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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tomasini's_San_Francisco–Alameda–Marin_crossings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tomasini's_San_Francisco–Alameda–Marin_crossings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Tomasini's San Francisco–Alameda–Marin crossings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tomasini's_San_Francisco–Alameda–Marin_crossings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction:_1953–1957" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction:_1953–1957"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Construction: 1953–1957 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction:_1953–1957-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Historical notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&params=37.9347_N_122.4338_W_scale:50000_region:US-CA_type:landmark">37°56′05″N 122°26′02″W / 37.9347°N 122.4338°W / 37.9347; -122.4338</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bridge crossing the San Francisco Bay</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"San Rafael Bridge" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/San_Rafael_Bridge_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="San Rafael Bridge (disambiguation)">San Rafael Bridge (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn org">Richmond–San Rafael Bridge</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge_as_seen_from_Mt_Tamalpais.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge_as_seen_from_Mt_Tamalpais.JPG/250px-Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge_as_seen_from_Mt_Tamalpais.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge_as_seen_from_Mt_Tamalpais.JPG/375px-Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge_as_seen_from_Mt_Tamalpais.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge_as_seen_from_Mt_Tamalpais.JPG/500px-Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge_as_seen_from_Mt_Tamalpais.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The Richmond–San Rafael Bridge, as seen from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tamalpais" title="Mount Tamalpais">Mount Tamalpais</a>, 2012</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&params=37.9347_N_122.4338_W_scale:50000_region:US-CA_type:landmark">37°56′05″N 122°26′02″W / 37.9347°N 122.4338°W / 37.9347; -122.4338</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Carries</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li>4–5 lanes (2 upper deck, 2 lower deck during non-peak hours, 3 lower deck during peak hours) of <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/I-580_%281961%29.svg/29px-I-580_%281961%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/I-580_%281961%29.svg/43px-I-580_%281961%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/I-580_%281961%29.svg/58px-I-580_%281961%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="626" /> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_580_(California)" title="Interstate 580 (California)">I-580</a></li><li>Bicycles and pedestrians (non-peak hours only)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crosses</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Locale</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/San_Rafael,_California" title="San Rafael, California">San Rafael</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond</a>, California</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">John F. McCarthy Memorial Bridge</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other name(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Richmond Bridge San Rafael Bridge</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_F._McCarthy" title="John F. McCarthy">John F. McCarthy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/State_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="State of California">State of California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maintained by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Transportation" title="California Department of Transportation">California Department of Transportation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Toll_Authority" title="Bay Area Toll Authority">Bay Area Toll Authority</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Bridge_Inventory#ID_numbers" title="National Bridge Inventory">ID number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28 0100</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayareafastrak.org">www.bayareafastrak.org</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Double-deck_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-deck bridge">Double-Decked</a> Dual <a href="/wiki/Cantilever_bridge" title="Cantilever bridge">Cantilever bridge</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pratt_Truss" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt Truss">Pratt Truss</a> Approach</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total length</th><td class="infobox-data">29,040 ft (5.500 mi; 8.85 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longest span</th><td class="infobox-data">326 m (1,070 ft) cantilever structure</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of spans</th><td class="infobox-data">77 in total, consisting of: 19 girder spans (west) 14 truss spans (west) 3 spans (western cantilever) 9 truss spans (center) 3 spans (eastern cantilever) 12 truss spans (east) 17 girder spans (east)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Piers in water</th><td class="infobox-data">70<a href="#cite_note-CHPW-19540304-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Air_draft#Clearance_below" title="Air draft">Clearance below</a></th><td class="infobox-data">185 feet (56 m) (main channel) 135 feet (41 m) (secondary channel)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data">Norman Raab</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constructed by</th><td class="infobox-data">Gerwick—Kiewit Joint Venture (substructure) Kiewit—Soda—Judson Pacific-Murphy Joint Venture (superstructure)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction start</th><td class="infobox-data">March 1953</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction cost</th><td class="infobox-data">US$62,000,000 (equivalent to $694,800,000 in 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">September 1, 1956; 68 years ago (September 1, 1956)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Annual_average_daily_traffic" title="Annual average daily traffic">Daily traffic</a></th><td class="infobox-data">66,800 (2011) 67,800 (2012) 72,300 (2013) 75,600 (2014) 79,200 (2015)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Toll</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Westbound only</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FasTrak" title="FasTrak">FasTrak</a> or <a href="/wiki/Video_tolling" title="Video tolling">pay-by-plate</a>, cash not accepted</li> <li>Effective January 1, 2022 – December 31, 2024 (2022-01-01 – 2024-12-31):</li> <li>$7.00</li> <li>$3.50 (carpool rush hours, FasTrak only)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Location</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="37.9347" data-lon="-122.4338" data-overlays="["_40e9353664a57e721091cca25119a8dba147cd07"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/37.9347/-122.4338/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,37.9347,-122.4338,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&revid=1252943387&groups=_40e9353664a57e721091cca25119a8dba147cd07" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,37.9347,-122.4338,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&revid=1252943387&groups=_40e9353664a57e721091cca25119a8dba147cd07 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Richmond–San Rafael Bridge (officially renamed the John F. McCarthy Memorial Bridge in 1981<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>) is the northernmost of the east–west crossings of California's <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a>, carrying <a href="/wiki/Interstate_580_(California)" title="Interstate 580 (California)">Interstate 580</a> from <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond</a> on the east to <a href="/wiki/San_Rafael,_California" title="San Rafael, California">San Rafael</a> on the west. It opened in 1956, replacing ferry service by the <a href="/wiki/Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Ferry_Company" title="Richmond–San Rafael Ferry Company">Richmond–San Rafael Ferry Company</a>,<a href="#cite_note-quarry-4">[4]</a> and was officially renamed in 1981 to honor California State Senator <a href="/wiki/John_F._McCarthy" title="John F. McCarthy">John F. McCarthy</a>, who championed the bridge's creation.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_proposals">Early proposals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early proposals">edit</a>]</div> Proposals for a bridge were advanced in the 1920s, preceding the completion of the Golden Gate Bridge. In 1927, Roy O. Long of The Richmond–San Rafael Bridge, Incorporated, applied for a franchise to construct and operate a private toll bridge. The proposed 1927 Long bridge would have been a steel suspension bridge, carrying a 30-foot-wide (9.1 m) roadway for a distance of 14,600 feet (4,500 m) at an estimated construction cost of US$12,000,000 (equivalent to $210,500,000 in 2023). The bridge would afford a maximum vertical clearance of 135 feet (41 m) with a 1,200-foot (370 m) main span.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Charles Derleth, Jr. was selected as the consulting engineer, after having served in that role for the recently completed <a href="/wiki/Carquinez_Bridge" title="Carquinez Bridge">Carquinez Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The Long bridge would have spanned <a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Bay" title="San Pablo Bay">San Pablo Bay</a> between Point Orient (in <a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa County</a>) to just below McNear's Point (in <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin County</a>), and Long was granted the franchise in February 1928 by the Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors.<a href="#cite_note-SN-19280211-8">[8]</a> A competing proposed bridge also came out in 1927, from Charles Van Damme of the Richmond-San Rafael Ferry Company. The 1927 Van Damme bridge would have carried a 27-foot-wide (8.2 m) roadway for a distance of 19,000 feet (5,800 m) at an identical estimated construction cost of US$12,000,000 (equivalent to $210,500,000 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-SN-19271231-9">[9]</a> It would have spanned San Pablo Bay from <a href="/wiki/Castro_Point" title="Castro Point">Castro Point</a> (Contra Costa County) to <a href="/wiki/San_Quentin,_California" title="San Quentin, California">Point San Quentin</a> (Marin County), approximately the same routing as the eventually completed 1956 bridge.<a href="#cite_note-SN-19280211-8">[8]</a> Although the 1927 Long bridge had been granted a franchise in February 1928, Van Damme subsequently petitioned to reopen the case, since the ferry company owned the land at the proposed eastern terminus and therefore should have been favored in the franchise selection process.<a href="#cite_note-SN-19280331-10">[10]</a> Also, since the ferry company's franchise rights were not set to expire until the 1950s, Long's 1927 bridge cost would have increased to reimburse losses to ferry revenues.<a href="#cite_note-SN-19271231-9">[9]</a> Soon after winning the franchise rights, Long approached Van Damme with an offer to buy the Richmond-San Rafael Ferry Company for US$1,250,000 (equivalent to $22,200,000 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Van Damme and Long later agreed in September 1928 to merge their interests for a combined bridge proposal between <a href="/wiki/Point_San_Pablo_Yacht_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor">Point San Pablo</a> (Contra Costa County) and McNear's Point (Marin County).<a href="#cite_note-SN-19280928-12">[12]</a> The combined project, now headed by Oscar Klatt for the American Toll Bridge Company, received approval for the routing from then-<a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> <a href="/wiki/James_William_Good" class="mw-redirect" title="James William Good">Good</a> in May 1929, although vertical and horizontal clearances for the proposed bridge were not fully established at the time.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In November 1929, vertical clearance had been increased to 160 feet (49 m) to satisfy Navy requirements.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The construction permit was issued in February 1930.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Klatt's 1929 bridge was dormant for nearly a decade following the issuance of a construction permit in 1930. An extension was filed in 1938 to allow construction to start as late as February 1942,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> and fresh plans for a bridge district to facilitate financing were announced in 1939.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In 1947, interest was revived in bridging Marin and Contra Costa Counties.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tomasini's_San_Francisco–Alameda–Marin_crossings">Tomasini's San Francisco–Alameda–Marin crossings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tomasini's San Francisco–Alameda–Marin crossings">edit</a>]</div> A third bridge was proposed in late 1927 by the enigmatic <a href="/w/index.php?title=T.A._Tomasini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T.A. Tomasini (page does not exist)">T.A. Tomasini</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Tomasini's 1927 bridge called for two lanes of automobile traffic straddling a central rail line from San Pedro Hill (Marin) to San Pablo station (Contra Costa), a distance of over 5 miles (8.0 km).<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In 1928, Tomasini presented a revised proposal for a bridge farther south than the other two bridges—spanning the water from <a href="/wiki/Albany,_California" title="Albany, California">Albany</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda County</a>) to <a href="/wiki/Tiburon,_California" title="Tiburon, California">Tiburon</a>. The 1928 Tomasini Albany–Tiburon bridge was the longest of the three proposed bridges by a significant margin.<a href="#cite_note-SN-19280331-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The proposed Albany–Tiburon bridge would have been similar in concept to the 1967 <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo%E2%80%93Hayward_Bridge" title="San Mateo–Hayward Bridge">San Mateo–Hayward Bridge</a>, with a high-level western section approximately 7,700 feet (2,300 m) long transitioning to a low-level eastern causeway. The western section featured two 1,000-foot-wide (300 m) spans to cross the navigation channels, with the western navigation span having a minimum vertical clearance of 150 feet (46 m) and the eastern navigation span having a minimum vertical clearance of 135 feet (41 m).<a href="#cite_note-SN-19280921-22">[22]</a> The 1,000-foot-wide (300 m) navigation channels for the proposed Albany–Tiburon bridge were opposed by shipping interests, who wanted the channels to be 1,500 feet (460 m) wide instead. The cost of the longer spans required would have made the proposed Albany–Tiburon bridge impractical, and Tomasini argued that "any mariner who could not negotiate a bridge such as proposed should lose his license."<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francisco_Bay_bridges_Tomasini.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/San_Francisco_Bay_bridges_Tomasini.svg/250px-San_Francisco_Bay_bridges_Tomasini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/San_Francisco_Bay_bridges_Tomasini.svg/375px-San_Francisco_Bay_bridges_Tomasini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/San_Francisco_Bay_bridges_Tomasini.svg/500px-San_Francisco_Bay_bridges_Tomasini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="168" /></a><figcaption>Tomasini's proposed 1928 San Francisco Bay crossings, shown in orange. Red bridges are those that were built, including the 1956 Richmond–San Rafael Bridge (1). 1937 <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a> (2), and 1936 <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge</a> (3) . <div><ol style="list-style-type:upper-alpha"><li>Albany–Tiburon bridge</li><li>Sausalito–Belvedere bridge</li><li>San Francisco–Marin–Alameda tunnel & bridge</li></ol></div></figcaption></figure> Tomasini would later add a bridge spanning <a href="/wiki/Richardson_Bay" title="Richardson Bay">Richardson Bay</a> in March 1928 from <a href="/wiki/Sausalito,_California" title="Sausalito, California">Sausalito</a> to <a href="/wiki/Belvedere,_California" title="Belvedere, California">Belvedere</a> to his proposal.<a href="#cite_note-SN-19280928-12">[12]</a> The additional Sausalito–Belvedere bridge would have been 7,300 feet (2,200 m) long and 22 feet (6.7 m) wide with a lift span to allow the passage of large vessels, at an estimated cost of US$750,000 (equivalent to $13,300,000 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-SN-19280421-25">[25]</a> Meanwhile, in April 1928 Tomasini recruited the prominent <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Modjeski" title="Ralph Modjeski">Ralph Modjeski</a> to serve as the consulting head engineer for the proposed Albany–Tiburon span,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> and Modjeski promptly complimented the plans that had been drawn up by Tomasini's chief engineer, Erle L. Cope.<a href="#cite_note-SN-19280421-25">[25]</a> The design for a <a href="/wiki/Moveable_bridge" title="Moveable bridge">lift span</a> in the proposed Sausalito–Belvedere bridge was changed to a <a href="/wiki/Bascule_bridge" title="Bascule bridge">bascule</a> after public comments were received from a local shipbuilder.<a href="#cite_note-SN-19280914-27">[27]</a> Tomasini received a permit for the Sausalito–Belvedere bridge from the War Department in December 1928.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Tomasini had planned to commence construction of the Sausalito–Belvedere bridge in July 1930,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> but he was met with opposition from the Tiburon-Belvedere Chamber of Commerce, who felt the creation of a bridge would eliminate the promised San Francisco-Tiburon ferry service.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In 1931, the Richardson Bay Redwood Bridge was opened, which was the largest structure in the world constructed of redwood.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The Redwood Bridge carried the Redwood Highway (present-day US 101) and spanned the upper reach of Richardson Bay,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> eliminating some of the need for the proposed Sausalito–Belvedere bridge. The Redwood Bridge would be replaced by a concrete structure in the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Tomasini continued to add to the project scope in July 1928 by proposing a <a href="/wiki/Fixed_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed link">bridge and tunnel</a> to join San Francisco to the proposed Albany–Tiburon bridge. The tunnel would run roughly northeast from Bay Street and Grant Avenue, not far from present-day <a href="/wiki/Pier_39" title="Pier 39">Pier 39</a>, at a depth of 50 feet (15 m) below low tide water level for 11,200 feet (3,400 m). At that point, the tunnel would surface northwest of <a href="/wiki/Yerba_Buena_Island" title="Yerba Buena Island">Goat Island</a>, and then transition to a bridge nearly 4 miles (6.4 km) long with a minimum vertical clearance of 50 feet (15 m) and two lift spans connecting to the proposed Albany–Tiburon bridge. The cost of the entire project was US$55,670,000 (equivalent to $987,800,000 in 2023), split as US$20,000,000 (equivalent to $354,900,000 in 2023) for the Albany–Tiburon bridge, US$670,000 (equivalent to $11,900,000 in 2023) for the Sausalito–Belvedere bridge, and US$35,000,000 (equivalent to $621,000,000 in 2023) for the San Francisco–Marin–Alameda tunnel and bridge.<a href="#cite_note-SN-19280713-34">[34]</a> Tomasini organized each of the three proposed structures as independent projects, preferably to be built simultaneously, but in the event that one was not approved, it would not delay the construction of the other two.<a href="#cite_note-SN-19280713-34">[34]</a> San Francisco's board of supervisors rejected Tomasini's San Francisco–Marin–Alameda tunnel and bridge in September 1928, although the board's action was non-binding.<a href="#cite_note-SN-19280921-22">[22]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wfm_richmond_bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wfm_richmond_bridge.jpg/220px-Wfm_richmond_bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wfm_richmond_bridge.jpg/330px-Wfm_richmond_bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wfm_richmond_bridge.jpg/440px-Wfm_richmond_bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>Aerial photo of the bridge and the surrounding area</figcaption></figure> By February 1932, Tomasini's proposed Albany–Tiburon bridge had changed to a combination bridge—tunnel. The bridge portion was a low trestle approximately 19,800 feet (6,000 m) long, extending westward from <a href="/wiki/Fleming_Point" title="Fleming Point">Point Fleming</a> in Albany in Alameda County. The proposed tunnel would have been 17,200 feet (5,200 m) long and ventilated by four towers, emerging at Bluff Point near Tiburon in Marin County.<a href="#cite_note-MDT-19320716-35">[35]</a> Total estimated cost for the two structures was now US$35,000,000 (equivalent to $781,600,000 in 2023) and despite opposition from the US Navy, who cited potential navigation hazards,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> the bridge—tunnel was approved by the War Department in July 1932.<a href="#cite_note-MDT-19320716-35">[35]</a> Although he had the permit to begin work, Tomasini filed numerous annual extensions to retain the rights through 1941,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> apparently due to a lack of funding to start work. Tomasini was still scrambling for funding in August 1941, seeking the issue of bonds worth US$20,000,000 (equivalent to $414,300,000 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Tomasini lost the rights to the crossing in October 1941,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> which was not the first time he was opposed by <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a>, who had questioned the validity of Tomasini's franchise as early as 1933.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Still, Tomasini was doggedly trying to advance his plans as late as 1948.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction:_1953–1957">Construction: 1953–1957</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Construction: 1953–1957">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richmond_California.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Richmond_California.JPG/220px-Richmond_California.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Richmond_California.JPG/330px-Richmond_California.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Richmond_California.JPG/440px-Richmond_California.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2289" data-file-height="1672" /></a><figcaption>Aerial photo of the bay</figcaption></figure> In 1949, the County of Marin and the City of Richmond commissioned a preliminary engineering report from Earl and Wright of San Francisco, which concluded that a bridge would be feasible.<a href="#cite_note-CHPW1953-42">[42]</a> A follow-up 1950 study, conducted by the Division of San Francisco Bay Toll Crossings, was commissioned by Marin County and the City of Richmond using US$200,000 (equivalent to $2,530,000 in 2023) in state funding. The 1950 report concluded the bridge could be built in accordance with the California Toll Bridge Authority Act.<a href="#cite_note-CHPW1953-42">[42]</a> The preliminary design was approved on August 8, 1951 and California approved the preliminary report on November 27, 1951. The California Toll Bridge Authority authorized the issue of US$72,000,000 (equivalent to $826,100,000 in 2023) in bonds on November 7, 1952 and subsequently sold US$62,000,000 (equivalent to $706,100,000 in 2023) on February 26, 1953 to construct a single-deck bridge. The remaining US$10,000,000 (equivalent to $113,900,000 in 2023) was reserved for construction contingencies and to complete the lower deck of the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-CHPW1956-0708-43">[43]</a> The $62 million raised from bond sales was divided into three parts: US$50,000,000 (equivalent to $569,400,000 in 2023) for construction, US$10,000,000 (equivalent to $113,900,000 in 2023) to address interest obligations on the bonds during the construction period, and US$2,000,000 (equivalent to $22,800,000 in 2023) in construction contingency.<a href="#cite_note-CHPW1956-0708-43">[43]</a> In 1954, <a href="/wiki/Goodwin_Knight" title="Goodwin Knight">Governor Knight</a> declared the second deck should not be delayed in the public interest, and US$6,000,000 (equivalent to $68,200,000 in 2023) was loaned from the State School Land Fund in 1955 to complete the second deck. The bridge was finished $4 million under budget.<a href="#cite_note-BridgeTheBay-44">[44]</a> During the study period, an earth and rock-fill bridge with lift structures was considered, but the high-level bridge was chosen as the cost of a low bridge with navigation locks and lifting structures was prohibitive.<a href="#cite_note-CHPW1953-42">[42]</a> The majority of construction costs were tied up in two contracts that opened for bidding on December 19, 1952. The first contract, for the substructure, was awarded to the low bidder, the Ben C. Gerwick, Inc. — Peter Kiewit Sons' Co. Joint Venture for US$14,234,550 (equivalent to $162,100,000 in 2023). The second contract, for the superstructure, was awarded to the low bid of US$21,099,319 (equivalent to $240,300,000 in 2023) by a joint venture between Peter Kiewit Sons' Co. — A. Soda & Son — Judson Pacific Murphy Corp.<a href="#cite_note-CHPW1953-42">[42]</a> The substructure construction moved rapidly, with an estimated 45% of piers completed approximately a year after the contract was awarded.<a href="#cite_note-CHPW-19540304-1">[1]</a> The bridge with the upper deck was opened in 1956. It was dedicated on August 31, and opened for traffic on September 1 with one traffic lane per direction.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> At the time, it was the world's second-longest bridge, behind the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> as well as the longest continuous steel bridge.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The lower deck opened on August 20, 1957, at which point there were three lanes of traffic per direction.<a href="#cite_note-SFE1957-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-PT1957-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_notes">Historical notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Historical notes">edit</a>]</div> Originally a part of <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_17" title="California State Route 17">State Route 17</a>, the bridge is now part of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_580_(California)" title="Interstate 580 (California)">Interstate 580</a>. Upon its opening, the Richmond–San Rafael bridge was the last bridge across San Francisco Bay to replace a previous ferry service, leaving the <a href="/wiki/Benicia%E2%80%93Martinez_Bridge" title="Benicia–Martinez Bridge">Benicia–Martinez Ferry</a> across Carquinez Strait as the only remaining auto ferry in the Bay Area (it would be replaced by a bridge in 1962). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francisco_Bay_Bridges_map_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/San_Francisco_Bay_Bridges_map_en.svg/220px-San_Francisco_Bay_Bridges_map_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/San_Francisco_Bay_Bridges_map_en.svg/330px-San_Francisco_Bay_Bridges_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/San_Francisco_Bay_Bridges_map_en.svg/440px-San_Francisco_Bay_Bridges_map_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Bridges in the San Francisco Bay</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caltrans_District4_7836D059.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Caltrans_District4_7836D059.jpg/220px-Caltrans_District4_7836D059.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Caltrans_District4_7836D059.jpg/330px-Caltrans_District4_7836D059.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Caltrans_District4_7836D059.jpg/440px-Caltrans_District4_7836D059.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Vertical undulation of the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge between the two cantilever spans</figcaption></figure> The bridge—including approaches—measures 5.5 miles (29,040 feet / 8,851.39 m / 8.9 km) long. At the time it was built, it was one of the world's longest bridges. The bridge spans two ship channels and has two separate main <a href="/wiki/Cantilever_bridge" title="Cantilever bridge">cantilever</a> spans. Both main cantilever spans are raised to allow ship traffic to pass, and in between, there is a "dip" in the elevation of the center section,<a href="#cite_note-CSeim-50">[50]</a> giving the bridge a vertical undulation or "<a href="/wiki/Roller_coaster" title="Roller coaster">roller coaster</a>" appearance and also the nickname "roller coaster span". To save money, the cantilever main spans share identical symmetric designs, so the "uphill" grade on the approach required for the elevated span is duplicated on the other "downhill" side, resulting in a depressed center truss section.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In addition, because the navigation channels are not parallel to each other, the bridge also does not follow a straight line.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> This appearance has also been referred to as a "bent coat hanger".<a href="#cite_note-BridgeTheBay-44">[44]</a> After it was completed, many were disappointed by the appearance of the bridge;<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>, a famous designer who was not an engineer, reportedly called for it to be destroyed<a href="#cite_note-TYLin-54">[54]</a> due to its ugliness, and complained that it was "the most awful thing I've ever seen" during its construction in 1953.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Contrariwise, the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a>, and the western span of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">Bay Bridge</a>, had been considered engineering and historical marvels. However, the project's senior engineers were the same ones who had worked on the Bay Bridge,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> with their design reflecting lessons they had learned from doing so.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> From west (Point San Quentin) to east (Castro Point), the bridge consists of:<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-CHPW-19540304-1">[1]</a> <ul><li>A 2,845-foot (867 m) <a href="/wiki/Trestle_bridge" title="Trestle bridge">trestle structure</a> supported by fifty-seven <a href="/wiki/Bent_(structural)" title="Bent (structural)">bents</a>. The upper deck is 2,845 feet (867 m), and the lower deck is slightly longer at 3,635 feet (1,108 m).</li> <li>1,900 feet (580 m) of <a href="/wiki/Girder_bridge" title="Girder bridge">girder spans</a>, consisting of nineteen 100-foot (30 m) girder spans</li> <li>4,125 feet (1,257 m) of <a href="/wiki/Truss_bridge" title="Truss bridge">truss spans</a>, divided into fourteen trusses each 292 feet (89 m) long, on average.</li> <li>The western 2,145-foot (654 m) <a href="/wiki/Cantilever_bridge" title="Cantilever bridge">cantilever structure</a>, with arms measuring 538 feet (164 m) each flanking a central span of 1,070 feet (330 m). The western cantilever span is the main 1,070-foot-wide (330 m) navigation channel and features a vertical clearance of 185 feet (56 m).</li> <li>2,955 feet (901 m) of truss spans, consisting of ten spans each 292 feet (89 m) long, on average.</li> <li>The eastern 2,145-foot (654 m) cantilever structure, with arms measuring 538 feet (164 m) each flanking a central span of 1,070 feet (330 m). The eastern cantilever span is the secondary 1,070-foot-wide (330 m) navigation channel and features a reduced vertical clearance of 135 feet (41 m).</li> <li>3,505 feet (1,068 m) of truss spans, consisting of twelve spans each 292 feet (89 m) long, on average.</li> <li>1,715 feet (523 m) of 100-foot (30 m) girder spans</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_07802.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_07802.JPG/220px-Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_07802.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_07802.JPG/330px-Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_07802.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_07802.JPG/440px-Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_07802.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Looking southwest from above Richmond</figcaption></figure> Excluding approaches, the bridge structures comprise a total length of 21,335 feet (6,503 m) on the upper deck and 22,125 feet (6,744 m) on the lower deck. Despite the varying height of the bridge, roadway grades are limited to 3% or less.<a href="#cite_note-CHPW1953-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-CHPW-19540304-1">[1]</a> As completed, the bridge has two decks each capable of carrying three lanes of traffic. As of 2020, westbound traffic rides on the upper deck and is marked with two lanes of vehicle traffic, as well as a pedestrian/bicycle path separated from vehicles by a movable barrier. Eastbound traffic rides on the lower deck and features two lanes of vehicle traffic as well as a third lane that is activated during evening commute hours and serves as a shoulder when not in use. The extra lane features lights indicating that the lane is open or closed.<a href="#cite_note-3rdLane-59">[59]</a> The third lane has been used for various purposes other than traffic, such as carrying a water pipeline during a drought. The bridge stands on 79 reinforced concrete piers supported on steel H-piles. Nine piers stand on land, eight are in cofferdams near the Contra Costa terminus, and the remaining 62 are bell-type piers with a flared base.<a href="#cite_note-CHPW-19540304-1">[1]</a> The original deck was a 5.5-inch (140 mm) thick reinforced concrete slab, with a mortar wearing surface 0.5 inches (13 mm) thick.<a href="#cite_note-CHPW-19540708-60">[60]</a> To facilitate maintenance, the bridge was designed with two 2.5 inches (64 mm) lines (carrying compressed air and potable water) extending from end to end. Each deck was also equipped with three overhead maintenance tracks.<a href="#cite_note-CHPW-19540708-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transit_service">Public transit service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Public transit service">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Transit" title="Golden Gate Transit">Golden Gate Transit</a> bus route 580 provides public transportation across the bridge. Formerly route 40, it runs between the <a href="/wiki/San_Rafael_Transit_Center" title="San Rafael Transit Center">San Rafael Transit Center</a> and the <a href="/wiki/El_Cerrito_del_Norte_(BART_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="El Cerrito del Norte (BART station)">El Cerrito del Norte BART station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Golden Gate Transit Route 42, which provided service to <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Station_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond Station (California)">Richmond BART/Amtrak</a> station, was folded into route 40 in December 2015 that was later redesignated line 580, after the freeway on which it crosses the bay.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tolls">Tolls</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tolls">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caltrans_District4_7916D003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Caltrans_District4_7916D003.jpg/200px-Caltrans_District4_7916D003.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Caltrans_District4_7916D003.jpg/300px-Caltrans_District4_7916D003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Caltrans_District4_7916D003.jpg/400px-Caltrans_District4_7916D003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Toll plaza at Richmond in 2006 before newest reconstruction</figcaption></figure> Tolls are only collected from westbound traffic headed to San Rafael at the toll plaza on the east side of the bridge. <a href="/wiki/All-electronic_tolling" class="mw-redirect" title="All-electronic tolling">All-electronic tolling</a> has been in effect since 2020, and drivers may either pay using the <a href="/wiki/FasTrak" title="FasTrak">FasTrak</a> electronic toll collection device, using the license plate tolling program, or via a one time payment online. Effective January 1, 2022 – December 31, 2024 (2022-01-01 – 2024-12-31), the toll rate for passenger cars is $7. During peak traffic hours, <a href="/wiki/Carpool" title="Carpool">carpool</a> vehicles carrying three or more people, clean air vehicles, or motorcycles may pay a discounted toll of $3.50 if they have FasTrak and use the designated carpool lane. Drivers must pay within 48 hours after crossing the bridge or they will be sent a toll violation invoice. No additional fees will be added to the toll violation if it is paid within 21 days.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_toll_rates">Historical toll rates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Historical toll rates">edit</a>]</div> The following initial toll rates were adopted on July 10, 1956, prior to the opening of the bridge: <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Inaugural toll schedule<a href="#cite_note-CHPW1956-0708-43">[43]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Vehicle type </th> <th scope="col">Axles/trailers </th> <th scope="col">Toll </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Class 1<a href="#cite_note-64">[a]</a> </th> <td>vehicle alone </td> <td>US$0.75 (equivalent to $8.41 in 2023)<a href="#cite_note-66">[b]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Commutation book<a href="#cite_note-67">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[d]</a> </td> <td>US$18.75 (equivalent to $210.13 in 2023) </td></tr> <tr> <td>with 1-axle trailer </td> <td>US$1.25 (equivalent to $14.01 in 2023) </td></tr> <tr> <td>with 2-axle trailer </td> <td>US$1.50 (equivalent to $16.81 in 2023) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6">Truck<a href="#cite_note-69">[e]</a> </th> <td>2-axle </td> <td>US$1.25 (equivalent to $14.01 in 2023) </td></tr> <tr> <td>3-axle </td> <td>US$1.75 (equivalent to $19.61 in 2023) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4-axle </td> <td>US$2.50 (equivalent to $28.02 in 2023) </td></tr> <tr> <td>5-axle </td> <td>US$3.00 (equivalent to $33.62 in 2023) </td></tr> <tr> <td>6-axle </td> <td>US$3.50 (equivalent to $39.22 in 2023) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7-axle </td> <td>US$4.00 (equivalent to $44.83 in 2023) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Bus </th> <td>2-axle </td> <td>US$1.50 (equivalent to $16.81 in 2023) </td></tr> <tr> <td>3-axle </td> <td>US$1.75 (equivalent to $19.61 in 2023) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Other vehicles not specified above </td> <td>US$5.00 (equivalent to $56.03 in 2023) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">Inaugural toll table notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Class 1 vehicles are defined as: automobiles, motorcycles, tri-cars, light delivery automobiles, ambulances, hearses, housecars, noncommercial trucks, station wagons, and taxis. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Motorcycle toll was initially proposed as US$0.25 (equivalent to $2.8 in 2023), but Norman Raab successfully argued the tight pants worn by motorcyclists meant the driver would have to dismount to retrieve the coins for the toll.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Commutation books were sold with 50 one-way tickets good for a single passage at any time during the two consecutive calendar months, or fractional part thereof, for which sold. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Any Class 1 vehicle, with the exception of light delivery automobiles and noncommercial trucks, was eligible for the commutation book. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> A truck shall include a truck-tractor, or any combination of truck, truck-tractor and trailer or semitrailer </li> </ol></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge.jpg/220px-Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge.jpg/330px-Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge.jpg/440px-Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Westbound terminus of the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge in sunset, 2006</figcaption></figure> The basic toll (for automobiles) on the seven state bridges, including the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge, was raised to $1 by Regional Measure 1, approved by Bay Area voters in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-70">[65]</a> A $1 seismic retrofit surcharge was added in 1998 by the state legislature, originally for eight years, but since then extended to December 2037 (AB1171, October 2001).<a href="#cite_note-AB1171-71">[66]</a> On March 2, 2004, voters approved Regional Measure 2, raising the toll by another dollar to a total of $3. An additional dollar was added to the toll starting January 1, 2007, to cover cost overruns concerning the replacement of the eastern span. The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Commission_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="Metropolitan Transportation Commission (San Francisco Bay Area)">Metropolitan Transportation Commission</a>, a regional transportation agency, in its capacity as the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Toll_Authority" title="Bay Area Toll Authority">Bay Area Toll Authority</a>, administers RM1 and RM2 funds, allocating a significant portion to public transit capital improvements and operating subsidies in the transportation corridors the bridges serve. Caltrans administers the "second dollar" seismic surcharge, and receives some of the MTC-administered funds to perform other maintenance work on the bridges. The Bay Area Toll Authority is made up of appointed officials put in place by various city and county governments, and is not subject to direct voter oversight.<a href="#cite_note-72">[67]</a> Due to further funding shortages for seismic retrofit projects, the Bay Area Toll Authority again raised tolls on all seven of the state-owned bridges in July 2010. The toll rate for autos on the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge was thus increased to $5.<a href="#cite_note-73">[68]</a> In June 2018, Bay Area voters approved Regional Measure 3 to further raise the tolls on all seven of the state-owned bridges to fund $4.5 billion worth of transportation improvements in the area.<a href="#cite_note-74">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[70]</a> Under the passed measure, the toll rate for autos on the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge will be increased to $6 on January 1, 2019; to $7 on January 1, 2022; and then to $8 on January 1, 2025.<a href="#cite_note-76">[71]</a> In September 2019, the MTC approved a $4 million plan to eliminate toll takers and convert all seven of the state-owned bridges to <a href="/wiki/All-electronic_tolling" class="mw-redirect" title="All-electronic tolling">all-electronic tolling</a>, citing that 80 percent of drivers are now using Fastrak and the change would improve traffic flow.<a href="#cite_note-77">[72]</a> On March 20, 2020, accelerated by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, all-electronic tolling was placed in effect for all seven state-owned toll bridges.<a href="#cite_note-78">[73]</a> The MTC then installed new systems at all seven bridges to make them permanently cashless by the start of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-79">[74]</a> In April 2022, the Bay Area Toll Authority announced plans to remove all remaining unused toll booths and create an open-road tolling system which functions at highway speeds.<a href="#cite_note-80">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Improvements">Improvements</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Improvements">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seismic_retrofit">Seismic retrofit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Seismic retrofit">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R-SR_Pier_Seismic_Reconstruction_Compared.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/R-SR_Pier_Seismic_Reconstruction_Compared.png/250px-R-SR_Pier_Seismic_Reconstruction_Compared.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/R-SR_Pier_Seismic_Reconstruction_Compared.png/375px-R-SR_Pier_Seismic_Reconstruction_Compared.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/R-SR_Pier_Seismic_Reconstruction_Compared.png/500px-R-SR_Pier_Seismic_Reconstruction_Compared.png 2x" data-file-width="1288" data-file-height="926" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of piers at eastern cantilever span in 2003 before reconstruction (top) and at western cantilever span in 2011 after reconstruction (bottom).</figcaption></figure> In the fall of 2001, the bridge commenced an extensive <a href="/wiki/Seismic_retrofit" title="Seismic retrofit">seismic retrofit</a> program,<a href="#cite_note-Welcome-Retrofit-81">[76]</a> similar to other bridges in the area.<a href="#cite_note-sfgate-82">[77]</a> The retrofit was designed by a three-way joint venture between <a href="/wiki/COWI_A/S" title="COWI A/S">Gerwick</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sverdrup_%26_Parcel" title="Sverdrup & Parcel">Sverdrup</a>/<a href="/wiki/AECOM" title="AECOM">DMJM</a> under a US$19,000,000 (equivalent to $38,000,000 in 2023) design contract awarded in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-Ger9509-83">[78]</a> The retrofit is intended to allow the two-tier bridge to withstand a 7.4 magnitude earthquake on the <a href="/wiki/Hayward_Fault_Zone" title="Hayward Fault Zone">Hayward Fault</a> and an 8.3 magnitude quake on the <a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas Fault</a>. The foundation piers were strengthened by wrapping the lower section of structural steel in a concrete casing, installing new shear piles, and adding bracing to the structural steel towers.<a href="#cite_note-84">[79]</a> Isolation joints and bearings were also added to the main bridge structures (cantilever spans over the navigation channels) to strengthen the structure.<a href="#cite_note-85">[80]</a> The fifty-year-old bridge was showing its age and also needed age-related maintenance, which was performed in conjunction with the seismic upgrade work. There were reports of cars being damaged while traveling on the lower deck by fist-sized concrete chunks falling from the joints of upper deck slabs. A major part of the retrofit involved the long concrete causeway on the Marin side, which as part of the retrofit program, was nearly completely replaced. Because of the active use of the bridge, Caltrans designed the project to allow the bridge to remain open to traffic. For economy, schedule efficiency and traffic impact mitigation, much of the repair work was fabricated off site and shipped to the bridge by barge. To reduce impacts to traffic the major work was performed at night. Caltrans kept two lanes of traffic moving in each direction during daylight hours, then reduced that flow to a single lane in each direction at night. Thus, one trestle was completely closed, and the other trestle had two-way traffic. The concrete segments of the trestle were precast in <a href="/wiki/Petaluma,_California" title="Petaluma, California">Petaluma</a> and barged to the site. At monthly intervals, tugs positioned barges with one or two 100-foot-long (30 m), 500-ton pre-cast concrete roadway segments, which a 900-ton barge-mounted crane lifted into place. Earlier, either two or four of the corroded, 50-foot (15 m) concrete segments of the old roadway were removed by crane. Then, a pile driver moved into position and drove new piles. After the new concrete road segment was in place, steel plates were used to temporarily fill the gaps, and the roadway was ready for morning traffic. At times, construction backed up traffic to Highway 101 into central San Rafael. The completion of this retrofit, on September 22, 2005, was celebrated as a success despite the many challenges, including the deaths of two workers. The retrofit was originally estimated by Caltrans engineers at US$329,000,000 (equivalent to $601,700,000 in 2023),<a href="#cite_note-sfgate-82">[77]</a> but Caltrans adjusted the estimate to US$393,272,000 (equivalent to $695,800,000 in 2023) in 2000 during the bidding process.<a href="#cite_note-Bid-Summary-86">[81]</a> While most of the resulting bids were close to US$545,000,000 (equivalent to $964,300,000 in 2023), the low bid came in at US$484,403,479 (equivalent to $857,000,000 in 2023) from the Tutor-Saliba/Koch/Tidewater Joint Venture.<a href="#cite_note-Bid-Summary-86">[81]</a> Caltrans revised their estimate to US$665,000,000 (equivalent to $1,144,300,000 in 2023) in May 2001 when more funds were appropriated for California's Toll Bridge Seismic Retrofit Program in Assembly Bill 1171.<a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a> The cost was again adjusted during an August 2004 review by Caltrans, this time to US$914,000,000 (equivalent to $1,474,400,000 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-programreport-88">[83]</a> The final cost of the retrofit, however, was $778 million, or $136 million below this August 2004 estimate.<a href="#cite_note-programreport-88">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_lanes">Third lanes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Third lanes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_Bike_Path.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_Bike_Path.jpg/220px-Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_Bike_Path.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_Bike_Path.jpg/330px-Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_Bike_Path.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_Bike_Path.jpg/440px-Richmond_San_Rafael_Bridge_Bike_Path.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="2080" /></a><figcaption>The protected bike/pedestrian path on the upper deck of the bridge</figcaption></figure> In both directions, the bridge is wide enough to accommodate three lanes of traffic. The bridge previously operated with all three lanes in both directions opened to traffic after the lower deck was completed in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-SFE1957-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-PT1957-49">[49]</a> Currently the third lane on the lower deck is used as a right-hand shoulder or a "breakdown lane" and is marked along the bridge with the signs "Emergency Parking Only". The third lane on the upper deck is a separated bicycle and pedestrian path.<a href="#cite_note-bike-89">[84]</a> In 1977, Marin County was suffering one of its worst droughts in history. A temporary on-surface pipeline, six miles (10 km) long, was placed in the third lane. The pipe transferred 8,000,000 gallons of water a day from the <a href="/wiki/East_Bay_Municipal_Utility_District" title="East Bay Municipal Utility District">East Bay Municipal Utility District</a>'s mains in Richmond to Marin's 170,000 residents. By 1978, the drought subsided and the pipeline was removed. The disused third lane was then restriped as a shoulder. In 1989, after the <a href="/wiki/Loma_Prieta_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="Loma Prieta earthquake">Loma Prieta earthquake</a>, the third lane was opened up as a normal lane to accommodate increased traffic after the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">Bay Bridge</a> was shut down because of a failure of that span.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Many commuters from San Francisco drove across the Golden Gate Bridge into Marin and then across the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge to go to Oakland (and vice versa). After the Bay Bridge was reopened, the third lane was again closed. On February 11, 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Toll_Authority" title="Bay Area Toll Authority">Bay Area Toll Authority</a> approved a plan to install a protected bike and pedestrian path on the wide shoulder of the upper deck of the bridge. The path was expected to be complete in 2017,<a href="#cite_note-bike-89">[84]</a> however it opened on November 16, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-90">[85]</a> As part of the same project, a third eastbound lane<a href="#cite_note-91">[86]</a> was added the previous year on the lower deck to be available for evening commutes.<a href="#cite_note-3rdLane-59">[59]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:508px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge_wide.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from the east end of the bridge (Richmond) looking southwest toward Southern Marin. San Quentin State Prison is at the far end of the bridge (San Rafael), just beyond the edge of the picture on the right. Top right above the bridge is Mount Tamalpais. The broken pilings in the water in the middle left of the picture are the remains of the pier where the Richmond–San Rafael ferry docked before the bridge was built."><img alt="Looking west, across the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge_wide.jpg/500px-Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge_wide.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge_wide.jpg/750px-Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge_wide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge_wide.jpg/1000px-Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge_wide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2266" data-file-height="1120" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Richmond-San_Rafeal_Bridge_wide.jpg" title="File:Richmond-San Rafeal Bridge wide.jpg"> </a></div>View from the east end of the bridge (Richmond) looking southwest toward Southern Marin. San Quentin State Prison is at the far end of the bridge (San Rafael), just beyond the edge of the picture on the right. Top right above the bridge is Mount Tamalpais. The broken pilings in the water in the middle left of the picture are the remains of the pier where the Richmond–San Rafael ferry docked before the bridge was built.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Closures">Closures</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Closures">edit</a>]</div> Like most San Francisco Bay bridges, the Richmond–San Rafael is subject to closure in the event of strong crosswinds. The bridge has been closed due to wind at least three times: in 1963,<a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a> in the late '70s,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-93">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[89]</a> On February 7, 2019, the bridge was closed for several hours due to concrete falling from the upper deck to the lower.<a href="#cite_note-95">[90]</a> On July 21, 2023, the bridge was closed in the eastbound direction for more than 19 hours due to a disturbed person on the bridge; the goal of this closure was to "not cause him to jump off or cause him to fall into the water and also keeping that communication open." The bridge reopened following the man's rescue.<a href="#cite_note-96">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture_and_film">In popular culture and film</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In popular culture and film">edit</a>]</div> The novel Abuse of Power by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Savage" title="Michael Savage">Michael Savage</a> has several important scenes set on the bridge. In one, the hero Jack Hatfield escapes his enemies by climbing the work ladders built into the piers. In the film <a href="/wiki/Magnum_Force" title="Magnum Force">Magnum Force</a>, the bridge is in the background when Dirty Harry and the rookie cop are on motorcycles on the ship's decks where they attempt to subdue each other.<a href="#cite_note-97">[92]</a> The bridge is also visible in the 1982 film <a href="/wiki/48_Hours_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="48 Hours (film)">48 Hours</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CHPW-19540304-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CHPW-19540304_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CHPW-19540304_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CHPW-19540304_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CHPW-19540304_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CHPW-19540304_1-4">e</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRaab,_Norman_A.1954" class="citation journal cs1">Raab, Norman A. (March–April 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraryarchives.metro.net/DPGTL/Californiahighways/chpw_1954_marapr.pdf">"Pier Construction: Rapid Progress on Richmond-San Rafael Bridge Project"</a> (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. 33 (3–4). California Department of Public Works: 20–25, 32–33, 64. Retrieved February 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Highways+and+Public+Works&rft.atitle=Pier+Construction%3A+Rapid+Progress+on+Richmond-San+Rafael+Bridge+Project&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=20-25%2C+32-33%2C+64&rft.date=1954-03%2F1954-04&rft.au=Raab%2C+Norman+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibraryarchives.metro.net%2FDPGTL%2FCaliforniahighways%2Fchpw_1954_marapr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrado,_Mark2015" class="citation news cs1">Prado, Mark (August 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinij.com/article/NO/20150809/NEWS/150809801">"Richmond-San Rafael Bridge Traffic volume hits five-year high"</a>. Marin Independent Journal. 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Retrieved February 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Highways+and+Public+Works&rft.atitle=New+Bay+Crossing%3A+Story+of+the+Richmond-San+Rafael+Bridge&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=11%E2%80%9312&rft.pages=1-6%2C+64&rft.date=1953-11%2F1953-12&rft.au=Raab%2C+Norman+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibraryarchives.metro.net%2FDPGTL%2FCaliforniahighways%2Fchpw_1953_novdec.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CHPW1956-0708-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CHPW1956-0708_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CHPW1956-0708_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CHPW1956-0708_43-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaab,_Norman_C.1956" class="citation journal cs1">Raab, Norman C. (July–August 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraryarchives.metro.net/DPGTL/Californiahighways/chpw_1956_julaug.pdf">"Record Span New Crossing: Richmond-San Rafael Bridge About Ready for Traffic"</a> (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. 35 (7–8). California Department of Public Works: 1–4, 22. Retrieved February 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Highways+and+Public+Works&rft.atitle=Record+Span+New+Crossing%3A+Richmond-San+Rafael+Bridge+About+Ready+for+Traffic&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=7%E2%80%938&rft.pages=1-4%2C+22&rft.date=1956-07%2F1956-08&rft.au=Raab%2C+Norman+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibraryarchives.metro.net%2FDPGTL%2FCaliforniahighways%2Fchpw_1956_julaug.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BridgeTheBay-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BridgeTheBay_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BridgeTheBay_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/news_events/bridge/rsr.html">"Bridging the Bay: Bridging the Campus - Richmond-San Rafael"</a>. UC Berkeley Library. December 22, 1999. Retrieved February 24, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UC+Berkeley+Library&rft.atitle=Bridging+the+Bay%3A+Bridging+the+Campus+-+Richmond-San+Rafael&rft.date=1999-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.berkeley.edu%2Fnews_events%2Fbridge%2Frsr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner/128600924/">"Span Open Month Early"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Examiner" title="San Francisco Examiner">San Francisco Examiner</a>. August 30, 1956. p. 54. Retrieved July 23, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Span+Open+Month+Early&rft.pages=54&rft.date=1956-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-san-francisco-examiner%2F128600924%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zCEhAAAAIBAJ&pg=2923%2C2231090">"Frisco Adds Another Bridge To Skyline"</a>. Sarasota Herald-Tribune. August 16, 1956. Retrieved March 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sarasota+Herald-Tribune&rft.atitle=Frisco+Adds+Another+Bridge+To+Skyline&rft.date=1956-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DzCEhAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2923%252C2231090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nORQAAAAIBAJ&pg=7048%2C1698009">"Straits Bridge Claim Challenged on Coast"</a>. The Milwaukee Journal. June 24, 1958. Retrieved March 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Milwaukee+Journal&rft.atitle=Straits+Bridge+Claim+Challenged+on+Coast&rft.date=1958-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DnORQAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7048%252C1698009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-SFE1957-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFE1957_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFE1957_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner/128600971/">"Span Work Completed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Examiner" title="San Francisco Examiner">San Francisco Examiner</a>. August 18, 1957. p. 21. Retrieved July 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Span+Work+Completed&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1957-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-san-francisco-examiner%2F128600971%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-PT1957-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PT1957_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PT1957_49-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-press-tribune/128601136/">"Bridge deck opens"</a>. The Press-Tribune. August 20, 1957. p. 2. Retrieved July 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bridge+deck+opens&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1957-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-press-tribune%2F128601136%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSeim-50"><a href="#cite_ref-CSeim_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeim,_Chuck2013" class="citation interview cs1">Seim, Chuck (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/roho/ucb/text/seim_chuck.pdf">"Charles Seim: The Bay Bridge Oral History Project"</a> (PDF) (Interview). Interviewed by Sam Redman. Berkeley: The Bancroft Library, University of California. p. 21. Retrieved February 6, 2015. <q>When it comes to the Richmond-San Rafael designed by Norman C. Raab, first of all, it zigzags because of the two alignments of the navigation channels. It goes up, and then it sags down, and then it goes up. The cardinal rule of aesthetics in a bridge is it has to soar. You can't sag it in the middle. The other is it connects from here to there as a straight line or as a curve line. You don't make an "S" out of it. Those violate both of those very strong principles. This engineer [Raab] was soundly criticized for creating this ugly bridge. Of course, his defense was, "I saved a million dollars by putting the sag in it." Which is probably true.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Seim%3A+The+Bay+Bridge+Oral+History+Project&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=The+Bancroft+Library%2C+University+of+California&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Seim%2C+Chuck&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu%2Froho%2Fucb%2Ftext%2Fseim_chuck.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrado,_Mark2006" class="citation news cs1">Prado, Mark (September 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinij.com/article/ZZ/20060901/NEWS/609019964">"With little fanfare..."</a> Marin Independent Journal. Retrieved February 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marin+Independent+Journal&rft.atitle=With+little+fanfare...&rft.date=2006-09-01&rft.au=Prado%2C+Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinij.com%2Farticle%2FZZ%2F20060901%2FNEWS%2F609019964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Interview with Chuck Seim (2013), p. 8 & 30. "Now, the twin spans, they were spanned by what we call a steel cantilever span. But the interesting thing is that these shipping channels were not parallel to one another. They angled." </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Interview with Chuck Seim (2013), p. 20. "Of course, everybody criticized the truss bridge on the Richmond-San Rafael, that Raab designed and they said, 'We don't want an ugly truss here.' [...] Well, if you had to award the ugliest bridge in the world, I think the Richmond-San Rafael would certainly be in the running. If not the first one, then top three. It is an ugly bridge. But that's a story that maybe we shouldn't get into. It was driven by economics, and it was driven by the obstinance of this one engineer that I referred to. He wouldn't change. He then proposed a truss for the Hayward area, and everybody said, 'No, we don't want that. It's an ugly bridge.' He said, 'Well, it's the most economical.'" </li> <li id="cite_note-TYLin-54"><a href="#cite_ref-TYLin_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLin,_TY1999" class="citation interview cs1">Lin, TY (1999). "VIII Developing Prestressed Concrete Technology: The Richmond-San Rafael Bridge: Misjudgment to Save Money". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt4w1003s9&chunk.id=d0e11453">""The Father of Prestressed Concrete": Teaching Engineers, Bridging Rivers and Borders, 1931 to 1999"</a> (Interview). Interviewed by Eleanor Swent. Berkeley: The Regents of the University of California. Retrieved February 24, 2016. <q>Lin: So, one architect asked [Wright], "What do you think of the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge?" "I think it should be sabotaged!" He meant that it should be bombed, it's so ugly looking.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=VIII+Developing+Prestressed+Concrete+Technology%3A+The+Richmond-San+Rafael+Bridge%3A+Misjudgment+to+Save+Money&rft.btitle=%22The+Father+of+Prestressed+Concrete%22%3A+Teaching+Engineers%2C+Bridging+Rivers+and+Borders%2C+1931+to+1999&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=The+Regents+of+the+University+of+California&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Lin%2C+TY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.cdlib.org%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dkt4w1003s9%26chunk.id%3Dd0e11453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SCS19530501.1.6">"Architect Chides Design Of New North Bay Bridge"</a>. Santa Cruz Sentinel. AP. May 1, 1953. Retrieved July 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Santa+Cruz+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Architect+Chides+Design+Of+New+North+Bay+Bridge&rft.date=1953-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DSCS19530501.1.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Interview with Chuck Seim (2013), pp. 8–10. "Everybody working on that bridge - I think it's safe to say all the higher-echelon engineers - were the same engineers that worked on the San Francisco Bay Bridge. I had a chance to work with engineers who actually worked on the San Francisco Bay Bridge, and I used to read about that when I was a kid." </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Interview with Chuck Seim (2013), p. 30. "In 1956, the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge was opened. An interesting thing about that is that most of the senior engineers that worked on the Bay Bridge stayed over in San Francisco and worked on the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, because they both used the same technology, with some minor variations." </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/tollbridge/Rich-SR/Rich-layout.pdf">"Pier and Bent Layout: Richmond-San Rafael Bridge (Sheet No. RS-224)"</a> (PDF). Caltrans. Retrieved February 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caltrans&rft.atitle=Pier+and+Bent+Layout%3A+Richmond-San+Rafael+Bridge+%28Sheet+No.+RS-224%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dot.ca.gov%2Fhq%2Fesc%2Ftollbridge%2FRich-SR%2FRich-layout.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3rdLane-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-3rdLane_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-3rdLane_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrado2018" class="citation news cs1">Prado, Mark (April 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2018/04/23/third-lane-on-richmond-san-rafael-bridge-open-for-business/">"Third lane on Richmond-San Rafael Bridge open for business"</a>. East Bay Times. 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Retrieved March 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+of+California+Department+of+Transportation&rft.atitle=Bid+Summary%2C+Contract+No.+04-0438U4&rft.date=2000-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dot.ca.gov%2Fhq%2Fesc%2Ftollbridge%2FRich-SR%2F0438U4%2Fdocs%2Fbidsummary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalifornia_State_Assembly" class="citation web cs1">California State Assembly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/content/statutes-and-amendments-codes-2001?archive_type=statutes">" Session of the Legislature"</a>. Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 907 p. 7396.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statutes+of+California&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3E+Session+of+the+Legislature&rft.pages=Ch.+907+p.+7396&rft.au=California+State+Assembly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclerk.assembly.ca.gov%2Fcontent%2Fstatutes-and-amendments-codes-2001%3Farchive_type%3Dstatutes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/01-02/bill/asm/ab_1151-1200/ab_1171_bill_20011014_chaptered.html">"Assembly Bill 1171"</a> (PDF). California Legislative Information. Retrieved November 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assembly+Bill+1171&rft.pub=California+Legislative+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leginfo.ca.gov%2Fpub%2F01-02%2Fbill%2Fasm%2Fab_1151-1200%2Fab_1171_bill_20011014_chaptered.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-programreport-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-programreport_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-programreport_88-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalifornia_Department_of_Transportation" class="citation web cs1">California Department of Transportation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dot.ca.gov/baybridge/seismic_retrofit_program_reports/TBSRPSecondQuarterReportEndingJune302005.pdf">"Toll Bridge Seismic Retrofit Program Report, Second Quarter 2005"</a> (PDF). Retrieved November 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toll+Bridge+Seismic+Retrofit+Program+Report%2C+Second+Quarter+2005&rft.au=California+Department+of+Transportation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dot.ca.gov%2Fbaybridge%2Fseismic_retrofit_program_reports%2FTBSRPSecondQuarterReportEndingJune302005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bike-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bike_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bike_89-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivera" class="citation web cs1">Rivera, Renee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bikeeastbay.org/news/richmond-san-rafael-bridge-bike-path-approved">"Richmond-San Rafael Bridge Bike Path approved"</a>. bikeeastbay.org. East Bay Bicycle Coalition. Retrieved August 5, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bikeeastbay.org&rft.atitle=Richmond-San+Rafael+Bridge+Bike+Path+approved&rft.aulast=Rivera&rft.aufirst=Renee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbikeeastbay.org%2Fnews%2Frichmond-san-rafael-bridge-bike-path-approved&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/11/17/long-awaited-richmond-san-rafael-bridge-transbay-bike-lane-opens/">"Long-awaited Richmond-San Rafael Bridge transbay bike lane opens – The Mercury News"</a>. November 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Long-awaited+Richmond-San+Rafael+Bridge+transbay+bike+lane+opens+%E2%80%93+The+Mercury+News&rft.date=2019-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2019%2F11%2F17%2Flong-awaited-richmond-san-rafael-bridge-transbay-bike-lane-opens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrado2015" class="citation news cs1">Prado, Mark (February 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinij.com/general-news/20150211/big-changes-planned-for-richmond-san-rafael-bridge">"Big changes planned for Richmond-San Rafael Bridge"</a>. Marin Independent Journal. 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Retrieved April 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Bernardino+Sun&rft.atitle=Storm%2C+Wind+Lash+Bay+City&rft.date=1963-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcdnc%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DSBS19630131.1.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpshaw2008" class="citation news cs1">Upshaw, Jennifer (January 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=AWNB&docref=news/11DFD6D5C19B3D58">"Marin takes a beating during powerful second storm"</a>. Marin Independent Journal. Retrieved February 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marin+Independent+Journal&rft.atitle=Marin+takes+a+beating+during+powerful+second+storm&rft.date=2008-01-04&rft.aulast=Upshaw&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fdocument-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews%2F11DFD6D5C19B3D58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrado2008" class="citation news cs1">Prado, Mark (January 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=AWNB&docref=news/11DFD6D5EABB4908">"Windy storm shuts down major roads for hours"</a>. Marin Independent Journal. Retrieved February 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marin+Independent+Journal&rft.atitle=Windy+storm+shuts+down+major+roads+for+hours&rft.date=2008-01-04&rft.aulast=Prado&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fdocument-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews%2F11DFD6D5EABB4908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/traffic/article/580-richmond-san-rafael-bridge-closed-concrete-13598563.php">Falling concrete closes Richmond-San Rafael Bridge in both directions</a> February 7, 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBay_City_News2023" class="citation news cs1">Bay City News (July 22, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/east-bay/richmond-san-rafael-bridge-reopens/3278598/">"Eastbound Richmond-San Rafael Bridge reopens after 19-hour traffic nightmare"</a>. NBC Bay Area. Retrieved July 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+Bay+Area&rft.atitle=Eastbound+Richmond-San+Rafael+Bridge+reopens+after+19-hour+traffic+nightmare&rft.date=2023-07-22&rft.au=Bay+City+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcbayarea.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Feast-bay%2Frichmond-san-rafael-bridge-reopens%2F3278598%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Scene 34. Not Enough Experience. Magnum Force </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Bridge&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richmond-San_Rafael_Bridge" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Richmond-San Rafael Bridge">Richmond-San Rafael Bridge</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayareafastrak.org/">Bay Area FasTrak</a> – includes toll information on this and the other Bay Area toll facilities</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinij.com/marin/ci_4271565">With Little Fanfare... Marin IJ article on the 50th anniversary of the bridge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926231234/http://www.marinij.com/marin/ci_4271565">Archived</a> September 26, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtc.ca.gov/news/info/RSR_bridge.htm">Richmond–San Rafael Bridge Retrofit Completed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060425184836/http://www.mtc.ca.gov/news/info/RSR_bridge.htm">Archived</a> April 25, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/tollbridge/Rich-SR/Rich-SR.html">Caltrans Seismic Retrofit overview</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/traffops/hwybrdg/tollbridge/History/richmond.html">California Dept. of Transportation: Richmond–San Rafael Bridge History & Information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=20000539">Richmond–San Rafael Bridge</a> at <a href="/wiki/Structurae" title="Structurae">Structurae</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/news_events/exhibits/bridge/rsr.html">Univ. of California, Berkeley: Bridging the Bay: Richmond–San Rafael Bridge</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinbike.org/Campaigns/Infrastructure/RSRBridge.shtml">Decades of Struggle for Bicycle Access</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bata.mtc.ca.gov/bridges/richmond-sr.htm">Bay Area Toll Authority—Bridge Facts—Richmond–San Rafael Bridge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080412200913/http://bata.mtc.ca.gov/bridges/richmond-sr.htm">Archived</a> April 12, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/189372">Footage of the official bridge opening ceremony from September 1956</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/schuberts/5129108197">Eastern cantilever span from Point Richmond looking West</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaab,_Norman_A.1953" class="citation journal cs1">Raab, Norman A. (November–December 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraryarchives.metro.net/DPGTL/Californiahighways/chpw_1953_novdec.pdf">"New Bay Crossing: Story of the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge"</a> (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. California Department of Public Works: 1–6, 64. Retrieved February 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Highways+and+Public+Works&rft.atitle=New+Bay+Crossing%3A+Story+of+the+Richmond-San+Rafael+Bridge&rft.pages=1-6%2C+64&rft.date=1953-11%2F1953-12&rft.au=Raab%2C+Norman+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibraryarchives.metro.net%2FDPGTL%2FCaliforniahighways%2Fchpw_1953_novdec.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaab,_Norman_A.1954" class="citation journal cs1">Raab, Norman A. (March–April 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraryarchives.metro.net/DPGTL/Californiahighways/chpw_1954_marapr.pdf">"Pier Construction: Rapid Progress on Richmond-San Rafael Bridge Project"</a> (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. California Department of Public Works: 20–25, 32–33, 64. Retrieved February 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Highways+and+Public+Works&rft.atitle=Pier+Construction%3A+Rapid+Progress+on+Richmond-San+Rafael+Bridge+Project&rft.pages=20-25%2C+32-33%2C+64&rft.date=1954-03%2F1954-04&rft.au=Raab%2C+Norman+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibraryarchives.metro.net%2FDPGTL%2FCaliforniahighways%2Fchpw_1954_marapr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaab,_Norman_C.1954" class="citation journal cs1">Raab, Norman C. (July–August 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraryarchives.metro.net/DPGTL/Californiahighways/chpw_1954_julaug.pdf">"Bridge Innovations: New Operation Facilities On Richmond-San Rafael Span"</a> (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. California Department of Public Works: 14–15, 32–33. Retrieved February 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Highways+and+Public+Works&rft.atitle=Bridge+Innovations%3A+New+Operation+Facilities+On+Richmond-San+Rafael+Span&rft.pages=14-15%2C+32-33&rft.date=1954-07%2F1954-08&rft.au=Raab%2C+Norman+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibraryarchives.metro.net%2FDPGTL%2FCaliforniahighways%2Fchpw_1954_julaug.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaab,_Norman_C.1956" class="citation journal cs1">Raab, Norman C. (July–August 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraryarchives.metro.net/DPGTL/Californiahighways/chpw_1956_julaug.pdf">"Record Span New Crossing: Richmond-San Rafael Bridge About Ready for Traffic"</a> (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. California Department of Public Works: 1–4, 22. Retrieved February 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Highways+and+Public+Works&rft.atitle=Record+Span+New+Crossing%3A+Richmond-San+Rafael+Bridge+About+Ready+for+Traffic&rft.pages=1-4%2C+22&rft.date=1956-07%2F1956-08&rft.au=Raab%2C+Norman+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibraryarchives.metro.net%2FDPGTL%2FCaliforniahighways%2Fchpw_1956_julaug.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraryarchives.metro.net/DPGTL/Californiahighways/chpw_1957_novdec.pdf">"Freeway Approach to Bridge Opened in Marin County"</a> (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. California Department of Public Works: 29. November–December 1957. Retrieved February 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Highways+and+Public+Works&rft.atitle=Freeway+Approach+to+Bridge+Opened+in+Marin+County&rft.pages=29&rft.date=1957-11%2F1957-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibraryarchives.metro.net%2FDPGTL%2FCaliforniahighways%2Fchpw_1957_novdec.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaab,_N.C.1953" class="citation report cs1">Raab, N.C. (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000055913">Richmond-San Rafael Bridge report</a> (Report). Division of San Francisco Bay Toll Crossings. Retrieved July 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Richmond-San+Rafael+Bridge+report&rft.pub=Division+of+San+Francisco+Bay+Toll+Crossings&rft.date=1953&rft.au=Raab%2C+N.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F000055913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaab,_N.C.1953" class="citation report cs1">Raab, N.C. (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002026761">A preliminary report to Department of Public Works on a San Francisco-Tiburon crossing of San Francisco Bay</a> (Report). Division of San Francisco Bay Toll Crossings. Retrieved July 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=A+preliminary+report+to+Department+of+Public+Works+on+a+San+Francisco-Tiburon+crossing+of+San+Francisco+Bay&rft.pub=Division+of+San+Francisco+Bay+Toll+Crossings&rft.date=1953&rft.au=Raab%2C+N.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F002026761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%E2%80%93San+Rafael+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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id="Crossings_of_the_San_Francisco_Bay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Crossings of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr> <td width="33%">North <a href="/wiki/Carquinez_Bridge" title="Carquinez Bridge">Carquinez Bridge</a> <a href="/wiki/File:I-80_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interstate 80"><img alt="Interstate 80" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/I-80_%28CA%29.svg/20px-I-80_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/I-80_%28CA%29.svg/30px-I-80_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/I-80_%28CA%29.svg/40px-I-80_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td width="34%" style="border-left:1px solid #aaaaaa;border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa;">Richmond–San Rafael Bridge <a href="/wiki/File:I-580_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interstate 580"><img alt="Interstate 580" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/I-580_%28CA%29.svg/24px-I-580_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/I-580_%28CA%29.svg/36px-I-580_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/I-580_%28CA%29.svg/48px-I-580_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="401" /></a></td> <td width="33%">South <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a> <a href="/wiki/File:US_101_(1961_cutout).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="U.S. Route 101"><img alt="U.S. Route 101" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/US_101_%281961_cutout%29.svg/23px-US_101_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/US_101_%281961_cutout%29.svg/35px-US_101_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/US_101_%281961_cutout%29.svg/46px-US_101_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="384" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:California_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State Route 1"><img alt="State Route 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/California_1.svg/20px-California_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/California_1.svg/30px-California_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/California_1.svg/40px-California_1.svg.png 2x" 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.hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Richmond,_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Richmond,_California" title="Template:Richmond, California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Richmond,_California" title="Template talk:Richmond, California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Richmond,_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Richmond, California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Richmond,_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond, California</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Neighborhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atchison_Village,_Richmond,_California" title="Atchison Village, Richmond, California">Atchison Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brickyard_Cove,_Richmond,_California" title="Brickyard Cove, Richmond, California">Brickyard Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriage_Hills,_Richmond,_California" title="Carriage Hills, Richmond, California">Carriage Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_Bay,_Richmond,_California" title="Campus Bay, Richmond, California">Campus Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_Richmond_Refinery" title="Chevron Richmond Refinery">Chevron Richmond Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Richmond,_Richmond,_California" title="Downtown Richmond, Richmond, California">Downtown Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Sobrante_Hills" title="El Sobrante Hills">El Sobrante Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairmede-Hilltop,_Richmond,_California" title="Fairmede-Hilltop, Richmond, California">Hilltop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilltop_Green,_Richmond,_California" title="Hilltop Green, Richmond, California">Hilltop Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Triangle,_Richmond,_California" title="Iron Triangle, Richmond, California">Iron Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Bay,_Richmond,_California" title="Marina Bay, Richmond, California">Marina Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_%26_East,_Richmond,_California" title="North & East, Richmond, California">North & East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parchester_Village,_Richmond,_California" title="Parchester Village, Richmond, California">Parchester Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Isabel,_Richmond,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Point Isabel, Richmond, California">Point Isabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Richmond,_Richmond,_California" title="Point Richmond, Richmond, California">Point Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullman,_Richmond,_California" title="Pullman, Richmond, California">Pullman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Annex,_Richmond,_California" title="Richmond Annex, Richmond, California">Richmond Annex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Heights,_Richmond,_California" title="Richmond Heights, Richmond, California">Richmond Heights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Island_Regional_Preserve" title="Brooks Island Regional Preserve">Brooks Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaughlin_Eastshore_State_Park" title="McLaughlin Eastshore State Park">McLaughlin Eastshore State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Grove_Regional_Recreation_Area" title="Kennedy Grove Regional Recreation Area">Kennedy Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miller/Knox_Regional_Shoreline" title="Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline">Miller / Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Isabel_Regional_Shoreline" title="Point Isabel Regional Shoreline">Point Isabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Pinole_Regional_Shoreline" title="Point Pinole Regional Shoreline">Point Pinole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Molate_Beach_Park" title="Point Molate Beach Park">Point Molate Beach Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potrero_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Potrero Ridge">Potrero Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Rock_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Rock Cove">Red Rock Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Greenway" title="Richmond Greenway">Richmond Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_the_Riveter_World_War_II_Home_Front_National_Historical_Park" title="Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front National Historical Park">Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Peninsula" title="San Pablo Peninsula">San Pablo Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobrante_Ridge_Regional_Park" title="Sobrante Ridge Regional Park">Sobrante Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_Canyon_Regional_Park" title="Wildcat Canyon Regional Park">Wildcat Canyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Points of interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Brothers_(San_Francisco_Bay)" title="The Brothers (San Francisco Bay)">Brother Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castro_Rocks" title="Castro Rocks">Castro Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Brother_Island_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="East Brother Island Lighthouse">East Brother Island Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Richmond_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Richmond Plant">Ford Richmond Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_State_Model_Railroad_Museum" title="Golden State Model Railroad Museum">Golden State Model Railroad Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay_Science_and_Technology_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay Science and Technology Center">East Bay Science and Technology Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macdonald_80_Shopping_Center" title="Macdonald 80 Shopping Center">Macdonald 80 Shopping Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Masquers_Playhouse" title="The Masquers Playhouse">Masquers Playhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_Bank" title="Mechanics Bank">Mechanics Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_East_Mall" title="Pacific East Mall">Pacific East Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Plunge" title="The Plunge">The Plunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Molate_Naval_Fuel_Depot" title="Point Molate Naval Fuel Depot">Point Molate Naval Fuel Depot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Rock_Island" title="Red Rock Island">Red Rock Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Red_Oak_Victory" title="SS Red Oak Victory">SS Red Oak Victory Ship Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Country_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond Country Club">Richmond Country Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond Medical Center">Richmond Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Shipyards" title="Richmond Shipyards">Richmond Shipyards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Transit_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond Transit Village">Richmond Transit Village (Metro Walk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_County_Detention_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="West County Detention Center">West County Detention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winehaven,_California" title="Winehaven, California">Winehaven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_College" title="Contra Costa College">Contra Costa College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Contra_Costa_Unified_School_District" title="West Contra Costa Unified School District">West Contra Costa Unified School District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Anza_High_School" title="De Anza High School">De Anza High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_High_School_(Richmond,_California)" title="John F. Kennedy High School (Richmond, California)">John F. Kennedy High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_High_School_(Richmond,_California)" title="Richmond High School (Richmond, California)">Richmond High School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesian_College_Preparatory" title="Salesian College Preparatory">Salesian College Preparatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FCC200;">Public transit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AC_Transit" title="AC Transit">AC Transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Ferry_Terminal" title="Richmond Ferry Terminal">Richmond Ferry Terminal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Ferry" title="San Francisco Bay Ferry">San Francisco Bay Ferry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Parkway_Transit_Center" title="Richmond Parkway Transit Center">Richmond Parkway Transit Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_station_(California)" title="Richmond station (California)">Richmond station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit">BART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Zephyr" title="California Zephyr">California Zephyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Corridor" title="Capitol Corridor">Capitol Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquins" title="San Joaquins">San Joaquins</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FCC200;">Roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Street_(Richmond,_California)" title="23rd Street (Richmond, California)">23rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutting_Boulevard" title="Cutting Boulevard">Cutting Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_580_(California)" title="Interstate 580 (California)">I-580</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richmond–San Rafael Bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_80_in_California" title="Interstate 80 in California">I-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macdonald_Avenue" title="Macdonald Avenue">Macdonald Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Parkway_(California)" title="Richmond Parkway (California)">Richmond Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_123" title="California State Route 123">San Pablo Avenue (SR 123)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Richmond_(California)" title="Port of Richmond (California)">Port of Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Pacific_Railroad" title="Richmond Pacific Railroad">Richmond Pacific Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond%E2%80%93San_Rafael_Ferry_Company" title="Richmond–San Rafael Ferry Company">Richmond–San Rafael Ferry Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipyard_Railway" title="Shipyard Railway">Shipyard Railway</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Richmond,_California_municipal_elections" title="2006 Richmond, California municipal elections">2006 Richmond, California city election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Richmond,_California_municipal_elections" title="2014 Richmond, California municipal elections">2014 Richmond, California city election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California_City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond, California City Council">City Council</a></li> <li>Richmond Globe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Post" title="Richmond Post">Richmond Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Progressive_Alliance" title="Richmond Progressive Alliance">Richmond Progressive Alliance</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="San_Francisco_Bay_watershed" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #FCC200;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:San_Francisco_Bay_watershed" title="Template:San Francisco Bay watershed"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:San_Francisco_Bay_watershed" title="Template talk:San Francisco Bay watershed"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:San_Francisco_Bay_watershed" title="Special:EditPage/Template:San Francisco Bay watershed"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="San_Francisco_Bay_watershed" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a> <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">watershed</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Outline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrography_of_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Hydrography of the San Francisco Bay Area">Hydrography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_the_San_Francisco_Estuary" title="Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_watercourses_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area#San_Francisco_Bay_and_its_tributaries" title="List of watercourses in the San Francisco Bay Area">List of tributaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in the San Francisco Bay Area">List of lakes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:BayareaUSGS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Francisco Bay"><img alt="San Francisco Bay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/BayareaUSGS.jpg/100px-BayareaUSGS.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/BayareaUSGS.jpg/150px-BayareaUSGS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/BayareaUSGS.jpg/200px-BayareaUSGS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="798" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Major</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Suisun_Bay" title="Suisun Bay">Suisun Bay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Bay" title="San Pablo Bay">San Pablo Bay</a></dd> <dt>Minor</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate" title="Golden Gate">Golden Gate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Grizzly_Bay" title="Grizzly Bay">Grizzly Bay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richardson_Bay" title="Richardson Bay">Richardson Bay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Rafael_Bay" title="San Rafael Bay">San Rafael Bay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Inner_Harbor" title="Richmond Inner Harbor">Richmond Inner Harbor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Leandro_Bay" title="San Leandro Bay">San Leandro Bay</a></dd> <dt>Former</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yerba_Buena_Cove" title="Yerba Buena Cove">Yerba Buena Cove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mission_Bay_(San_Francisco)" title="Mission Bay (San Francisco)">Mission Bay</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Waterways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Rivers</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_River" title="San Joaquin River">San Joaquin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_River" title="Sacramento River">Sacramento</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Napa_River" title="Napa River">Napa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_River_(California)" title="Guadalupe River (California)">Guadalupe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Petaluma_River" title="Petaluma River">Petaluma</a></dd> <dt>Creeks (discharging into the Bay)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alameda_Creek" title="Alameda Creek">Alameda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baxter_Creek" title="Baxter Creek">Baxter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cerrito_Creek" title="Cerrito Creek">Cerrito</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Codornices_Creek" title="Codornices Creek">Codornices</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coyote_Creek_(Santa_Clara_County)" title="Coyote Creek (Santa Clara County)">Coyote (Santa Clara)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coyote_Creek_(Marin_County)" title="Coyote Creek (Marin County)">Coyote (Marin)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Leandro_Creek" title="San Leandro Creek">San Leandro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_Creek" title="San Lorenzo Creek">San Lorenzo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Schoolhouse_Creek_(Alameda_County,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schoolhouse Creek (Alameda County, California)">Schoolhouse</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Temescal_Creek_(Northern_California)" title="Temescal Creek (Northern California)">Temescal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sausal_Creek_(Alameda_County,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sausal Creek (Alameda County, California)">Sausal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Redwood_Creek_(San_Mateo_County)" title="Redwood Creek (San Mateo County)">Redwood</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_Creek_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="San Mateo Creek (San Francisco Bay Area)">San Mateo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_Creek" title="Sonoma Creek">Sonoma</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Corte_Madera_Creek_(Marin_County,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corte Madera Creek (Marin County, California)">Corte Madera</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_Corte_Madera_del_Presidio" title="Arroyo Corte Madera del Presidio">Arroyo Corte Madera del Presidio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Rafael_Creek" title="San Rafael Creek">San Rafael</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Miller_Creek_(Marin_County,_California)" title="Miller Creek (Marin County, California)">Miller</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Novato_Creek" title="Novato Creek">Novato</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tolay_Creek" title="Tolay Creek">Tolay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Francisquito_Creek" title="San Francisquito Creek">San Francisquito</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pacheco_Creek_(Contra_Costa_County)" title="Pacheco Creek (Contra Costa County)">Pacheco</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Creek" title="Alhambra Creek">Alhambra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Creek_(Santa_Clara_County,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Creek (Santa Clara County, California)">Adobe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rodeo_Creek" title="Rodeo Creek">Rodeo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Refugio_Creek" title="Refugio Creek">Refugio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pinole_Creek" title="Pinole Creek">Pinole</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Garrity_Creek" title="Garrity Creek">Garrity</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rheem_Creek" title="Rheem Creek">Rheem</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karlson_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Karlson Creek">Karlson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Creek" title="San Pablo Creek">San Pablo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Castro_Creek" title="Castro Creek">Castro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_Creek_(California)" title="Wildcat Creek (California)">Wildcat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fluvius_Innominatus" title="Fluvius Innominatus">Fluvius Innominatus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marin_Creek" title="Marin Creek">Marin (Alameda County)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Creek" title="Strawberry Creek">Strawberry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Easton_Creek" title="Easton Creek">Easton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mission_Creek" title="Mission Creek">Mission Creek</a></dd> <dt>Reservoirs</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calaveras_Reservoir" title="Calaveras Reservoir">Calaveras Reservoir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Reservoir" title="Lafayette Reservoir">Lafayette Reservoir</a></dd> <dt>Straits and estuaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Court_Forebay" title="Clifton Court Forebay">Clifton Court Forebay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carquinez_Strait" title="Carquinez Strait">Carquinez Strait</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Estuary" title="Oakland Estuary">Oakland Estuary</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raccoon_Strait" title="Raccoon Strait">Raccoon Strait</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sacramento%E2%80%93San_Joaquin_River_Delta" title="Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta">Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stockton_Deepwater_Shipping_Channel" title="Stockton Deepwater Shipping Channel">Stockton Deepwater Shipping Channel</a></dd> <dt>Watersheds</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Creek_Watershed" class="mw-redirect" title="Laguna Creek Watershed">Laguna Creek Watershed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_watershed" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalupe watershed">Guadalupe watershed</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Parks and protected areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Edwards_San_Francisco_Bay_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge">Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Bay_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge">San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Landing_Ecological_Reserve" title="Eden Landing Ecological Reserve">Eden Landing Ecological Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayward_Regional_Shoreline" title="Hayward Regional Shoreline">Hayward Regional Shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayward_Shoreline_Interpretive_Center" title="Hayward Shoreline Interpretive Center">Hayward Shoreline Interpretive Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Memorial_State_Beach" title="Crown Memorial State Beach">Crown Memorial State Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaughlin_Eastshore_State_Park" title="McLaughlin Eastshore State Park">McLaughlin Eastshore State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeryville_Crescent_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Emeryville Crescent State Marine Reserve">Emeryville Crescent State Marine Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Isabel_Regional_Shoreline" title="Point Isabel Regional Shoreline">Point Isabel Regional Shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Ch%C3%A1vez_Park" title="César Chávez Park">César Chávez Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Island_Regional_Preserve" title="Brooks Island Regional Preserve">Brooks Island Regional Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Pinole_Regional_Shoreline" title="Point Pinole Regional Shoreline">Point Pinole Regional Shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antioch_Dunes_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge">Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_Point_Recreation_Area" title="Coyote Point Recreation Area">Coyote Point Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Harbor_Shoreline_Park" title="Middle Harbor Shoreline Park">Middle Harbor Shoreline Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve" title="San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve">National Estuarine Research Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Camp_State_Park" title="China Camp State Park">China Camp State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Maritime_National_Historical_Park" title="San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park">San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Trail" title="San Francisco Bay Trail">SF Bay Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_Bay_Regional_Shoreline" title="Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline">Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Break_Regional_Shoreline" title="Big Break Regional Shoreline">Big Break Regional Shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto_Baylands_Nature_Preserve" title="Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve">Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Islands and peninsulas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Major islands</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alameda_(island)" title="Alameda (island)">Alameda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Island" title="Alcatraz Island">Alcatraz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angel_Island_(California)" title="Angel Island (California)">Angel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Island,_San_Francisco" title="Treasure Island, San Francisco">Treasure Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yerba_Buena_Island" title="Yerba Buena Island">Yerba Buena</a></dd> <dt>Minor</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Island_Regional_Preserve" title="Brooks Island Regional Preserve">Brooks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bair_Island" title="Bair Island">Bair</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bay_Farm_Island,_Alameda,_California" title="Bay Farm Island, Alameda, California">Bay Farm</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Belvedere_Island" title="Belvedere Island">Belvedere</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Brothers_(San_Francisco_Bay)" title="The Brothers (San Francisco Bay)">Brother</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Castro_Rocks" title="Castro Rocks">Castro Rocks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Island" title="Coast Guard Island">Coast Guard</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Greco_Island" title="Greco Island">Greco</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hooks_Island" title="Hooks Island">Hooks Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mare_Island" title="Mare Island">Mare</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Red_Rock_Island" title="Red Rock Island">Red Rock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Sisters_(California)" title="The Sisters (California)">The Sisters</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marin_Islands" title="Marin Islands">Marin Islands</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roe_Island" title="Roe Island">Roe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ryer_Island" title="Ryer Island">Ryer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seal_Islands_(California)" title="Seal Islands (California)">Seal Islands</a></dd> <dt>Peninsulas/infill</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albany_Bulb" title="Albany Bulb">Albany Bulb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Baylands_development" title="Brisbane Baylands development">Brisbane Baylands</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Point_Isabel_(promontory)" title="Point Isabel (promontory)">Point Isabel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Foster_City,_California" title="Foster City, California">Foster City</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fleming_Point" title="Fleming Point">Fleming Point</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bayview%E2%80%93Hunters_Point,_San_Francisco" title="Bayview–Hunters Point, San Francisco">Hunters Point</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Point_(Brisbane)" title="Sierra Point (Brisbane)">Sierra Point</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steamboat_Point" title="Steamboat Point">Steamboat Point</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Wetlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto_Baylands_Nature_Preserve" title="Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve">Baylands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_Slough" title="Belmont Slough">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Wetlands" title="Chelsea Wetlands">Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordelia_Slough" title="Cordelia Slough">Cordelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crissy_Field" title="Crissy Field">Crissy Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoffman_Marsh" title="Hoffman Marsh">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meeker_Slough" class="mw-redirect" title="Meeker Slough">Meeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mowry_Slough" title="Mowry Slough">Mowry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_Sonoma_Marsh" title="Napa Sonoma Marsh">Napa Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Molate_Marsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Point Molate Marsh">Point Molate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Salt_Ponds" title="San Francisco Bay Salt Ponds">Salt ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_Slough" title="Seal Slough">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stege_Marsh" title="Stege Marsh">Stege</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steinberger_Slough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steinberger Slough (page does not exist)">Steinberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisun_Marsh" title="Suisun Marsh">Suisun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westpoint_Slough" title="Westpoint Slough">Westpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Bridges and tubes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Bridges</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">San Francisco–Oakland</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Eastern_span_replacement_of_the_San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">Eastern span replacement</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richmond–San Rafael</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo%E2%80%93Hayward_Bridge" title="San Mateo–Hayward Bridge">San Mateo–Hayward</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Bridge_(California)" title="Dumbarton Bridge (California)">Dumbarton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Rail_Bridge" title="Dumbarton Rail Bridge">Dumbarton Rail Bridge</a> (inactive)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Benicia%E2%80%93Martinez_Bridge" title="Benicia–Martinez Bridge">Benicia–Martinez</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antioch_Bridge" title="Antioch Bridge">Antioch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carquinez_Bridge" title="Carquinez Bridge">Carquinez</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leimert_Bridge" title="Leimert Bridge">Leimert</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Park_Street_Bridge" title="Park Street Bridge">Park Street</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fruitvale_Bridge" title="Fruitvale Bridge">Fruitvale</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/High_Street_Bridge" title="High Street Bridge">High Street</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bay_Farm_Island_Bridge" title="Bay Farm Island Bridge">Bay Farm Island</a></dd> <dt>Tubes</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Posey_and_Webster_Street_tubes" class="mw-redirect" title="Posey and Webster Street tubes">Posey/Webster Street</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Transbay_Tube" title="Transbay Tube">Transbay</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ferries_of_San_Francisco_Bay" title="Ferries of San Francisco Bay">Ferries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Island%E2%80%93Tiburon_Ferry" title="Angel Island–Tiburon Ferry">Angel Island–Tiburon Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_%26_Gold_Fleet" title="Blue & Gold Fleet">Blue & Gold Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Ferry" title="Golden Gate Ferry">Golden Gate Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Ferry" title="San Francisco Bay Ferry">San Francisco Bay Ferry (WETA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Ports and marinas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_San_Francisco" title="Port of San Francisco">Port of San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Seaport" title="Oakland Seaport">Oakland Seaport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Richmond_(California)" title="Port of Richmond (California)">Port of Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunters_Point_Naval_Shipyard" title="Hunters Point Naval Shipyard">Hunters Point Naval Shipyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mare_Island_Naval_Shipyard" title="Mare Island Naval Shipyard">Mare Island Naval Shipyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Redwood_City" title="Port of Redwood City">Port of Redwood City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Marina" title="Berkeley Marina">Berkeley Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_Point_Marina/Park" title="Oyster Point Marina/Park">Oyster Point Marina/Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westpoint_Harbor" title="Westpoint Harbor">Westpoint Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_City_Marina" title="Foster City Marina">Foster City Marina</a> (proposed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>History</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Delta_and_Dawn" title="Delta and Dawn">Delta and Dawn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Discovery_Site" title="San Francisco Bay Discovery Site">Discovery Site</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_the_Whale" title="Humphrey the Whale">Humphrey the Whale</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Leandro_Oyster_Beds" title="San Leandro Oyster Beds">San Leandro Oyster Beds</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Shipyards" title="Richmond Shipyards">Richmond Shipyards</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers_Bay_Model" title="U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Bay Model">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Bay Model</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_Gilliam" title="Harold Gilliam">Harold Gilliam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marincello" title="Marincello">Marincello</a></dd> <dt>Ecology</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Biosphere_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Gate Biosphere Reserve">Golden Gate Biosphere Reserve</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cosco_Busan_oil_spill" title="Cosco Busan oil spill">Cosco Busan oil spill</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thicktail_chub" title="Thicktail chub">Thicktail chub</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Delta_smelt" title="Delta smelt">Delta smelt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Conservation_and_Development_Commission" title="San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission">Conservation and Development Commission</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Watershed_Project" title="The Watershed Project">The Watershed Project</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Bay" title="Save the Bay">Save The Bay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_East_Shore_Parks" title="Citizens for East Shore Parks">Citizens for East Shore Parks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Five_Creeks" title="Friends of Five Creeks">Friends of Five Creeks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Urban_Creeks_Council" title="Urban Creeks Council">Urban Creeks Council</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1971_San_Francisco_Bay_oil_spill" title="1971 San Francisco Bay oil spill">1971 oil spill</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Greenbelt_Alliance" title="Greenbelt Alliance">Greenbelt Alliance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Bay_Institute" title="The Bay Institute">The Bay Institute</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reber_Plan" title="Reber Plan">Reber Plan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Baykeeper" title="San Francisco Baykeeper">San Francisco Baykeeper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Estuary_and_Watershed_Science" title="San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science">San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Estuary_Partnership" title="San Francisco Estuary Partnership">Estuary Partnership</a></dd> <dt>Transportation</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area_Water_Trail" title="San Francisco Bay Area Water Trail">Water Trail</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area">Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #FCC200;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Portal:San Francisco Bay Area">Portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:San_Francisco_Bay" title="Category:San Francisco Bay">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richmond–San_Rafael_Bridge&oldid=1252943387">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richmond–San_Rafael_Bridge&oldid=1252943387</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_completed_in_1956" title="Category:Bridges completed in 1956">Bridges completed in 1956</a></li><li><a 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