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accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Viviparisme" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Viviparisme" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plantes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plantes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Plantes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plantes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Viviparisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 47 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivipariteit" title="Vivipariteit - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vivipariteit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparismo" title="Viviparismo - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Viviparismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ولودية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ولودية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Живораждане - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Живораждане" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparnost" title="Viviparnost - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Viviparnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivorodost" title="Živorodost - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Živorodost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparie" title="Viviparie - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Viviparie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparity" title="Viviparity - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Viviparity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivonasko" title="Vivonasko - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vivonasko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparidad" title="Viviparidad - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Viviparidad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivipaaria" title="Vivipaaria - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vivipaaria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibiparo" title="Bibiparo - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bibiparo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زنده‌زایی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زنده‌زایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparit%C3%A9" title="Viviparité - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Viviparité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beobhreitheach" title="Beobhreitheach - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Beobhreitheach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparidade" title="Viviparidade - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Viviparidade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%94" title="השרצה - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השרצה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जरायुजता - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जरायुजता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparnost" title="Viviparnost - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Viviparnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կենդանածնություն - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենդանածնություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivipar" title="Vivipar - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vivipar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifandi_f%C3%A6%C3%B0ing" title="Lifandi fæðing - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lifandi fæðing" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparit%C3%A0" title="Viviparità - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Viviparità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E7%94%9F" title="胎生 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="胎生" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%83%9D" title="태생 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태생" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyvavedyst%C4%97" title="Gyvavedystė - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gyvavedystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Живородност - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Живородност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="വിവിപാരിറ്റി - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിവിപാരിറ്റി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivipariti" title="Vivipariti - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vivipariti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparie" title="Viviparie - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Viviparie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivipar" title="Vivipar - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vivipar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivipari" title="Vivipari - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vivipari" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BByworodno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Żyworodność - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żyworodność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparidade" title="Viviparidade - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Viviparidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparitate" title="Viviparitate - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Viviparitate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Живорождение - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Живорождение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="وائوپئرٽي - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وائوپئرٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparity" title="Viviparity - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Viviparity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivorodos%C5%A5" title="Živorodosť - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Živorodosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Вивипарија - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вивипарија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivivar" title="Vivivar - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vivivar" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivipari" title="Vivipari - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vivipari" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சீவசமுளைத்தல் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீவசமுளைத்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivipar" title="Vivipar - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vivipar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Живородні організми - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Живородні організми" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Poa_alpina_a2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Poa_alpina_a2.jpg/220px-Poa_alpina_a2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Poa_alpina_a2.jpg/330px-Poa_alpina_a2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Poa_alpina_a2.jpg/440px-Poa_alpina_a2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Poa_alpina" class="mw-redirect" title="Poa alpina">Poa alpina</a></i>, una <a href="/wiki/Herba" title="Herba">herba</a> en la qual les llavors germinen quan encara es troben aferrades a la planta materna.</figcaption></figure> <p>El <b>viviparisme</b> és una modalitat de <a href="/wiki/Reproducci%C3%B3" title="Reproducció">reproducció</a> pròpia dels <a href="/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme">organismes</a> vivípars. </p><p>L'objectiu del viviparisme és obtenir descendents que quan es desprenen de la mare són ja <a href="/wiki/Organisme_pluricel%C2%B7lular" title="Organisme pluricel·lular">organismes pluricel·lulars</a> i molt complexes. És una estratègia per disminuir la <a href="/wiki/Taxa_de_mortalitat" title="Taxa de mortalitat">taxa de mortalitat</a> de les <a href="/wiki/Cria" class="mw-redirect" title="Cria">cries</a> mitjançant l'augment del control sobre el medi per part dels pares. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Animals">Animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viviparisme&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Animals"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Es consideren <b>vivípars</b> aquells <a href="/wiki/Animals" title="Animals">animals</a> en els quals els <a href="/wiki/Embri%C3%B3" title="Embrió">embrions</a> que produeixen es nodreixen, parcialment o total, de la mare durant el període d'incubació. El desenvolupament de les cries a l'interior del cos matern és un procés <a href="/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3" title="Evolució">evolutiu</a> que s'ha produït reiteradament en diferents grups: </p> <ul><li>Hi ha un gènere de <a href="/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa">meduses</a> <a href="/wiki/Abissal" class="mw-redirect" title="Abissal">abissals</a> vivípares (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stygiomedusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stygiomedusa (encara no existeix)">Stygiomedusa</a></i>)</li> <li>Els <a href="/wiki/Onic%C3%B2fors" title="Onicòfors">onicòfors</a> són vivípars</li> <li>En els <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbelari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turbelari (encara no existeix)">turbelaris</a> <a href="/wiki/Tricl%C3%A0dide" class="mw-redirect" title="Triclàdide">triclàdides</a> i en els <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neorabdocels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neorabdocels (encara no existeix)">neorabdocels</a>, els <a href="/wiki/Ou_(biologia)" title="Ou (biologia)">ous</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fecundat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fecundat (encara no existeix)">fecundats</a>, juntament amb les <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8l%C2%B7lules" class="mw-redirect" title="Cèl·lules">cèl·lules</a> <a href="/wiki/Vitel" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitel">vitel·lines</a>, passen a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Atri_genital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atri genital (encara no existeix)">atri genital</a>, on són embolcallats formant un capoll on es desenvolupen els embrions i que, finalment, l'adult diposita sota les fulles.</li> <li>Els <a href="/wiki/Clad%C3%B2cer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cladòcer">cladòcers</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polif%C3%A8mid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polifèmid (encara no existeix)">polifèmids</a> tenen la closca convertida en una cambra incubadora, des de la qual els embrions reben l'aliment de la mare.</li> <li>Alguns <a href="/wiki/Insectes" title="Insectes">insectes</a> també (viviparismes <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenotr%C3%B2fic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adenotròfic (encara no existeix)">adenotròfic</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoc%C3%A8lic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemocèlic (encara no existeix)">hemocèlic</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoplacentari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudoplacentari (encara no existeix)">pseudoplacentari</a>) com les <a href="/wiki/Femelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Femelles">femelles</a> <a href="/wiki/Partenog%C3%A8nesi" title="Partenogènesi">partenogenètiques</a> dels <a href="/wiki/Pug%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Pugó">pugons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Afido%C3%AFdeus" title="Afidoïdeus">afidoïdeus</a>) o alguns <a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADpter" class="mw-redirect" title="Dípter">dípters</a> i <a href="/wiki/Derm%C3%A0pter" class="mw-redirect" title="Dermàpter">dermàpters</a></li> <li>Molts <a href="/wiki/Peixos" title="Peixos">peixos</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selaci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selaci (encara no existeix)">Selacis</a> com la <a href="/wiki/Tintorera_(taur%C3%B3)" title="Tintorera (tauró)">tintorera</a> (<i>Prionace glauca</i>) o la <a href="/wiki/Mussola_vera" title="Mussola vera">mussola</a> (<i>Mustelus mustelus</i>), i <a href="/wiki/Peix_ossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Peix ossi">peixos ossis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Teleosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleosti">teleostis</a>) com la <a href="/wiki/Gamb%C3%BAsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambúsia">gambúsia</a> (<i>Gambusia affinis</i>) o els <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex%C3%B2tic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exòtic (encara no existeix)">exòtics</a> <a href="/wiki/Guppy" title="Guppy">guppy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molly" class="mw-redirect" title="Molly">molly</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plati (encara no existeix)">plati</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xipho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xipho (encara no existeix)">xipho</a> que a casa nostra es reclouen en <a href="/wiki/Aquari_(biologia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquari (biologia)">aquaris</a>. El peix (i <a href="/wiki/Vertebrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrat">vertebrat</a>) vivípar més antic conegut és el <i><a href="/wiki/Materpiscis" title="Materpiscis">Materpiscis</a></i>.</li> <li>Certs <a href="/wiki/Lac%C3%A8rtids" title="Lacèrtids">llangardaixos</a> i <a href="/wiki/Serp" class="mw-redirect" title="Serp">serps</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Lacerta_vivipara" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacerta vivipara">Lacerta vivipara</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vipera" title="Vipera">Vipera</a></i>).</li> <li>Els <a href="/wiki/Mam%C3%ADfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamífer">mamífers</a> (tret dels <a href="/wiki/Monotremes" title="Monotremes">monotremes</a> i altres <a href="/wiki/Prototeris" title="Prototeris">prototeris</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plantes">Plantes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viviparisme&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Plantes"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les <b>plantes vivípares</b> produeixen <a href="/wiki/Llavor" title="Llavor">llavors</a> que germinen abans que tingui lloc la separació de la planta mare. Aquest cas es dona en moltes espècies de <a href="/wiki/Manglar" title="Manglar">manglar</a>, en les <a href="/wiki/Atzavares" class="mw-redirect" title="Atzavares">atzavares</a> <i>(Agave spp.)</i> i també entre les herbes <a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A0cies" title="Poàcies">poàcies</a>, per exemple.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viviparisme&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vivipary" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vivipary">Viviparisme</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">UCLA: The Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/worldvegetation/marinewetlands/mangal/a1366tx.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232632/http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/worldvegetation/marinewetlands/mangal/a1366tx.html">Arxivat</a> 2016-03-03 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mètodes_de_reproducció" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:M%C3%A8todes_de_reproducci%C3%B3" title="Plantilla:Mètodes de reproducció"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Mètodes_de_reproducció" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mètodes de reproducció</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oviparisme" title="Oviparisme">Oviparisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovuliparisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovuliparisme">Ovuliparisme</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viviparisme</a> (Histotròfic, Hemotròfic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovoviviparisme" title="Ovoviviparisme">Ovoviviparisme</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Frogspawn_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frogspawn"><img alt="Frogspawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Frogspawn_closeup.jpg/150px-Frogspawn_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Frogspawn_closeup.jpg/225px-Frogspawn_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Frogspawn_closeup.jpg/300px-Frogspawn_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fecundaci%C3%B3" title="Fecundació">Fecundació</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fecundaci%C3%B3_externa" title="Fecundació externa">Fecundació externa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fecundaci%C3%B3_interna" title="Fecundació interna">Fecundació interna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cura_parental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cura parental (encara no existeix)">Cura parental</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crian%C3%A7a_d%27infants" title="Criança d'infants">humans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reproducci%C3%B3_dels_mam%C3%ADfers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reproducció dels mamífers (encara no existeix)">mamífers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cura_parental_en_ocells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cura parental en ocells (encara no existeix)">ocells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incubaci%C3%B3_bucal" title="Incubació bucal">peixos <i>(incubació bucal)</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Vegeu també</i></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Embar%C3%A0s_en_peixos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Embaràs en peixos (encara no existeix)">Embaràs en peixos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Embar%C3%A0s_mascul%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Embaràs masculí (encara no existeix)">Embaràs masculí</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matrotr%C3%B2fia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matrotròfia (encara no existeix)">Matrotròfia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oof%C3%A0gia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oofàgia (encara no existeix)">Oofàgia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ou_tr%C3%B2fic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ou tròfic (encara no existeix)">Ou tròfic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viv%C3%ADpars_d%27aquari" title="Vivípars d'aquari">Vivípars d'aquari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bases d'informació</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GEC" class="mw-redirect" title="GEC">GEC</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/viviparisme">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viviparisme&oldid=32978566">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viviparisme&oldid=32978566</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Reproducci%C3%B3_sexual" title="Categoria:Reproducció sexual">Reproducció sexual</a></li><li><a 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