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class="col-sm-8"> <div class="highlighted"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"><span>Beato José Calasanz Marqués</span> </h1> <article role="article" about="/biografias/42345/beato-jose-calasanz-marques" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-weight:bold;">Marqués, José Calasanz</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">. Azanuy (Huesca), 23.XI.1872 – Valencia, 29.VII.1936. Beato, misionero y fundador de los salesianos (SDB) en Cuba, provincial de Perú y Bolivia, provincial de Barcelona, beato.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Nació en Azanuy, provincia de Huesca, diócesis de Barbastro (hoy de Lérida), y fue bautizado el mismo día en su parroquia. Nacía José en una familia pobre, donde tanto sus abuelos como sus padres eran labradores. Pronto perdió a su padre Benito, a los diez años, el 21 de agosto de 1882, y después a su madre Antonia a los once años, el 22 de agosto de 1883.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Fue su hermana Dolores, la mayor, que servía en casa de los señores Fontcuberta, en Barcelona, quien le ayudó a salir de Azanuy para llevarlo a Barcelona.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Los Fontcuberta, cooperadores salesianos, le pagaron sus estudios en el colegio de Salesianos-Sarriá, desde agosto de 1883 hasta el 7 de junio de 1884, que fue cuando ingresó como alumno interno en dicho centro.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Allí Calasanz conoció personalmente a san Juan Bosco, cuando, en su visita a Barcelona en abril-mayo de 1886, vivió en aquella casa. Tenía entonces trece años.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">El 3 de mayo de 1886, cuando todos los alumnos de Salesianos-Sarriá se desplazaban a la finca Martí-Codolar, en Horta, con ocasión de la visita de san Juan Bosco, Calasanz se quedó al cuidado del centro, con sólo trece años y medio.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Calasanz se ganó la confianza de los salesianos, que le encaminaron a la vida sacerdotal y salesiana por la vía más corta, recibiendo el presbiterado en diciembre de 1895, cuando sólo contaba veintitrés años. Por consiguiente, ni tuvo tiempo ni medios adecuados para realizar bien sus estudios eclesiásticos. Sin embargo, tuvo la fortuna de formarse al lado de uno de los padres y maestros de la Congregación salesiana, el beato Felipe Rinaldi, quien venía dirigiendo Salesianos- Sarriá desde el año 1889.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Rinaldi apostó por él para regir el desarrollo del colegio.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Así, en 1903, al desglosar la dirección del bachillerato de Sarriá, instalándola en la torre La Esmeralda, en el barrio de les Corts, junto a la Diagonal, Calasanz fue nombrado director de la nueva obra.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Ésta, en 1905, dio origen al colegio de Salesianos- Mataró, del que, además de fundador, estuvo al frente once años (1905-1916), de reconocido prestigio hoy en la sociedad catalana. Calasanz supo que el escudo de don Bosco, en tiempos de la “ley del Candado”, no era la loba romana de la ciudadanía, sino el águila de un grupo de servicio a la sociedad, donde unos religiosos de Turín —en plena revolución industrial— tomaban los barrios populares para intentar formar “honrados ciudadanos y buenos cristianos”.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Pasó once años en Mataró coincidiendo con la Semana Trágica de 1909.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">El 24 de diciembre de 1918, a los cuarenta y cuatro años, fue nombrado director de Camagüey, la proyectada primera obra de los salesianos en Cuba.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Una vez en la isla, Calasanz se dedicó a realizar la fundación de la primera escuela profesional de Cuba, que llegaría a ser una de las mejores de toda América. Dirigía el arzobispo de Santiago desde el año anterior, 1915, el emprendedor salesiano piamontés Félix Guerra, nacido en Volpedo (Alessandría), fundador de periódicos, promotor de escuelas, fundador de hasta veintiuna iglesias. Pero los tiempos le fueron hostiles a Calasanz y las facilidades que parecía ofrecerle la señorita Dolores Betancourt fueron un pasaporte al fracaso, que, sin embargo, él y sus colaboradores, los salesianos Capra, Ullivarri y Celaya, supieron asumir. Calasanz sabía que la pobreza es inmortal y que genera pobreza, y se quedó a trabajar por los jóvenes pobres de Camagüey, en clima de provisionalidad, de 1916 a 1920 y de 1920 a 1922 en La Habana-Guanabacoa. Tan sólo a finales de 1939 se lograba la influyente fundación de Camagüey.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Calasanz seguía siendo él mismo, realizando las misiones más punteras, pero sin querer o sin poder renunciar a su personalidad, cuando recibía el nombramiento del beato Rinaldi como provincial de los salesianos de Perú y Bolivia, servicio que prestó durante los años 1923 a 1925. La marejada de solicitudes de fundaciones en los dos países era elevadísima pero expiraban los plazos por falta de personal. Calasanz se unció a América del Sur como lo hiciera en Cuba, caminante de los suburbios y como sacerdote misionero al servicio de la Iglesia.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">En 1925, Calasanz fue nombrado provincial de los salesianos de la provincia Tarraconense, que comprendía Cataluña, Aragón, Valencia y Baleares, sucediendo a Marcelino Olaechea Loizaga, que más tarde sería elegido obispo de Pamplona y arzobispo de Valencia.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Tenía cincuenta y tres años. Durante once años (1925-1936), pues, regló la expansión y organización de los centros salesianos en Barcelona (Rocafort, Sarriá, Tibidabo), Ciudadela, Gerona, Huesca, Sant Vicent dels Horts, Alicante, Alcoy, El Campello, Villena, coincidiendo con los días difíciles de la dictadura de Primo de Rivera (1923-1931), primero del directorio militar y después del civil.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Las llamadas “luminarias republicanas” de mayo de 1931, con repercusiones negativas en algunos centros salesianos, le hicieron desconfiado y muy cauto.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Calasanz le escribía al superior general, Pedro Ricaldone, el 22 de enero de 1935: “Créame, me siento muy cansado y me temo mucho que se malogre la obra de la Congregación por mí, cada día más falto de energías, efecto también de mis penas”. Fue el amanecer del 22 de julio de 1936. La casa salesiana de Valencia, después de haber sido atacada con ráfagas de proyectiles durante la noche, fue invadida por incontrolados.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Los salesianos estaban haciendo ejercicios espirituales, presididos por él, como provincial. Calasanz, después de haber dado la absolución a todos, fue obligado a subir a un camión en compañía de otros tres salesianos más. En cierto momento del trayecto, se disparó un tiro y José Calasanz cayó muerto.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Fueron noventa y siete los salesianos muertos, entre ellos Calasanz Marqués, quien era beatificado, junto a otros treinta y dos salesianos, por Juan Pablo II, en Roma, el 12 de marzo de 2001: Jaime Buch Canals —Bescanó (Gerona), 9.IV.1889 – El Saler (Valencia), 31.VII.1936—; Juan Martorell Soria —Picassent (Valencia), 1.IX.1889 – Valencia, 10.VIII.1936—; Pedro Mesonero Rodríguez —Aldearrodrigo (Salamanca), 29.V.1912 – El Vedat de Torrent (Valencia), VIII.1936—; Antonio Marún Hernández —Calzada de Béjar (Salamanca), 18.VII.1885 – Picadero de Paterna (Valencia), 9.XII.1936—; Recaredo de los Ríos Fabregat —Bétera (Valencia), 11.I.1893 – Picadero de Paterna (Valencia), 9.XII.1936—; Julián Rodríguez Sánchez —Salamanca, 16.X.1896 – Picadero de Paterna (Valencia), 9.XII.1936—; José Giménez López —Cartagena (Murcia), 31.X.1904 – Picadero de Paterna (Valencia), 9.XII.1936—; Agustín García Calvo —Santander, 3.II.1905 – Picadero de Paterna (Valencia), 9.XII.1936—; José Otín Aquilé —Huesca, 22.XII.1901 – Picadero de Paterna (Valencia), 9.XII.1936—; Álvaro Sanjuán Canet —Alcocer de Planes (Alicante), 26.IV.1908 – Picadero de Paterna (Valencia), 9.XII.1936—; Francisco Bandrés Sánchez —Hecho (Huesca), 24.IV.1896 – Barcelona, 3.VIII.1936; Sergio Cid Pazo —Alláriz (Orense), 24.IV.1884 – Barcelona, 30.VII.1936—; José Batalla Parragón —Abella (Lérida), 15.I.1873 – Barcelona, 4.VIII.1936—; José Rabasa Bentanachs —Noves (Lérida), 26.VII.1862 – Barcelona, 8.VIII.1936—; Gil Rodicio Rodicio —Requejo (Orense), 20.III.1888 – Barcelona, 4.VIII.1936—; Ángel Ramos Velázquez —Sevilla, 9.III.1876 – Barcelona, 11.X.1936—; Felipe Hernández Martínez —Villena (Alicante), 14.III.1913 – Barcelona, 27.VII.1936—; Zacarías Abadía Buesa —Almuniente (Huesca), 5.XI.1913 – Barcelona, 27.VII.1936—; Jaime Ortiz Alzuela —Pamplona, 24.V.1913 – Barcelona, 30.VII.1936—; Jaime Bordás Piferer —San Pol de Mar (Barcelona) – Barcelona, 23.VII.1936—; Félix Vivet Trabal —San Félix de Torelló (Barcelona), – Barcelona, 25.VIII.1936—; Miguel Domingo Cendra —Caseres (Tarragona), 1.III.1909 – Barcelona, 12.VIII.1936—; José Caselles Moncho —Benigoleig (Alicante), 8.VIII.1907 – Barcelona, 27.VII.1936—; José Castell Camps —Ciudadela (Menorca), – Barcelona, 28.VII.1936—; José Bonet Nadal —Santa María de Montmagastrell (Lérida), 26.XII.1875 – Barcelona, 13.VIII.1936—; Jaime Bonet Nadal — Santa María de Montmagastrell (Lérida), 4.VII.1884 – Tárrega (Lérida), 18.VIII.1936—; Alejandro Planas Saurí —Mataró (Barcelona), 31.X.1878 – Garraf (Barcelona), 25.VIII.1936—; Eliseo García García —El Manzano (Salamanca), 25.VIII.1907 – Garraf (Barcelona), 19.XI.1936—; Julio Junyer Padern —Villamaniscle (Gerona), 30.X.1892 – Monjuic (Barcelona), 26.IV.1938—; María del Carmen Moreno Benítez —Villamartín (Cádiz), 1885 – Barcelona, 6.IX.1936—; María Amparo Carbonell Muñoz —Alborada (Valencia), 9.XI.1893 – Barcelona, 6.IX.1936—.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Bibl.: A. Burdeus, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Lauros y palmas, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Librería Salesiana, 1957; A. Díaz, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Los salesianos en la barriada de la calle Sagunto, 1898-1990, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Valencia, Colegio Salesiano, 1989; V. Carcel Ortí y R. Fita Revert, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Mártires valencianos del siglo XX, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Valencia, Edicep, 1998, págs. 63-65; R. Alberdi, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Los mártires salesianos de Valencia y Barcelona (1936-1938), </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, CCS, 2001.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Francisco Rodríguez de Coro, SDB </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-preguntasfrecuentes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentbb506541-4315-4ede-8b34-510511732f52 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a href="/preguntas-frecuentes">Preguntas frecuentes</a></p> </div> </section> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockbiografia-destacada-block-2 clearfix" id="block-views-block-biografia-destacada-block-2"> <h2 class="block-title">Biografía destacada</h2> <div class="form-group"><div class="view view-biografia-destacada view-id-biografia_destacada view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-ad153b0f7cca4fbdc7ecb3b64cda0a968d553550413c121ef9a62e6992f804f9"> <div class="view-content"> <div id="views-bootstrap-biografia-destacada-block-2" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel" data-interval="5000" data-pause="" data-wrap="0"> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item row active"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="/biografias/portal-historia-hispanica" hreflang="und"><img 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D. MIGUEL PRIMO DE RIVERA, 1920 - https://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/2022704/lod_oai_bibliotecavirtualdefensa_es_33303_ent1.html. http://hispana.mcu.es/lod/oai:bibliotecavirtualdefensa.es:33303#ent2. Biblioteca Virtual del Ministerio de Defensa - http://bibliotecavirtualdefensa.es/BVMDefensa/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=33303. 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