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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ĉefa menuo</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigado </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-desciption" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do"><span>Ĉefpaĝo</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portalo:Komunumo" title="Pri la projekto, kion vi povas fari, kie vi povas trovi ion"><span>Komunuma portalo</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a 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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Lastaj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Novaj_pa%C4%9Doj"><span>Novaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Hazarda_pa%C4%9Do" title="Iri al hazarda paĝo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Hazarda paĝo</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enhavo" title="La loko por eltrovi"><span>Helpo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-eo.svg" style="width: 6.875em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eo.svg" width="109" height="13" style="width: 6.8125em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ensaluti</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Pliaj agordoj" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personaj iloj" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personaj iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menuo de uzanto" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eo.wikipedia.org&uselang=eo"><span>Donaci</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Krei_konton&returnto=Marnivelo" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi kreu uzantokonton kaj ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas deviga"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Krei konton</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Ensaluti&returnto=Marnivelo" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas devige. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ensaluti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Paĝoj por elsalutitaj redaktistoj <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Lernu pli pri redaktado"><span>Lernu pli</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Miaj_kontribuoj" title="Listo de redaktoj faritaj el ĉi tiu IPa adreso [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribuoj</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Mia_diskutpa%C4%9Do" title="Diskuto pri redaktoj sub tiu ĉi IP adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Enhavo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Enhavo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Averaĝa_marnivelo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Averaĝa_marnivelo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Averaĝa marnivelo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Averaĝa_marnivelo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aerdenso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aerdenso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aerdenso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aerdenso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marborda_tereno_sub_la_marnivelo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marborda_tereno_sub_la_marnivelo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Marborda tereno sub la marnivelo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marborda_tereno_sub_la_marnivelo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marnivela_leviĝo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marnivela_leviĝo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Marnivela leviĝo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marnivela_leviĝo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bildgalerio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bildgalerio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bildgalerio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bildgalerio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidu_ankaŭ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vidu ankaŭ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksteraj_ligiloj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksteraj_ligiloj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Eksteraj ligiloj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksteraj_ligiloj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marnivelo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 97 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seevlak" title="Seevlak — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Seevlak" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livel_d%27a_mar" title="Livel d'a mar — aragona" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Livel d'a mar" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1" title="مستوى سطح البحر — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستوى سطح البحر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivel_de_la_mar" title="Nivel de la mar — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nivel de la mar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99niz_s%C9%99viyy%C9%99si" title="Dəniz səviyyəsi — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəniz səviyyəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="دنیز سطحی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دنیز سطحی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Диңгеҙ кимәле — baŝkira" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Диңгеҙ кимәле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baŝkira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Узровень мора — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Узровень мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" title="Морско равнище — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Морско равнище" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B2" title="समुंद्र तल — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="समुंद्र तल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B2" title="সমুদ্র সমতল — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সমুদ্র সমতল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivell_mitj%C3%A0_del_mar" title="Nivell mitjà del mar — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nivell mitjà del mar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="ХӀордан сиз — ĉeĉena" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀордан сиз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ĉeĉena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hladina_mo%C5%99e" title="Hladina moře — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hladina moře" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%97%D1%81_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D3%97" title="Тинӗс шайӗ — ĉuvaŝa" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тинӗс шайӗ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ĉuvaŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havoverflade" title="Havoverflade — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Havoverflade" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meeresspiegel" title="Meeresspiegel — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meeresspiegel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Στάθμη θαλάσσης — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στάθμη θαλάσσης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sea level" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivel_del_mar" title="Nivel del mar — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nivel del mar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meretase" title="Meretase — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Meretase" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsas_maila" title="Itsas maila — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itsas maila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="سطح دریای آزاد — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سطح دریای آزاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merenpinnan_taso" title="Merenpinnan taso — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Merenpinnan taso" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niveau_de_la_mer" title="Niveau de la mer — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Niveau de la mer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siapeegel" title="Siapeegel — nord-frisa" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Siapeegel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nord-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivel_dal_m%C3%A2r" title="Nivel dal mâr — friula" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Nivel dal mâr" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seenivo" title="Seenivo — okcident-frisa" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Seenivo" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="okcident-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibh%C3%A9al_na_mara" title="Leibhéal na mara — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leibhéal na mara" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivel_medio_do_mar" title="Nivel medio do mar — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nivel medio do mar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level — haŭsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sea level" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haŭsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D" title="גובה פני הים — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גובה פני הים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B2" title="समुद्र तल — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समुद्र तल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morska_razina" title="Morska razina — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Morska razina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բացարձակ բարձրություն — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բացարձակ բարձրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivello_del_mar" title="Nivello del mar — Interlingvao" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nivello del mar" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingvao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permukaan_laut" title="Permukaan laut — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Permukaan laut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantar_ti_baybay" title="Pantar ti baybay — iloka" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pantar ti baybay" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marala_nivelo" title="Marala nivelo — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Marala nivelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%A1varm%C3%A1l" title="Sjávarmál — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sjávarmál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livello_del_mare" title="Livello del mare — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Livello del mare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%9D%A2" title="海面 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="海面" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="ზღვის დონე — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზღვის დონე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Абсоліоттік биіктік — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Абсоліоттік биіктік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%88%98%EB%A9%B4" title="해수면 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="해수면" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asta_deryay%C3%AA" title="Asta deryayê — kurda" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Asta deryayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Деңиз деңгээли — kirgiza" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Деңиз деңгээли" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maris_aequor" title="Maris aequor — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maris aequor" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zie%C3%ABniveau" title="Zieëniveau — limburga" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zieëniveau" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivell_del_mar" title="Nivell del mar — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nivell del mar" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABros_lygis" title="Jūros lygis — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jūros lygis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABras_l%C4%ABmenis" title="Jūras līmenis — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jūras līmenis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nang_dhuwur_laut" title="Nang dhuwur laut — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Nang dhuwur laut" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haavon%27ny_ranomasina" title="Haavon'ny ranomasina — malagasa" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Haavon'ny ranomasina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Морско ниво — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Морско ниво" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="സമുദ്രനിരപ്പ് — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സമുദ്രനിരപ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Далайн түвшин — mongola" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Далайн түвшин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="समुद्रसपाटी — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="समुद्रसपाटी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aras_laut" title="Aras laut — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aras laut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ပင်လယ်ရေမျက်နှာပြင် — birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပင်လယ်ရေမျက်နှာပြင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeeniveau" title="Zeeniveau — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zeeniveau" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havniv%C3%A5" title="Havnivå — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Havnivå" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havniv%C3%A5" title="Havnivå — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Havnivå" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niv%C3%A8l_de_la_mar" title="Nivèl de la mar — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nivèl de la mar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poziom_morza" title="Poziom morza — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Poziom morza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livel_d%C3%ABl_mar" title="Livel dël mar — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Livel dël mar" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1" title="سمندری پدھر — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سمندری پدھر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADvel_do_mar" title="Nível do mar — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nível do mar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelul_m%C4%83rii" title="Nivelul mării — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nivelul mării" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F" title="Уровень моря — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уровень моря" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F" title="Уровень моря — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Уровень моря" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livellu_de_su_mare" title="Livellu de su mare — sarda" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Livellu de su mare" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level — skota" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sea level" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razina_mora" title="Razina mora — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Razina mora" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sea level" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hladina_mora" title="Hladina mora — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hladina mora" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morska_gladina" title="Morska gladina — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Morska gladina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jooga_bada" title="Jooga bada — somala" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jooga bada" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ниво светског мора — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ниво светског мора" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havsyta" title="Havsyta — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Havsyta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usawa_bahari_wastani" title="Usawa bahari wastani — svahila" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Usawa bahari wastani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கடல் மட்டம் — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கடல் மட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%82" title="సముద్రమట్టం — telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సముద్రమట్టం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5" title="ระดับน้ำทะเล — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระดับน้ำทะเล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_seviyesi" title="Deniz seviyesi — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Deniz seviyesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F" title="Рівень моря — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рівень моря" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="سطح سمندر — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سطح سمندر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengiz_sathi" title="Dengiz sathi — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dengiz sathi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BB%B1c_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_bi%E1%BB%83n" title="Mực nước biển — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mực nước biển" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katupngan_ha_dagat" title="Katupngan ha dagat — varaja" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Katupngan ha dagat" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2" title="海平面 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="海平面" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="ზუღაშ დონე — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზუღაშ დონე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ze%C3%AAniveau" title="Zeêniveau — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Zeêniveau" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2" title="海平面 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海平面" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2" title="海平面 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="海平面" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1i-p%C3%AAng-b%C4%ABn" title="Hái-pêng-bīn — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hái-pêng-bīn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2" title="海平面 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="海平面" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125465#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marnivelo" title="Vidi la artikolon [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikolo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuto:Marnivelo&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuto pri la artikolo (paĝo ne ekzistas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝanĝi lingvan varianton" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Esperanto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vidoj"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marnivelo"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&action=history" title="Antaŭaj versioj de ĉi tiu paĝo. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Iloj" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Iloj</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Pliaj opcioj" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Agoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marnivelo"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&action=history"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ĝenerale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kio_ligas_%C4%89i_tien%3F/Marnivelo" title="Listo de ĉiuj vikiaj paĝoj kiuj ligas ĉi tien [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ligiloj ĉi tien</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Rilataj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj/Marnivelo" rel="nofollow" title="Lastaj ŝanĝoj en paĝoj kiuj ligas al ĉi tiu paĝo [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Rilataj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eo" title="Alŝuti dosierojn [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Alŝuti dosieron</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Specialaj_pa%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de ĉiuj specialaj paĝoj [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&oldid=8749351" title="Porĉiama ligilo al ĉi versio de la paĝo"><span>Konstanta ligilo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&action=info" title="Pli da informo pri ĉi tiu paĝo"><span>Informoj pri la paĝo</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Citi&page=Marnivelo&id=8749351&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informoj pri kiel citi ĉi tiun paĝon"><span>Citi ĉi tiun artikolon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarnivelo"><span>Akiri mallongigitan URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarnivelo"><span>Elŝutu QR-kodon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Presi/elporti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Marnivelo"><span>Krei libron</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:DownloadAsPdf&page=Marnivelo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Elŝuti kiel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&printable=yes" title="Presebla versio de tiu ĉi paĝo [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Presebla versio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En aliaj projektoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sea_level" hreflang="en"><span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125465" title="Ligilo al konektita datuma ero [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ero en Vikidatumoj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">El Vikipedio, la libera enciklopedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"><p>La <b>marnivelo</b> estas la <a href="/wiki/Nivelo" class="mw-disambig" title="Nivelo">nivelo</a> de la mara surfaco, al kiu oni kutime rilatas la altecon de ĉiuj punktoj de la Tero. Oni uzas la averaĝan marnivelon por esprimi la <a href="/wiki/Alto" title="Alto">altecon</a> de geografiaj punktoj ankaŭ en granda distanco de marbordoj - ekzemple tiel difiniĝas la alteco de la mondaj <a href="/wiki/Monto" title="Monto">montoj</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Averaĝa_marnivelo"><span id="Avera.C4.9Da_marnivelo"></span>Averaĝa marnivelo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Averaĝa marnivelo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Averaĝa marnivelo"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg/180px-Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg/270px-Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg/360px-Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Variado de la gravitforto sur Tero</figcaption></figure> <p>La marnivelo male al <b>averaĝa marnivelo</b> ne estas <a href="/wiki/Konstanto" title="Konstanto">konstanto</a>. Ĝi ŝanĝiĝas ĉefe laŭ <a href="/wiki/Tajdo" title="Tajdo">tajdocikloj</a>, sed povas ŝanĝi, loke kaj malforte, ankaŭ pro <a href="/wiki/Vento" title="Vento">vento</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Temperaturo" title="Temperaturo">temperaturo</a>. </p><p>Ankaŭ la averaĝa marnivelo ne estas tute konstanta. Ĝi dependas, ekzemple, de la variado de la <a href="/wiki/Gravito" title="Gravito">gravito</a> ĉe la surfaco de la Tero. </p><p>La averaĝa marnivelo dependas longtempe de klimataj ŝanĝiĝoj. Tiel nuntempe altiĝas la marnivelo pro la degelo de <a href="/wiki/Antarkto" title="Antarkto">Antarkto</a> kaj de glacimontoj je efiko de la tuttera <a href="/wiki/Klimata_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Di%C4%9Do" class="mw-redirect" title="Klimata ŝanĝiĝo">klimata ŝanĝiĝo</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm/220px--Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="172" data-mwtitle="Leviĝantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Dosiero:Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm/Levi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALevi%C4%9Dantaj_Akvoj_Malekvilibritaj_glaciaj_tavoloj_-_scivolemo_-_nasa.webm&lang=eo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eo" label="Esperanto ‪(eo)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Video pri Leviĝantaj Akvoj de NASA, tradukita de la jutuba kanalo <a href="/wiki/Scivolemo_(projekto)" title="Scivolemo (projekto)">Scivolemo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Vertical_references_in_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Vertical_references_in_Europe.svg/220px-Vertical_references_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Vertical_references_in_Europe.svg/330px-Vertical_references_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Vertical_references_in_Europe.svg/440px-Vertical_references_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Stacioj uzataj de EVRS, plejparte jam uzataj de la naciaj konvenciaj marniveloj</figcaption></figure> <p>Por precizaj <a href="/wiki/Mezuro" title="Mezuro">mezuroj</a> konvenciaj marniveloj estas uzataj. Ekzemple, en <a href="/wiki/Britio" class="mw-redirect" title="Britio">Britio</a> oni uzas la averaĝan marnivelon mezuritan inter 1915 kaj 1921 en la urbo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Newlyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newlyn (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Newlyn</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kornvalo" title="Kornvalo">Kornvalo</a>; en <a href="/wiki/Francio" title="Francio">Francio</a> oni uzas averaĝan marnivelon de <a href="/wiki/Marsejlo" title="Marsejlo">Marsejlo</a>; ktp. Nuntempe en Eŭropo ekzistas <b>EVRS</b> (<i>European Vertical Reference System</i>, Eŭropa Vertikala Rilatsistemo),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kiu iom post iom anstataŭas la konvenciojn de la individuaj landoj. </p> <dl><dt>Normalnulo</dt> <dd>Ĉiu punkto, kiu laŭ alteco identas kun la averaĝa marnivelo, nomiĝas "<b>normalnulo</b>" (mallongigo "<b>NN</b>").</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aerdenso">Aerdenso</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Aerdenso" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Aerdenso"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Je marnivelo la <a href="/wiki/Aerdenso" title="Aerdenso">aerdenso</a> egalas al 1,2041 <a href="/wiki/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo">kg</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kuba_metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuba metro">m³</a> (0,0012 <a href="/wiki/Gramo" title="Gramo">g</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kuba_centimetro" title="Kuba centimetro">cm³</a>) ĉe <span style="white-space: nowrap;">20 <a href="/wiki/Grado_de_Celsio" title="Grado de Celsio">°C</a></span>. Tie ĝi estas kunpremata per la tuta maso da aero, kiu troviĝas supre de ĝi. Pro tio la aerdenso je granda altitudo iĝas ĉiam pli malgranda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marborda_tereno_sub_la_marnivelo">Marborda tereno sub la marnivelo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakti sekcion: Marborda tereno sub la marnivelo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Marborda tereno sub la marnivelo"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Se tereno en la proksimeco de marbordo troviĝas sub la marnivelo, necesas aparte fortaj <a href="/wiki/Digo" title="Digo">digoj</a> por protekti ĝin de <a href="/wiki/Inundo" title="Inundo">inundoj</a> - tio validas ekzemple por partoj de <a href="/wiki/Nederlando" title="Nederlando">Nederlando</a> kaj la norda <a href="/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio">Germanio</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marnivela_leviĝo"><span id="Marnivela_levi.C4.9Do"></span>Marnivela leviĝo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakti sekcion: Marnivela leviĝo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&action=edit&section=4" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Marnivela leviĝo"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8860200">.mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.5em;font-style:italic}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border:1px solid #333333}html.skin-theme-clientpref-light .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#F9F9F9;color:black;border:1px solid #AAAAAA}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border:1px solid #333333}}</style> <div class="cxefartikolo" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/18px-Loupe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/24px-Loupe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="57" /></span></span> Pli detalaj informoj troveblas en artikolo <a href="/wiki/Marnivela_levi%C4%9Do" title="Marnivela leviĝo">Marnivela leviĝo</a>.</div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Tero" title="Tero">Tero</a> ne estas tute neŝanĝebla, sed male ĝi suferas diversajn ŝanĝojn en diversaj aspektoj: la marnivelo, tio estas la kvanto de akvo en la maroj, dependas el tre diversaj faktoroj, ekzemple movoj en la marfundo, kvanto de akvo kiu venas al la maroj el la kontinentoj kaj insuloj, kvanto de akvo kiu foriras el la maroj pro vaporiĝo ktp. </p><p>Ĵusa studo de la universitatoj de Leeds kaj Lankastero uzanta satelitan informaron, publikigita en la gazeto <i><a href="/wiki/Nature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature">Nature</a></i> indikas, ke en la lasta jardeko, 3,5 bilionoj de <a href="/wiki/Tuno" title="Tuno">tunoj</a> de <a href="/wiki/Glacio" title="Glacio">glacio</a> fandiĝis el la surfaco de <a href="/wiki/Gronlando" title="Gronlando">Gronlando</a>, egalvalora kvanto kiu kovrus la tutan areon de la <a href="/wiki/Unui%C4%9Dinta_Re%C4%9Dlando" title="Unuiĝinta Reĝlando">Unuiĝinta Reĝlando</a> per ĉirkaŭ 15 metroj de akvo el glacifandado. De 2011 ĝis 2020, la pliiĝo de la glacifando de Gronlando plialtigis la marnivelon en unu centimetro. Alia grava informo estas ke en la lastaj kvar jardekoj la fenomeno de la glacifandado en la insulo pliiĝis je ĉirkaŭ 21%, kaj iĝis 60% pli ŝanĝiĝema el unu somero al alia.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bildgalerio">Bildgalerio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redakti sekcion: Bildgalerio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&action=edit&section=5" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Bildgalerio"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Recent_Sea_Level_Rise.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Recent_Sea_Level_Rise.png/120px-Recent_Sea_Level_Rise.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Recent_Sea_Level_Rise.png/180px-Recent_Sea_Level_Rise.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Recent_Sea_Level_Rise.png/240px-Recent_Sea_Level_Rise.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="373" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Phanerozoic_Sea_Level.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Phanerozoic_Sea_Level.png/120px-Phanerozoic_Sea_Level.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Phanerozoic_Sea_Level.png/180px-Phanerozoic_Sea_Level.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Phanerozoic_Sea_Level.png/240px-Phanerozoic_Sea_Level.png 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Post-Glacial_Sea_Level.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Post-Glacial_Sea_Level.png/120px-Post-Glacial_Sea_Level.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Post-Glacial_Sea_Level.png/180px-Post-Glacial_Sea_Level.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Post-Glacial_Sea_Level.png/240px-Post-Glacial_Sea_Level.png 2x" data-file-width="1813" data-file-height="1088" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ"><span id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD"></span>Vidu ankaŭ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&action=edit&section=6" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Vidu ankaŭ"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maro" title="Maro">Maro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajdo" title="Tajdo">Tajdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inundo" title="Inundo">Inundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunamo" title="Cunamo">Cunamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normaal_Amsterdams_Peil" class="mw-redirect" title="Normaal Amsterdams Peil">NAP</a> (Normala Amsterdama Akvonivelo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermara_alteco" title="Supermara alteco">Supermara alteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sueza_Kanalo" title="Sueza Kanalo">Sueza Kanalo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notoj">Notoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redakti sekcion: Notoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&action=edit&section=7" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Notoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-small" style="padding-right: 6px;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160904011745/http://www.euref.eu/euref_egrs.html">European Geodetic Reference Systems</a> (<a href="/wiki/Angla_lingvo" title="Angla lingvo"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">angle</span></a>). EUREF (2011-02-04). Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euref.eu/euref_egrs.html">la originalo</a> je 2016-09-04. Alirita 2016-10-16 .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publico.es/sociedad/deshielo-groenlandia-eleva-nivel-mar-centimetro-ultima-decada.html">El deshielo de Groenlandia eleva el nivel del mar un centímetro en la última década</a> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%BAblico" title="Público">Público</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrido" title="Madrido">Madrido</a>, 02/11/2021. Alirita en 03/11/2021.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksteraj_ligiloj">Eksteraj ligiloj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redakti sekcion: Eksteraj ligiloj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marnivelo&action=edit&section=8" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Eksteraj ligiloj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"><li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sea_level?uselang=eo">Kategorio Marnivelo en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span> </li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pol.ac.uk/psmsl">Konstanta Servo pri Marnivelo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071024132938/http://www.pol.ac.uk/psmsl/">Arkivigite je</a> 2007-10-24 per la retarkivo <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agu.org/revgeophys/dougla01/dougla01.html">oceannivelaj ŝanĝoj: Konstato kaj interpretado</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081226202137/http://www.agu.org/revgeophys/dougla01/dougla01.html">Arkivigite je</a> 2008-12-26 per la retarkivo <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ResourceCenterPublicationsSeaLevelRiseIndex.html">Oceannivelaj plialtiĝoj</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005061922/http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ResourceCenterPublicationsSeaLevelRiseIndex.html">Arkivigite je</a> 2007-10-05 per la retarkivo <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pol.ac.uk/psmsl/puscience/index.html#1">Averaĝa marnivelo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060415013832/http://www.pol.ac.uk/psmsl/puscience/index.html#1">Arkivigite je</a> 2006-04-15 per la retarkivo <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="clear:both; margin-top:0px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding: 0px; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Norma_datumaro" title="Norma datumaro">Bibliotekoj</a> </td> <td class="plainlinks hlist" style="font-size: 80%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helpo:Bibliotekoj" title="Helpo:Bibliotekoj">PeEnEo</a>: <a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/?curid=36673">36673</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Komuna_Norma_Datumaro" title="Komuna Norma Datumaro">GND</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4169254-8">4169254-8</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kontrolnumero_de_la_Kongresa_Biblioteko_de_Usono" title="Kontrolnumero de la Kongresa Biblioteko de Usono">LCCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/sh85119230">sh85119230</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Dieto" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Dieto">NDL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564633">00564633</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_la_%C4%88e%C4%A5a_Respubliko" title="Nacia Biblioteko de la Ĉeĥa Respubliko">NKC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph875945">ph875945</a></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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