral architecture – new research, new questions". <i>The Cyril and Methodius Mission and Europe: 1150 Years Since the Arrival of the Thessaloniki Brothers in Great Moravia</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">66–</span>73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-86023-51-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-86023-51-9"><bdi>978-80-86023-51-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Great+Moravian+sacral+architecture+%E2%80%93+new+research%2C+new+questions&rft.btitle=The+Cyril+and+Methodius+Mission+and+Europe%3A+1150+Years+Since+the+Arrival+of+the+Thessaloniki+Brothers+in+Great+Moravia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E66-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-80-86023-51-9&rft.aulast=Pol%C3%A1%C4%8Dek&rft.aufirst=Lum%C3%ADr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span> OS LG 2023-08-18.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rona-Tas,_Andras" class="mw-redirect" title="Rona-Tas, Andras">Róna-Tas, András</a> (1999) <i>Hungarians & Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History</i> translated by Nicholas Bodoczky, <a href="/wiki/Central_European_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Central European University Press">Central European University Press</a>, Budapest, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-9116-48-3" title="Special:BookSources/963-9116-48-3">963-9116-48-3</a>.</li> <li>Wihoda, Martin (2015), <i><a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_III,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia">Vladislaus Henry</a>: The Formation of Moravian Identity</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004250499" title="Special:BookSources/9789004250499">9789004250499</a>.</li> <li>Kirschbaum, Stanislav J. (1996) <i>A History of Slovakia: The Struggle for Survival</i> <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>, New York, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-16125-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-16125-5">0-312-16125-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Porphyrogenitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine Porphyrogenitus">Constantine Porphyrogenitus</a> <a href="/wiki/De_Administrando_Imperio" title="De Administrando Imperio">De Administrando Imperio</a> edited by Gy. Moravcsik, translated by <a href="/wiki/R._J._H._Jenkins" class="mw-redirect" title="R. J. H. Jenkins">R. J. H. Jenkins</a>, Dumbarton Oaks Edition, Washington, D.C. (1993)</li> <li>Hlobil, Ivo, Daniel, Ladislav (2000), <i>The last flowers of the middle ages: from the gothic to the renaissance in Moravia and Silesia</i>. Olomouc/Brno, <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Gallery_in_Brno" title="Moravian Gallery in Brno">Moravian Galery</a>, Muzeum umění Olomouc <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788085227406" title="Special:BookSources/9788085227406">9788085227406</a></li> <li>David, Jiří (2009). "Moravian estatism and provincial councils in the second half of the 17th century". <i>Folia historica Bohemica. 1 2</i>4: 111–165. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0231-7494">0231-7494</a>.</li> <li>Svoboda, Jiří A. (1999), <i>Hunters between East and West: the paleolithic of Moravia</i>. New York: Plenum Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0231-7494">0231-7494</a>.</li> <li>Absolon, Karel (1949), <i>The diluvial anthropomorphic statuettes and drawings, especially the so-called Venus statuettes, discovered in Moravia</i> New York, Salmony 1949. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0231-7494">0231-7494</a>.</li> <li>Musil, Rudolf (1971), <i>G. Mendel's Discovery and the Development of Agricultural and Natural Sciences in Moravia</i>. Brno, <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian Museum">Moravian Museum</a>.</li> <li>Šimsa, Martin (2009), <i>Open-Air Museum of Rural Architecture in South-East Moravia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Str%C3%A1%C5%BEnice" title="Strážnice">Strážnice</a>, National Institute of Folk Culture. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788087261194" title="Special:BookSources/9788087261194">9788087261194</a>.</li> <li>Miller, Michael R. (2010), <i>The Jews of Moravia in the Age of Emancipation</i>, Cover of Rabbis and Revolution edition. Stanford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804770569" title="Special:BookSources/9780804770569">9780804770569</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Bata" title="Thomas J. Bata">Bata, Thomas J</a>. (1990), <i>Bata: Shoemaker to the World</i>. Stoddart Publishers Canada. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773724167" title="Special:BookSources/9780773724167">9780773724167</a>.</li> <li>Knox, Brian (1962), <i>Bohemia and Moravia: An Architectural Companion</i>. Faber & Faber.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Moravia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Moravia">Moravia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mzm.cz/en/">Moravské zemské muzeum official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moravska-galerie.cz/?lang=en/">Moravian gallery official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mzk.cz/en/">Moravian library official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mza.cz//">Moravian land archive official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161026100144/http://www.mza.cz/">Archived</a> 26 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Czech)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cirkev.cz/en/dioceses/province-of-moravia/">Province of Moravia – Czech Catholic Church – official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en">Welcome to the 2nd largest city of the CR</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Czech, English, and German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070521214143/http://www.olomouc-travel.cz/index.php?lang=2">Welcome to Olomouc, city of good cheer...</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Czech, English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Polish, Russian, Japanese, and Chinese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://znojmocity.cz/EN/poznejteznojmo.asp">Znojmo – City of Virtue</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131208103146/http://znojmocity.cz/EN/poznejteznojmo.asp">Archived</a> 8 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Czech, English, and German)</span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Moravia" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Moravia">Moravia</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. XIII. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Moravia&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Moravia" class="extiw" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Moravia">Moravia</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. XVI (9th ed.). 1883.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Moravia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Moravia" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Moravia">Moravia</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Moravia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Moravia" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Moravia">Moravia</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 10. 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Moravia&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoravia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CZ-cleneni-Cechy-wl.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the extent of Bohemia within the Czech Republic"><img alt="Map indicating the extent of Bohemia within the Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/CZ-cleneni-Cechy-wl.png/100px-CZ-cleneni-Cechy-wl.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/CZ-cleneni-Cechy-wl.png/150px-CZ-cleneni-Cechy-wl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/CZ-cleneni-Cechy-wl.png/200px-CZ-cleneni-Cechy-wl.png 2x" data-file-width="3662" data-file-height="2104" /></a></span> </p> <div style="padding:0.1em 0; font-size:120%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a></b></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of Bohemia"><img alt="Coat of Arms of Bohemia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Small_coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Small_coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Small_coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Small_coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="1234" /></a></span> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.25em; text-align:center;width:16.0em;"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CZ-cleneni-Morava-wl.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the extent of Moravia within the Czech Republic"><img alt="Map indicating the extent of Moravia within the Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CZ-cleneni-Morava-wl.png/120px-CZ-cleneni-Morava-wl.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CZ-cleneni-Morava-wl.png/250px-CZ-cleneni-Morava-wl.png 1.5x" data-file-width="3662" data-file-height="2104" /></a></span> </p> <div style="padding:0.1em 0; font-size:120%;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moravia</a></b></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Znak_Moravy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of Moravia"><img alt="Coat of Arms of Moravia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Znak_Moravy.svg/40px-Znak_Moravy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Znak_Moravy.svg/60px-Znak_Moravy.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.25em; text-align:center;width:16.0em;"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4074432-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Moravia (Czech Republic)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85087218">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119451245">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119451245">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Morava (Česko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130070&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX453075">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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