JFK in History | JFK Library

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To gain an understanding of this era, these essays provide brief discussions of the significant events that occurred during President Kennedy's years in office, and are intended to give you an overview of the challenges and issues that defined his administration." /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history" /> <meta property="og:title" content="JFK in History" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The early 1960s were tumultuous times for the United States and the world. To gain an understanding of this era, these essays provide brief discussions of the significant events that occurred during President Kennedy's years in office, and are intended to give you an overview of the challenges and issues that defined his administration." /> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://www.jfklibrary.org/sites/default/files/styles/open_graph/public/2018-08/ST-A26-1-62%20page%20banner.jpg?itok=f-7LSR9S" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="s2jjdpx10oiypmgsleh1yttxn4xa55" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/jfkl/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" 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Kennedy and Ireland</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/jacqueline-kennedy-in-the-white-house" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4806">Jacqueline Kennedy in the White House</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/a-brief-history-of-jfk-and-japan" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18011">A Brief History of JFK and Japan</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/laos" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4811">Laos</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/november-22-1963-death-of-the-president" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4816">November 22, 1963: Death of the President</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/nuclear-test-ban-treaty" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4821">Nuclear Test Ban Treaty</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/peace-corps" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4831">Peace Corps</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/physical-fitness" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4836">Physical Fitness</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-the-press" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4841">John F. Kennedy and the Press</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-pt-109" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4826">John F. Kennedy and PT 109</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-religion" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4846">John F. Kennedy and Religion</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/space-program" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4851">Space Program</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-the-student-airlift" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4856">John F. Kennedy and the Student Airlift</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/vietnam" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4866">Vietnam</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/vietnam-diem-the-buddhist-crisis" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3346">Vietnam, Diem, the Buddhist Crisis</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-white-house-restoration" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4871">The White House Restoration</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/white-house-tape-recordings" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3326">White House Tape Recordings</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/historic-speeches" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/486">Historic Speeches</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/the-kennedy-family" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4526">The Kennedy Family</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/media-galleries" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12496">Media Galleries</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/interactives" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/50">Interactives</a> </li> <li > <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfkl-from-home" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/366186">JFKL from Home</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav><div id="block-jfkl-breadcrumbs" data-block-plugin-id="system_breadcrumb_block" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/learn">Learn</a> </li> <li> <a href="/learn/about-jfk">About JFK</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockmodal-popup-block-block-1" id="block-views-block-modal-popup-block-block-1" data-block-plugin-id="views_block:modal_popup_block-block_1"> <div><div class="view view-modal-popup-block view-id-modal_popup_block view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-19d23d4834780100751910836a87793b35ebff3d9fd9ddefa12fdbde8c018c6d"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-last"> <section id="modal-popup" data-history-node-id="6693171" class="entity--type-node node node--type-modal-popup node--view-mode-full modal-6693171 modal-popup" data-node-id="6693171"> <article class="modal-popup__container"> <div class="modal-popup__content"> <div class="modal-popup__image" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/2025-02/Lightbox_Feb%20and%20March%202025_0.png?itok=pw2svMQO'); background-size: cover; background-position: center center;"></div> <div class="modal-popup__text"> <h2> Dedicated to all those who through the art of politics seek a new and better world. </h2> <a class="button red" href="https://www.jfklibrary.org/about-us/join-and-support/support-the-jfk-library">Donate Today</a> </div> </div> </article> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>       <div class="main-content-area-two-part clearfix">  <div id="primary" class="content-area" id="pg__c"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-jfkl-page-title" data-block-plugin-id="page_title_block" class="block block-core block-page-title-block"> <h1><span>JFK in History</span> </h1> </div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-jfkl-content" data-block-plugin-id="system_main_block" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article class="entry-content"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The early 1960s were tumultuous times for the United States and the world. To gain an understanding of this era, these essays provide brief discussions of the significant events that occurred during President Kennedy's years in office, and are intended to give you an overview of the challenges and issues that defined his administration.</p></div> </article> <ul class="two-column entry-list"> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1962/Month%2006/Day%2015/JFKWHP-1962-06-15-E/JFKWHP-AR7308-A.jpg?itok=uWuHvsYG) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-african-independence"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-african-independence"> <h2>John F. Kennedy and African Independence</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-african-independence">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1962/Month%2006/Day%2030/JFKWHP-1962-06-30-F/JFKWHP-KN-C22567.jpg?itok=f9H9Gblf) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/alliance-for-progress"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/alliance-for-progress"> <h2>Alliance for Progress (Alianza para el Progreso)</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/alliance-for-progress">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1962/Month%2005/Day%2011/JFKWHP-1962-05-11-F/JFKWHP-KN-C21656.jpg?itok=90nixJyl) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/arts-and-culture-in-the-kennedy-white-house"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/arts-and-culture-in-the-kennedy-white-house"> <h2>Arts and Culture in the Kennedy White House</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/arts-and-culture-in-the-kennedy-white-house">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/2018-05/PX81-32-3_lowres.jpg?itok=0tnbW8se) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-bay-of-pigs"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-bay-of-pigs"> <h2>The Bay of Pigs</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-bay-of-pigs">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/2018-03/PC1220.jpg?itok=PB58rj51) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/campaign-of-1960"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/campaign-of-1960"> <h2>Campaign of 1960</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/campaign-of-1960">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1963/Month%2008/Day%2028/JFKWHP-1963-08-28-C/JFKWHP-ST-C277-1-63.jpg?itok=VbaUfraE) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/civil-rights-movement"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/civil-rights-movement"> <h2>Civil Rights Movement</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/civil-rights-movement">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/2018-03/PX%2096-33-12.jpg?itok=AWioqSMd) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-cold-war"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-cold-war"> <h2>The Cold War</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-cold-war">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1963/Month%2006/Day%2026/JFKWHP-1963-06-26-C/JFKWHP-KN-C29210.jpg?itok=p64cBYHF) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-cold-war-in-berlin"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-cold-war-in-berlin"> <h2>The Cold War in Berlin</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/the-cold-war-in-berlin">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/DODCMCBM/002/DODCMCBM-002-004/DODCMCBM-PX-66-20-13.jpg?itok=apbAuFzz) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/cuban-missile-crisis"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/cuban-missile-crisis"> <h2>Cuban Missile Crisis</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/cuban-missile-crisis">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1962/Month%2008/Day%2013/JFKWHP-1962-08-13-B/JFKWHP-AR7410-D.jpg?itok=Wsz9xjMr) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-on-the-economy-and-taxes"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-on-the-economy-and-taxes"> <h2>John F. Kennedy on the Economy and Taxes</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-on-the-economy-and-taxes">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1961/Month%2011/Day%2014/JFKWHP-1961-11-14-A/JFKWHP-AR6894-A-CR.jpg?itok=Beys9hzR) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-people-with-intellectual-disabilities"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-people-with-intellectual-disabilities"> <h2>John F. Kennedy and People with Intellectual Disabilities</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-people-with-intellectual-disabilities">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1963/Month%2006/Day%2027/JFKWHP-1963-06-27-C/JFKWHP-ST-C232-9-63.jpg?itok=ejkNKhyt) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-ireland"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-ireland"> <h2>John F. Kennedy and Ireland</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-ireland">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1961/Month%2010/Day%2005/JFKWHP-1961-10-05-F/JFKWHP-KN-C19009.jpg?itok=I-fwJre_) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/jacqueline-kennedy-in-the-white-house"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/jacqueline-kennedy-in-the-white-house"> <h2>Jacqueline Kennedy in the White House</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/jacqueline-kennedy-in-the-white-house">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1961/Month%2006/Day%2020/JFKWHP-1961-06-20-A/JFKWHP-KN-C18090.jpg?itok=wUWe4D1i) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/a-brief-history-of-jfk-and-japan"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/a-brief-history-of-jfk-and-japan"> <h2>A Brief History of JFK and Japan</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/a-brief-history-of-jfk-and-japan">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1961/Month%2003/Day%2023/JFKWHP-1961-03-23-D/JFKWHP-AR6454-B.jpg?itok=ueVeDUW5) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/laos"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/laos"> <h2>Laos</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/laos">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1963/Month%2011/Day%2022/JFKWHP-1963-11-22-B/JFKWHP-ST-C420-13-63.jpg?itok=BAstnTvZ) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/november-22-1963-death-of-the-president"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/november-22-1963-death-of-the-president"> <h2>November 22: Death of the President</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/november-22-1963-death-of-the-president">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1963/Month%2007/Day%2026/JFKWHP-1963-07-26-D/JFKWHP-AR8046-C.jpg?itok=btcwGbmW) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/nuclear-test-ban-treaty"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/nuclear-test-ban-treaty"> <h2>Nuclear Test Ban Treaty</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/nuclear-test-ban-treaty">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/2018-05/PX%2065-2-20.jpg?itok=ikFuLgUO) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/peace-corps"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/peace-corps"> <h2>Peace Corps</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/peace-corps">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/2018-03/Fitness004.jpg?itok=Q9HZZjRK) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/physical-fitness"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/physical-fitness"> <h2>Physical Fitness</h2></a> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/physical-fitness">more...</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="bg-image" style="background:url(/sites/default/files/styles/crop_freeform/public/archives/JFKWHP/1962/Month%2011/Day%2020/JFKWHP-1962-11-20-C/JFKWHP-AR7595-B.jpg?itok=-KVOCVdi) center center no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a class="image-link" href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-the-press"></a> </div> <div class="copy-section"> <a href="/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/john-f-kennedy-and-the-press"> <h2>John F. 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