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Peter Eckersley (computer scientist) - Wikipedia

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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian computer scientist (1978/1979–2022)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Peter Eckersley</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Eckersley_in_San_Francisco_(March_2022).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photographic portrait of Peter Eckersley on a San Francisco Street at twilight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Peter_Eckersley_in_San_Francisco_%28March_2022%29.jpg/220px-Peter_Eckersley_in_San_Francisco_%28March_2022%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Peter_Eckersley_in_San_Francisco_%28March_2022%29.jpg/330px-Peter_Eckersley_in_San_Francisco_%28March_2022%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Peter_Eckersley_in_San_Francisco_%28March_2022%29.jpg/440px-Peter_Eckersley_in_San_Francisco_%28March_2022%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2154" data-file-height="2872" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Eckersley in March 2022</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1978<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or 1979<sup id="cite_ref-sophos_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sophos-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Australia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><time class="dday deathdate" datetime="2022-09-02">2 September 2022</time> (aged&#160;43 or 44)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">San Francisco, California, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Cryopreserved" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryopreserved">Cryopreserved</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alcor_Life_Extension_Foundation" title="Alcor Life Extension Foundation">Alcor Life Extension Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma&#160;mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a> (PhD)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_scientist" title="Computer scientist">Computer scientist</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">computer security</a> researcher</li><li>activist</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known&#160;for</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_privacy" title="Internet privacy">Internet privacy</a> activism</li><li><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Encrypt" title="Let&#39;s Encrypt">Let's Encrypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Ethics of artificial intelligence">AI ethics</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pde.is/research/docs/phd.pdf">Digital Copyright &amp; The Alternatives: An Interdisciplinary Inquiry</a></i>&#160;<span style="font-size:97%;">(2012)</span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pde.is">pde<wbr />.is</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Peter Daniel Eckersley</b> (1978<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or 1979<sup id="cite_ref-sophos_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sophos-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> – 2 September 2022<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) was an Australian computer scientist, computer security researcher and activist. From 2006 to 2018, he worked at the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a>, including as chief computer scientist and head of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">AI</a> policy.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2018, he left the EFF to become director of research at the <a href="/wiki/Partnership_on_AI" title="Partnership on AI">Partnership on AI</a>, a position he held until 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2021, he co-founded the AI Objectives Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>While at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Eckersley started projects including <a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Encrypt" title="Let&#39;s Encrypt">Let's Encrypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privacy_Badger" title="Privacy Badger">Privacy Badger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Certbot" class="mw-redirect" title="Certbot">Certbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTTPS_Everywhere" title="HTTPS Everywhere">HTTPS Everywhere</a>, SSL Observatory and Panopticlick.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Eckersley was an outspoken advocate on topics including <a href="/wiki/Internet_privacy" title="Internet privacy">internet privacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">net neutrality</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Ethics of artificial intelligence">ethics of artificial intelligence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2023, he was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Hall_of_Fame" title="Internet Hall of Fame">Internet Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Eckersley_(computer_scientist)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peter Daniel Eckersley was born in 1978<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or 1979<sup id="cite_ref-sophos_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sophos-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His mother was an architect who worked to preserve historic buildings, and his father was an electrical engineer. His father was interested in <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a>, an interest he shared with Eckersley, who began writing software by age six or seven.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eckersley earned his <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> in <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a> in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-otfbio_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-otfbio-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phd_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phd-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eckersley moved to the United States, settling in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, California. There, he started working for the Electronic Frontier Foundation and set up a <a href="/wiki/Roommate" title="Roommate">sharehouse</a>, where he lived with roommates including computer scientist and activist <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_activism">Career and activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Eckersley_(computer_scientist)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Career and activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Eckersley_in_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Peter_Eckersley_in_2009.jpg/220px-Peter_Eckersley_in_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Peter_Eckersley_in_2009.jpg/330px-Peter_Eckersley_in_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Peter_Eckersley_in_2009.jpg/440px-Peter_Eckersley_in_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1410" data-file-height="1806" /></a><figcaption>Eckersley in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>From 2006 to 2018, Eckersley worked at the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> (EFF) in roles including technology projects director, chief computer scientist, and head of AI policy.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Eckersley advocated openly for <a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">net neutrality</a> while with the EFF. In 2007, Eckersley and other collaborators conducted a controlled experiment to prove that the <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a> telecommunications company tampered with <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> protocols such as <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a> through the use of forged <a href="/wiki/TCP_reset" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP reset">reset packets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eff-comcast-packet-forgery_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eff-comcast-packet-forgery-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eckersley was prominent in internet privacy, openly critical of <a href="/wiki/Web_tracking" title="Web tracking">web tracking</a> technologies and companies that use them. In 2007, he criticised <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> for their lack of transparency in user tracking services<sup id="cite_ref-infoworld-facebook-tracking_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoworld-facebook-tracking-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> as well as the use by internet service providers of <a href="/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection" title="Deep packet inspection">deep packet inspection</a> of peer-to-peer networks to seek out <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a>, often relying purely on <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP addresses</a> to identify users in court.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His later work in this field resulted in the Panopticlick, an EFF website to test the identifiability of users' <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a>, as well as advocacy for stronger enforcement of the <a href="/wiki/Do_Not_Track" title="Do Not Track">Do Not Track</a> header.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Eckersley was a founding member of <a href="/wiki/Toby_Ord" title="Toby Ord">Toby Ord's</a> <a href="/wiki/Giving_What_We_Can" title="Giving What We Can">Giving What We Can</a> organization, which encourages <a href="/wiki/Effective_altruism" title="Effective altruism">effective altruism</a> and whose members pledge to give at least 10% of their income to charity.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, Eckersley again collaborated with the EFF on an open letter against the <a href="/wiki/Stop_Online_Piracy_Act" title="Stop Online Piracy Act">Stop Online Piracy Act</a> (SOPA), part of the internet-wide response to the act. The open letter was signed by almost 100 computer scientists and <a href="/wiki/Internet_privacy" title="Internet privacy">internet privacy</a> advocates.<sup id="cite_ref-eff-deeplinks-sopa-letter_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eff-deeplinks-sopa-letter-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He collaborated in that work with <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a>, another online privacy advocate with close ties to the Electronic Frontier Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Eckersley co-founded <a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Encrypt" title="Let&#39;s Encrypt">Let's Encrypt</a> alongside developers from the <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Corporation" title="Mozilla Corporation">Mozilla Corporation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Let's Encrypt is a publicly accessible <a href="/wiki/Certificate_authority" title="Certificate authority">certificate authority</a> that provides for free short-lived <a href="/wiki/Public_key_certificate" title="Public key certificate">SSL certificates</a> that browsers and other software would consider trustable, mediated through the automated <a href="/wiki/Automatic_Certificate_Management_Environment" title="Automatic Certificate Management Environment">ACME</a> protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-eff-deeplinks-launch-letsencrypt_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eff-deeplinks-launch-letsencrypt-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A year after its launch, Let's Encrypt announced they had signed one million certificates.<sup id="cite_ref-le-1mil-signs_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le-1mil-signs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As of September 2022, Let's Encrypt had validated certificates for over 290 million domains.<sup id="cite_ref-le-stats_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le-stats-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Many other web-scale services for securing sites have built on the certificate infrastructure provided by Let's Encrypt, including <a href="/wiki/Certbot" class="mw-redirect" title="Certbot">Certbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caddy_(web_server)" title="Caddy (web server)">Caddy</a>, and Traefik. </p><p>Eckersley was outspoken against the centralisation of <a href="/wiki/Cloud_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud Computing">cloud hosting providers</a>, particularly that of <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">AWS</a>, fearing that cloud providers could be compelled to look into users' data.<sup id="cite_ref-ars-cloud_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ars-cloud-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, he began focusing on artificial intelligence, with research and policy work focused on applications including <a href="/wiki/Predictive_policing" title="Predictive policing">predictive policing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vehicular_automation" title="Vehicular automation">autonomous vehicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">cybersecurity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Applications_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Applications of artificial intelligence">military uses of artificial intelligence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He left EFF to become director of research at the <a href="/wiki/Partnership_on_AI" title="Partnership on AI">Partnership on AI</a>, a position he held until 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2021 he co-founded a non-profit pursuing similar goals, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=AI_Objectives_Institute&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="AI Objectives Institute (page does not exist)">AI Objectives Institute</a>, which was conceived as an institute focused on identifying and aligning the objectives of AI with those of society, and interrogating the values and politics around artificial intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was also a visiting senior fellow at <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Eckersley advised several groups working on <a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">contact tracing</a> and exposure notification on how to preserve user privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_and_writing">Research and writing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Eckersley_(computer_scientist)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Research and writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eckersley published a broad range of technical papers on security, AI, and related policy.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Two of his popular papers, <i>How Unique Is Your Browser?</i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <i>On Locational Privacy,</i><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> highlighted how vulnerable the internet was to <a href="/wiki/Device_fingerprint" title="Device fingerprint">browser fingerprinting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_geolocation" title="Internet geolocation">location tracking</a> over time as ways of piercing privacy and anonymity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Eckersley_(computer_scientist)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly before his death, Eckersley was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colon cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He sent a message to friends: "If possible, please <a href="/wiki/Plasticizer" title="Plasticizer">plasticize</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vitrification" title="Vitrification">vitrify</a> my brain and leave it on a shelf somewhere with a plaque or durable sticky note that says, 'scan me.'"<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eckersley died on 2 September 2022 in San Francisco of complications from cancer treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His brain was preserved by the <a href="/wiki/Cryonics" title="Cryonics">cryonics</a> organization <a href="/wiki/Alcor_Life_Extension_Foundation" title="Alcor Life Extension Foundation">Alcor Life Extension Foundation</a> soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was remembered by the <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> as an "Australian computer scientist," who "worked at a San Francisco nonprofit on projects designed to protect privacy."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Eckersley_(computer_scientist)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wsj-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHagertyMcMillan2022" class="citation news cs1">Hagerty, James R.; McMillan, Robert (9 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/peter-eckersley-helped-encrypt-internet-traffic-to-foil-snoops-11662732014">"Peter Eckersley Helped Encrypt Internet Traffic to Foil Snoops"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Peter+Eckersley+Helped+Encrypt+Internet+Traffic+to+Foil+Snoops&amp;rft.date=2022-09-09&amp;rft.issn=0099-9660&amp;rft.aulast=Hagerty&amp;rft.aufirst=James+R.&amp;rft.au=McMillan%2C+Robert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fpeter-eckersley-helped-encrypt-internet-traffic-to-foil-snoops-11662732014&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Eckersley+%28computer+scientist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sophos-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sophos_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sophos_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sophos_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDucklin2022" class="citation web cs1">Ducklin, Paul (4 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2022/09/04/peter-eckersley-co-creator-of-lets-encrypt-dies-at-just-43/">"Peter Eckersley, co-creator of Let's Encrypt, dies at just 43"</a>. <i>Naked Security</i>. <a href="/wiki/Sophos" title="Sophos">Sophos</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220906191515/https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2022/09/04/peter-eckersley-co-creator-of-lets-encrypt-dies-at-just-43/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2022</span>. <q>[...] he turned just 43 shortly before midsummer's day this year</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Naked+Security&amp;rft.atitle=Peter+Eckersley%2C+co-creator+of+Let%27s+Encrypt%2C+dies+at+just+43&amp;rft.date=2022-09-04&amp;rft.aulast=Ducklin&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnakedsecurity.sophos.com%2F2022%2F09%2F04%2Fpeter-eckersley-co-creator-of-lets-encrypt-dies-at-just-43%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Eckersley+%28computer+scientist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohn2022" class="citation web cs1">Cohn, Cindy (5 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2022/09/honoring-peter-eckersley-who-made-internet-safer-place-everyone">"Honoring Peter Eckersley, Who Made the Internet a Safer Place for Everyone"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pde.is/research/docs/phd.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Electronic+Frontier+Foundation&amp;rft.atitle=Packet+Forgery+by+ISPs%3A+A+report+on+the+Comcast+Affair&amp;rft.date=2007-11-28&amp;rft.aulast=Eckersley&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.au=von+Lohmann%2C+Fred&amp;rft.au=Schoen%2C+Seth&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eff.org%2Fwp%2Fpacket-forgery-isps-report-comcast-affair&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Eckersley+%28computer+scientist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-infoworld-facebook-tracking-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-infoworld-facebook-tracking_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerez2007" class="citation news cs1">Perez, Juan Carlos (5 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/2648525/experts-to-facebook--mind-your-manners.html">"Experts to Facebook: Mind your manners"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Springer. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.381.1264">10.1.1.381.1264</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-14527-8_1">10.1007/978-3-642-14527-8_1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-14527-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-14527-8"><bdi>978-3-642-14527-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Privacy+Enhancing+Technologies&amp;rft.atitle=How+Unique+Is+Your+Web+Browser%3F&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.381.1264%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-642-14527-8_1&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-642-14527-8&amp;rft.aulast=Eckersley&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-3-642-14527-8_1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Eckersley+%28computer+scientist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckersley2009" class="citation web cs1">Eckersley, Peter (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/files/eff-locational-privacy.pdf">"On Locational Privacy, and How to Avoid Losing it Forever"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=On+Locational+Privacy%2C+and+How+to+Avoid+Losing+it+Forever&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.aulast=Eckersley&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eff.org%2Ffiles%2Feff-locational-privacy.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Eckersley+%28computer+scientist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alcor.org/complete-list-of-non-confidential-cryopreserved-alcor-patients/">"Complete List of Non-Confidential Cryopreserved Alcor Patients"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Complete+List+of+Non-Confidential+Cryopreserved+Alcor+Patients&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alcor.org%2Fcomplete-list-of-non-confidential-cryopreserved-alcor-patients%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Eckersley+%28computer+scientist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHagertyMcMillan2022" class="citation web cs1">Hagerty, James R.; McMillan, Robert (9 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/peter-eckersley-helped-encrypt-internet-traffic-to-foil-snoops-11662732014">"Peter Eckersley Helped Encrypt Internet Traffic to Foil Snoops"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230911110500/https://www.wsj.com/articles/peter-eckersley-helped-encrypt-internet-traffic-to-foil-snoops-11662732014">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Peter+Eckersley+Helped+Encrypt+Internet+Traffic+to+Foil+Snoops&amp;rft.date=2022-09-09&amp;rft.aulast=Hagerty&amp;rft.aufirst=James+R.&amp;rft.au=McMillan%2C+Robert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fpeter-eckersley-helped-encrypt-internet-traffic-to-foil-snoops-11662732014&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Eckersley+%28computer+scientist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Eckersley_(computer_scientist)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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