CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913552cabfd93f4b',cH: 'cCzDJ6DugKVHQZ1JWzyxMoZ0UzgxbtyTT4v84tBuhmg-1739790547-1.2.1.1-TTE34xAeSYpj6a9eVsxkeUJ3rj2DG3efg.sw0zQaDKbMkijjY23v6fyt_1gLjmWX',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=cracked%20rotor&__cf_chl_tk=2zorf_KXSWNKNzDRreflXPTb70SNhOW_2QejCpXtbLY-1739790547-1.0.1.1-06wKymu3wYBjEr2n409Q3I3Sj3mPAz6Yq9FMWfQxejM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739790547',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=cracked%20rotor&__cf_chl_f_tk=2zorf_KXSWNKNzDRreflXPTb70SNhOW_2QejCpXtbLY-1739790547-1.0.1.1-06wKymu3wYBjEr2n409Q3I3Sj3mPAz6Yq9FMWfQxejM",md: "CcLn5XqYNiW3Ej9HzWJXUFUCB1lcbNyV96WVfD9UT1g-1739790547-1.2.1.1-KxfNjP6M7NmzMaf0P5KC7NDuuoCdGcRU6tQZCTRjkbs.TwzlkWyhKfNAxFWuJstfBgyl5CUHJDsiFHx9EvvByessTlObNWoaMBAMz.l6l_tQh3Yk8RWIEWcp3n3_OnDuGccncWpRIyvsUZCr8dogqQEnfGsaDmNvIKWTtfLhKnY6KnUmkRZncgYP7bEWCuCKn_3cJhB15OrDW9vrZcNl_lLoidUmmPSKcARLQEtEeCFaLDOD4Rn6b_zI7M1wkKlro0w7_LKEJff4CztRAi1JAz0LuOzAGWq9Uu_zshax7aOxYlRC7yfSFptDnjU4_NdUSBk4TPwNorP4TkzMVb_CntXc0f7PNTX6u7Xq2k3MHv.Zo8iBW1yO8.GNx0cybbVyl6WLG4SE0gj.MF2zIAAfl4toy7pgR5V241bpaKQFUyV8JDhfOUCA6IDcT00Ja9ZL6SjRWPZwJZYq19477M.oEDvJUiT8GfOQXK3BVXfYWR.ik.PmaSIhEjXD7SCa5r4fdvQjNYBztyaptyiYTUdhgdJot1m28pwl1KnGYYbFN2sv5mth0.3nqkZCl1NvV4oT7iJFdy0vdlVVzQLoylYpswKE7qO0RWNUth1nNFumcLJ2ysJz3KiEZU9ACOy7146pSexkPbUUaUxzYUqtjnjApoR4MC_jjHD65updvZnew.6MI8VAFRkV2GGYL6zBgXlIs9pSJDzWVZFMNV2iLxNYzxN3hJ4kh40th6aGqWnODI8NlIvcR.oC1VyiaYkiRLsEJL8T2Nw8fZG4d004PelpOCPUuTTIKOtNDLghu2Omnub66Ek_Q1F__9IFa1siF_Uzhf1hyocHwkj5ZyLt7KUvfh_mPxzXUb2IJ6WET.hIhEiA9JOwkgrvI_IdZ4C4MxXmrLAj2v45WDT5pua3PsiKv6.Ueq_DdEYHa2hE_iigNZGZHjesoGH00zj_P27wRFxrZXsYPLZ3UKLcAC2RA7FsIkQ.HzEQk6dKDCaNG8l2TNw5xHmaZ7xm0ILB4U9JVmNGrMZVzLDhcp024_k3eyEzGM5tPVNEh6zXkgdsyrL4EusQYD9mNNTchxz8l.TdDdSKoGzGHcWeNH0kgm3uxcsVNOZpYAD0RfJ.uZfOX70MO1A_ezUl.NIb6oPkThLTQlE5SBi1WiY_zXviW4Z0iCR6jgYoQMKaxvKf3ed69r46ATx6YnFmeVtUZPmiihGvimwFcDipGI4SgVelvDrbnH04PiSiDXKBmimrtVZe1gZuRQPkXVxXz7yngJzvVPIleLSiNqiLpLp4LjInfYSLFTA8BbOkB8Hh9q6Dc3WJHkSLTWJ62o38nUp0qTCXeq3klybYOO1C_lcue_wmhF.hs2TZAqTxH7TwzHYUIj.3JjB87VqWH0xMgvM1FOHcupK11neVQSxtRmN4aF6K2_fD0LbfvCUZ_fjRyMTJHmiNZE4Z9Y5pRuRambHLqxrCkF3Y1wnKOZg8Vp1oD_ZVB.8oCyfo9YjaEy9Jw1f_Ws6zmV6DPxHnhXbGGbJM8NEYEVg3WX1ZFgxPwyGfcfvURCu33nXpSYnJSxtJiI28GeBn57vg9DgkhpGotDPNjTiORv9xe_tptYO.wPtL66BGGpajfZjNtQXxbd60N1arFSYNkLYMnzo8YlC1d7KpcSwJBby2LkC5cvm7wxS1VieICTqTO4t3MM2QxZWo.nykX31xeCLktPHNjmjIhVdRWlWu6BjTF.VXWi4bJRPtEEyyEGVKkTKrgfiZ3HNwrfR0XqJEQlyNWf6KDRs88ziw6fem1gLEspIKk3hwP32urs1mbtA2NIKyWtRhmLzmhVoKw76rdI7B9qioHHBn3AFUyyJypC82.K.XisLJvx2UkQWLBHlLWqYn_pivy1jA.1U180TMOpigTUf296S8hAvSR3paJLTVzxH2wN2y2M2m7lAtf7iWwhKqAf2SJDx227OxIfUgYLtXjqY",mdrd: "xk3xCnCX8Lco3zv2aRl1EajoSFRtgosRDn46z4pFpTE-1739790547-1.2.1.1-nP81z_dzPvIlCIuz_XhNcMjrrsY.JFWydTNPlFPlugHX9sldx09yp3lTRJx3bpdmdRu2B_m8wkxjF9eL1IPQkJmKCILB8gGpjfpq1Rz6Et5l8glTIGeL6dyIiP3OiXtRzfZ_HpfpWOpLhNZlRkuiP4g.56p54R2QY2hNNVGX8iDzhNSUXUvvQZXKQ24rlPyHGSCTBG6y2l943E71s0sEirOCaKtGtBC0bJKHOtlw0mbHU4oWQitcGyJMmPZDXMGe_2rcVX9ywWhLWkgodVasIVzGM6e7kjDTIvPchcMgWqtdyc2zxIbxPDuffOqsD_So1hvkt2KqEqubZajF6zhNORxBy4DGaA1oRlGTZ1yFWHQ_hWeJRV3UGvgU.r8S3R.JcKvZQio7ZQD.JwMbUU_LljJ6L9X8815UYfP_IzMW0.YXlHSysL2aLMxZbxthHsdYg.c8VmtTMoeuPjAQz73e8YOTo8OiFIFCPI.VQ9owz7Oi3B2TCjnAeyzsLAd3RlHkCQjk_4Dna9OUqF11q6BAZUnXCRxPS3s8SEpia8T97JdJAXN6RsT7AqbAN8FI_wQQBS1F9onpcQ5XnH0CGJW8GpY5aqYACN9y.._cLGKqzxxb6NJcdse5IFtMM7_M4ewWmkoMMgK8CCfsVmg5oJSYCJIEaEVnfsg64MQBWNXdMvQgfmJK0_SttyUFjzQHoPYnD.8xfXNt.6cIU4YOrcxyHNEtNf01aEwpItkfI.KtHCi8pwDxuNQ1cp3WzTjcrRsIfUi9vlhvjohoHlXWye3CoEZVBB1VcuC0ikfv8Xdfg4LaCiMYuZcjX3paJbXm.ChZVRBkQXH5JaJAgs3Vxxyv7nZ_MRY5S6swbicig98Ls.GIOI.u2jwx4t0Kec2fYwXBY9oaKkWXYY6kinyxC2vqxcVftkdNx1oCRwaR.Bj_zT4p54xJ6arcKQbGHRyNXzkZSu5FBKXoZeB5aGxt7mo4hSGdUnxs.nt8V8V7FOJ9lYdCSkenYU39jTOz7l5PCO2ow5RIV8CJz_jew3WRjPy3LvRTe8Vnrt0VV7_CqhDHNdr_qmfnlemm1DVX3dgwKI_lncravvjrSHkll0V2uorYh9F2Eu9MONFhhfxUTefLgGD3Yq.IiZI1rS_0pPAsjXwLEzP0egQ3pDObvAaTpIXM1pJhxvpLrYvtF._hH_3LRVih3JH9pCwL48BL3n5LzhTFfOXudqi5C4igIOo_ZhLO9MaOCy_TtLUIVef14T85qDUxDyzvCzugGMhWFEjs6vAfziLslmjNaPru_qJOWm5qX0kC0FzuvLAR1iNH4PPpUVSqYDdKHTQkIU6J8PrceBI61ZgMz_VLViugvweCV2C0WfkrWuh85mIBo7kzPUf.QPwJvXL1rSCT3x7sHnj_zsYZu2lhSB.4.cPYB05YjEmzDTcHfkXLVHVUhtR7GdAEslOM1apG37MFVswUuypvxUKzt8z7x9o9yt80UdgMkRAQ0xPXuf4X33YGzbYwX5Q35ojjwF7s9SCksmXYKtUEZopbxLYDRVn3nDJdI9aAM_VPkPOuRqO1gIb1LYMR2mGD_bDret8wngfnS3WXcz0uCPAcb27WssPt4NY.SwcYDOwWFxNChtezD.UvnshV.dDmY9RfwAGiqhN_axX7AgzkBWvwEUQaQ0vqb1qTeREOlGjOtG0WuL2ZiFjiEowuugnd1NzJohQneDmaBgZwg4u0EtKilrykLv3oEycBbdFQG_or.T7VkmC2cZPdZNMqKOw1KXKOKHuoPT2iwcPHR8M9R39vr6gy8hz8ApMg5wsM6EKB_m1ycd5_wxdwFTX1vfCy4y08P5neeCkPfWlC5vLXRMPJbceqa1guNQaL4fYZMEq2W6w4b6JFyVBnv_xuBydgmElQ2PsdjLFBtZ.rZJAwLmmvQzOdeWR3O0p20h0Lr30HdRY0qnUKJe5ulcLKSdM_8IN9wFC.ME8CKm_bfYw.Jx_n"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913552cabfd93f4b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=cracked%20rotor&__cf_chl_rt_tk=2zorf_KXSWNKNzDRreflXPTb70SNhOW_2QejCpXtbLY-1739790547-1.0.1.1-06wKymu3wYBjEr2n409Q3I3Sj3mPAz6Yq9FMWfQxejM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>