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cost analysis</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: life cycle cost analysis"> <meta name="keywords" content="life cycle cost analysis"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="life cycle cost analysis"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 37263</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: life cycle cost analysis</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37263</span> Reliability-Based Life-Cycle Cost Model for Engineering Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Lotfalian">Reza Lotfalian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudarshan%20Martins"> Sudarshan Martins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Radziszewski"> Peter Radziszewski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of reliability on life-cycle cost, including initial and maintenance cost of a system is studied. The failure probability of a component is used to calculate the average maintenance cost during the operation cycle of the component. The standard deviation of the life-cycle cost is also calculated as an error measure for the average life-cycle cost. As a numerical example, the model is used to study the average life cycle cost of an electric motor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20cost" title="initial cost">initial cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life-cycle%20cost" title=" life-cycle cost"> life-cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20cost" title=" maintenance cost"> maintenance cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11947/reliability-based-life-cycle-cost-model-for-engineering-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">604</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37262</span> Clarification of the Essential of Life Cycle Cost upon Decision-Making Process: An Empirical Study in Building Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayedh%20Alqahtani">Ayedh Alqahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Whyte"> Andrew Whyte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is one of the goals and key pillars of the construction management science because it comprises many of the functions and processes necessary, which assist organisations and agencies to achieve their goals. It has therefore become important to design and control assets during their whole life cycle, from the design and planning phase through to disposal phase. LCCA is aimed to improve the decision making system in the ownership of assets by taking into account all the cost elements including to the asset throughout its life. Current application of LCC approach is impractical during misunderstanding of the advantages of LCC. This main objective of this research is to show a different relationship between capital cost and long-term running costs. One hundred and thirty eight actual building projects in United Kingdom (UK) were used in order to achieve and measure the above-mentioned objective of the study. The result shown that LCC is one of the most significant tools should be considered on the decision making process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20projects" title="building projects">building projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20cost" title=" capital cost"> capital cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20costs" title=" maintenance costs"> maintenance costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20costs" title=" operation costs"> operation costs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17485/clarification-of-the-essential-of-life-cycle-cost-upon-decision-making-process-an-empirical-study-in-building-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">546</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37261</span> Cost Effectiveness and Performance Study of Perpetual Pavement Using ABAQUS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansour%20Fakhri">Mansour Fakhri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monire%20Zokaei"> Monire Zokaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Where there are many demolitions on conventional asphalt pavements, heavy costs are paid to repair and reconstruct the pavement roads annually. Recently some research has been done in order to increase the pavement life. Perpetual pavement is regarded as one of them which can improve the pavement life and minimize the maintenance activity and cost. In this research, ABAQUS which is a finite element software is implemented for analyzing and simulation of perpetual pavement. Viscoelastic model of material is used and loading wheel is considered to be dynamic. Effect of different parameters on pavement function has been considered. Because of high primary cost these pavements are not widely used. In this regard, life cost analysis was also carried out to compare perpetual pavement to conventional asphalt concrete pavement. It was concluded that although the initial cost of perpetual pavement is higher than that of conventional asphalt pavement, life cycle cost analysis during 50 years of service life showed that the performance of this pavement is better and the whole life cost of that is less. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABAQUS" title="ABAQUS">ABAQUS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifecycle%20cost%20analysis" title=" lifecycle cost analysis"> lifecycle cost analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanistic%20empirical" title=" mechanistic empirical"> mechanistic empirical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perpetual%20pavement" title=" perpetual pavement"> perpetual pavement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33524/cost-effectiveness-and-performance-study-of-perpetual-pavement-using-abaqus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37260</span> Analysis of the Result for the Accelerated Life Cycle Test of the Motor for Washing Machine by Using Acceleration Factor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Sung%20Kim">Youn-Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Ho%20Jo"> Jin-Ho Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi-Sung%20Kim"> Mi-Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Kun%20Lee"> Jae-Kun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accelerated life cycle test is applied to various products or components in order to reduce the time of life cycle test in industry. It must be considered for many test conditions according to the product characteristics for the test and the selection of acceleration parameter is especially very important. We have carried out the general life cycle test and the accelerated life cycle test by applying the acceleration factor (AF) considering the characteristics of brushless DC (BLDC) motor for washing machine. The final purpose of this study is to verify the validity by analyzing the results of the general life cycle test and the accelerated life cycle test. It will make it possible to reduce the life test time through the reasonable accelerated life cycle test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20life%20cycle%20test" title="accelerated life cycle test">accelerated life cycle test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20test" title=" reliability test"> reliability test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20for%20washing%20machine" title=" motor for washing machine"> motor for washing machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brushless%20dc%20motor%20test" title=" brushless dc motor test"> brushless dc motor test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68978/analysis-of-the-result-for-the-accelerated-life-cycle-test-of-the-motor-for-washing-machine-by-using-acceleration-factor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68978.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">611</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37259</span> Life Cycle Cost Evaluation of Structures with Hysteretic Dampers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinkoo%20Kim">Jinkoo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyungoo%20Kang"> Hyungoo Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyungjun%20Shin"> Hyungjun Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a hybrid energy dissipation device is developed by combining a steel slit plate and friction pads to be used for seismic retrofit of structures, and its effectiveness is investigated by comparing the life cycle costs of the structure before and after the retrofit. The seismic energy dissipation capability of the dampers is confirmed by cyclic loading tests. The probabilities of reaching various damage states are obtained by fragility analysis, and the life cycle costs of the model structures are computed using the PACT (Performance Assessment Calculation Tool) program based on FEMA P-58 methodology. The fragility analysis shows that the probabilities of reaching limit states are minimized by the seismic retrofit with hybrid dampers and increasing column size. The seismic retrofit with increasing column size and hybrid dampers results in the lowest repair cost and shortest repair time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slit%20dampers" title="slit dampers">slit dampers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20dampers" title=" friction dampers"> friction dampers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20retrofit" title=" seismic retrofit"> seismic retrofit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEMA%20P-58" title=" FEMA P-58"> FEMA P-58</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PACT" title=" PACT"> PACT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44647/life-cycle-cost-evaluation-of-structures-with-hysteretic-dampers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37258</span> A Study on the Accelerated Life Cycle Test Method of the Motor for Home Appliances by Using Acceleration Factor </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Sung%20Kim">Youn-Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi-Sung%20Kim"> Mi-Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Kun%20Lee"> Jae-Kun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the accelerated life cycle test method of the motor for home appliances that demand high reliability. Life Cycle of parts in home appliances also should be 10 years because life cycle of the home appliances such as washing machine, refrigerator, TV is at least 10 years. In case of washing machine, the life cycle test method of motor is advanced for 3000 cycle test (1cycle = 2hours). However, 3000 cycle test incurs loss for the time and cost. Objectives of this study are to reduce the life cycle test time and the number of test samples, which could be realized by using acceleration factor for the test time and reduction factor for the number of sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20life%20cycle%20test" title="accelerated life cycle test">accelerated life cycle test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20reliability%20test" title=" motor reliability test"> motor reliability test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20for%20washing%20machine" title=" motor for washing machine"> motor for washing machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLDC%20motor" title=" BLDC motor"> BLDC motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46400/a-study-on-the-accelerated-life-cycle-test-method-of-the-motor-for-home-appliances-by-using-acceleration-factor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">634</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37257</span> Affordable and Sustainable Housing Construction: Case Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20Rizk">Tony Rizk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent material advances and cost efficiencies are transforming the housing industry away from traditional lumber and gypsum material to alternate fiberboard material that is workable and resistant to fire, mold, and pest infestation. The use of these materials may add to the initial cost of construction. However, the life cycle (cradle to grave) cost of houses using these construction materials and methods are lower than the life cycle costs using traditional housing construction materials and methods. This paper will present four (4) case studies of sustainable house projects. Each project was designed and constructed using earthen-based, sustainable fiberboard material that is resistant to fire, mold, and infestation and fabricated at a very low material calorific value. These house projects have a living space ranging from 625 sq. ft. for an accessory dwelling unit and up to 3,200 sq. ft. 1-story and 2-story homes. For each case study, we will present the house engineering design and construction method, the initial construction costs, a summary of the life cycle costs, and a comparison to the life cycle cost of traditional housing available in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20housing" title="residential housing">residential housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20housing" title=" sustainable housing"> sustainable housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title=" fire resistance"> fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mold" title=" mold"> mold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infestation%20resistance" title=" infestation resistance"> infestation resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151099/affordable-and-sustainable-housing-construction-case-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37256</span> Development of an Integrated Framework for Life-Cycle Economic, Environmental and Human Health Impact Assessment for Reclaimed Water Use in Water Systems of Various Scales</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Yao%20Wang">Yu-Yao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao-Meng%20Hu"> Xiao-Meng Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Yeung"> Joanne Yeung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao-Yan%20Li"> Xiao-Yan Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The high private cost and unquantified external cost limit the development of reclaimed water. In this study, an integrated framework comprising life cycle assessment (LCA), quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), and life cycle costing (LCC) was developed to evaluate both costs of reclaimed water supply in water systems of various scales. LCA assesses the environmental impacts, and QMRA estimates the associated pathogenic impacts. These impacts are monetized as external costs and analyzed with the private cost by LCC to count the total life cycle cost. The framework evaluated the Hong Kong urban water system in the baseline scenario (BS) and five wastewater reuse scenarios (RS). They are RSI: substituting freshwater for toilet flushing only, RSII: substituting both freshwater and seawater for toilet flushing, RSIII: using reclaimed water for all non-potable uses, RSIV: using reclaimed water for all non-potable uses and indirect potable uses, and RSV: non-potable use and indirect potable use by conveying 100% reclaimed water to recharge the reservoirs. The results show that substituting freshwater and seawater for toilet flushing has the least total life cycle cost, exhibiting that it is the most cost-effective option for Hong Kong. Meanwhile, the evaluation results show that the external cost of each scenario is comparable to the corresponding private cost, indicating the importance of the inclusion of comprehensive external cost evaluation in private cost assessment of water systems with reclaimed water supply. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title="life cycle assessment">life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20costing" title=" life cycle costing"> life cycle costing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20microbial%20risk%20assessment" title=" quantitative microbial risk assessment"> quantitative microbial risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20reclamation" title=" water reclamation"> water reclamation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reclaimed%20water" title=" reclaimed water"> reclaimed water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20water%20resources" title=" alternative water resources"> alternative water resources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158569/development-of-an-integrated-framework-for-life-cycle-economic-environmental-and-human-health-impact-assessment-for-reclaimed-water-use-in-water-systems-of-various-scales" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37255</span> An Assessment of Financial Viability and Sustainability of Hydroponics Using Reclaimed Water Using LCA and LCC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abdullah">Muhammad Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Atiq%20Ur%20Rehman%20Tariq"> Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faraz%20Ul%20Haq"> Faraz Ul Haq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In developed countries, sustainability measures are widely accepted and acknowledged as crucial for addressing environmental concerns. Hydroponics, a soilless cultivation technique, has emerged as a potentially sustainable solution as it can reduce water consumption, land use, and environmental impacts. However, hydroponics may not be economically viable, especially when using reclaimed water, which may entail additional costs and risks. This study aims to address the critical question of whether hydroponics using reclaimed water can achieve a balance between sustainability and financial viability. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) will be integrated to assess the potential of hydroponics whether it is environmentally sustainable and economically viable. Life cycle assessment, or LCA, is a methodology for assessing environmental impacts associated with all the stages of the life cycle of a commercial product, process, or service. While Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is an approach that assesses the total cost of an asset over its life cycle, including initial capital costs and maintenance costs. The expected benefits of this study include supporting evidence-based decision-making for policymakers, farmers, and stakeholders involved in agriculture. By quantifying environmental impacts and economic costs, this research will facilitate informed choices regarding the adoption of hydroponics with reclaimed water. It is believed that the outcomes of this research work will help to achieve a sustainable approach to agricultural production, aligning with sustainability goals while considering economic factors by adopting hydroponic technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroponic" title="hydroponic">hydroponic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168520/an-assessment-of-financial-viability-and-sustainability-of-hydroponics-using-reclaimed-water-using-lca-and-lcc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37254</span> Life Cycle Cost Evaluation of Structures Retrofitted with Damped Cable System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asad%20Naeem">Asad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Nour%20Eldin"> Mohamed Nour Eldin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinkoo%20Kim"> Jinkoo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the seismic performance and life cycle cost (LCC) are evaluated of the structure retrofitted with the damped cable system (DCS). The DCS is a seismic retrofit system composed of a high-strength steel cable and pressurized viscous dampers. The analysis model of the system is first derived using various link elements in SAP2000, and fragility curves of the structure retrofitted with the DCS and viscous dampers are obtained using incremental dynamic analyses. The analysis results show that the residual displacements of the structure equipped with the DCS are smaller than those of the structure with retrofitted with only conventional viscous dampers, due to the enhanced stiffness/strength and self-centering capability of the damped cable system. The fragility analysis shows that the structure retrofitted with the DCS has the least probability of reaching the specific limit states compared to the bare structure and the structure with viscous damper. It is also observed that the initial cost of the DCS method required for the seismic retrofit is smaller than that of the structure with viscous dampers and that the LCC of the structure equipped with the DCS is smaller than that of the structure with viscous dampers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damped%20cable%20system" title="damped cable system">damped cable system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fragility%20curve" title=" fragility curve"> fragility curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20retrofit" title=" seismic retrofit"> seismic retrofit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-centering" title=" self-centering"> self-centering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77662/life-cycle-cost-evaluation-of-structures-retrofitted-with-damped-cable-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">550</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37253</span> Total Life Cycle Cost and Life Cycle Assessment of Mass Timber Buildings in the US</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongmei%20Gu">Hongmei Gu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaobo%20Liang"> Shaobo Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Bergman"> Richard Bergman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With current worldwide trend in designs to have net-zero emission buildings to mitigate climate change, widespread use of mass timber products, such as Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), or Nail Laminated Timber (NLT) or Dowel Laminated Timber (DLT) in buildings have been proposed as one approach in reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Consequentially, mass timber building designs are being adopted more and more by architectures in North America, especially for mid- to high-rise buildings where concrete and steel buildings are currently prevalent, but traditional light-frame wood buildings are not. Wood buildings and their associated wood products have tended to have lower environmental impacts than competing energy-intensive materials. It is common practice to conduct life cycle assessments (LCAs) and life cycle cost analyses on buildings with traditional structural materials like concrete and steel in the building design process. Mass timber buildings with lower environmental impacts, especially GHG emissions, can contribute to the Net Zero-emission goal for the world-building sector. However, the economic impacts from CLT mass timber buildings still vary from the life-cycle cost perspective and environmental trade-offs associated with GHG emissions. This paper quantified the Total Life Cycle Cost and cradle-to-grave GHG emissions of a pre-designed CLT mass timber building and compared it to a functionally-equivalent concrete building. The Total life cycle Eco-cost-efficiency is defined in this study and calculated to discuss the trade-offs for the net-zero emission buildings in a holistic view for both environmental and economic impacts. Mass timber used in buildings for the United States is targeted to the materials from the nation’s sustainable managed forest in order to benefit both national and global environments and economies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG" title="GHG">GHG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20impact" title=" economic impact"> economic impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-cost-efficiency" title=" eco-cost-efficiency"> eco-cost-efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20life-cycle%20costs" title=" total life-cycle costs"> total life-cycle costs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110406/total-life-cycle-cost-and-life-cycle-assessment-of-mass-timber-buildings-in-the-us" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37252</span> Energy-Led Sustainability Assessment Approach for Energy-Efficient Manufacturing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aldona%20Kluczek">Aldona Kluczek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, manufacturing processes have interacted with sustainability issues realized in the cost-effective ways that minimalize energy, decrease negative impacts on the environment and are safe for society. However, the attention has been on separate sustainability assessment methods considering energy and material flow, energy consumption, and emission release or process control. In this paper, the energy-led sustainability assessment approach combining the methods: energy Life Cycle Assessment to assess environmental impact, Life Cycle Cost to analyze costs, and Social Life Cycle Assessment through ‘energy LCA-based value stream map’, is used to assess the energy sustainability of the hardwood lumber manufacturing process in terms of technologies. The approach integrating environmental, economic and social issues can be visualized in the considered energy-efficient technologies on the map of an energy LCA-related (input and output) inventory data. It will enable the identification of efficient technology of a given process to be reached, through the effective analysis of energy flow. It is also indicated that interventions in the considered technology should focus on environmental, economic improvements to achieve energy sustainability. The results have indicated that the most intense energy losses are caused by a cogeneration technology. The environmental impact analysis shows that a substantial reduction by 34% can be achieved with the improvement of it. From the LCC point of view, the result seems to be cost-effective, when done at that plant where the improvement is used. By demonstrating the social dimension, every component of the energy of plant labor use in the life-cycle process of the lumber production has positive energy benefits. The energy required to install the energy-efficient technology amounts to 30.32 kJ compared to others components of the energy of plant labor and it has the highest value in terms of energy-related social indicators. The paper depicts an example of hardwood lumber production in order to prove the applicability of a sustainability assessment method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title="energy efficiency">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" energy life cycle assessment"> energy life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20life%20cycle%20analysis" title=" social life cycle analysis"> social life cycle analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20process" title=" manufacturing process"> manufacturing process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20assessment" title=" sustainability assessment"> sustainability assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89736/energy-led-sustainability-assessment-approach-for-energy-efficient-manufacturing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37251</span> Optimal Load Factors for Seismic Design of Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Boj%C3%B3rquez">Juan Bojórquez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20E.%20Ruiz"> Sonia E. Ruiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ed%C3%A9n%20Boj%C3%B3rquez"> Edén Bojórquez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20de%20Le%C3%B3n%20Escobedo"> David de León Escobedo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A life-cycle optimization procedure to establish the best load factors combinations for seismic design of buildings, is proposed. The expected cost of damage from future earthquakes within the life of the structure is estimated, and realistic cost functions are assumed. The functions include: Repair cost, cost of contents damage, cost associated with loss of life, cost of injuries and economic loss. The loads considered are dead, live and earthquake load. The study is performed for reinforced concrete buildings located in Mexico City. The buildings are modeled as multiple-degree-of-freedom frame structures. The parameter selected to measure the structural damage is the maximum inter-story drift. The structural models are subjected to 31 soft-soil ground motions recorded in the Lake Zone of Mexico City. In order to obtain the annual structural failure rates, a numerical integration method is applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20factors" title="load factors">load factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life-cycle%20analysis" title=" life-cycle analysis"> life-cycle analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20design" title=" seismic design"> seismic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20buildings" title=" reinforced concrete buildings"> reinforced concrete buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22167/optimal-load-factors-for-seismic-design-of-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">617</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37250</span> Developing Medium Term Maintenance Plan For Road Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20S.%20Ghali">Helen S. Ghali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haidy%20S.%20Ghali"> Haidy S. Ghali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Ibrahim"> Salma Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ossama%20Hosny"> Ossama Hosny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20S.%20Elbehairy"> Hatem S. Elbehairy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infrastructure systems are essential assets in any community; accordingly, authorities aim to maximize its life span while minimizing the life cycle cost. This requires studying the asset conditions throughout its operation and forming a cost-efficient maintenance strategy plan. The objective of this study is to develop a highway management system that provides medium-term maintenance plans with the minimum life cycle cost subject to budget constraints. The model is applied to data collected for the highway network in India with the aim to output a 5-year maintenance plan strategy from 2019 till 2023. The main element considered is the surface coarse, either rigid or flexible pavement. The model outputs a 5-year maintenance plan for each segment given the budget constraint while maximizing the new pavement condition rating and minimizing its life cycle cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title="infrastructure">infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asset%20management" title=" asset management"> asset management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20plan" title=" maintenance plan"> maintenance plan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135846/developing-medium-term-maintenance-plan-for-road-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37249</span> Development of Pre-Mitigation Measures and Its Impact on Life-Cycle Cost of Facilities: Indian Scenario</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahima%20Shrivastava">Mahima Shrivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumya%20Kar"> Soumya Kar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Swetha%20Malika"> B. Swetha Malika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalu%20Saheb"> Lalu Saheb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Muthu%20Kumar"> M. Muthu Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20V.%20Ponambala%20Moorthi"> P. V. Ponambala Moorthi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural hazards and manmade destruction causes both economic and societal losses. Generalized pre-mitigation strategies introduced and adopted for prevention of disaster all over the world are capable of augmenting the resiliency and optimizing the life-cycle cost of facilities. In countries like India where varied topographical feature exists requires location specific mitigation measures and strategies to be followed for better enhancement by event-driven and code-driven approaches. Present state of vindication measures followed and adopted, lags dominance in accomplishing the required development. In addition, serious concern and debate over climate change plays a vital role in enhancing the need and requirement for the development of time bound adaptive mitigation measures. For the development of long-term sustainable policies incorporation of future climatic variation is inevitable. This will further assist in assessing the impact brought about by the climate change on life-cycle cost of facilities. This paper develops more definite region specific and time bound pre-mitigation measures, by reviewing the present state of mitigation measures in India and all over the world for improving life-cycle cost of facilities. For the development of region specific adoptive measures, Indian regions were divided based on multiple-calamity prone regions and geo-referencing tools were used to incorporate the effect of climate changes on life-cycle cost assessment. This study puts forward significant effort in establishing sustainable policies and helps decision makers in planning for pre-mitigation measures for different regions. It will further contribute towards evaluating the life cycle cost of facilities by adopting the developed measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geo-referencing%20tools" title=" geo-referencing tools"> geo-referencing tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life-cycle%20cost" title=" life-cycle cost"> life-cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-calamity%20prone%20regions" title=" multiple-calamity prone regions"> multiple-calamity prone regions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-mitigation%20strategies" title=" pre-mitigation strategies"> pre-mitigation strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20policies" title=" sustainable policies"> sustainable policies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43031/development-of-pre-mitigation-measures-and-its-impact-on-life-cycle-cost-of-facilities-indian-scenario" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37248</span> Life Cycle Assessment of Residential Buildings: A Case Study in Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkatesh%20Kumar">Venkatesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasun%20Hewage"> Kasun Hewage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehan%20Sadiq"> Rehan Sadiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Residential buildings consume significant amounts of energy and produce a large amount of emissions and waste. However, there is a substantial potential for energy savings in this sector which needs to be evaluated over the life cycle of residential buildings. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology has been employed to study the primary energy uses and associated environmental impacts of different phases (i.e., product, construction, use, end of life, and beyond building life) for residential buildings. Four different alternatives of residential buildings in Vancouver (BC, Canada) with a 50-year lifespan have been evaluated, including High Rise Apartment (HRA), Low Rise Apartment (LRA), Single family Attached House (SAH), and Single family Detached House (SDH). Life cycle performance of the buildings is evaluated for embodied energy, embodied environmental impacts, operational energy, operational environmental impacts, total life-cycle energy, and total life cycle environmental impacts. Estimation of operational energy and LCA are performed using DesignBuilder software and Athena Impact estimator software respectively. The study results revealed that over the life span of the buildings, the relationship between the energy use and the environmental impacts are identical. LRA is found to be the best alternative in terms of embodied energy use and embodied environmental impacts; while, HRA showed the best life-cycle performance in terms of minimum energy use and environmental impacts. Sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to study the influence of building service lifespan over 50, 75, and 100 years on the relative significance of embodied energy and total life cycle energy. The life-cycle energy requirements for SDH is found to be a significant component among the four types of residential buildings. The overall disclose that the primary operations of these buildings accounts for 90% of the total life cycle energy which far outweighs minor differences in embodied effects between the buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20simulation" title="building simulation">building simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impacts" title=" environmental impacts"> environmental impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20energy%20analysis" title=" life cycle energy analysis"> life cycle energy analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20buildings" title=" residential buildings"> residential buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35021/life-cycle-assessment-of-residential-buildings-a-case-study-in-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37247</span> A Concept to Assess the Economic Importance of the On-Site Activities of ETICS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Sulakatko">V. Sulakatko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20U.%20Vogdt"> F. U. Vogdt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Lill"> I. Lill</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction technology and on-site construction activities have a direct influence on the life cycle costs of energy efficiently renovated apartment buildings. The systematic inadequacies of the External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) which occur during the construction phase increase the risk for all stakeholders, reduce mechanical durability and increase the life cycle costs of the building. The economic effect of these shortcomings can be minimised if the risk of the most significant on-site activities is recognised. The objective of the presented ETICS economic assessment concept is to evaluate the economic influence of on-site shortcomings and reveal their significance to the foreseeable future repair costs. The model assembles repair techniques, discusses their direct cost calculation methods, argues over the proper usage of net present value over the life cycle of the building, and proposes a simulation tool to evaluate the risk of on-site activities. As the technique is dependent on the selected real interest rate, a sensitivity analysis is anticipated to determine the validity of the recommendations. After the verification of the model on the sample buildings by the industry, it is expected to increase economic rationality of resource allocation and reduce high-risk systematic shortcomings during the construction process of ETICS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activity-based%20cost%20estimating" title="activity-based cost estimating">activity-based cost estimating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20estimation" title=" cost estimation"> cost estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ETICS" title=" ETICS"> ETICS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20costing" title=" life cycle costing"> life cycle costing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59236/a-concept-to-assess-the-economic-importance-of-the-on-site-activities-of-etics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37246</span> Life Cycle Assessment of an Onshore Wind Turbine in Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badriya%20Almutairi">Badriya Almutairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20El-Hamalawi"> Ashraf El-Hamalawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind energy technologies are considered to be among the most promising types of renewable energy sources due to the growing concerns over climate change and energy security. Kuwait is amongst the countries that began realising the consequences of climate change and the long-term economic and energy security situation, considering options when oil runs out. Added to this are the fluctuating oil prices, rapid increase in population, high electricity consumption and protection of the environment It began to make efforts in the direction of greener solutions for energy needs by looking for alternative forms of energy and assessing potential renewable energy resources, including wind and solar. The aim of this paper is to examine wind energy as an alternative renewable energy source in Kuwait, due to its availability and low cost, reducing the dependency on fossil fuels compared to other forms of renewable energy. This paper will present a life cycle assessment of onshore wind turbine systems in Kuwait, comprising 4 stages; goal and scope of the analysis, inventory analysis, impact assessment and interpretation of the results. It will also provide an assessment of potential renewable energy resources and technologies applied for power generation and the environmental benefits for Kuwait. An optimum location for a site (Shagaya) will be recommended for reasons such as high wind speeds, land availability and distance to the next grid connection, and be the focus of this study. The potential environmental impacts and resources used throughout the wind turbine system’s life-cycle are then analysed using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The results show the total carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission for a turbine with steel pile foundations is greater than emissions from a turbine with concrete foundations by 18 %. The analysis also shows the average CO₂ emissions from electricity generated using crude oil is 645gCO₂/kWh and the carbon footprint per functional unit for a wind turbine ranges between 6.6 g/kWh to 10 g/kWh, an increase of 98%, thus providing cost and environmental benefits by creating a wind farm in Kuwait. Using a cost-benefit analysis, it was also found that the electricity produced from wind energy in Kuwait would cost 17.6fils/kWh (0.05834 $/kWh), which is less than the cost of electricity currently being produced using conventional methods at 22 fils/kW (0.07$/kWh), i.e., a reduction of 20%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20emissions" title="CO₂ emissions">CO₂ emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuwait" title=" Kuwait"> Kuwait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy" title=" wind energy"> wind energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81096/life-cycle-assessment-of-an-onshore-wind-turbine-in-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37245</span> A User-Friendly Approach for Design and Economic Analysis of Standalone PV System for the Electrification of Rural Area of Eritrea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tedros%20Asefaw%20Gebremeskel">Tedros Asefaw Gebremeskel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xaoyi%20Yang"> Xaoyi Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The potential of solar energy in Eritrea is relatively high, based on this truth, there are a number of isolated and remote villages situated far away from the electrical national grid which don’t get access to electricity. The core objective of this work is to design a most favorable and cost-effective power by means of standalone PV system for the electrification of a single housing in the inaccessible area of Eritrea. The sizing of the recommended PV system is achieved, such as radiation data and electrical load for the typical household of the selected site is also well thought-out in the design steps. Finally, the life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is conducted to evaluate the economic viability of the system. The outcome of the study promote the use of PV system for a residential building and show that PV system is a reasonable option to provide electricity for household applications in the rural area of Eritrea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrification" title="electrification">electrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inaccessible%20area" title=" inaccessible area"> inaccessible area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20building" title=" residential building"> residential building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stand-alone%20PV%20system" title=" stand-alone PV system"> stand-alone PV system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110981/a-user-friendly-approach-for-design-and-economic-analysis-of-standalone-pv-system-for-the-electrification-of-rural-area-of-eritrea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37244</span> Optimal Mitigation of Slopes by Probabilistic Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20De-Le%C3%B3n-Escobedo">D. De-León-Escobedo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20J.%20Delgado-Hern%C3%A1ndez"> D. J. Delgado-Hernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P%C3%A9rez"> S. Pérez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A probabilistic formulation to assess the slopes safety under the hazard of strong storms is presented and illustrated through a slope in Mexico. The formulation is based on the classical safety factor (SF) used in practice to appraise the slope stability, but it is introduced the treatment of uncertainties, and the slope failure probability is calculated as the probability that SF<1. As the main hazard is the rainfall on the area, statistics of rainfall intensity and duration are considered and modeled with an exponential distribution. The expected life-cycle cost is assessed by considering a monetary value on the slope failure consequences. Alternative mitigation measures are simulated, and the formulation is used to get the measures driving to the optimal one (minimum life-cycle costs). For the example, the optimal mitigation measure is the reduction on the slope inclination angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expected%20life-cycle%20cost" title="expected life-cycle cost">expected life-cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20probability" title=" failure probability"> failure probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slopes%20failure" title=" slopes failure"> slopes failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storms" title=" storms"> storms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89653/optimal-mitigation-of-slopes-by-probabilistic-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37243</span> Life-Cycle Cost and Life-Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic/Thermal Systems (PV/T) in Swedish Single-Family Houses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arefeh%20Hesaraki">Arefeh Hesaraki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The application of photovoltaic-thermal hybrids (PVT), which delivers both electricity and heat simultaneously from the same system, has become more popular during the past few years. This study addresses techno-economic and environmental impacts assessment of photovoltaic/thermal systems combined with a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) for three single-family houses located in Stockholm, Sweden. Three case studies were: (1) A renovated building built in 1936, (2) A renovated building built in 1973, and (3) A new building built-in 2013. Two simulation programs of SimaPro 9.1 and IDA Indoor Climate and Energy 4.8 (IDA ICE) were applied to analyze environmental impacts and energy usage, respectively. The cost-effectiveness of the system was evaluated using net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and discounted payback time (DPBT) methods. In addition to cost payback time, the studied PVT system was evaluated using the energy payback time (EPBT) method. EPBT presents the time that is needed for the installed system to generate the same amount of energy which was utilized during the whole lifecycle (fabrication, installation, transportation, and end-of-life) of the system itself. Energy calculation by IDA ICE showed that a 5 m² PVT was sufficient to create a balance between the maximum heat production and the domestic hot water consumption during the summer months for all three case studies. The techno-economic analysis revealed that combining a 5 m² PVT with GSHP in the second case study possess the smallest DPBT and the highest NPV and IRR among the three case studies. It means that DPBTs (IRR) were 10.8 years (6%), 12.6 years (4%), and 13.8 years (3%) for the second, first, and the third case study, respectively. Moreover, environmental assessment of embodied energy during cradle- to- grave life cycle of the studied PVT, including fabrication, delivery of energy and raw materials, manufacture process, installation, transportation, operation phase, and end of life, revealed approximately two years of EPBT in all cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life-cycle%20cost" title="life-cycle cost">life-cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life-cycle%20assessment" title=" life-cycle assessment"> life-cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%2Fthermal" title=" photovoltaic/thermal"> photovoltaic/thermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDA%20ICE" title=" IDA ICE"> IDA ICE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net%20present%20value" title=" net present value"> net present value</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132441/life-cycle-cost-and-life-cycle-assessment-of-photovoltaicthermal-systems-pvt-in-swedish-single-family-houses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132441.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37242</span> Impact of Design Choices on the Life Cycle Energy of Modern Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahsa%20Karimpour">Mahsa Karimpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Belusko"> Martin Belusko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ke%20Xing"> Ke Xing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Bruno"> Frank Bruno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditionally the embodied energy of design choices which reduce operational energy were assumed to have a negligible impact on the life cycle energy of buildings. However with new buildings having considerably lower operational energy, the significance of embodied energy increases. A life cycle assessment of a population of house designs was conducted in a mild and mixed climate zone. It was determined not only that embodied energy dominates life cycle energy, but that the impact on embodied of design choices was of equal significance to the impact on operational energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20life%20cycle%20energy" title="building life cycle energy">building life cycle energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20energy" title=" embodied energy"> embodied energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20design%20measures" title=" energy design measures"> energy design measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20energy%20buildings" title=" low energy buildings"> low energy buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28025/impact-of-design-choices-on-the-life-cycle-energy-of-modern-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">771</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37241</span> Seismic Performance Evaluation of Structures with Hybrid Dampers Based on FEMA P-58 Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minsung%20Kim">Minsung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyunkoo%20Kang"> Hyunkoo Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinkoo%20Kim"> Jinkoo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a hybrid energy dissipation device is developed by combining a steel slit plate and friction pads to be used for seismic retrofit of structures, and its effectiveness is investigated by comparing the life cycle costs of the structure before and after the retrofit. The seismic energy dissipation capability of the dampers is confirmed by cyclic loading tests. The probabilities of reaching various damage states are obtained by fragility analysis, and the life cycle costs of the model structures are computed using the PACT (Performance Assessment Calculation Tool) program based on FEMA P-58 methodology. The fragility analysis shows that the probabilities of reaching limit states are minimized by the seismic retrofit with hybrid dampers and increasing column size. The seismic retrofit with increasing column size and hybrid dampers results in the lowest repair cost and shortest repair time. This research was supported by a grant (13AUDP-B066083-01) from Architecture & Urban Development Research Program funded by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korean government. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEMA%20P-58" title="FEMA P-58">FEMA P-58</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20dampers" title=" friction dampers"> friction dampers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20retrofit" title=" seismic retrofit"> seismic retrofit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57188/seismic-performance-evaluation-of-structures-with-hybrid-dampers-based-on-fema-p-58-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37240</span> Life Cycle-Based Analysis of Meat Production: Ecosystem Impacts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Zeyuan%20Ma">Michelle Zeyuan Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hermann%20Heilmeier"> Hermann Heilmeier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, meat production ecosystem impacts initiated many hot discussions and researchers, and it is a difficult implementation to reduce such impacts due to the demand of meat products. It calls for better management and control of ecosystem impacts from every aspects of meat production. This article analyzes the ecosystem impacts of meat production based on meat products life cycle. The analysis shows that considerable ecosystem impacts are caused by different meat production steps: initial establishment phase, animal raising, slaughterhouse processing, meat consumption, and wastes management. Based on this analysis, the impacts are summarized as: leading factor for biodiversity loss; water waste, land use waste and land degradation; greenhouse gases emissions; pollution to air, water, and soil; related major diseases. The article also provides a discussion on a solution-sustainable food system, which could help in reducing ecosystem impacts. The analysis method is based on the life cycle level, it provides a concept of the whole meat industry ecosystem impacts, and the analysis result could be useful to manage or control meat production ecosystem impacts from investor, producer and consumer sides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutrophication" title="eutrophication">eutrophication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20based%20analysis" title=" life cycle based analysis"> life cycle based analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20food" title=" sustainable food"> sustainable food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91199/life-cycle-based-analysis-of-meat-production-ecosystem-impacts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37239</span> New Environmental Culture in Algeria: Eco Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Tireche">S. Tireche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tairi%20abdelaziz"> A. Tairi abdelaziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental damage has increased steadily in recent decades: Depletion of natural resources, destruction of the ozone layer, greenhouse effect, degradation of the quality of life, land use etc. New terms have emerged as: "Prevention rather than cure" or "polluter pays" falls within the principles of common sense, their practical implementation still remains fragmented. Among the avenues to be explored, one of the most promising is certainly one that focuses on product design. Indeed, where better than during the design phase, can reduce the source of future impacts on the environment? What choices or those of design, they influence more on the environmental characteristics of products? The most currently recognized at the international level is the analysis of the life cycle (LCA) and Life Cycle Assessment, subject to International Standardization (ISO 14040-14043). LCA provides scientific and objective assessment of potential impacts of the product or service, considering its entire life cycle. This approach makes it possible to minimize impacts to the source in pollution prevention. It is widely preferable to curative approach, currently majority in the industrial crops, led mostly by a report of pollution. The "product" is to reduce the environmental impacts of a given product, taking into account all or part of its life cycle. Currently, there are emerging tools, known as eco-design. They are intended to establish an environmental profile of the product to improve its environmental performance. They require a quantity sufficient information on the product for each phase of its life cycle: raw material extraction, manufacturing, distribution, usage, end of life (recycling or incineration or deposit) and all stages of transport. The assessment results indicate the sensitive points of the product studied, points on which the developer must act. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco%20design" title="eco design">eco design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20analysis%20%28LCA%29" title=" life cycle analysis (LCA)"> life cycle analysis (LCA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22490/new-environmental-culture-in-algeria-eco-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37238</span> Hybrid Seismic Energy Dissipation Devices Made of Viscoelastic Pad and Steel Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinkoo%20Kim">Jinkoo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minsung%20Kim"> Minsung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study develops a hybrid seismic energy dissipation device composed of a viscoelastic damper and a steel slit damper connected in parallel. A cyclic loading test is conducted on a test specimen to validate the seismic performance of the hybrid damper. Then a moment-framed model structure is designed without seismic load so that it is retrofitted with the hybrid dampers. The model structure is transformed into an equivalent simplified system to find out optimum story-wise damper distribution pattern using genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the hybrid damper is investigated by fragility analysis and the life cycle cost evaluation of the structure with and without the dampers. The analysis results show that the model structure has reduced probability of reaching damage states, especially the complete damage state, after seismic retrofit. The expected damage cost and consequently the life cycle cost of the retrofitted structure turn out to be significantly small compared with those of the original structure. Acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) and Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) through the International Cooperative R & D program (N043100016). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20retrofit" title="seismic retrofit">seismic retrofit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slit%20dampers" title=" slit dampers"> slit dampers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20dampers" title=" friction dampers"> friction dampers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20dampers" title=" hybrid dampers"> hybrid dampers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91332/hybrid-seismic-energy-dissipation-devices-made-of-viscoelastic-pad-and-steel-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37237</span> Reliability-Based Maintenance Management Methodology to Minimise Life Cycle Cost of Water Supply Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Mahmoodian">Mojtaba Mahmoodian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20Phelan"> Joshua Phelan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Shahparvari"> Mehdi Shahparvari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With a large percentage of countries’ total infrastructure expenditure attributed to water network maintenance, it is essential to optimise maintenance strategies to rehabilitate or replace underground pipes before failure occurs. The aim of this paper is to provide water utility managers with a maintenance management approach for underground water pipes, subject to external loading and material corrosion, to give the lowest life cycle cost over a predetermined time period. This reliability-based maintenance management methodology details the optimal years for intervention, the ideal number of maintenance activities to perform before replacement and specifies feasible renewal options and intervention prioritisation to minimise the life cycle cost. The study was then extended to include feasible renewal methods by determining the structural condition index and potential for soil loss, then obtaining the failure impact rating to assist in prioritising pipe replacement. A case study on optimisation of maintenance plans for the Melbourne water pipe network is considered in this paper to evaluate the practicality of the proposed methodology. The results confirm that the suggested methodology can provide water utility managers with a reliable systematic approach to determining optimum maintenance plans for pipe networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20pipe%20networks" title="water pipe networks">water pipe networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20management" title=" maintenance management"> maintenance management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20analysis" title=" reliability analysis"> reliability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20maintenance%20plan" title=" optimum maintenance plan"> optimum maintenance plan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79946/reliability-based-maintenance-management-methodology-to-minimise-life-cycle-cost-of-water-supply-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37236</span> Maintenance Alternatives Related to Costs of Wind Turbines Using Finite State Markov Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boukelkoul%20Lahcen">Boukelkoul Lahcen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cumulative costs for O&M may represent as much as 65%-90% of the turbine's investment cost. Nowadays the cost effectiveness concept becomes a decision-making and technology evaluation metric. The cost of energy metric accounts for the effect replacement cost and unscheduled maintenance cost parameters. One key of the proposed approach is the idea of maintaining the WTs which can be captured via use of a finite state Markov chain. Such a model can be embedded within a probabilistic operation and maintenance simulation reflecting the action to be done. In this paper, an approach of estimating the cost of O&M is presented. The finite state Markov model is used for decision problems with number of determined periods (life cycle) to predict the cost according to various options of maintenance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title="cost">cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20state" title=" finite state"> finite state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markov%20model" title=" Markov model"> Markov model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20and%20maintenance" title=" operation and maintenance"> operation and maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35860/maintenance-alternatives-related-to-costs-of-wind-turbines-using-finite-state-markov-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37235</span> Simultaneous Optimization of Design and Maintenance through a Hybrid Process Using Genetic Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Adjoul">O. Adjoul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Feugier"> A. Feugier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Benfriha"> K. Benfriha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aoussat"> A. Aoussat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In general, issues related to design and maintenance are considered in an independent manner. However, the decisions made in these two sets influence each other. The design for maintenance is considered an opportunity to optimize the life cycle cost of a product, particularly in the nuclear or aeronautical field, where maintenance expenses represent more than 60% of life cycle costs. The design of large-scale systems starts with product architecture, a choice of components in terms of cost, reliability, weight and other attributes, corresponding to the specifications. On the other hand, the design must take into account maintenance by improving, in particular, real-time monitoring of equipment through the integration of new technologies such as connected sensors and intelligent actuators. We noticed that different approaches used in the Design For Maintenance (DFM) methods are limited to the simultaneous characterization of the reliability and maintainability of a multi-component system. This article proposes a method of DFM that assists designers to propose dynamic maintenance for multi-component industrial systems. The term "dynamic" refers to the ability to integrate available monitoring data to adapt the maintenance decision in real time. The goal is to maximize the availability of the system at a given life cycle cost. This paper presents an approach for simultaneous optimization of the design and maintenance of multi-component systems. Here the design is characterized by four decision variables for each component (reliability level, maintainability level, redundancy level, and level of monitoring data). The maintenance is characterized by two decision variables (the dates of the maintenance stops and the maintenance operations to be performed on the system during these stops). The DFM model helps the designers choose technical solutions for the large-scale industrial products. Large-scale refers to the complex multi-component industrial systems and long life-cycle, such as trains, aircraft, etc. The method is based on a two-level hybrid algorithm for simultaneous optimization of design and maintenance, using genetic algorithms. The first level is to select a design solution for a given system that considers the life cycle cost and the reliability. The second level consists of determining a dynamic and optimal maintenance plan to be deployed for a design solution. This level is based on the Maintenance Free Operating Period (MFOP) concept, which takes into account the decision criteria such as, total reliability, maintenance cost and maintenance time. Depending on the life cycle duration, the desired availability, and the desired business model (sales or rental), this tool provides visibility of overall costs and optimal product architecture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=availability" title="availability">availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20for%20maintenance%20%28DFM%29" title=" design for maintenance (DFM)"> design for maintenance (DFM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20maintenance" title=" dynamic maintenance"> dynamic maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost%20%28LCC%29" title=" life cycle cost (LCC)"> life cycle cost (LCC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20free%20operating%20period%20%28MFOP%29" title=" maintenance free operating period (MFOP)"> maintenance free operating period (MFOP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simultaneous%20optimization" title=" simultaneous optimization"> simultaneous optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106194/simultaneous-optimization-of-design-and-maintenance-through-a-hybrid-process-using-genetic-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37234</span> Reverse Supply Chain Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries Considering Economic and Environmental Aspects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aravind%20G.">Aravind G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshinder%20Kaur"> Arshinder Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pushpavanam%20S."> Pushpavanam S.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a strong emphasis on shifting to electric vehicles (EVs) throughout the globe for reducing the impact on global warming following the Paris climate accord. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are predominantly used in EVs, and these can be a significant threat to the environment if not disposed of safely. Lithium is also a valuable resource not widely available. There are several research groups working on developing an efficient recycling process for LIBs. Two routes - pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes have been proposed for recycling LIBs. In this paper, we focus on life cycle assessment (LCA) as a tool to quantify the environmental impact of these recycling processes. We have defined the boundary of the LCA to include only the recycling phase of the end-of-life (EoL) of the battery life cycle. The analysis is done assuming ideal conditions for the hydrometallurgical and a combined hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical process in the inventory analysis. CML-IA method is used for quantifying the impact assessment across eleven indicators. Our results show that cathode, anode, and foil contribute significantly to the impact. The environmental impacts of both hydrometallurgical and combined recycling processes are similar across all the indicators. Further, the results of LCA are used in developing a multi-objective optimization model for the design of lithium-ion battery recycling network. Greenhouse gas emissions and cost are the two parameters minimized for the optimization study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title="life cycle assessment">life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium-ion%20battery%20recycling" title=" lithium-ion battery recycling"> lithium-ion battery recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-objective%20optimization" title=" multi-objective optimization"> multi-objective optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20design" title=" network design"> network design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20supply%20chain" title=" reverse supply chain"> reverse supply chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101642/reverse-supply-chain-analysis-of-lithium-ion-batteries-considering-economic-and-environmental-aspects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost%20analysis&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost%20analysis&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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