CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Eurasianism - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"bbb9dedd-d5b5-4a2f-939b-68e58d9b4f96","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Eurasianism","wgTitle":"Eurasianism","wgCurRevisionId":1258438549,"wgRevisionId":1258438549,"wgArticleId":6090994,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: location","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from August 2023","Articles containing Russian-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2023","Articles containing French-language text","Articles containing German-language text", "Articles containing Italian-language text","Eurasianism","Conservatism in Russia","International relations theory","National Bolshevism","National mysticism","Neo-Sovietism","Neo-Stalinism","Pan-nationalism","Politics of Russia","Russian philosophy","Spheres of influence","White Russian emigration"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Eurasianism","wgRelevantArticleId":6090994,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1324222","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Eurasianism - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianism"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianism"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Eurasianism rootpage-Eurasianism skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Eurasianism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Eurasianism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Eurasianism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Eurasianism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early 20th century</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_20th_century-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early 20th century subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Emergence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greater_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greater_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Greater Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greater_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eurasianism_as_ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eurasianism_as_ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eurasianism as ideology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eurasianism_as_ideology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Eurasianism as ideology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eurasianism_as_ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eurasianist_geo-politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eurasianist_geo-politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eurasianist geo-politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eurasianist_geo-politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Eurasianist geo-politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eurasianist_geo-politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eurasian_Economic_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eurasian_Economic_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Eurasian Economic Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eurasian_Economic_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Collective Security Treaty Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eurasianist_foreign_policy_doctrine_of_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eurasianist_foreign_policy_doctrine_of_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Eurasianist foreign policy doctrine of Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eurasianist_foreign_policy_doctrine_of_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurasianism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الأوراسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأوراسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Еўразійства – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Еўразійства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Евразийство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Евразийство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianisme" title="Eurasianisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eurasianisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85" title="Евразилĕх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Евразилĕх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianismus" title="Eurasianismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Eurasianismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasismus" title="Eurasismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eurasismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianism" title="Eurasianism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eurasianism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ευρασιανισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευρασιανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasiatismo" title="Eurasiatismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eurasiatismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%ADraziismo" title="Eŭraziismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eŭraziismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianismo" title="Eurasianismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eurasianismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="اوراسیاگرایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوراسیاگرایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasisme" title="Eurasisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eurasisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="유라시아주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유라시아주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianisme" title="Eurasianisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eurasianisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasiatismo" title="Eurasiatismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eurasiatismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אירואסיאניות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אירואסיאניות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ევრაზიიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ევრაზიიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Еуроазияшылдық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Еуроазияшылдық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Евразийчилик – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Евразийчилик" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eir%C4%81zisms" title="Eirāzisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eirāzisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur%C3%A1zsianizmus" title="Eurázsianizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eurázsianizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="اوراسیانیسم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اوراسیانیسم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurazianisme" title="Eurazianisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eurazianisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="ユーラシア主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユーラシア主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianisme" title="Eurasianisme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eurasianisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurazjatyzm" title="Eurazjatyzm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Eurazjatyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianismo" title="Eurasianismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eurasianismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Евразийство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Евразийство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianismi" title="Eurasianismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eurasianismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianism" title="Eurasianism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Eurasianism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avrasyac%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Avrasyacılık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Avrasyacılık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Євразійство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Євразійство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="歐亞主義 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="歐亞主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1324222#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Eurasianism" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Eurasianism" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Eurasianism" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&oldid=1258438549" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Eurasianism&id=1258438549&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEurasianism"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEurasianism"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Eurasianism&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eurasianism_(philosophy_and_socio-political_movement)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1324222" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Socio-political movement in the Russian Federation</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Eurasianism" title="Category:Eurasianism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eurasianism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:19521_Chaos_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/19521_Chaos_symbol.svg/90px-19521_Chaos_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/19521_Chaos_symbol.svg/135px-19521_Chaos_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/19521_Chaos_symbol.svg/180px-19521_Chaos_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="56" data-file-height="56" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #FFCC06;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-British_sentiment" title="Anti-British sentiment">Anti-British sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Anti-Western sentiment">Anti-Western sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomad_studies" title="Nomad studies">Nomad studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Orthodoxy" title="Nuclear Orthodoxy">Nuclear Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primakov_doctrine" title="Primakov doctrine">Primakov doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_civilization" title="Russian civilization">Russian civilization</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Русское мессианство">Russian messianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_world" title="Russian world">Russian world</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Скифство">Scythianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochvennichestvo" title="Pochvennichestvo">Pochvennichestvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellurocracy" title="Tellurocracy">Tellurocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">Thalassocracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #FFCC06;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Karsavin" title="Lev Karsavin">Karsavin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Vernadsky" title="George Vernadsky">Vernadsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Trubetzkoy" title="Nikolai Trubetzkoy">Trubetzkoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._S._Mirsky" title="D. S. Mirsky">Mirsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Suvchinsky" title="Pyotr Suvchinsky">Suvchinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Efron" title="Sergei Efron">Efron</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Савицкий, Пётр Николаевич">Savitsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chkheidze" title="Konstantin Chkheidze">Chkheidze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Gumilev" title="Lev Gumilev">Gumilev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nazarbayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Perin%C3%A7ek" title="Doğu Perinçek">Perinçek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zyuganov" title="Gennady Zyuganov">Zyuganov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Panarin" title="Igor Panarin">Panarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halford_Mackinder" title="Halford Mackinder">Mackinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Eskin" title="Avigdor Eskin">Eskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yegor_Kholmogorov" title="Yegor Kholmogorov">Kholmogorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darya_Dugina" title="Darya Dugina">Dugina</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #FFCC06;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Works</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Geographical_Pivot_of_History" title="The Geographical Pivot of History">The Geographical Pivot of History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_chronology_(Fomenko)" title="New chronology (Fomenko)">New Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fourth_Political_Theory" title="The Fourth Political Theory">The Fourth Political Theory</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #FFCC06;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanat_(political_party)" title="Amanat (political party)">Amanat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Party" title="Eurasia Party">Eurasia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falanga_(organisation)" title="Falanga (organisation)">Falanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Opposition_(Ukraine)" title="Left Opposition (Ukraine)">Left Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashi_(Ukrainian_political_party)" title="Nashi (Ukrainian political party)">Nashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Peace_and_Unity" title="Party of Peace and Unity">Party of Peace and Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Patriotic Party (Turkey)">Patriotic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine">Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proryv" title="Proryv">Proryv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenovekhovtsy" title="Smenovekhovtsy">Smenovekhovtsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Union_of_Turkey" title="Youth Union of Turkey">Youth Union of Turkey</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #FFCC06;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenoturkism" title="Hellenoturkism">Hellenoturkism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_Region" title="Intermediate Region">Intermediate Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Sovietism" title="Neo-Sovietism">Neo-Sovietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eurasianism" title="Template:Eurasianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eurasianism" title="Template talk:Eurasianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eurasianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eurasianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eurasianism</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">евразийство</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">yevraziystvo</i></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Political_sociology" title="Political sociology">socio-political</a> movement in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> that emerged in the early 20th century under the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, which states that Russia does not belong in the "<a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a>" categories but instead to the <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitical</a> concept of <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> and the "<a href="/wiki/Russian_world" title="Russian world">Russian world</a>" (Russian: <span lang="ru">Русский мир</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Russky mir</i></span>), forming an ostensibly standalone <a href="/wiki/Russian_civilization" title="Russian civilization">Russian civilization</a>. </p><p>The first Eurasianists were mostly <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89migr%C3%A9" title="Émigré">émigré</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifists</a>, and their vision of the future had features of <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romanticism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">utopianism</a>. The goal of the Eurasianists was the unification of the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">main Christian churches</a> under the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A key feature of Eurasianism is the rejection of Russian <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnic nationalism</a>, which seeks to build a <a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">pan-Slavic state</a>. The Eurasianists strongly opposed the territorial fragmentation of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> that had occurred due to the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">Bolshevik Revolution</a> and the following <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">civil war</a> (1917–1923). They used their geo-historical theories to insist on the necessity of the geopolitical reconstruction of the Russian state as a unified Eurasian great power.<sup id="cite_ref-humanitiesfutures.org_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humanitiesfutures.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike many of the <a href="/wiki/White_%C3%A9migr%C3%A9" title="White émigré">White Russians</a>, the Eurasianists rejected attempts for <a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Russia" title="Monarchism in Russia">Tsarist restoration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marlène_Laruelle_2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marlène_Laruelle_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To enable their return, Eurasianist <i>émigré</i> became supportive of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">Bolshevik Revolution</a>, but not its stated goals of building a <a href="/wiki/Communist_state" title="Communist state">communist state</a>. Many viewed the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> as a stepping stone on the path of creating a new national identity that would reflect Russia's geopolitical situation. Eurasianist support for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> began in the 1920s during the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1927%E2%80%931953)" title="History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)">Stalinist era</a>, which witnessed the emergence of a distinct <a href="/wiki/Socialist_patriotism" title="Socialist patriotism">socialist nationalism</a> through <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">CPSU</a>'s enforcement of "<a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">Socialism in one country</a>" policy. Despite this, all organized Eurasianist activities in the Soviet Union were ended during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Terror</a> of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1936–1940). After the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>, Stalin's efforts to empower an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> of communist states opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western capitalist world</a> were seen by Eurasianist remnants as compatible with their own ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-Nugraha_99–100_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nugraha_99–100-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eurasianism underwent a resurgence after the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">collapse of the Soviet Union</a> during the 1990s, and has been mirrored by <a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> nations. This new Eurasianism has been described as a kind of <a href="/wiki/Russian_neo-imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian neo-imperialism">Russian neo-imperialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hirsh_Eurasianism_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirsh_Eurasianism-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern Eurasianists have coalesced around three prominent ideological currents: the neo-fascist Eurasianist movement of <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a>; the communist Eurasianism of <a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zyuganov" title="Gennady Zyuganov">Gennady Zyuganov</a>; and a state-sanctioned Eurasianism that advances Russian geopolitical interests.<sup id="cite_ref-Nugraha_99–100_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nugraha_99–100-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eurasianism has been officially endorsed in Russia's 2023 Foreign Policy Concept approved by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, which defined Russia as a "Eurasian and Euro-Pacific" <a href="/wiki/Civilization_state" title="Civilization state">civilizational-state</a> closely aligned with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>, and other countries of the <a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">Global South</a>, seeking to replace Western hegemony by a "Greater Eurasian Partnership".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nomad_studies" title="Nomad studies">Nomad studies</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"We do not belong to any of the great families of the human race; we are neither of the West nor of the East, and we have not the traditions of either" </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Russian philosopher <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Chaadayev" title="Pyotr Chaadayev">Pyotr Chaadayev</a>, 1829<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>The origins of Eurasianism were in the 19th century, when the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> was involved in constant wars with European powers to its west. Many philosophers, intellectuals and strategists were alienated from Europe and felt Europeanization was a threat to Russia's national identity. <a href="/wiki/Russian_poet" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian poet">Russian poet</a> <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Fyodor Dostoevsky</a> famously said in 1881: "<i>In Europe we were <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a>, but in Asia too we are Europeans.</i>" In the aftermath of events like the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">1878 Berlin Treaty</a>, widely decried as a national humiliation in Russia, a new breed of <a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">monarchist</a> elites who advocated eastward expansion, known as <i>vostochniki</i> (Orientalizers), emerged. Many of the <i>vostochniki</i> began emphasizing their "Asianness" to defend the Russian Empire from what they viewed as "<a href="/wiki/Cultural_colonization" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural colonization">intellectual colonization</a>" from the <a href="/wiki/Romano-Germanic_culture" title="Romano-Germanic culture">Romano-Germanic cultures</a> of Western Europe. <a href="/wiki/Czarist" class="mw-redirect" title="Czarist">Czarist</a> <i>vostochniki</i> like the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Leontiev" title="Konstantin Leontiev">Konstantin Leontiev</a> self-identified as a "<a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanian</a>" rather than Slavic, signalling a general Eurasianist cultural shift. Even <a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavic</a> intellectuals began stating their predisposition towards Asia against Europe, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> above <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turks</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Latins" title="Latins">Latins</a>. However, the terminology deployed by the <i>vostochniki</i> had mostly remained ambiguous, with their ideas not attaining a structural ideological character, and served within the frame of <a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperial interests</a>. The ideas of the monarchist <i>vostochniki</i> would, however, become the precursor to the Eurasianist movement that emerged in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik Revolution">Bolshevik Revolution</a> and advocated the formation of a <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation-state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergence">Emergence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Emergence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Russia-controlled_territories_without_Alaska.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Former_Russia-controlled_territories_without_Alaska.png/300px-Former_Russia-controlled_territories_without_Alaska.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Former_Russia-controlled_territories_without_Alaska.png/450px-Former_Russia-controlled_territories_without_Alaska.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Former_Russia-controlled_territories_without_Alaska.png/600px-Former_Russia-controlled_territories_without_Alaska.png 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="1023" /></a><figcaption>Orthographic projection of Greater Russia/Eurasia and near abroad <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#673334; color:white;"> </span> The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1945</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#800000; color:white;"> </span> (Soviet territories that were never part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tuvan_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuvan ASSR">Tuvan ASSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zakarpattia_Oblast" title="Zakarpattia Oblast">Zakarpattia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lviv_Oblast" title="Lviv Oblast">Lviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_Oblast" title="Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast">Ivano-Frankivsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ternopil_Oblast" title="Ternopil Oblast">Ternopil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi_Oblast" title="Chernivtsi Oblast">Chernivtsi</a> regions in west <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurils" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Kurils">southern Kurils</a>)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B31B1B; color:white;"> </span> Additional annexed/occupied territory from the Russian Empire (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy of Finland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Congress_Poland" title="Congress Poland">Congress Poland</a>)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;"> </span> Maximum extent of the Soviet near abroad, 1955 (<a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolian People's Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ED2939; color:black;"> </span> Maximum extent of the Russian Empire's sphere of influence after the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">sale of Alaska</a> in 1867, despite later Soviet attempts to restore them (<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Northern Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Xinjiang" title="Soviet invasion of Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet occupation of Manchuria">Manchuria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Afghanistan</a>)</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Eurasianism is a political movement with origins in the <a href="/wiki/White_%C3%A9migr%C3%A9" title="White émigré">Russian émigré</a> community in the 1920s who had fled Russia in the aftermath of the Bolshevik revolution, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian civil war</a> and witnessed the socio-political turbulence of the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interwar period</a>. The movement posited that Russian civilization does not belong in the "European" or "Asian" categories and constituted a separate "third continent within the <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a>". As <a href="/wiki/Anti-monarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-monarchist">anti-monarchists</a> and proponents of an <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoritarian state">authoritarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>, Eurasianists praised many aspects of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>, and they portrayed the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik movement</a> as a necessary reaction to the rapid modernization of Russian society. Eurasianism was based on a combination of <a href="/wiki/Third-Worldism" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-Worldism">Third-Worldism</a>, resistance to <a href="/wiki/Westernization" title="Westernization">Westernization</a>, championing what it views as the "cultural superiority" of the East over the Western World and defined Eurasia in geographical terms, shared by peoples of <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">Socialism in one country</a>" policy served as a vindication of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in the eyes of many Eurasian activists. These Eurasianists criticized the anti-Bolshevik activities of organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Russian_All-Military_Union" title="Russian All-Military Union">ROVS</a>, believing that the émigré community's energies would be better focused on preparing for this hoped for process of evolution. In turn, their opponents among the emigres argued that the Eurasianists were calling for a compromise with and even support of the Soviet regime, while justifying its ruthless policies (such as the <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union">persecution</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Religion in the Soviet Union">demolition of churches</a>) as mere "transitory problems" that were inevitable results of the revolutionary process. A <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> Eurasianist faction led by <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Suvchinsky" title="Pyotr Suvchinsky">Pyotr Suvchinsky</a> gained traction during the 1920s, which began denouncing the anti-Soviet critics as "<a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeois</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The key leaders of the Eurasianists were Prince <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Trubetzkoy" title="Nikolai Trubetzkoy">Nikolai Trubetzkoy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyotr_Savitsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyotr Savitsky (page does not exist)">Pyotr Savitsky</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Савицкий, Пётр Николаевич">ru</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Suvchinsky" title="Pyotr Suvchinsky">Pyotr Suvchinsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/D.S._Mirsky" class="mw-redirect" title="D.S. Mirsky">D.S. Mirsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chkheidze" title="Konstantin Chkheidze">Konstantin Chkheidze</a>, Pyotr Arapov, <a href="/wiki/Lev_Karsavin" title="Lev Karsavin">Lev Karsavin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Efron" title="Sergei Efron">Sergei Efron</a>. Philosopher <a href="/wiki/Georges_Florovsky" title="Georges Florovsky">Georges Florovsky</a> was initially a supporter, but backed out of the organization claiming it "raises the right questions", but "poses the wrong answers". <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Berdyaev" title="Nikolai Berdyaev">Nikolai Berdyaev</a> wrote that he may have influenced the Eurasianists' acceptance of the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik Revolution">Bolshevik Revolution</a> as a fact, but he noted that a number of key Eurasianist tenets were completely alien and hostile to him: they did not love freedom as he did, they were statists, they were hostile to Western culture in a way Berdyaev was not, and they accepted Orthodoxy in a perfunctory manner.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1925 a congress was held in Prague with the intention of creating a seminar.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the participants was Vladimir Nikolaevich Ilyin (1890-1974), a philosopher, theologian and composer from <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> and not related to <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin" title="Ivan Ilyin">Ivan A. Ilyin</a> who has been presented in the literature by various authors as belonging to the group.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several members of the Eurasianists were affected by the Soviet provocational <a href="/wiki/Trust_Operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Trust Operation">TREST</a> operation, which had set up a fake meeting of Eurasianists in Russia that was attended by the Eurasianist leader P.N. Savitsky in 1926 (an earlier series of trips were also made two years earlier by Eurasianist member P. Arapov). The uncovering of the TREST as a Soviet provocation caused a serious morale blow to the Eurasianists and discredited their public image.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1920s, Eurasianists polarized and became divided in to two groups, the left Eurasianists, who were becoming increasingly pro-Soviet and pro-communist and the classic right Eurasianists, who remained staunchly anti-communist and anti-Soviet.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the emergence of "left Eurasianism" in Paris, where some of the movement's leaders became pro-Soviet, Trubetzkoy who was a staunch <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a> heavily criticised them and eventually broke with the Eurasianist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Eurasianists faded quickly from the Russian émigré community.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1929, the Eurasianists had ceased publishing their periodical. Several organizations similar in spirit to the Eurasianists sprung up in the émigré community at around the same time, such as the pro-Monarchist <a href="/wiki/Mladorossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mladorossi">Mladorossi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Smenovekhovtsy" title="Smenovekhovtsy">Smenovekhovtsi</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the mid-1930s, representatives of the Eurasianist movement who had settled in the Soviet Union were suppressed during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Stalinist purges</a> and émigré Eurasianists had mostly scattered throughout Europe. By 1938, all organized Eurasianist movement had ceased to exist.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early proponents of Eurasianist themes in the West argued that control of the <a href="/wiki/Heartland_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Heartland theory">Eurasian heartland</a> was the key to geopolitical dominance.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It influenced <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Oswald Spengler</a>, as well as various <a href="/wiki/Far_right_extremists" class="mw-redirect" title="Far right extremists">far-right extremists</a>. These included the American white nationalist and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Parker_Yockey" title="Francis Parker Yockey">Francis Parker Yockey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Belgian Nazi collaborator <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Thiriart" title="Jean-François Thiriart">Jean-François Thiriart</a> and interwar German <a href="/wiki/National_Bolsheviks" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bolsheviks">National Bolsheviks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-warq_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warq-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Greater_Russia">Greater Russia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Greater Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Great_Russia" title="Great Russia">Great Russia</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Growth_of_Russia_1613-1914.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Growth_of_Russia_1613-1914.png/250px-Growth_of_Russia_1613-1914.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Growth_of_Russia_1613-1914.png/375px-Growth_of_Russia_1613-1914.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Growth_of_Russia_1613-1914.png/500px-Growth_of_Russia_1613-1914.png 2x" data-file-width="3274" data-file-height="1883" /></a><figcaption>Russian growth 1613–1914</figcaption></figure> <p>The political-cultural concept espoused by some in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> is sometimes called the "Greater Russia" and is described as a political aspiration of pan-Russian <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">irredentists</a> to retake the territories of the other republics of the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, territory of the former <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Democratic Republic of Afghanistan</a>, and amalgamate them into a single Russian state. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rutskoy" title="Alexander Rutskoy">Alexander Rutskoy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of the Russian Federation">vice president of Russia</a> from 1991 to 1993, asserted irredentist claims to <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a> in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ust-Kamenogorsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Ust-Kamenogorsk">Ust-Kamenogorsk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, among other territories.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before <a href="/wiki/2008_South_Ossetia_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 South Ossetia war">war broke out</a> between <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> in 2008, Russian political theorist <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a> visited <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> and predicted: "Our troops will occupy the Georgian capital Tbilisi, the entire country, and perhaps even Ukraine and the Crimean Peninsula, which is historically part of Russia, anyway."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetian</a> president <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Kokoity" title="Eduard Kokoity">Eduard Kokoity</a> is a Eurasianist and argues that South Ossetia has never left the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and should be part of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2022 American journalist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hirsh_(journalist)" title="Michael Hirsh (journalist)">Michael Hirsh</a> wrote that Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> is a messianic <a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian nationalist</a> and a Eurasianist "whose constant invocation of history going back to <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kievan Rus">Kievan Rus</a>, however specious, is the best explanation for his view that Ukraine must be part of Russia's <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">sphere of influence</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eurasianism_as_ideology">Eurasianism as ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Eurasianism as ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #36c; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Category:Conservatism in Russia">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154E9D; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism in Russia</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg/90px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg/135px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg/180px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="568" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eurasianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duginism" class="mw-redirect" title="Duginism">Duginism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Russia" title="Monarchism in Russia">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsarist_autocracy" title="Tsarist autocracy">Tsarism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_nation" title="All-Russian nation">All-Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism#Russia" title="Christian nationalism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavophilia" title="Slavophilia">Slavophilia</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pochvennichestvo" title="Pochvennichestvo">Pochvennichestvo</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism" title="Traditionalist conservatism">Traditionalist conservatism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_autocracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy#Russia" title="Bureaucracy">Bureaucracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantinism#Praise" title="Byzantinism">Byzantinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism#Russia" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox values</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Orthodoxy" title="Nuclear Orthodoxy">Nuclear Orthodoxy</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moscow,_third_Rome" title="Moscow, third Rome">Moscow, third Rome</a></i></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactionism">Reactionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Russia" title="Culture of Russia">Russian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sobornost" title="Sobornost">Sobornost</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Social hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_democracy" title="Sovereign democracy">Sovereign democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hundreds" title="Black Hundreds">Black Hundreds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russia" title="Great Russia">Great Russia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy,_Autocracy,_and_Nationality" title="Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality">Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_%C3%A9migr%C3%A9" title="White émigré">White émigré</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zemstvo" title="Zemstvo">Zemstvo</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Aksakov" title="Konstantin Aksakov">Aksakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Boot" title="Alexander Boot">Boot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Chudinova" title="Elena Chudinova">Chudinova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Dostoevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Frank" title="Semyon Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin" title="Ivan Ilyin">Ilyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Katkov" title="Mikhail Katkov">Katkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Khomyakov" title="Aleksey Khomyakov">Khomyakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Leontiev" title="Konstantin Leontiev">Leontiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Lilienfeld" title="Paul von Lilienfeld">von Lilienfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Obolensky" title="Serge Obolensky">Obolensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Pobedonostsev" title="Konstantin Pobedonostsev">Pobedonostsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prokhanov" title="Alexander Prokhanov">Prokhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Rozanov" title="Vasily Rozanov">Rozanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Semyonov" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyotr Semyonov">Semyonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Shafarevich" title="Igor Shafarevich">Shafarevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Shcherbatov" title="Mikhail Shcherbatov">Shcherbatov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(philosopher)" title="Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)">Solovyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Solzhenitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitirim_Sorokin" title="Pitirim Sorokin">Sorokin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Strakhov" title="Nikolay Strakhov">Strakhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Surkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Tikhomirov" title="Lev Tikhomirov">Tikhomirov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhon_(Shevkunov)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tikhon (Shevkunov)">Tikhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Nikolaevich_Trubetskoy" title="Sergei Nikolaevich Trubetskoy">Trubetskoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Uvarov" title="Sergey Uvarov">Uvarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Vikulov" title="Sergey Vikulov">Vikulov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Wrangel" title="Pyotr Wrangel">Wrangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Yuryev" title="Mikhail Yuryev">Yuryev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Zhukovsky" title="Vasily Zhukovsky">Zhukovsky</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg_Dialogues" title="St Petersburg Dialogues">St Petersburg Dialogues</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1821)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Organic_Theory_of_Societies" class="mw-redirect" title="The Organic Theory of Societies">The Organic Theory of Societies</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1873)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_Revolution" title="Sociology of Revolution">Sociology of Revolution</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">1925</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gulag_Archipelago" title="The Gulag Archipelago">The Gulag Archipelago</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1997)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Notre_Dame_de_Paris_Mosque" title="The Notre Dame de Paris Mosque">The Notre Dame de Paris Mosque</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fourth_Political_Theory" title="The Fourth Political Theory">The Fourth Political Theory</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia" title="Alexander III of Russia">Alexander III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Butina" title="Maria Butina">Butina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dubrovin" title="Alexander Dubrovin">Dubrovin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Durnovo" title="Ivan Durnovo">Durnovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Gryzlov" title="Boris Gryzlov">Gryzlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kolchak" title="Alexander Kolchak">Kolchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavr_Kornilov" title="Lavr Kornilov">Kornilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Lilienfeld" title="Paul von Lilienfeld">von Lilienfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yury_Luzhkov" title="Yury Luzhkov">Luzhkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Malyshkin" title="Oleg Malyshkin">Malyshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelena_Mizulina" title="Yelena Mizulina">Mizulina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Pikhno" title="Dmitry Pikhno">Pikhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Pobedonostsev" title="Konstantin Pobedonostsev">Pobedonostsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Rodzianko" title="Mikhail Rodzianko">Rodzianko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Rogozin" title="Dmitry Rogozin">Rogozin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Rostopchin" title="Fyodor Rostopchin">Rostopchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sadovnichiy" title="Viktor Sadovnichiy">Sadovnichiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Shulgin" title="Vasily Shulgin">Shulgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Slutsky_(politician)" title="Leonid Slutsky (politician)">Slutsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Surkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Tolstoy" title="Dmitry Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_von_Ungern-Sternberg" title="Roman von Ungern-Sternberg">von Ungern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Uvarov" title="Sergey Uvarov">Uvarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Vladimir_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia">Vladimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Volodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Yuryev" title="Mikhail Yuryev">Yuryev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky" title="Vladimir Zhirinovsky">Zhirinovsky</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Party" title="Eurasia Party">Eurasia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russia_(political_party)" title="Great Russia (political party)">Great Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Russia">Liberal Democratic Party of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodina_(political_party)" title="Rodina (political party)">Rodina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_All-People%27s_Union" title="Russian All-People's Union">Russian All-People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Right_Forces" title="Union of Right Forces">Union of Right Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Russia" title="United Russia">United Russia</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/For_Truth" title="For Truth">For Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union">Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Union_(Russia)" title="People's Union (Russia)">People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Russian_People" title="Union of the Russian People">Union of the Russian People</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_People%27s_Front" title="All-Russia People's Front">All-Russia People's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izborsky_Club" title="Izborsky Club">Izborsky Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krepostniki" title="Krepostniki">Krepostniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Russian_People_(2005)" title="Union of the Russian People (2005)">Union of the Russian People</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elementy" title="Elementy">Elementy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kievlyanin" title="Kievlyanin">Kievlyanin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kozma_Minin_(newspaper)" title="Kozma Minin (newspaper)">Kozma Minin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nash_Sovremennik" title="Nash Sovremennik">Nash Sovremennik</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russkoye_Znamya" title="Russkoye Znamya">Russkoye Znamya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zavtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Zavtra">Zavtra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Znamya_(newspaper)" title="Znamya (newspaper)">Znamya</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Russia" title="Anti-American sentiment in Russia">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Anti-Chechenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Islamism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Islamism">Anti-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Polonism">Anti-Polonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Russia" title="Antisemitism in Russia">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia#Russia" title="Tatarophobia">Anti-Tatarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkism#Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Turkism">Anti-Turkism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainianism#Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Ukrainianism">Anti-Ukrainianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Politics of Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Russia" title="Liberalism in Russia">Liberalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_for_Russians" title="Russia for Russians">Russia for Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_under_Vladimir_Putin" title="Russia under Vladimir Putin">Russia under Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serfdom_in_Russia" title="Serfdom in Russia">Serfdom in Russia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silovik" title="Silovik">Silovik</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Template:Conservatism in Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Template talk:Conservatism in Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Drawing on historical, geographical, ethnographical, linguistic, cultural and religious studies, the Eurasianists suggested that the lands of the Russian Empire, and then of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, formed a natural unity. The first Eurasianists were mostly <a href="/wiki/%C3%89migr%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Émigrés">Émigrés</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacifists" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacifists">pacifists</a>, and their vision of the future had features of <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romanticism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utopianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopianism">utopianism</a>. The goal of the Eurasianists was the unification of the main Christian churches under the leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/French_historians" class="mw-redirect" title="French historians">French historian</a> <a href="/wiki/Marl%C3%A8ne_Laruelle" title="Marlène Laruelle">Marlene Laurelle</a>, despite admiring aspects of European fascist movements, early Eurasianist intellectuals were repelled by their glorification of violence, <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militarism</a>, extremism, <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-transcript_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transcript-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> A key feature of Eurasianism is the rejection of Russian <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnic nationalism</a>; which seeks a <a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">pan-Slavic</a> state. The Eurasianists strongly opposed the territorial fragmentation of the Russian Imperial state that had followed in the wake of the revolution and civil war, and they used their geo-historical theories to insist on the necessity of the geopolitical reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian state">Russian state</a> as a unified Eurasian great power.<sup id="cite_ref-humanitiesfutures.org2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humanitiesfutures.org2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike many of the <a href="/wiki/White_%C3%A9migr%C3%A9" title="White émigré">white Russians</a>, the Eurasianists rejected all hope for a restoration of the monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-Marlène_Laruelle_2008_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marlène_Laruelle_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aversion to democracy is an important characteristic of Eurasianism. Eurasianists considered <a href="/wiki/Ideocracy" title="Ideocracy">ideocracy</a> a good thing, provided that the ruling ideas were the right ones.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0._1951_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%D0%92._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0._1951_%D0%B3.jpg/220px-%D0%92._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0._1951_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%D0%92._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0._1951_%D0%B3.jpg/330px-%D0%92._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0._1951_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%D0%92._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0._1951_%D0%B3.jpg/440px-%D0%92._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0._1951_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="781" /></a><figcaption>Appropriation of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">neo-Stalinism</a> are key features in Eurasianism. Neo-Eurasianist ideologue <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a> described Stalin as the "greatest personality in Russian history" who represented "the spirit of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Culture of the Soviet Union">Soviet society</a> and the Soviet people".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Warsaw_Pakt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Location_Warsaw_Pakt.svg/250px-Location_Warsaw_Pakt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Location_Warsaw_Pakt.svg/375px-Location_Warsaw_Pakt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Location_Warsaw_Pakt.svg/500px-Location_Warsaw_Pakt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="247" /></a><figcaption>Former <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> countries</figcaption></figure> <p>For David Lewis, there are a number of people who assert "an alternative topography, articulated in a series of spatial projects – the '<a href="/wiki/Russian_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian World">Russian World</a>', 'Eurasian integration', 'Greater Eurasia' – which aims to carve out a space in opposition to the 'spacelessness' of Western-dominated global order. Influential Russian foreign policy thinkers view the emerging twenty-first-century international order as being constituted not by institutions of global governance, but by a few major political-economic regions, dominated by major powers, a return to the <a href="/wiki/Sphere-of-influence_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphere-of-influence politics">sphere-of-influence politics</a> of the past. It is Russia's goal [say these thinkers] to assert its own central role as a great power, in just such a 'Great Space', that of Eurasia.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis20_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis20-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The head of the <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Academy_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation">Russian Foreign Ministry's school for future diplomats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igor_Panarin" title="Igor Panarin">Igor Panarin</a>, is a vocal Eurasianist, as is the head of the <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_World_Economy_and_International_Affairs" title="Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs">Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs</a> at the Moscow <a href="/wiki/Higher_School_of_Economics" title="Higher School of Economics">Higher School of Economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Karaganov" title="Sergey Karaganov">Sergey Karaganov</a>. Academics such as <a href="/wiki/Natalya_Narochnitskaya" title="Natalya Narochnitskaya">Natalya Narochnitskaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yegor_Kholmogorov" title="Yegor Kholmogorov">Yegor Kholmogorov</a>, and Vadim Tsymburskii all espouse a messianic version of Eurasianism, and twin it with some form of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> theology.<sup id="cite_ref-kushnir19_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kushnir19-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-freeze_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freeze-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasia Movement">Eurasia Movement</a> is a <a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bolshevik">National Bolshevik</a> Russian political movement founded in 2001 by the writer <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Limonov" title="Eduard Limonov">Eduard Limonov</a> and political philosopher <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-au_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-au-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-asad_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asad-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rfe_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfe-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization follows the neo-Eurasian ideology, which adopts an eclectic mixture of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Orthodox faith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-modernization" title="Anti-modernization">anti-modernism</a>, and even some <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> ideas. The organization opposes "American" values such as <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modernism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Burbank_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burbank-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An mentioned exponent of neo-Eurasianism <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dugin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Dugin">Alexander Dugin</a>, who initially followed the ideology of <a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a>, brought into Eurasianism the idea of a "<a href="/wiki/Third_position" class="mw-redirect" title="Third position">third position</a>" (a combination of capitalism and socialism), geopolitics (Eurasianism as a <a href="/wiki/Tellurocracy" title="Tellurocracy">tellurocracy</a>, opposing the Atlantic Anglosphere <a href="/wiki/Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">thalassocracy</a> of the USA and NATO) and <a href="/wiki/Stalinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalinist">Stalinist</a> <a href="/wiki/Russian_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian conservatism">Russian conservatism</a> (the USSR as a major Eurasian power). In Dugin's works, Eurasian concepts and provisions are intertwined with the concepts of <a href="/wiki/European_New_Right" title="European New Right">European New Right</a>. Researchers note that in the formulation of philosophical problems and political projects, he significantly deviates from classical Eurasianism, which is presented in his numerous works very selectively, eclectically. In the neo-Eurasianism of Dugin's version, the Russian ethnos is considered "the most priority Eurasian ethnos", which must fulfill the civilizational mission of forming a Eurasian empire that will occupy the entire continent. The main threat is declared by the United States and the <a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a> in general under a "<a href="/wiki/Neo-liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-liberal">neo-liberal</a>" ideology he calls "<a href="/wiki/Atlanticism" title="Atlanticism">Atlanticism</a>". The most preferred form of government is a Russian fascist dictatorship and a <a href="/wiki/Totalitarian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Totalitarian state">totalitarian state</a> with complete ideological control over society. In the 1990s, Dugin criticized <a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian fascism</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="German Nazism">German Nazism</a> as "not fascist enough", and accused China of anti-Russian subversion. In subsequent years he abandoned direct apology for fascism and prefers to speak from the positions of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative revolution">conservative revolution</a> and National Bolshevism, which, however, researchers also refer to varieties of fascism called the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Political_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Political Theory">Fourth Political Theory</a>. Thus, Marlene Laurelle has portrayed Dugin's neo-Eurasianism as being very similar to the militant mentality of <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">inter-war</a> <a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">fascist movements in Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-transcript_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transcript-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He headed 2023 establishment the <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin" title="Ivan Ilyin">Ivan Ilyin</a> Higher School of Politics at the <a href="/wiki/Russian_State_University_for_the_Humanities" title="Russian State University for the Humanities">Russian State University for the Humanities</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern Eurasianism has been criticized as a <a href="/wiki/Russian_neo-imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian neo-imperialism">Russian neo-imperialist</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hirsh_Eurasianism_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirsh_Eurasianism-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">expansionist</a> ideology rooted in <a href="/wiki/Tsarist_autocracy" title="Tsarist autocracy">Tsarist</a> notions of "Russian exceptionalism" that attempts to maintain <a href="/wiki/Russian_ethnicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian ethnicity">Russian ethnic</a> hegemony over non-Russian minorities living in <a href="/wiki/Modern_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Russia">modern Russia</a>'s spheres of influence, through the creation of a new <a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">national mythos</a>. The anti-Western orientation of Eurasianism has been weaponized in <a href="/wiki/Putinist_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Putinist Russia">Putinist Russia</a> to shut down any dissent from the official <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> line.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Political scientist <a href="/wiki/Anton_Shekhovtsov" title="Anton Shekhovtsov">Anton Shekhovtsov</a> defined Dugin's version of Neo-Eurasianism as "a form of a <a href="/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">fascist</a> ideology centred on the idea of revolutionising the Russian society and building a <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarian</a>, Russia-dominated Eurasian Empire that would challenge and eventually defeat its eternal adversary represented by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Atlanticism" title="Atlanticism">Atlanticist</a> allies, thus bringing about a new 'golden age' of global political and cultural <a href="/wiki/Illiberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Illiberalism">illiberalism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Australian russologist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dibb" title="Paul Dibb">Paul Dibb</a> identifies Putin, supported by Panarin, Karaganov and Dugin, as having "begun to stress the geopolitics of what they call 'Eurasianism', which is an intellectual movement promoting an ideology of Russian–Asian greatness." In this context, a westernized <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> would be in the words of Karaganov "a spearhead aimed at the heart of Russia".<sup id="cite_ref-dibb22_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dibb22-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eurasianism would seem negatively to impact the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic countries">Baltic countries</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sazonov22_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sazonov22-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kushnir19_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kushnir19-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Igor Torbakov argued in June 2022 that "According to the Kremlin's geopolitical outlook, Russia could only successfully compete with the United States, China or the European Union if it acts as a leader of the regional bloc. Bringing Russia and its ex-Soviet neighbours into a closely integrated community of states, Russian strategists contend, would allow this Eurasian association to become one of the major centres of global and regional governance."<sup id="cite_ref-torbakov_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torbakov-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Clover, Eurasianism appeared to be all the rage in early 21st-century Russia. One commentator noted that during Putin's later years, it was "one of the best known and most frequently mentioned political movements of the period."<sup id="cite_ref-it19_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it19-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eurasianist_geo-politics">Eurasianist geo-politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Eurasianist geo-politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ideologically, President of <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a>'s speech in March 1994 at <a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State University</a> became the starting point for the implementation of a pragmatic Eurasianism. He proposed an <a href="/wiki/Regional_integration" title="Regional integration">integration</a> paradigm that was fundamentally new at the time: to move towards a Eurasian Union based on economic integration and common defense.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This vision has been later materialized in the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a>. Eurasianism in Nazarbayev's reading is seen as a system of foreign policy, economic ideas and priorities (as opposed to a philosophy). This type of Eurasianism is unequivocally open to the outside world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eurasian_Economic_Union">Eurasian Economic Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Eurasian Economic Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union">Enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurasian_Economic_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Eurasian_Economic_Union.svg/300px-Eurasian_Economic_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Eurasian_Economic_Union.svg/450px-Eurasian_Economic_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Eurasian_Economic_Union.svg/600px-Eurasian_Economic_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Eurasian Economic Union was founded in January 2015, consisting of <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, Russia and observer members <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, all of them (except Cuba) being previous members of the Soviet Union. Members include states from both Europe and Asia; the union promotes political and economic cooperation among members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Collective Security Treaty Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></div> <p>The Collective Security Treaty Organization is an <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">intergovernmental</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_alliance" title="Military alliance">military alliance</a> that was signed on 15 May 1992. In 1992, six post-Soviet states belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a> – Russia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> – signed the Collective Security Treaty (also referred to as the "<b>Tashkent Pact</b>" or "<b>Tashkent Treaty</b>").<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three other post-Soviet states – <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> – signed the next year and the treaty took effect in 1994. Five years later, six of the nine – all but Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Uzbekistan – agreed to renew the treaty for five more years, and in 2002 those six agreed to create the Collective Security Treaty Organization as a military alliance. Uzbekistan rejoined the CSTO in 2006 but withdrew in 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eurasianist_foreign_policy_doctrine_of_Russia">Eurasianist foreign policy doctrine of Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Eurasianist foreign policy doctrine of Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eurasianist sentiments have been on the rise across Russian society since the ascent of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> in the country. In a poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/Levada_Center" title="Levada Center">Levada Center</a> in 2021, 64% of Russian citizens identify Russia as a non-European country; while only 29% regarded Russia to be part of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a>, deputy chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Security_Council_of_Russia" title="Security Council of Russia">Security Council of Russia</a> and former Russian President, in 2022, has declared on his Telegram channel the state goal "to finally build Eurasia from <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> to <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Russia adopted a Eurasianist, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Anti-Western sentiment">anti-Western</a> foreign policy strategy in a document titled "<i>The Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation</i>" approved by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>. The document defined Russia as a "unique country-civilization and a vast <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasian</a> and Euro-Pacific power" that seeks to create a "Greater Eurasian Partnership" by pursuing close relations with China, India, countries of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic world">Islamic World</a> and rest of the <a href="/wiki/Global_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Global South">Global South</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>). The policy identifies <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and other <a href="/wiki/English_speaking_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="English speaking countries">Anglosphere</a> as "the main inspirer, organizer and executor of the aggressive <a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">anti-Russian</a> policy of the collective West" and seeks the end of geopolitical <a href="/wiki/American_hegemony" class="mw-redirect" title="American hegemony">American dominance</a> in the international scene. The document also adopts a <a href="/wiki/Neo-Sovietism" title="Neo-Sovietism">neo-Soviet</a> posture, positioning Russia as the successor state of USSR and calls for spreading "accurate information" about the "decisive contribution of the Soviet Union" in shaping the <a href="/wiki/Post_WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="Post WWII">post-WWII</a> <a href="/wiki/International_order" title="International order">international order</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Turkey">In Turkey</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_peuples_turcs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Carte_peuples_turcs.png/220px-Carte_peuples_turcs.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Carte_peuples_turcs.png/330px-Carte_peuples_turcs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Carte_peuples_turcs.png/440px-Carte_peuples_turcs.png 2x" data-file-width="1690" data-file-height="1036" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of the Turkic peoples in Eurasia</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the late 1990s, Eurasianism has gained some following in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> among neo-nationalist (<i><a href="/wiki/Ulusalc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulusalcılık">ulusalcı</a></i>) circles. The most prominent figure who is associated with Dugin is <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Perin%C3%A7ek" title="Doğu Perinçek">Doğu Perinçek</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Patriotic Party (Turkey)">Patriotic Party</a> (<i>Vatan Partisi</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the future time depicted in <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty_Four" class="mw-redirect" title="Nineteen Eighty Four">Nineteen Eighty Four</a></i>, the Soviet Union has mutated into <a href="/wiki/Eurasia_(Nineteen_Eighty-Four)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasia (Nineteen Eighty-Four)">Eurasia</a>, one of the three superstates dominating the world. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Heinlein" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Heinlein">Robert Heinlein</a>'s story "<a href="/wiki/Solution_Unsatisfactory" title="Solution Unsatisfactory">Solution Unsatisfactory</a>" depicts a future in which the Soviet Union would be transformed into "The Eurasian Union". Whether or not there is any connection between these uses of the term "Eurasia" and the geopolitical ideology of Eurasianism is unclear. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_nation" title="All-Russian nation">All-Russian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Observatory_for_Democracy_and_Elections" title="Eurasian Observatory for Democracy and Elections">Eurasian Observatory for Democracy and Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Party" title="Eurasia Party">Eurasia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_Region" title="Intermediate Region">Intermediate Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifest_destiny" title="Manifest destiny">Manifest destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Game" title="Great Game">Great Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanticism" title="Atlanticism">Atlanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Sovietism" title="Neo-Sovietism">Neo-Sovietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostalgia_for_the_Soviet_Union" title="Nostalgia for the Soviet Union">Nostalgia for the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashism">Rashism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia">Conservatism in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">Post-Soviet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Russia" title="Territorial evolution of Russia">Territorial evolution of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Gumilyov" class="mw-redirect" title="Lev Gumilyov">Lev Gumilyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Turanism" title="Hungarian Turanism">Hungarian Turanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Turanism">Pan-Turanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Foundations_of_Geopolitics" class="mw-redirect" title="The Foundations of Geopolitics">The Foundations of Geopolitics</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Kitsikis" title="Dimitri Kitsikis">Dimitri Kitsikis</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-books.google.nl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.nl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.nl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.nl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBöss1961" class="citation web cs1">Böss, Otto (14 January 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F-lSPuoXuNUC&q=Il%27in&pg=PA7">"Die Lehre der Eurasier: ein Beitrag zur russischen Ideengeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts"</a>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Lehre+der+Eurasier%3A+ein+Beitrag+zur+russischen+Ideengeschichte+des+20.+Jahrhunderts&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=1961-01-14&rft.aulast=B%C3%B6ss&rft.aufirst=Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF-lSPuoXuNUC%26q%3DIl%2527in%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-humanitiesfutures.org-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-humanitiesfutures.org_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanitiesfutures.org/papers/re-imagining-world-spaces-new-relevance-eurasia/">"Re-imagining World Spaces: The New Relevance of Eurasia"</a>. 31 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Re-imagining+World+Spaces%3A+The+New+Relevance+of+Eurasia&rft.date=2016-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanitiesfutures.org%2Fpapers%2Fre-imagining-world-spaces-new-relevance-eurasia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marlène_Laruelle_2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marlène_Laruelle_2008_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marlène_Laruelle_2008_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marlène Laruelle (2008) Russian Eurasianism: An Ideology of Empire. Woodrow Wilson Center Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nugraha_99–100-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nugraha_99–100_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nugraha_99–100_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNugraha2018" class="citation journal cs1">Nugraha, Aryanta (February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230706065357/https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JGS/article/view/7728/4577">"Neo-Eurasianism in Russian Foreign Policy: Echoes from the Past or Compromise with the Future?"</a>. <i>Jurnal Global & Strategis</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 99–100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.20473%2Fjgs.9.1.2015.95-110">10.20473/jgs.9.1.2015.95-110</a></span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JGS/article/view/7728/4577">the original</a> on 6 July 2023 – via Global Strategis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jurnal+Global+%26+Strategis&rft.atitle=Neo-Eurasianism+in+Russian+Foreign+Policy%3A+Echoes+from+the+Past+or+Compromise+with+the+Future%3F&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=99-100&rft.date=2018-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.20473%2Fjgs.9.1.2015.95-110&rft.aulast=Nugraha&rft.aufirst=Aryanta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe-journal.unair.ac.id%2FJGS%2Farticle%2Fview%2F7728%2F4577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hirsh_Eurasianism-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hirsh_Eurasianism_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hirsh_Eurasianism_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Hirsh2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hirsh_(journalist)" title="Michael Hirsh (journalist)">Michael Hirsh</a> (12 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/12/putins-thousand-year-war/">"Putin's Thousand-Year War"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Thousand-Year+War&rft.date=2022-03-12&rft.au=Michael+Hirsh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2022%2F03%2F12%2Fputins-thousand-year-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1999" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Graham (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/623236">"The Masks of Proteus: Russia, Geopolitical Shift and the New Eurasianism"</a>. <i>Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers</i>. <b>24</b> (4): 481–494. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999TrIBG..24..481S">1999TrIBG..24..481S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0020-2754.1999.t01-2-00481.x">10.1111/j.0020-2754.1999.t01-2-00481.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/623236">623236</a> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Institute+of+British+Geographers&rft.atitle=The+Masks+of+Proteus%3A+Russia%2C+Geopolitical+Shift+and+the+New+Eurasianism&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=481-494&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F623236%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0020-2754.1999.t01-2-00481.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999TrIBG..24..481S&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F623236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415103330/https://www.dw.com/en/russia-adopts-new-anti-west-foreign-policy-strategy/a-65198660">"Russia adopts new anti-West foreign policy strategy"</a>. <i>Deutsche Welle</i>. 31 March 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/russia-adopts-new-anti-west-foreign-policy-strategy/a-65198660">the original</a> on 15 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Russia+adopts+new+anti-West+foreign+policy+strategy&rft.date=2023-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Frussia-adopts-new-anti-west-foreign-policy-strategy%2Fa-65198660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould-Davies2023" class="citation web cs1">Gould-Davies, Nigel (6 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502170222/https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2023/04/russia-new-foreign-policy-concept-the-impact-of-war/">"Russia's new foreign-policy concept: the impact of war"</a>. <i>IISS</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2023/04/russia-new-foreign-policy-concept-the-impact-of-war/">the original</a> on 2 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IISS&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+new+foreign-policy+concept%3A+the+impact+of+war&rft.date=2023-04-06&rft.aulast=Gould-Davies&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iiss.org%2Fonline-analysis%2Fonline-analysis%2F2023%2F04%2Frussia-new-foreign-policy-concept-the-impact-of-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410161817/https://russiaeu.ru/en/news/concept-foreign-policy-russian-federation">"The Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation"</a>. <i>Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the European Union</i>. 1 March 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://russiaeu.ru/en/news/concept-foreign-policy-russian-federation">the original</a> on 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Permanent+Mission+of+the+Russian+Federation+to+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=The+Concept+of+the+Foreign+Policy+of+the+Russian+Federation&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frussiaeu.ru%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fconcept-foreign-policy-russian-federation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurelle2008" class="citation book cs1">Laurelle, Marlene (2008). "Introduction". <i>Russian Eurasianism: An Ideology of Empire</i>. Translated by Gabowitsch, Mischa. Baltimore, Maryland 21211: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 2–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-9073-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-9073-4"><bdi>978-0-8018-9073-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Russian+Eurasianism%3A+An+Ideology+of+Empire&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland+21211&rft.pages=2-3&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-9073-4&rft.aulast=Laurelle&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurelle2008" class="citation book cs1">Laurelle, Marlene (2008). "Introduction". <i>Russian Eurasianism: An Ideology of Empire</i>. Translated by Gabowitsch, Mischa. Baltimore, Maryland 21211: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-9073-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-9073-4"><bdi>978-0-8018-9073-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Russian+Eurasianism%3A+An+Ideology+of+Empire&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland+21211&rft.pages=1-4&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-9073-4&rft.aulast=Laurelle&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurelle2008" class="citation book cs1">Laurelle, Marlene (2008). <i>Russian Eurasianism: An Ideology of Empire</i>. Translated by Gabowitsch, Mischa. Baltimore, Maryland 21211: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 16–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-9073-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-9073-4"><bdi>978-0-8018-9073-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+Eurasianism%3A+An+Ideology+of+Empire&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland+21211&rft.pages=16-49&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-9073-4&rft.aulast=Laurelle&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurelle2008" class="citation book cs1">Laurelle, Marlene (2008). <i>Russian Eurasianism: An Ideology of Empire</i>. Translated by Gabowitsch, Mischa. Baltimore, Maryland 21211: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 21, 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-9073-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-9073-4"><bdi>978-0-8018-9073-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+Eurasianism%3A+An+Ideology+of+Empire&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland+21211&rft.pages=21%2C+22&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-9073-4&rft.aulast=Laurelle&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berdyaev, Samopoznanie. Web: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://yakov.works/library/02_b/berdyaev/1940_39_10.htm">http://yakov.works/library/02_b/berdyaev/1940_39_10.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122001708/http://yakov.works/library/02_b/berdyaev/1940_39_10.htm">Archived</a> 2021-01-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravenc.ru/text/389449.html">"ИЛЬИН"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%98%D0%9D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravenc.ru%2Ftext%2F389449.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFАлпатовАшнин1996" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Алпатов, В. М.; Ашнин, Ф. Д. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://istina.ipmnet.ru/publications/article/5597401/">"Евразийство в зеркале ОГПУ-НКВД-КГБ"</a>. <i>Вестник Евразии=Acta Eurasica</i> (in Russian). <b>2</b> (3): 5–18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8%3DActa+Eurasica&rft.atitle=%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B2+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%9F%D0%A3-%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%92%D0%94-%D0%9A%D0%93%D0%91&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=5-18&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%92.+%D0%9C.&rft.au=%D0%90%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%2C+%D0%A4.+%D0%94.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fistina.ipmnet.ru%2Fpublications%2Farticle%2F5597401%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syg.ma/@geograf-smirnoff/lievoie-ievraziistvo-i-postkolonialnaia-tieoriia">"Николай Смирнов. Левое евразийство и постколониальная теория"</a>. <i>syg.ma</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=syg.ma&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyg.ma%2F%40geograf-smirnoff%2Flievoie-ievraziistvo-i-postkolonialnaia-tieoriia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syg.ma/@geograf-smirnoff/lievoie-ievraziistvo-i-postkolonialnaia-tieoriia">"Николай Смирнов. Левое евразийство и постколониальная теория"</a>. <i>syg.ma</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=syg.ma&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyg.ma%2F%40geograf-smirnoff%2Flievoie-ievraziistvo-i-postkolonialnaia-tieoriia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rodinananeve.ru/ivan-ilyin-voyna-uchit-nas-jit-lubia-nechto-visshee/">"Иван Ильин: Война учит нас жить, любя нечто высшее · Родина на Неве"</a>. 3 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%3A+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%2C+%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B5+%C2%B7+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5&rft.date=2022-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frodinananeve.ru%2Fivan-ilyin-voyna-uchit-nas-jit-lubia-nechto-visshee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runivers.ru/philosophy/lib/authors/author154634/">"Ильин Владимир Николаевич: Русская философия : Руниверс"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%3A+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%3A+%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frunivers.ru%2Fphilosophy%2Flib%2Fauthors%2Fauthor154634%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308175044/https://bigenc.ru/philosophy/text/1973841">"ЕВРАЗИЙСТВО • Большая российская энциклопедия - электронная версия"</a>. <i>bigenc.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/philosophy/text/1973841">the original</a> on 8 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bigenc.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%95%D0%92%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%97%D0%98%D0%99%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%92%D0%9E+%E2%80%A2+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+-+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigenc.ru%2Fphilosophy%2Ftext%2F1973841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2021" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Matthew (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NSA3EAAAQBAJ"><i>A World after Liberalism: Philosophers of the Radical Right</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300263084" title="Special:BookSources/9780300263084"><bdi>9780300263084</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+World+after+Liberalism%3A+Philosophers+of+the+Radical+Right&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780300263084&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNSA3EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span> p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulhall2020" class="citation book cs1">Mulhall, Joe (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8i34DwAAQBAJ&q=British+Fascism+After+the+Holocaust:+From+the+Birth+of+Denial+to+the+Notting+Hill+Riots+1939%E2%80%931958"><i>British Fascism After the Holocaust: From the Birth of Denial to the Notting Hill Riots 1939–1958</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429840258" title="Special:BookSources/9780429840258"><bdi>9780429840258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Fascism+After+the+Holocaust%3A+From+the+Birth+of+Denial+to+the+Notting+Hill+Riots+1939%E2%80%931958&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780429840258&rft.aulast=Mulhall&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8i34DwAAQBAJ%26q%3DBritish%2BFascism%2BAfter%2Bthe%2BHolocaust%3A%2BFrom%2Bthe%2BBirth%2Bof%2BDenial%2Bto%2Bthe%2BNotting%2BHill%2BRiots%2B1939%25E2%2580%25931958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span> p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-warq-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-warq_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllensworth1998" class="citation book cs1">Allensworth, Wayne (1998). <i>The Russian Question: Nationalism, Modernization and Post-Communist Russia</i>. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. p. 251.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Russian+Question%3A+Nationalism%2C+Modernization+and+Post-Communist+Russia&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pages=251&rft.pub=Rowman+and+Littlefield&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Allensworth&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapmanRoeder2007" class="citation journal cs1">Chapman, Thomas; Roeder, Philip G. (November 2007). "Partition as a Solution to Wars of Nationalism: The Importance of Institutions". <i>American Political Science Review</i>. <b>101</b> (4): 680. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0003055407070438">10.1017/s0003055407070438</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146457337">146457337</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=Partition+as+a+Solution+to+Wars+of+Nationalism%3A+The+Importance+of+Institutions&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=680&rft.date=2007-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0003055407070438&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146457337%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Roeder%2C+Philip+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,574812,00.html">"Road to War in Georgia: The Chronicle of a Caucasian Tragedy"</a>, <i>Spiegel</i>, August 25, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/4928">Neo-Eurasianist Aleksandr Dugin on the Russia-Georgia Conflict</a>, CACI Analyst, September 3, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/12/putins-thousand-year-war/">"Putin's Thousand-Year War"</a>. <i>Foreign Policy</i>. 12 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Thousand-Year+War&rft.date=2022-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2022%2F03%2F12%2Fputins-thousand-year-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.nl2-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.nl2_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBöss1961" class="citation web cs1">Böss, Otto (14 January 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F-lSPuoXuNUC&q=Il%27in&pg=PA7">"Die Lehre der Eurasier: ein Beitrag zur russischen Ideengeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts"</a>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Lehre+der+Eurasier%3A+ein+Beitrag+zur+russischen+Ideengeschichte+des+20.+Jahrhunderts&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=1961-01-14&rft.aulast=B%C3%B6ss&rft.aufirst=Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF-lSPuoXuNUC%26q%3DIl%2527in%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-transcript-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-transcript_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-transcript_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://srbpodcast.org/2019/03/08/transcript-russian-nationalism/">"Transcript: Russian Nationalism"</a> (Interview). 8 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transcript%3A+Russian+Nationalism&rft.date=2019-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsrbpodcast.org%2F2019%2F03%2F08%2Ftranscript-russian-nationalism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-humanitiesfutures.org2-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-humanitiesfutures.org2_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanitiesfutures.org/papers/re-imagining-world-spaces-new-relevance-eurasia/">"Re-imagining World Spaces: The New Relevance of Eurasia"</a>. 31 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Re-imagining+World+Spaces%3A+The+New+Relevance+of+Eurasia&rft.date=2016-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanitiesfutures.org%2Fpapers%2Fre-imagining-world-spaces-new-relevance-eurasia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stephenshenfield.net/themes/jewish-issues/jews-in-tsarist-russia/105-the-jewish-eurasianism-of-yakov-bromberg">"The Jewish Eurasianism of Yakov Bromberg"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Eurasianism+of+Yakov+Bromberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstephenshenfield.net%2Fthemes%2Fjewish-issues%2Fjews-in-tsarist-russia%2F105-the-jewish-eurasianism-of-yakov-bromberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarman2022" class="citation news cs1">Garman, Liam (26 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706132241/https://www.defenceconnect.com.au/key-enablers/10070-neo-eurasianism-placing-russia-on-a-path-of-collision-with-the-west">"Neo-Eurasianism – placing Russia on a path of collision with the West"</a>. <i>Defence Connect</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defenceconnect.com.au/key-enablers/10070-neo-eurasianism-placing-russia-on-a-path-of-collision-with-the-west">the original</a> on 6 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Connect&rft.atitle=Neo-Eurasianism+%E2%80%93+placing+Russia+on+a+path+of+collision+with+the+West&rft.date=2022-05-26&rft.aulast=Garman&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenceconnect.com.au%2Fkey-enablers%2F10070-neo-eurasianism-placing-russia-on-a-path-of-collision-with-the-west&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhapaeva2016" class="citation journal cs1">Khapaeva, Dina (4 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308203510/https://online.ucpress.edu/cpcs/article-abstract/49/1/61/595/Triumphant-memory-of-the-perpetrators-Putin-s?redirectedFrom=fulltext">"Triumphant memory of the perpetrators: Putin's politics of re-Stalinization"</a>. <i>Communist and Post-Communist Studies</i>. <b>49</b> (1): 69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.postcomstud.2015.12.007">10.1016/j.postcomstud.2015.12.007</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.ucpress.edu/cpcs/article-abstract/49/1/61/595/Triumphant-memory-of-the-perpetrators-Putin-s?redirectedFrom=fulltext">the original</a> on 8 March 2022 – via University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communist+and+Post-Communist+Studies&rft.atitle=Triumphant+memory+of+the+perpetrators%3A+Putin%27s+politics+of+re-Stalinization&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=69&rft.date=2016-02-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.postcomstud.2015.12.007&rft.aulast=Khapaeva&rft.aufirst=Dina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.ucpress.edu%2Fcpcs%2Farticle-abstract%2F49%2F1%2F61%2F595%2FTriumphant-memory-of-the-perpetrators-Putin-s%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lewis20-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lewis20_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2020" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, David G. (1 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474454766.001.0001"><i>Russia's New Authoritarianism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fedinburgh%2F9781474454766.001.0001">10.3366/edinburgh/9781474454766.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781474454766" title="Special:BookSources/9781474454766"><bdi>9781474454766</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240161609">240161609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+New+Authoritarianism&rft.date=2020-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A240161609%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fedinburgh%2F9781474454766.001.0001&rft.isbn=9781474454766&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=David+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3366%2Fedinburgh%2F9781474454766.001.0001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kushnir19-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kushnir19_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kushnir19_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKushnir2019" class="citation journal cs1">Kushnir, Ostap (March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cejiss.org/messianic-narrations-in-contemporary-russian-statecraft-and-foreign-policy">"Messianic Narrations in Contemporary Russian Statecraft and Foreign Policy"</a>. <i>Central European Journal of International and Security Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 37–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.51870%2FCEJISS.A130108">10.51870/CEJISS.A130108</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213500360">213500360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+European+Journal+of+International+and+Security+Studies&rft.atitle=Messianic+Narrations+in+Contemporary+Russian+Statecraft+and+Foreign+Policy&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-62&rft.date=2019-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.51870%2FCEJISS.A130108&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213500360%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kushnir&rft.aufirst=Ostap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cejiss.org%2Fmessianic-narrations-in-contemporary-russian-statecraft-and-foreign-policy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-freeze-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-freeze_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freeze, Gregory L. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/kritika/v002/2.2freeze.html">Recent Scholarship on Russian Orthodoxy: A Critique</a>." <i>Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History</i> 2#2 (2008): 269–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKipp2002" class="citation journal cs1">Kipp, Jacob W. (September 2002). "Aleksandr Dugin and the ideology of national revival: Geopolitics, Eurasianism and the conservative revolution". <i>European Security</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 91–125. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09662830208407539">10.1080/09662830208407539</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153557856">153557856</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Security&rft.atitle=Aleksandr+Dugin+and+the+ideology+of+national+revival%3A+Geopolitics%2C+Eurasianism+and+the+conservative+revolution&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=91-125&rft.date=2002-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09662830208407539&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153557856%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kipp&rft.aufirst=Jacob+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-au-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-au_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neweasterneurope.eu/2017/03/20/alexander-dugin-a-russian-scarecrow/">"Alexander Dugin – A Russian scarecrow"</a>. POLISH MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND NATIONAL HERITAGE. NEW EASTERN EUROPE. 17 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alexander+Dugin+%E2%80%93+A+Russian+scarecrow&rft.date=2017-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fneweasterneurope.eu%2F2017%2F03%2F20%2Falexander-dugin-a-russian-scarecrow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28229785">"Russian nationalist thinker Dugin sees war with Ukraine"</a>. BBC. 10 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russian+nationalist+thinker+Dugin+sees+war+with+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-28229785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asad-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asad_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShekhovtsov2009" class="citation journal cs1">Shekhovtsov, Anton (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk/russian/nationalism/shekhovtsov2.html">"Aleksandr Dugin's Neo-Eurasianism: The New Right à la Russe"</a>. <i>Religion Compass</i>. <b>3</b> (4): 697–716. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1749-8171.2009.00158.x">10.1111/j.1749-8171.2009.00158.x</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religion+Compass&rft.atitle=Aleksandr+Dugin%27s+Neo-Eurasianism%3A+The+New+Right+%C3%A0+la+Russe&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=697-716&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1749-8171.2009.00158.x&rft.aulast=Shekhovtsov&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk%2Frussian%2Fnationalism%2Fshekhovtsov2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfe-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfe_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/russian-nationalist-dugin-says-eu-denied-him-entry-greece/27741482.html">"Russian Nationalist Dugin Says Greece Briefly Detained Him At Border"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 18 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russian+Nationalist+Dugin+Says+Greece+Briefly+Detained+Him+At+Border&rft.date=2016-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Frussian-nationalist-dugin-says-eu-denied-him-entry-greece%2F27741482.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burbank-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burbank_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurbank2022" class="citation news cs1">Burbank, Jane (22 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/22/opinion/russia-ukraine-putin-eurasianism.html?">"The Grand Theory Driving Putin to War"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. New York City<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2022</span>. <q>After unsuccessful interventions in post-Soviet party politics, Mr. Dugin focused on developing his influence where it counted — with the military and policymakers... In Mr. Dugin's adjustment of Eurasianism to present conditions, Russia had a new opponent — no longer just Europe, but the whole of the 'Atlantic' world led by the United States. And his Eurasianism was not anti-imperial but the opposite: Russia had always been an empire, Russian people were 'imperial people,' and after the crippling 1990s sellout to the 'eternal enemy,' Russia could revive in the next phase of global combat and become a 'world empire.' On the civilizational front, Mr. Dugin highlighted the long-term connection between Eastern Orthodoxy and Russian empire. Orthodoxy's combat against Western Christianity and Western decadence could be harnessed to the geopolitical war to come.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Grand+Theory+Driving+Putin+to+War&rft.date=2022-03-22&rft.aulast=Burbank&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F03%2F22%2Fopinion%2Frussia-ukraine-putin-eurasianism.html%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton,_Tara_Isabella2022" class="citation news cs1">Burton, Tara Isabella (12 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2022/05/12/dugin-russia-ukraine-putin/">"The far-right mystical writer who helped shape Putin's view of Russia"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+far-right+mystical+writer+who+helped+shape+Putin%27s+view+of+Russia&rft.date=2022-05-12&rft.au=Burton%2C+Tara+Isabella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Foutlook%2F2022%2F05%2F12%2Fdugin-russia-ukraine-putin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis,_Lall2023" class="citation journal cs1">Lewis, Lall, Alexandra, Marie (4 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10734-023-01074-0">"From decolonisation to authoritarianism: the co-option of the decolonial agenda in higher education by right-wing nationalist elites in Russia and India"</a>. <i>Higher Education</i>. <b>87</b> (5): 1471–1488. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10734-023-01074-0">10.1007/s10734-023-01074-0</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Higher+Education&rft.atitle=From+decolonisation+to+authoritarianism%3A+the+co-option+of+the+decolonial+agenda+in+higher+education+by+right-wing+nationalist+elites+in+Russia+and+India&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1471-1488&rft.date=2023-07-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10734-023-01074-0&rft.aulast=Lewis%2C+Lall&rft.aufirst=Alexandra%2C+Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs10734-023-01074-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shekhovtsov, Anton (2018) <i>Russia and the Western Far Right</i>: <i>Tango Noir</i>, Abingdon, Routledge, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dibb22-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dibb22_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDibb2022" class="citation news cs1">Dibb, Paul (7 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aspi.org.au/report/geopolitical-implications-russias-invasion-ukraine">"The geopolitical implications of Russia's invasion of Ukraine"</a>. Australian Strategic Policy Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+geopolitical+implications+of+Russia%27s+invasion+of+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-09-07&rft.aulast=Dibb&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aspi.org.au%2Freport%2Fgeopolitical-implications-russias-invasion-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sazonov22-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sazonov22_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSazonovPloomVeebel2022" class="citation journal cs1">Sazonov, Vladimir; Ploom, Illimar; Veebel, Viljar (May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2478%2Fbjes-2022-0002">"The Kremlin's Information Influence Campaigns in Estonia and Estonian Response in the Context of Russian-Western Relations"</a>. <i>TalTech Journal of European Studies</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 27–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2478%2Fbjes-2022-0002">10.2478/bjes-2022-0002</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249960640">249960640</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TalTech+Journal+of+European+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Kremlin%27s+Information+Influence+Campaigns+in+Estonia+and+Estonian+Response+in+the+Context+of+Russian-Western+Relations&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27-59&rft.date=2022-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2478%2Fbjes-2022-0002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A249960640%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sazonov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft.au=Ploom%2C+Illimar&rft.au=Veebel%2C+Viljar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2478%252Fbjes-2022-0002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-torbakov-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-torbakov_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorbakov2022" class="citation news cs1">Torbakov, Igor (11 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurozine.com/no-empire-without-end/">"No empire without end"</a>. Eurozine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=No+empire+without+end&rft.date=2022-07-11&rft.aulast=Torbakov&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurozine.com%2Fno-empire-without-end%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-it19-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-it19_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorbakov2019" class="citation book cs1">Torbakov, Igor (2019). "2". In Bernsand, Niklas; Törnquist-Plewa, Barbara (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctvbqs855.6"><i><span></span>'Middle Continent' or 'Island Russia': Eurasianist Legacy and Vadim Tsymburskii's Revisionist Geopolitics</i></a>. Vol. 11. Cultural and Political Imaginaries in Putin's Russia: Brill. pp. 37–62. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctvbqs855.6">10.1163/j.ctvbqs855.6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2&rft.btitle=%27Middle+Continent%27+or+%27Island+Russia%27%3A+Eurasianist+Legacy+and+Vadim+Tsymburskii%27s+Revisionist+Geopolitics&rft.place=Cultural+and+Political+Imaginaries+in+Putin%27s+Russia&rft.pages=37-62&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1163%2Fj.ctvbqs855.6%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Torbakov&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1163%2Fj.ctvbqs855.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazarbayev1997" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nazarbayev, Nursultan (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200412161454/https://presidentlibrary.kz/en/node/908">"Eurasian Union: Ideas, Practice, Perspectives 1994-1997"</a> (in Russian). Moscow: Fund for cooperation and development in social and political science. p. 480. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://presidentlibrary.kz/en/node/908">the original</a> on 12 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurasian+Union%3A+Ideas%2C+Practice%2C+Perspectives+1994-1997&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=480&rft.pub=Fund+for+cooperation+and+development+in+social+and+political+science&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Nazarbayev&rft.aufirst=Nursultan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresidentlibrary.kz%2Fen%2Fnode%2F908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFed1999" class="citation book cs1">ed, Alexei G. Arbatov ... (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rHYZk-t7dI0C&pg=PA62"><i>Russia and the West : the 21st century security environment</i></a>. Armonk, NY [u.a.]: Sharpe. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0765604323" title="Special:BookSources/978-0765604323"><bdi>978-0765604323</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+and+the+West+%3A+the+21st+century+security+environment&rft.place=Armonk%2C+NY+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Sharpe&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0765604323&rft.aulast=ed&rft.aufirst=Alexei+G.+Arbatov+...&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrHYZk-t7dI0C%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501190456/https://www.levada.ru/en/2021/03/22/russia-and-europe/">"Russia and Europe"</a>. <i>Levada Center</i>. 22 March 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.levada.ru/en/2021/03/22/russia-and-europe/">the original</a> on 1 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Levada+Center&rft.atitle=Russia+and+Europe&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.levada.ru%2Fen%2F2021%2F03%2F22%2Frussia-and-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeps,_M.2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Leps, M. (5 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apostrophe.ua/news/politics/2022-04-05/unichtojit-ukrainu-i-ee-istoriyu-medvedev-vyidal-napoleonovskie-planyi-kremlya/265030">"Уничтожить Украину и ее историю. Медведев выдал «наполеоновские» планы Кремля"</a> [Destroy Ukraine and its history. Medvedev revealed the Kremlin's "Napoleonic" plans] (in Russian). Apostroph<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%B8+%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8E.+%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB+%C2%AB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%C2%BB+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F&rft.date=2022-04-05&rft.au=Leps%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapostrophe.ua%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2022-04-05%2Funichtojit-ukrainu-i-ee-istoriyu-medvedev-vyidal-napoleonovskie-planyi-kremlya%2F265030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415103330/https://www.dw.com/en/russia-adopts-new-anti-west-foreign-policy-strategy/a-65198660">"Russia adopts new anti-West foreign policy strategy"</a>. <i>Deutsche Welle</i>. 31 March 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/russia-adopts-new-anti-west-foreign-policy-strategy/a-65198660">the original</a> on 15 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Russia+adopts+new+anti-West+foreign+policy+strategy&rft.date=2023-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Frussia-adopts-new-anti-west-foreign-policy-strategy%2Fa-65198660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould-Davies2023" class="citation web cs1">Gould-Davies, Nigel (6 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502170222/https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2023/04/russia-new-foreign-policy-concept-the-impact-of-war/">"Russia's new foreign-policy concept: the impact of war"</a>. <i>IISS</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2023/04/russia-new-foreign-policy-concept-the-impact-of-war/">the original</a> on 2 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IISS&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+new+foreign-policy+concept%3A+the+impact+of+war&rft.date=2023-04-06&rft.aulast=Gould-Davies&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iiss.org%2Fonline-analysis%2Fonline-analysis%2F2023%2F04%2Frussia-new-foreign-policy-concept-the-impact-of-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410161817/https://russiaeu.ru/en/news/concept-foreign-policy-russian-federation">"The Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation"</a>. <i>Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the European Union</i>. 1 March 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://russiaeu.ru/en/news/concept-foreign-policy-russian-federation">the original</a> on 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Permanent+Mission+of+the+Russian+Federation+to+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=The+Concept+of+the+Foreign+Policy+of+the+Russian+Federation&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frussiaeu.ru%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fconcept-foreign-policy-russian-federation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mehmet Ulusoy: "Rusya, Dugin ve‚ Türkiye'nin Avrasyacılık stratejisi" Aydınlık Dec. 5 2004, pp. 10–16</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Mission of Russian Emigration, M.V. Nazarov. Moscow: Rodnik, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-86231-172-6" title="Special:BookSources/5-86231-172-6">5-86231-172-6</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mochola.org/russiaabroad">Russia Abroad: A comprehensive guide to Russian Emigration after 1917</a> also some Ustrialov's papers in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mochola.org/russiaabroad/rusemig_library.htm">Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808003347/http://www.cc.jyu.fi/~aphamala/pe/2003/galya.htm">The criticism towards the West and the future of Russia-Eurasia</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaruelle2015" class="citation book cs1">Laruelle, Marlene, ed. (2015). <i>Eurasianism and the European Far Right: Reshaping the Europe–Russia Relationship</i>. Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-1068-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-1068-4"><bdi>978-1-4985-1068-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eurasianism+and+the+European+Far+Right%3A+Reshaping+the+Europe%E2%80%93Russia+Relationship&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4985-1068-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurasianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Stefan Wiederkehr, <i>Die eurasische Bewegung. Wissenschaft und Politik in der russischen Emigration der Zwischenkriegszeit und im postsowjetischen Russland</i> (Köln u.a., Böhlau 2007) (Beiträge zur Geschichte Osteuropas, 39).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://4pt.su/en/topics/eurasianism">The Fourth Political Theory – Eurasianism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://evrazia.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1915">Evrazia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165636/http://evrazia.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1915">Archived</a> 7 November 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130824095327/http://www.geopolitika.ru/en">Geopolitika.ru</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.granews.info">GraNews.info</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurasianist-archive.com/">Eurasianist-Archive.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pan-nationalist_concepts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pan-nationalist_concepts" title="Template:Pan-nationalist concepts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pan-nationalist_concepts" title="Template talk:Pan-nationalist concepts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-nationalist_concepts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-nationalist concepts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pan-nationalist_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-nationalist concepts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanticism" title="Atlanticism">Atlanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_Confederation_plan" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan Confederation plan">Afghan-Pakistani unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Slavism" title="Austro-Slavism">Austro-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberism" title="Berberism">Berberism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bulgaria_and_Romania" title="Union of Bulgaria and Romania">Bulgarian-Romanian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movements_for_the_annexation_of_Canada_to_the_United_States" title="Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States">Canada-USA unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_reunification" title="Central American reunification">Central-americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakism" title="Czechoslovakism">Czechoslovakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian%E2%80%93Finnish_federation" title="Estonian–Finnish federation">Estonian-Finnish unionism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eurasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent_Plan" title="Fertile Crescent Plan">Fertile Crescent unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaucho_traditionalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaucho traditionalism (page does not exist)">Gaucho traditionalism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicionalismo_ga%C3%BAcho" class="extiw" title="pt:Tradicionalismo gaúcho">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek%E2%80%93Yugoslav_confederation" title="Greek–Yugoslav confederation">Greek-Yugoslavian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Hungary_and_Romania" title="Union of Hungary and Romania">Hungarian-Romanian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Gran_Colombia" title="Reunification of Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Confederation" title="Indo-Pakistani Confederation">Indian-Pakistani Unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isratin" title="Isratin">Israeli-Palestinian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinoamericanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latinoamericanism (page does not exist)">Latinoamericanism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integraci%C3%B3n_latinoamericana" class="extiw" title="es:Integración latinoamericana">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenoturkism" title="Hellenoturkism">Hellenoturkism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanoamericanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hispanoamericanism (page does not exist)">Hispanoamericanism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanoamericanismo" class="extiw" title="es:Hispanoamericanismo">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_East_European_States" title="League of East European States">League of East European States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Neo-Ottomanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands-Indonesia_Union" title="Netherlands-Indonesia Union">Netherlands-Indonesian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Romanian-moldovan unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_African_States" title="Union of African States">Union of African States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Federation" title="Mali Federation">Mali Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahel-Benin_Union" title="Sahel-Benin Union">Sahel-Benin Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Americanism" title="Pan-Americanism">Pan-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Andinism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan-Andinism (page does not exist)">Pan-Andinism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panandinismo" class="extiw" title="es:Panandinismo">es</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Ecuador,_Peru_and_Bolivia" title="United Kingdom of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia">Ecuadorian-Peruvian-Bolivian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian-Bolivian_unionism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peruvian-Bolivian unionism (page does not exist)">Peruvian-Bolivian unionism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionismo_peruano-boliviano" class="extiw" title="es:Unionismo peruano-boliviano">es</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Pan-Arabism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Federation" title="Arab Federation">Hashemite unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_States" title="United Arab States">United Arab States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Arab_Republics" title="Federation of Arab Republics">Federation of Arab Republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan-Syrian_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan-Syrian Union">Libyan-Syrian Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Islamic_Republic" title="Arab Islamic Republic">Arab Islamic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Hussein%27s_federation_plan" title="King Hussein's federation plan">Jordania-Palestine unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arab_Republics_(1972)" title="Union of Arab Republics (1972)">Union of Arab Republics (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Kuwait">Iraq-Kuwait unionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Caribbean" title="Pan-Caribbean">Pan-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Caucasianism" title="Pan-Caucasianism">Pan-Caucasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Finnicism" title="Pan-Finnicism">Pan-Finnicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_identity" title="Pan-European identity">Pan-Europeanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Europe" title="Federal Europe">European unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">Pan-European nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhispanism" title="Panhispanism">Panhispanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_federalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian federalism">Pan-Iberism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indianism" title="Pan-Indianism">Pan-Indianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranism" title="Pan-Iranism">Pan-Iranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Latinism" title="Pan-Latinism">Pan-Latinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterraneanism" title="Mediterraneanism">Mediterraneanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Mongolism" title="Pan-Mongolism">Pan-Mongolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Oceanian" title="Pan-Oceanian">Pan-Oceanianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_confederation" title="Polish–Czechoslovak confederation">Polish-Czechoslovak unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reintegrationism" title="Reintegrationism">Reintegrationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Saint_Martin" title="Unification of Saint Martin">Saint Martin unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavism" title="Scandinavism">Scandinavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Pan-Serbism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Tatarism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan-Tatarism (page does not exist)">Pan-Tatarism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="ru:Пантатаризм">ru</a>; <a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="tt:Пантатаризм">tt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattachism" title="Rattachism">Rattachism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland" title="Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland">Rhodesia-Nyasaland unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Union_Treaty" title="New Union Treaty">Soviet reunificationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Switzerland#Proposals_for_expansion" title="Territorial evolution of Switzerland">Switzerland expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Turanism" title="Hungarian Turanism">Hungarian Turanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abya_Yala" title="Abya Yala">Abya Yala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">African federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Rapprochement" title="Great Rapprochement">Anglo-American unificationism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antillean_Confederation" title="Antillean Confederation">Antillean Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Union" title="Arab Union">Arab Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_homeland" title="Assyrian homeland">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Federation" title="Balkan Federation">Balkan Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltoscandia" title="Baltoscandia">Baltoscandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Unionism in the United Kingdom">British unionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Federation" title="Imperial Federation">Imperial Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascadia_movement" title="Cascadia movement">Cascadia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Countries" title="Catalan Countries">Catalan Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossackia" title="Cossackia">Cossackia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danubian_Confederation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danubian Confederation (page does not exist)">Danubian Confederation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donauf%C3%B6deration" class="extiw" title="de:Donauföderation">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalisation_of_the_European_Union" title="Federalisation of the European Union">Federalisation of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_irredentism" title="Cambodian irredentism">Greater Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Caribbean Antilles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-British_Union" title="Franco-British Union">Franco-British Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Greater Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Albania_and_Kosovo" title="Unification of Albania and Kosovo">Unification of Albania and Kosovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_irredentism" title="Argentine irredentism">Greater Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangladesh" title="Greater Bangladesh">Greater Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bosnia" title="Greater Bosnia">Greater Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_irredentism" title="Bulgarian irredentism">Greater Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Greater Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_nationalism" title="Eritrean nationalism">Eritrean national identity nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_nationalism" title="Ethiopian nationalism">Ethiopian national identity nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Finland" title="Greater Finland">Greater Finland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galicia_irredenta" title="Galicia irredenta">Galicia irredenta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Greater Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Indonesia" title="Greater Indonesia">Greater Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Iraq">Greater Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Greater Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_imperialism_under_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian imperialism under Fascism">Greater Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mauritania" title="Greater Mauritania">Greater Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista_(Mexico)" title="Reconquista (Mexico)">Greater Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Moldova" title="Greater Moldova">Greater Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Greater Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Nepal" title="Greater Nepal">Greater Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Netherlands" title="Greater Netherlands">Greater Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Norway">Greater Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Palestine">Greater Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_irredentism" title="Polish irredentism">Greater Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portugaliza (page does not exist)">Greater Portugal</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaliza" class="extiw" title="pt:Portugaliza">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Greater Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_unification" title="Samoan unification">Greater Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Somalia" title="Greater Somalia">Greater Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_irredentism" title="Spanish irredentism">Greater Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Greater Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tamil_Nadu" title="Greater Tamil Nadu">Greater Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Timor" title="Great Timor">Great Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_irredentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian irredentism">Greater Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_irredentism" title="Vietnamese irredentism">Greater Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Yemen" title="Greater Yemen">Greater Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_irredentism" title="Yugoslav irredentism">Greater Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hispanidad" title="Hispanidad">Hispanidad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermarium" title="Intermarium">Intermarium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Poland" title="United States of Poland">United States of Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Union" title="North American Union">North American Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-speaking_world" title="Portuguese-speaking world">Lusosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_world" title="Malay world">Malay world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maphilindo" title="Maphilindo">Maphilindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Megali Idea (Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misak-%C4%B1_Mill%C3%AE" title="Misak-ı Millî">Misak-ı Millî (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_nationalism" title="Kurdish nationalism">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_nationalism" title="Occitan nationalism">Occitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padanian_nationalism" title="Padanian nationalism">Padanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patria_Grande" title="Patria Grande">Patria Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_confederation" title="Polynesian confederation">Polynesian confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_world" title="Russian world">Russian world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Sahel_States" title="Alliance of Sahel States">Sahel Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegambia_Confederation" title="Senegambia Confederation">Senegambia Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamazgha" title="Tamazgha">Tamazgha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_nation" title="All-Russian nation">Triune Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Armenia" title="United Armenia">United Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">United Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Peru" title="Upper Peru">Upper Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Azerbaijan" title="Whole Azerbaijan">Whole Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan" title="Turan">Turan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambesia" title="Zambesia">Zambesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panethnicity" title="Panethnicity">Pan-ethnic</a><br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Latinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habesha_peoples" title="Habesha peoples">Habesha peoples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_nationalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_nationalism" title="Template:Russian nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_nationalism" title="Template talk:Russian nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_nationalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Expansionism,imperialism_andRussification" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Russia" title="Territorial evolution of Russia">Expansionism</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">imperialism</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Russia_(1500%E2%80%931800)" title="Expansion of Russia (1500–1800)">1500–1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberia" title="Russian conquest of Siberia">Siberia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Khanate_of_Sibir" title="Conquest of the Khanate of Sibir">Khanate of Sibir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Central_Asia" title="Russian conquest of Central Asia">Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_colonization_of_North_America" title="Russian colonization of North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitions of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_the_Crimean_Khanate_by_the_Russian_Empire" title="Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire">Crimea, 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Annexation" title="Amur Annexation">Amur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_the_Caucasus" title="Russian conquest of the Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_military_occupations" title="Category:Russian military occupations">Military occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Crimea, 2014</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Ukrainian_language_suppression" title="Chronology of Ukrainian language suppression">Ukrainian language suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavophilia" title="Slavophilia">Slavophilia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westernizer" title="Westernizer">westernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochvennichestvo" title="Pochvennichestvo">Pochvennichestvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hundreds" title="Black Hundreds">Black Hundreds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mladorossy" title="Mladorossy">Mladorossy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Russophilia" title="Galician Russophilia">Galician Russophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenovekhovtsy" title="Smenovekhovtsy">Smenovekhovtsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Russian_Solidarists" title="National Alliance of Russian Solidarists">Solidarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">1993 constitutional crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Russia)" title="National Salvation Front (Russia)">National Salvation Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_march" title="Russian march">Russian marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Manezhnaya_Square_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Manezhnaya Square riots">2010 Manezhnaya Square riots</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_(2010)" class="extiw" title="ru:Беспорядки на Манежной площади (2010)">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Biryulyovo_riots" title="2013 Biryulyovo riots">2013 Biryulyovo riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_nation" title="All-Russian nation">All-Russian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collector_of_Russian_lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Collector of Russian lands">Collector of Russian lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_all_the_Russias" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of all the Russias">Emperor of all the Russias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Russian_identity" title="Little Russian identity">Little Russian identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism_in_Russia" title="Ethnic nationalism in Russia">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayrope" title="Gayrope">Gayrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Rus" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Rus">Holy Rus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow,_third_Rome" title="Moscow, third Rome">Moscow, third Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Orthodoxy" title="Nuclear Orthodoxy">Nuclear Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_all_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Of all Rus'">Of all Rus'</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Всея Руси">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Всія Русі">uk</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy,_Autocracy,_and_Nationality" title="Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality">Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy_or_death!" title="Orthodoxy or death!">Orthodoxy or death!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_for_Russians" title="Russia for Russians">Russia for Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_civilization" title="Russian civilization">Russian civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Idea" title="Russian Idea">Russian Idea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories" title="Russian-occupied territories">Russian-occupied territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymnash" title="Krymnash">Krymnash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_soul" title="Russian soul">Russian soul</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Russian_world" title="Russian world">Russian world</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russophilia" title="Russophilia">Russophilia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Russophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United,_Great,_and_Indivisible_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United, Great, and Indivisible Russia (page does not exist)">United and Indivisible Russia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F,_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Россия единая, великая и неделимая">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0,_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Росія єдина, велика і неподільна">uk</a>]</span></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eurasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Russia" title="Far-right politics in Russia">Far-right politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism_in_Russia" title="Neo-Nazism in Russia">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Sovietism" title="Neo-Sovietism">Neo-Sovietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_patriotism" title="Soviet patriotism">Soviet patriotism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division_Russland" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomwaffen Division Russland">Atomwaffen Division Russland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hundreds#Modern_version" title="Black Hundreds">Black Hundreds (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_of_Angry_Patriots" title="Club of Angry Patriots">Club of Angry Patriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angry_patriots" title="Angry patriots">Angry patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Republic_(movement)" title="Donetsk Republic (movement)">Donetsk Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essence_of_Time" title="Essence of Time">Essence of Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_National_Union" title="Ethnic National Union">Ethnic National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasia Movement">Eurasia Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Party" title="Eurasia Party">Eurasia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Donbas" title="Free Donbas">Free Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russia_(political_party)" title="Great Russia (political party)">Great Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Russia">Liberal Democratic Party of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_People%27s_Party" title="Lithuanian People's Party">Lithuanian People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodny_Sobor" title="Narodny Sobor">Narodny Sobor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_/_White_Power" title="National Socialism / White Power">National Socialism / White Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obnovlenie" title="Obnovlenie">Obnovlenie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Association" title="Popular Resistance Association">Popular Resistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Bloc_(Russia)" title="Right Bloc (Russia)">Right Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodina_(political_party)" title="Rodina (political party)">Rodina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_All-People%27s_Union" title="Russian All-People's Union">Russian All-People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_(organization)" title="Russians (organization)">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russkiy_Mir_Foundation" title="Russkiy Mir Foundation">Russkiy Mir Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Party_Oathkeepers" title="Serbian Party Oathkeepers">Serbian Party Oathkeepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Banner-Bearers" title="Union of Orthodox Banner-Bearers">Union of Orthodox Banner-Bearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Russia" title="United Russia">United Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Guard_of_United_Russia" title="Young Guard of United Russia">Young Guard of United Russia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artpodgotovka" title="Artpodgotovka">Artpodgotovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Terrorist_Organization" title="Combat Terrorist Organization">Combat Terrorist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Russian_Communities" title="Congress of Russian Communities">Congress of Russian Communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format18" title="Format18">Format18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union">Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_State" title="Male State">Male State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_Against_Illegal_Immigration" title="Movement Against Illegal Immigration">Movement Against Illegal Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_and_Freedom_Committee" title="Nation and Freedom Committee">Nation and Freedom Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Party" title="National Bolshevik Party">National Bolshevik Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Russian_Liberation_Movement" title="National Russian Liberation Movement">National Russian Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Society" title="National Socialist Society">National Socialist Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Brotherhood" title="Northern Brotherhood">Northern Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_National_Party_(Russia)" title="People's National Party (Russia)">People's National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_All-National_Union" title="Russian All-National Union">Russian All-National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Russian National Socialist Party">Russian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Union" title="Russian National Union">Russian National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity_(2000)" title="Russian National Unity (2000)">New Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Savior_(paramilitary_organization)" title="The Savior (paramilitary organization)">The Savior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Russia)" title="Slavic Union (Russia)">Slavic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Russian_People_(2005)" title="Union of the Russian People (2005)">Union of the Russian People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After 1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Alksnis" title="Viktor Alksnis">Viktor Alksnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Baburin" title="Sergey Baburin">Sergey Baburin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barkashov" title="Alexander Barkashov">Alexander Barkashov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Potkin" title="Alexander Potkin">Alexander Belov-Potkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Demushkin" title="Dmitry Demushkin">Dmitry Demushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Galkovsky" title="Dmitry Galkovsky">Dmitry Galkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Ivanov-Sukharevsky" title="Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky">Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kasimovsky" title="Konstantin Kasimovsky">Konstantin Kasimovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yegor_Kholmogorov" title="Yegor Kholmogorov">Yegor Kholmogorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Krylov" title="Konstantin Krylov">Konstantin Krylov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kvachkov" title="Vladimir Kvachkov">Vladimir Kvachkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lebed" title="Alexander Lebed">Alexander Lebed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Limonov" title="Eduard Limonov">Eduard Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Maltsev" title="Vyacheslav Maltsev">Vyacheslav Maltsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Martsinkevich" title="Maxim Martsinkevich">Maxim Martsinkevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakhar_Prilepin" title="Zakhar Prilepin">Zakhar Prilepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Rogozin" title="Dmitry Rogozin">Dmitry Rogozin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Shafarevich" title="Igor Shafarevich">Igor Shafarevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Dmitriyevich_Vasilyev" title="Dmitri Dmitriyevich Vasilyev">Dmitri Vasilyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky" title="Vladimir Zhirinovsky">Vladimir Zhirinovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zyuganov" title="Gennady Zyuganov">Gennady Zyuganov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before 1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin" title="Ivan Ilyin">Ivan Ilyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnov" title="Pyotr Krasnov">Pyotr Krasnov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Rodzaevsky" title="Konstantin Rodzaevsky">Konstantin Rodzaevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Skobelev" title="Mikhail Skobelev">Mikhail Skobelev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Solonevich" title="Ivan Solonevich">Ivan Solonevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Shulgin" title="Vasily Shulgin">Vasily Shulgin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fashist" title="Fashist">Fashist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fourth_Political_Theory" title="The Fourth Political Theory">The Fourth Political Theory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_chronology_(Fomenko)" title="New chronology (Fomenko)">History: Fiction or Science?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Will_of_a_Russian_Fascist" title="The Last Will of a Russian Fascist">The Last Will of a Russian Fascist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nash_Put%27_(newspaper)" title="Nash Put' (newspaper)">Nash Put'</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians" title="On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians">On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebuilding_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebuilding Russia (page does not exist)">Rebuilding Russia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8E%3F" class="extiw" title="ru:Как нам обустроить Россию?">ru</a>]</span>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_and_Pogrom" title="Sputnik and Pogrom">Sputnik and Pogrom</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Russia_Should_Do_with_Ukraine" title="What Russia Should Do with Ukraine">What Russia Should Do with Ukraine</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opposition and criticism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russian_chauvinism" title="Great Russian chauvinism">Great Russian chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iazychie" title="Iazychie">Iazychie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashism" title="Nashism">Nashism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_of_peoples" title="Prison of peoples">Prison of peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pobedobesie" title="Pobedobesie">Pobedobesie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatnik" title="Vatnik">Vatnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volos_Declaration" title="Volos Declaration">Volos Declaration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_nationalism" title="Category:Russian nationalism">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Russia&#124;link=Russia_Russian_political_movements_and_non-registered_parties" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_political_movements" title="Template:Russian political movements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_political_movements" title="Template talk:Russian political movements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_political_movements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian political movements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Russia&#124;link=Russia_Russian_political_movements_and_non-registered_parties" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Political_organizations_based_in_Russia" title="Category:Political organizations based in Russia">Russian political movements and non-registered parties</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-registered parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_Hase" title="Adyghe Hase">Adyghe Hase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Union_Communist_Party_of_Bolsheviks_(1991)" title="All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (1991)">All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1992)" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1992)">Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(2001)" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2001)">Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Choice_(Russia,_2010)" title="Democratic Choice (Russia, 2010)">Democratic Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russia_(political_party)" title="Great Russia (political party)">Great Russia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Party" title="Eurasia Party">Eurasia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_the_Family_(political_party)" title="For the Family (political party)">For the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_of_Russia" title="Pirate Party of Russia">Pirate Party of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Association" title="Popular Resistance Association">Popular Resistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Russia" title="Libertarian Party of Russia">Libertarian Party of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijsxo" title="Nijsxo">Nijsxo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_of_Communists-Internationalists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party of Communists-Internationalists (page does not exist)">Party of Communists-Internationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Workers%27_Party_(Russia)" title="Revolutionary Workers' Party (Russia)">Revolutionary Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_of_the_Future" title="Russia of the Future">Russia of the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Communist_Workers%27_Party_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Maoist_Party" title="Russian Maoist Party">Russian Maoist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_United_Labour_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian United Labour Front">Russian United Labour Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Socialist_Action" title="Left Socialist Action">Left Socialist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Alternative (Russia)">Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Communist_Party" title="United Communist Party">United Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_of_December_Party" title="5th of December Party">5th of December Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_People%27s_Front" title="All-Russia People's Front">All-Russia People's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Just_World_(Russia)" title="A Just World (Russia)">A Just World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Action" title="Autonomous Action">Autonomous Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan_(Russia)" title="Anti-Maidan (Russia)">Anti-Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-War_Committee_of_Russia" title="Anti-War Committee of Russia">Anti-War Committee of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Slavic_Forces_of_Russia" title="Union of Slavic Forces of Russia">Citizens of the USSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Organization_of_Anarcho-Communists" title="Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists">Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Russian_Communities" title="Congress of Russian Communities">Congress of Russian Communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Revolutionary_Anarcho-Syndicalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists">Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization_(Russian_political_movement)" title="Decommunization (Russian political movement)">Decommunization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essence_of_Time_(movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Essence of Time (movement)">Essence of Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasia Movement">Eurasia Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Anti-War_Resistance" title="Feminist Anti-War Resistance">Feminist Anti-War Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Socialism" title="For a New Socialism">For a New Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nations_of_Russia_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Nations of Russia Forum">Free Nations of Russia Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Russia_Forum" title="Free Russia Forum">Free Russia Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Russia" title="Labour Russia">Labour Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Bloc_(Russia)" title="Left Bloc (Russia)">Left Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Front_(Russia)" title="Left Front (Russia)">Left Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodny_Sobor" title="Narodny Sobor">Narodny Sobor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Patriotic_Forces_of_Russia" title="National Patriotic Forces of Russia">National Patriotic Forces of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Self-Defense_(Russia)" title="People's Self-Defense (Russia)">People's Self-Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Action_Committee" title="Russian Action Committee">Russian Action Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERB" title="SERB">SERB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society.Future" title="Society.Future">Society.Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarnost" title="Solidarnost">Solidarnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorok_Sorokov_Movement" title="Sorok Sorokov Movement">Sorok Sorokov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Wagons" title="Stop the Wagons">Stop the Wagons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Russia" title="True Russia">True Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Civil_Front" title="United Civil Front">United Civil Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_of_Red_Youth" title="Vanguard of Red Youth">Vanguard of Red Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Youth movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leninist_Komsomol_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Leninist Komsomol of the Russian Federation">Leninist Komsomol of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesna_(Russia)" title="Vesna (Russia)">Vesna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestnye" title="Mestnye">Mestnye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_of_the_First" title="Movement of the First">Movement of the First</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONF_Youth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONF Youth (page does not exist)">ONF Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Army_Cadets_National_Movement" title="Young Army Cadets National Movement">Young Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Guard_of_United_Russia" title="Young Guard of United Russia">Young Guard of United Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Youth_Yabloko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Youth Yabloko (page does not exist)">Youth Yabloko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Imperial period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread_and_Freedom" title="Bread and Freedom">Bread and Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hundreds" title="Black Hundreds">Black Hundreds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decembrists" class="mw-redirect" title="Decembrists">Decembrists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Salvation" title="Union of Salvation">Union of Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Prosperity" title="Union of Prosperity">Union of Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Society_of_the_Decembrists" title="Southern Society of the Decembrists">Southern Society</a> & <a href="/wiki/Northern_Society_of_the_Decembrists" title="Northern Society of the Decembrists">Northern Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodniks" title="Narodniks">Narodniks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_Liberty_(Russia)" title="Land and Liberty (Russia)">Land and Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodnaya_Volya" title="Narodnaya Volya">People's Will</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Russian_People" title="Union of the Russian People">Union of the Russian People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soviet period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_of_Soviet_Oppositions" title="Bloc of Soviet Oppositions">Bloc of Soviet Oppositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komsomol" title="Komsomol">Komsomol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Youth_Organisations" title="Committee of Youth Organisations">Committee of Youth Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin_All-Union_Pioneer_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization">Young Pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Octobrists" title="Little Octobrists">Little Octobrists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Russian_Solidarists" title="National Alliance of Russian Solidarists">National Alliance of Russian Solidarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Neo-Communist Party of the Soviet Union">NCPSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Party" title="Russian Fascist Party">Russian Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_People%27s_Labour_Party" title="Russian People's Labour Party">Russian People's Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Revolutionary_Communists_(Bolsheviks)" title="Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks)">Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSKhSON" title="VSKhSON">VSKhSON</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-National_Congress_of_the_Chechen_People" title="All-National Congress of the Chechen People">All-National Congress of the Chechen People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artpodgotovka" title="Artpodgotovka">Artpodgotovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_2008" title="Committee 2008">Committee 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_Party_%22Unity%22" title="Conceptual Party "Unity"">Conceptual Party "Unity"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Ingush_People_(1989%E2%80%931999)" title="Congress of the Ingush People (1989–1999)">Congress of the Ingush People</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%87on_%C3%A7ob%C4%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Çon çobį">Çon çobį</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_(Russia)" title="Democratic Union (Russia)">Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_National_Union" title="Ethnic National Union">Ethnic National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Socialist_Youth" title="Federation of Socialist Youth">Federation of Socialist Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Nation" title="Freedom Nation">Freedom Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Russia_without_Lawlessness_and_Corruption" class="mw-redirect" title="For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption">For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navalny_Headquarters" title="Navalny Headquarters">Navalny Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_Tendency" title="Marxist Tendency">Marxist Tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_Against_Illegal_Immigration" title="Movement Against Illegal Immigration">Movement Against Illegal Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashi_(1990s_nationalist_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashi (1990s nationalist group)">Nashi (1990s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashi_(youth_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashi (youth movement)">Nashi (2000s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Front" title="National Bolshevik Front">National Bolshevik Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Party" title="National Bolshevik Party">National Bolshevik Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Russian_Liberation_Movement" title="National Russian Liberation Movement">National Russian Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_and_Freedom_Committee" title="Nation and Freedom Committee">Nation and Freedom Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(Russia)" title="National Democratic Alliance (Russia)">National Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Russian_Workers%27_Party" title="National Socialist Russian Workers' Party">National Socialist Russian Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oborona" title="Oborona">Oborona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Russia" title="Open Russia">Open Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Choice_(Russia)" title="Our Choice (Russia)">Our Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprichny_Dvor_(organization)" title="Oprichny Dvor (organization)">Oprichny Dvor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Militia_named_after_Minin_and_Pozharsky" title="People's Militia named after Minin and Pozharsky">People's Militia named after Minin and Pozharsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Patriotic_Union_of_Russia" title="People's Patriotic Union of Russia">People's Patriotic Union of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Alexeyev%27_Resistance_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyotr Alexeyev' Resistance Movement">Pyotr Alexeyev' Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_(organization)" title="Russians (organization)">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_All-National_Union" title="Russian All-National Union">Russian All-National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity_(2000)" title="Russian National Unity (2000)">Russian National Unity (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Opposition_Coordination_Council" title="Russian Opposition Coordination Council">Russian Opposition Coordination Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_People%27s_Democratic_Union" title="Russian People's Democratic Union">Russian People's Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Social_Democratic_Union_of_Youth" title="Russian Social Democratic Union of Youth">Russian Social Democratic Union of Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Socialist_Movement" title="Russian Socialist Movement">Russian Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Russia)" title="Slavic Union (Russia)">Slavic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Resistance_(Russia)" title="Socialist Resistance (Russia)">Socialist Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_League_Vpered" title="Socialist League Vpered">Socialist League Vpered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Blue_Buckets" title="Society of Blue Buckets">Society of Blue Buckets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StopXam_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="StopXam (organization)">StopXam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_(coalition)" title="The Other Russia (coalition)">The Other Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_(organisation)" title="Tiger (organisation)">TIGR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Russian_People_(2005)" title="Union of the Russian People (2005)">Union of the Russian People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Together" title="Walking Together">Walking Together</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Russia_(youth_movement)" title="Young Russia (youth movement)">Young Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Politics of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_political_parties" title="Template:Russian political parties">Registered political parties in Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conservatism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_navbox" title="Template:Conservatism navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_navbox" title="Template talk:Conservatism navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conservatism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools<br />by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_corporatism" title="Conservative corporatism">Corporatist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_conservatism" title="Cultural conservatism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism" title="Green conservatism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalistic_conservatism" title="Paternalistic conservatism">Paternalistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatic_conservatism" title="Pragmatic conservatism">Pragmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactionism">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious conservatism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism" title="Traditionalist conservatism">Traditionalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism" title="Ultraconservatism">Ultra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Asia" title="Conservatism">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#China" title="Conservatism">China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucianism" title="Neo-Confucianism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Confucianism#Mainland_New_Confucianism" title="New Confucianism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoauthoritarianism_(China)" title="Neoauthoritarianism (China)">Neoauthoritarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Iran" title="Conservatism">Iran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Iran" title="Monarchism in Iran">Monarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principlists" class="mw-redirect" title="Principlists">Principlist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Conservatism in Israel">Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_fundamentalism" title="Jewish fundamentalism">Fundamentalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_conservatism" title="Jewish conservatism">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Conservatism in Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Minzoku" class="mw-redirect" title="Minzoku">Minzoku</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_in_Japan" title="Neoconservatism in Japan">Neo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kaigi" title="Nippon Kaigi">Nippon Kaigi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Shōwa Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_South_Korea" title="Conservatism in South Korea">South Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">Ilminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right_(South_Korea)" title="New Right (South Korea)">New Right</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Turkey" title="Conservatism in Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_democracy" title="Conservative democracy">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism" title="Erdoğanism">Erdoğanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Neo-Ottomanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Bangladesh" title="Conservatism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservatism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_India" title="Conservatism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Malaysia" title="Conservatism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Pakistan" title="Conservatism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziaism" title="Ziaism">Ziaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Singapore" title="Conservatism">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservatism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Europe" title="Conservatism">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_France" title="Conservatism in France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimists" title="Legitimists">Legitimism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkozysm" title="Sarkozysm">Sarkozysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Conservatism in Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_conservatism_in_Germany" title="Agrarian conservatism in Germany">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Hegelians" title="Right Hegelians">Hegelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_historical_school" title="German historical school">Historical School</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Neue_Rechte" title="Neue Rechte">Neue Rechte</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_cameralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian cameralism">Cameralistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian socialism">Socialist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution" title="Conservative Revolution">Revolutionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution#Young_conservatives" title="Conservative Revolution">Young</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritter_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritter School">Ritter School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Socialism_(Germany)" title="State Socialism (Germany)">State Socialism</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_nationalism" title="Völkisch nationalism">Völkisch</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Italy" title="Conservatism in Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlusconism" title="Berlusconism">Berlusconism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Right" title="Historical Right">Historical Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_school_of_elitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian school of elitism">Italian school of elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Bourbonism" title="Neo-Bourbonism">Neo-Bourbonism</a></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Sanfedismo" title="Sanfedismo">Sanfedismo</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Poland" title="Conservatism">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Liberty" title="Golden Liberty">Golden Liberty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaczyzm" title="Kaczyzm">Kaczyzm</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Poland)" title="National Democracy (Poland)">National Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmatism" title="Sarmatism">Sarmatism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duginism" class="mw-redirect" title="Duginism">Duginism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eurasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Russia" title="Monarchism in Russia">Monarchist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hundreds" title="Black Hundreds">Black-hundredism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarist_autocracy" title="Tsarist autocracy">Tsarism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavophilia" title="Slavophilia">Slavophilia</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pochvennichestvo" title="Pochvennichestvo">Pochvennichestvo</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(Spain)" title="Traditionalism (Spain)">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonsism" title="Alfonsism">Alfonsism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlism" title="Carlism">Carlism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carloctavismo" title="Carloctavismo">Carloctavismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo-francoism" title="Carlo-francoism">Carlo-francoism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Francoism">Francoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">National Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrism_(Spain)" title="Integrism (Spain)">Integrism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mellismo" title="Mellismo">Mellismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurism" title="Maurism">Maurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocat%C3%B3licos" title="Neocatólicos">Neocatholicism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conservatism in the United Kingdom">United<br />Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_David_Cameron" title="Political positions of David Cameron">Cameronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Civic conservatism">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscular_liberalism" title="Muscular liberalism">Muscular liberalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Jacobite_Revival" title="Neo-Jacobite Revival">Neo-Jacobite Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_neoconservatism" title="British neoconservatism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-nation_conservatism" title="One-nation conservatism">One-nationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powellism" title="Powellism">Powellism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory" title="Tory">Toryism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Tory" title="High Tory">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tory" title="Red Tory">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory_socialism" title="Tory socialism">Social</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Austria" title="Conservatism">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Belgium" title="Conservatism">Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rexist_Party" title="Rexist Party">Rexism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Denmark" title="Conservatism">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Finland" title="Conservatism">Finland</a></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Georgia" title="Monarchism in Georgia">Monarchist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservatism in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metaxism" title="Metaxism">Metaxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#Greece" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Hungary" title="Conservatism">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Iceland" title="Conservatism">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Luxembourg" title="Conservatism">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Netherlands" title="Conservatism">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Norway" title="Conservatism">Norway</a></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miguelist" title="Miguelist">Miguelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralismo_Lusitano" title="Integralismo Lusitano">Integralismo Lusitano</a></li></ul></li> <li>Romania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Romania" title="Monarchism in Romania">Monarchist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Serbia" title="Conservatism in Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Serbia" title="Monarchism in Serbia">Monarchist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Sweden" title="Conservatism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Switzerland" title="Conservatism">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Ukraine" title="Conservatism">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_conservatism_in_Latin_America" title="Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America">Latin America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Argentina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Peronism" title="Federal Peronism">Federal Peronism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme_in_Argentina" title="Maurrassisme in Argentina">Maurrasismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menemism" title="Menemism">Menemism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nacionalismo" title="Nacionalismo">Nacionalismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Peronism" title="Orthodox Peronism">Orthodox Peronism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Brazil" title="Conservatism in Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolsonarism" title="Bolsonarism">Bolsonarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronelism" title="Coronelism">Coronelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralism" title="Brazilian Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Janismo" title="Janismo">Janismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Brazil" title="Monarchism in Brazil">Monarchist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrianovism" title="Patrianovism">Patrianovism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#Brazil" title="Right-wing populism">Populism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Chile" title="Conservatism">Chile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gremialismo" title="Gremialismo">Gremialismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinochetism" title="Pinochetism">Pinochetism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Belize" title="Conservatism in North America">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Colombia" title="Conservatism in Colombia">Colombia</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla#Ideology" title="Gustavo Rojas Pinilla">Rojismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uribism" class="mw-redirect" title="Uribism">Uribism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Cuba" title="Conservatism in North America">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Guatemala" title="Conservatism in North America">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Mexico" title="Conservatism in North America">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cristero" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristero">Cristero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Panama" title="Conservatism in North America">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Peru" title="Conservatism in Peru">Peru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujimorism" title="Fujimorism">Fujimorism</a></li> <li> <i><a href="/wiki/Manuel_A._Odr%C3%ADa#1948_Peruvian_coup_d’etat_and_Presidency" title="Manuel A. Odría">Odriismo</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Uruguay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herrerism" title="Herrerism">Herrerism</a></li></ul></li> <li>Venezuela <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez#Legacy" title="Marcos Pérez Jiménez">Perezjimenismo</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America" title="Conservatism in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Populism_in_Canada" title="Populism in Canada">Populism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Trumpism in Canada">Trumpism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerico-nationalism" title="Clerico-nationalism">Clerico-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_Canada" title="Social conservatism in Canada">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory" title="Tory">Toryism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Tory" title="Blue Tory">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tory" title="Red Tory">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toryism" class="mw-redirect" title="Toryism">Pink</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">United<br />States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_conservatism" title="Movement conservatism">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaganism">Reaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Oceania" title="Conservatism">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Right_(Liberal_Party_of_Australia)" title="Centre Right (Liberal Party of Australia)">Centre Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_(Liberal_Party_of_Australia)" title="National Right (Liberal Party of Australia)">National Right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic conservatism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Ancestral worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consociationalism" title="Consociationalism">Consociationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_identity" title="Collective identity">Collective identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(politics)" title="Confessionalism (politics)">Confessionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(ethics_and_social_sciences)#Cultural_values" class="mw-redirect" title="Value (ethics and social sciences)">Cultural values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_movements" title="Anti-abortion movements">Pro-Life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">Discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittlichkeit" title="Sittlichkeit">Ethical order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender role</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">Royalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_monarchy" title="Traditional monarchy">Traditionalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_order_(philosophy)" title="Natural order (philosophy)">Natural Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">Norms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)" title="Convention (norm)">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_law" title="Customary law">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mores" title="Mores">Mores</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organicism#In_politics_and_sociology" title="Organicism">Organicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_religion" title="Organized religion">Organized religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism" title="Personalism">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_realism" title="Philosophical realism">Philosophical realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moral_realism" title="Moral realism">Moral realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Social hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">Social institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship_(theology)" title="Stewardship (theology)">Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Barruel" title="Augustin Barruel">Barruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilaire_Belloc" title="Hilaire Belloc">Belloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_G%C3%B3mez_D%C3%A1vila" title="Nicolás Gómez Dávila">Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Dostoevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Fardid" title="Ahmad Fardid">Fardid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Gentz" title="Friedrich von Gentz">Gentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_von_Haller" title="Karl Ludwig von Haller">Haller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hitchens" title="Peter Hitchens">Hitchens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Jünger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Leontiev" title="Konstantin Leontiev">Leontiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_y_Pelayo" title="Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo">Menéndez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_More" title="Hannah More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller" title="Adam Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plinio_Corr%C3%AAa_de_Oliveira" title="Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira">Corrêa de Oliveira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke" title="Leopold von Ranke">Ranke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Rivarol" title="Antoine de Rivarol">Rivarol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_von_Savigny" title="Friedrich Carl von Savigny">Savigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schlegel" title="Friedrich Schlegel">Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Solzhenitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Spann" title="Othmar Spann">Spann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Julius_Stahl" title="Friedrich Julius Stahl">Stahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Uvarov" title="Sergey Uvarov">Uvarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_conservative_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of conservative parties">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Party" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Party">European Conservatives and Reformists Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy" title="Identity and Democracy">Identity and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Democrat_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Democrat Union">International Democrat Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monarchist_League" title="International Monarchist League">International Monarchist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition,_Family,_Property" title="Tradition, Family, Property">Tradition, Family, Property</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Abe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Bolsonaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">GW Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Dmowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Dollfuss" title="Engelbert Dollfuss">Dollfuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Fujimori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Horthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Kaczyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Khamenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Le Pen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim" title="Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim">Mannerheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Menzies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Metternich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Mobutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Marcos Pérez Jiménez">Pérez Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Pinochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enric_Prat_de_la_Riba" title="Enric Prat de la Riba">Prat de la Riba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Stolypin" title="Pyotr Stolypin">Stolypin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">de Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Zemmour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Religious_conservatism" title="Conservatism">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics#Conservatism" title="Christianity and politics">Christian politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theonomy" title="Theonomy">Theonomy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theoconservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoconservatism">Theoconservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_conservatism" title="Jewish conservatism">Jewish conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Islamic economics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Buddhist economics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_School_(perennialism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist School (perennialism)">Traditionalist School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancien_r%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien régime">Ancien régime</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restauration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_of_Europe" title="Concert of Europe">Concert of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Order" title="Conservative Order">Conservative Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment" title="Counter-Enlightenment">Counter-Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">German Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Alliance" title="Holy Alliance">Holy Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ideologies" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Black conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desecularization" title="Desecularization">Desecularization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postsecularism" title="Postsecularism">Postsecularism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conservative_feminisms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of conservative feminisms">Conservative feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_wave" title="Conservative wave">Conservative wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary" title="Counter-revolutionary">Counter-revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_theory" title="Elite theory">Elite theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopluralism" title="Ethnopluralism">Ethnopluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States">Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_conservatism" title="LGBTQ conservatism">LGBTQ conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-feudalism" title="Neo-feudalism">Neo-feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-medievalism" title="Neo-medievalism">Neo-medievalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-fascism" title="Para-fascism">Para-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_influence_of_Evangelicalism_in_Latin_America" title="Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America">Political Evangelicalism in Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">Political theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Radical right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(Europe)" title="Radical right (Europe)">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Neo-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_realism" title="Right realism">Right realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_authoritarianism" title="Right-wing authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_New_Right" title="European New Right">European</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-c_conservative" title="Small-c conservative">Small-c conservatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324222#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324222#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324222#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/916575/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7569002-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85045620">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15936138f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15936138f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="eurasijství"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph260648&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007558087205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/130998796">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&oldid=1258438549">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&oldid=1258438549</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eurasianism" title="Category:Eurasianism">Eurasianism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Category:Conservatism in Russia">Conservatism in Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_relations_theory" title="Category:International relations theory">International relations theory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Bolshevism" title="Category:National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_mysticism" title="Category:National mysticism">National mysticism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-Sovietism" title="Category:Neo-Sovietism">Neo-Sovietism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-Stalinism" title="Category:Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pan-nationalism" title="Category:Pan-nationalism">Pan-nationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Russia" title="Category:Politics of Russia">Politics of Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_philosophy" title="Category:Russian philosophy">Russian philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spheres_of_influence" title="Category:Spheres of influence">Spheres of influence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:White_Russian_emigration" title="Category:White Russian emigration">White Russian emigration</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">CS1 maint: location</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2023">Use dmy dates from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 November 2024, at 19:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurasianism&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-556c5f94cd-4qvbt","wgBackendResponseTime":161,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.167","walltime":"1.475","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6827,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":327588,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5314,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":32,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":258050,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1120.828 1 -total"," 35.03% 392.631 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.19% 159.082 19 Template:Cite_web"," 11.36% 127.279 2 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 11.25% 126.145 8 Template:Navbox"," 10.23% 114.647 2 Template:Langx"," 8.07% 90.398 1 Template:Eurasianism"," 6.07% 67.981 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.85% 65.529 12 Template:Cite_news"," 5.40% 60.499 1 Template:Pan-nationalist_concepts"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.639","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16300978,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-99hdr","timestamp":"20241130113155","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Eurasianism","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurasianism","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1324222","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1324222","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-07-24T05:05:58Z","dateModified":"2024-11-19T19:06:22Z","headline":"political movement"}</script> </body> </html>