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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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Christianity">early Christian</a> church <a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">synod</a> in Ariminum, modern-day <a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a>, in 359. Called by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a> to resolve the <a href="/wiki/Arian_controversy" title="Arian controversy">Arian controversy</a>, the Council of Ariminum for western bishops paralleled the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Seleucia" title="Council of Seleucia">Council of Seleucia</a> for eastern bishops.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though the Council of Ariminum concluded in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a> by 21 July 359,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its consensus was overturned on 10 October 359, when the council's envoys to Constantius accepted a <a href="/wiki/Acacians" title="Acacians">Homoean</a> creed.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bishops remaining at Ariminum were forced to assent to the creed.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Liberius" title="Pope Liberius">Pope Liberius</a> later declared that the Council of Ariminum was held without authority.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Ariminum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 358, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a> requested two councils, one of the western bishops of the Roman Empire at Ariminum (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a>), and one of the eastern bishops,<sup id="cite_ref-:9_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> planned for <a href="/wiki/Nicomedia" title="Nicomedia">Nicomedia</a> but eventually held at <a href="/wiki/Seleucia_Isauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucia Isauria">Seleucia Isauria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Constantius had visited Rimini in 357, and commissioned the <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefect" title="Praetorian prefect">praetorian prefect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(consul_361)" title="Taurus (consul 361)">Taurus</a>, to prepare the city for the council; the location was likely chosen because local clergy were sympathetic to <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The councils were called to resolve the <a href="/wiki/Arian_controversy" title="Arian controversy">Arian controversy</a> which plagued the fourth-century <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early church</a>. Arian creeds had been drafted in the <a href="/wiki/Councils_of_Sirmium" title="Councils of Sirmium">Councils of Sirmium</a> in 357 and 358, considered the highpoints of Arianism.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As was customary,<sup id="cite_ref-:10_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> participating bishops in the Council of Ariminum were guaranteed free transport and supplies. Bishops from <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Gaul</a>, except three British bishops, insisted on paying their own expenses so as not to constrain their freedom in the council.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Seleucia" title="Council of Seleucia">Council of Seleucia</a> was held in September 359, with 150 eastern bishops participating.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Council">Council</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Ariminum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The council opened on 27 May 359,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and concluded on 21 July.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was hosted in the Cathedral of Santa Colomba, no longer extant, with Arian supporters worshipping at a chapel, traditionally reported to be a downtrodden area near the <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Augustus_(Rimini)" title="Arch of Augustus (Rimini)">Arch of Augustus</a>, known as <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">la Gajana</i></span>, renowned for its prostitutes.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council involved approximately 400 bishops,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which 40 were pro-Arian at the start of the council.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Victory_of_the_Nicene_Creed">Victory of the Nicene Creed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Ariminum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Victory of the Nicene Creed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the council, Constantius II decreed that any decisions would need to be brought by ten representatives to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> for his ratification; he would hear the council's resolutions alongside those of the Council of Seleucia.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Council of Ariminum was to consider only matters of faith and unity, while Seleucia would consider doctrinal issues.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a series of judgments lasting until 21 July 359, the council unanimously approved the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a>, condemning as heretics the Arian bishops <a href="/wiki/Ursacius_of_Singidunum" title="Ursacius of Singidunum">Ursacius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valens_of_Mursa" title="Valens of Mursa">Valens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germinius_of_Sirmium" title="Germinius of Sirmium">Germinius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auxentius_of_Durostorum" title="Auxentius of Durostorum">Auxentius</a>, Gaius of <a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Demophilus_of_Constantinople" title="Demophilus of Constantinople">Demophilus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It rejected the Dated Creed drawn by some <a href="/wiki/Acacians" title="Acacians">Homoean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semi-Arianism" title="Semi-Arianism">Semi-Arians</a> in Sirmium on 22 May 359.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After designating its ten representatives, the council sent a petition to Constantius asking that the council be adjourned and the bishops be allowed to return to their dioceses.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taurus was instructed to retain the bishops in Ariminum until Constantius dismissed the council.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capitulation_at_Thracia">Capitulation at Thracia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Ariminum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Capitulation at Thracia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the consensus, Ursacius, Valens, and Germinius led an Arian minority of 80 bishops. The minority wrote a separate letter to Constantius requesting that they be excused from the council. Constantius welcomed the minority petition,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but refused to grant an audience to the representatives of the majority:<sup id="cite_ref-:10_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was preparing for the <a href="/wiki/Perso-Roman_wars_of_337%E2%80%93361" title="Perso-Roman wars of 337–361">Second Perso-Roman War</a>, and requested the majority envoys to wait, first at <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Hadrianople</a> and then in <a href="/wiki/Nike_(Thrace)" title="Nike (Thrace)">Nike</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia">Thracia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 October 359 in Nike, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Restitutus_of_Carthage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Restitutus of Carthage (page does not exist)">Restitutus of Carthage</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restituto_di_Cartagine" class="extiw" title="it:Restituto di Cartagine">it</a>]</span> and other majority envoys accepted a revision of the Dated Creed.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Returning to Ariminum, the envoys who capitulated were initially refused communion,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Taurus required the bishops remaining in Ariminum to sign the revised creed before they could leave.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last bishops left Rimini in the winter of 359.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 December 359, under threat from Constantius, representatives of both councils assented to the revised creed.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Martyrdom_of_Gaudentius">Martyrdom of Gaudentius</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Ariminum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Martyrdom of Gaudentius"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gaudentius_of_Rimini" title="Gaudentius of Rimini">Gaudentius of Rimini</a></div> <p>In one group of legends,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gaudentius_of_Rimini" title="Gaudentius of Rimini">Gaudentius</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Rimini" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Rimini">Bishop of Rimini</a>, participated in the Council;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morri_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morri-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was against Arianism.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morri_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morri-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once it seemed certain that the Arians would lose,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morri_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morri-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to flee violence in the city,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with seventeen other bishops, Gaudentius retreated to a nearby town,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morri_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morri-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which tradition says was renamed <a href="/wiki/Cattolica" title="Cattolica">Cattolica</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Catholic</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) after their retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his return to Ariminum, Gaudentius was arrested. On one account, he was charged with condemning Arianism;<sup id="cite_ref-Morri_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morri-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in another, his miracles led him to be accused of the deaths in close succession of two imperial troops.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mob snatched him from the hands of the city's magistrates: in one account, he was lynched or stoned to death by Arian's supporters;<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morri_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morri-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in another, he was stoned to death for <i><a href="/wiki/Perduellio" title="Perduellio">perduellio</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gaudentius was martyred on 14 October 360.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was killed in a marshy area south of the city's <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Augustus_(Rimini)" title="Arch of Augustus (Rimini)">Arch of Augustus</a>, which became known as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lacus Martyrum</i></span> (Lake of the Martyr); it is believed to be the etymology of Via Lagomaggio and Rimini's eponymous suburb.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The account of Gaudentius' participation in the Council of Ariminum is considered inconsistent with earlier legends about his life.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Ariminum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 360, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constantinople_(360)" title="Council of Constantinople (360)">Council of Constantinople</a> confirmed the resolutions of Ariminum and Seleucia. The early church later disregarded the resolutions from both councils.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Liberius" title="Pope Liberius">Pope Liberius</a> declared that the Council of Ariminum was held without authority.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some sources attribute Taurus' appointment as a <a href="/wiki/Roman_consul" title="Roman consul">consul</a> in 361 to his management of the Council of Ariminum.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Ariminum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:9-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Philostorgius, in Photius, <i>Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius</i>, book 4, chapter 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGwatkin1908" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Melvill_Gwatkin" title="Henry Melvill Gwatkin">Gwatkin, Henry Melvill</a> (1908). <a href="/wiki/Mandell_Creighton" title="Mandell Creighton">Creighton, Mandell</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/18377/18377-h/18377-h.htm">"The Arian Controversy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></i> (6th ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longmans, Green, & Co.</a> pp. <span class="nowrap">81–</span>102<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Project+Gutenberg&rft.atitle=The+Arian+Controversy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E81-%3C%2Fspan%3E102&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Gwatkin&rft.aufirst=Henry+Melvill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F18377%2F18377-h%2F18377-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Ariminum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Barnes_(classicist)" title="Timothy Barnes (classicist)">Barnes, Timothy David</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IjqCjU8GevAC&pg=PA145"><i>Athanasius and Constantius: Theology and Politics in the Constantinian Empire</i></a>. Harvard University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">144–</span>151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00549-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00549-5"><bdi>978-0-674-00549-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athanasius+and+Constantius%3A+Theology+and+Politics+in+the+Constantinian+Empire&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E144-%3C%2Fspan%3E151&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-674-00549-5&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Timothy+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIjqCjU8GevAC%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Ariminum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chiamamicitta.it/21-luglio-359-si-chiude-il-concilio-di-rimini-ma-gli-ariani-vanno-alla-riscossa/">"21 luglio 359 - Si chiude il Concilio di Rimini ma gli Ariani vanno alla riscossa"</a> [21 July 359 – The Council of Rimini ends but the Arians give chase]. <i>Chiamami Città</i> (in Italian). 21 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chiamami+Citt%C3%A0&rft.atitle=21+luglio+359+-+Si+chiude+il+Concilio+di+Rimini+ma+gli+Ariani+vanno+alla+riscossa&rft.date=2023-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chiamamicitta.it%2F21-luglio-359-si-chiude-il-concilio-di-rimini-ma-gli-ariani-vanno-alla-riscossa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Ariminum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Council-of-Ariminum">"Council of Ariminum"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Council+of+Ariminum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FCouncil-of-Ariminum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Ariminum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chiamamicitta.it/27-maggio-359-limperatore-costanzo-ii-convoca-il-concilio-di-rimini-2/">"27 maggio 359 - L'imperatore Costanzo II convoca il Concilio di Rimini"</a> [27 May 359 – Emperor Constantius II convenes the Council of Rimini]. <i>Chiamami Città</i> (in Italian). 26 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chiamami+Citt%C3%A0&rft.atitle=27+maggio+359+-+L%27imperatore+Costanzo+II+convoca+il+Concilio+di+Rimini&rft.date=2023-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chiamamicitta.it%2F27-maggio-359-limperatore-costanzo-ii-convoca-il-concilio-di-rimini-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Ariminum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bibliotecagambalunga.it/news/la-gambalunga-racconta-san-gaudenzio-patrono-di-rimini">"La Gambalunga racconta: San Gaudenzio patrono di Rimini"</a> [Gambalunga tells: Saint Gaudentius, patron saint of Rimini]. <i><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Civica_Gambalunga" title="Biblioteca Civica Gambalunga">Biblioteca Civica Gambalunga</a></i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblioteca+Civica+Gambalunga&rft.atitle=La+Gambalunga+racconta%3A+San+Gaudenzio+patrono+di+Rimini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbibliotecagambalunga.it%2Fnews%2Fla-gambalunga-racconta-san-gaudenzio-patrono-di-rimini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Ariminum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philostorgius, in Photius, <i>Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius</i>, book 4, chapter 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanzoni1927" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lanzoni, Francesco (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MN5017ucmf_0/"><i>Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principo del secolo VII (an. 604)</i></a> [<i>The dioceses of Italy from their origins to the start of the seventh century (Year 604)</i>] (in Italian). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Santi+e+Beati&rft.atitle=San+Gaudenzio+%28Gaudenzo%29+di+Rimini&rft.date=2002-01-23&rft.aulast=Morri&rft.aufirst=Carlo+Ennio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.santiebeati.it%2Fdettaglio%2F90632&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Ariminum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCicchetti2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cicchetti, Stefano (15 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chiamamicitta.it/san-gaudenzo-costui/">"San Gaudenzo, chi era costui?"</a> [San Gaudenzo, who was he?]. <i>Chiamami Città</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chiamami+Citt%C3%A0&rft.atitle=San+Gaudenzo%2C+chi+era+costui%3F&rft.date=2016-10-15&rft.aulast=Cicchetti&rft.aufirst=Stefano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chiamamicitta.it%2Fsan-gaudenzo-costui%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Ariminum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riminitoday.it/social/san-gaudenzo-storia-patrono-rimini.html">"San Gaudenzo, storia e misteri del patrono di Rimini"</a> [San Gaudenzo, history and mysteries of the patron saint of Rimini]. <i>RiminiToday</i> (in Italian). 18 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RiminiToday&rft.atitle=San+Gaudenzo%2C+storia+e+misteri+del+patrono+di+Rimini&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riminitoday.it%2Fsocial%2Fsan-gaudenzo-storia-patrono-rimini.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Ariminum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://riminisparita.it/san-gaudenzo-patrono-rimini/">"San Gaudenzo, un santo senza pace"</a> [San Gaudenzo: A saint without peace]. <i>Rimini Sparita</i> (in Italian). 23 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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