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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-sg" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-sg" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-正常發展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#正常發展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>正常发展</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-正常發展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-肌肉萎縮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#肌肉萎縮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>肌肉萎缩</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-肌肉萎縮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-營養不良、肌炎和運動神經元的情形下" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#營養不良、肌炎和運動神經元的情形下"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>营养不良、肌炎和运动神经元的情形下</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-營養不良、肌炎和運動神經元的情形下-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-腺體萎縮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#腺體萎縮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>腺体萎缩</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-腺體萎縮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-陰道萎縮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陰道萎縮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>阴道萎缩</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-陰道萎縮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">萎缩</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。48种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ضمور – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ضمور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofiya" title="Atrofiya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Atrofiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Атрафія – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атрафія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Атрафія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Атрафія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Атрофия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Атрофия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Атрофи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Атрофи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atr%C3%B2fia" title="Atròfia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Atròfia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofie" title="Atrofie – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Atrofie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofi" title="Atrofi – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Atrofi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophie" title="Atrophie – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Atrophie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ατροφία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατροφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophy" title="Atrophy – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Atrophy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofio" title="Atrofio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Atrofio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofia" title="Atrofia – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Atrofia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofia" title="Atrofia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Atrofia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C" title="آتروفی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آتروفی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofia" title="Atrofia – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Atrofia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophie" title="Atrophie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Atrophie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofia" title="Atrofia – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Atrofia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ניוון (ביולוגיה) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניוון (ביולוגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ապաճում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ապաճում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofi" title="Atrofi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Atrofi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofia" title="Atrofia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Atrofia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE" title="萎縮 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="萎縮" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Атрофия – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Атрофия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EC%B6%95" title="위축 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위축" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Атрофия – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Атрофия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofija" title="Atrofija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atrofija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofija" title="Atrofija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Atrofija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="അപുഷ്ടി – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അപുഷ്ടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofi" title="Atrofi – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Atrofi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofie" title="Atrofie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Atrofie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofi" title="Atrofi – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Atrofi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofia" title="Atrofia – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Atrofia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofia" title="Atrofia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Atrofia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofiere" title="Atrofiere – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Atrofiere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Атрофия – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атрофия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Атрофия – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Атрофия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofija" title="Atrofija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Atrofija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofia" title="Atrofia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Atrofia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Атрофија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Атрофија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofi" title="Atrofi – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Atrofi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Атрофия – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Атрофия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9D%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="การฝ่อ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การฝ่อ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofi" title="Atrofi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atrofi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Атрофія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Атрофія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrofiya" title="Atrofiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Atrofiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE" title="萎縮 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="萎縮" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item 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accesskey="p"><span>打印版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Atrophy" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q194520" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" 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.ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/48px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/72px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/96px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此条目<b>需要<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何审核校对">编修</a>，以确保文法、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:避免使用的字词">用词、语气</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">格式</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/标点符号">标点</a>等使用恰当。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2015年2月26日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请按照<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何审核校对">校对指引</a>，帮助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&action=edit">编辑</a>这个条目。（<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:编辑">帮助</a>、<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE" title="Talk:萎缩">讨论</a>）</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lightgrey">萎缩</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mouse_with_spinal_muscular_atrophy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Mouse_with_spinal_muscular_atrophy.jpg/300px-Mouse_with_spinal_muscular_atrophy.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Mouse_with_spinal_muscular_atrophy.jpg/450px-Mouse_with_spinal_muscular_atrophy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Mouse_with_spinal_muscular_atrophy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="371" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">脊髓肌肉萎缩的老鼠(右边)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">类型</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111014" class="extiw" title="d:Q1111014">hypotrophy</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;;;">分类和外部资源</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%B0%88%E7%A7%91" title="医学专科">医学专科</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/Pathology" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathology">Pathology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E8%AF%8D" title="医学主题词">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2024/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D001284">D001284</a></td></tr><tr class="noprint"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: right; font-size:0.9em;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194520" class="extiw" title="d:Q194520">编辑此条目的维基数据</a>]</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">细胞发育（-plasia/-trophy）</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left"> <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">-plasia：细胞、组织数量改变</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E9%95%B7" title="逆行性生长">退行发育（anaplasia）</a>（组织的分化性丧失）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="發育不全" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aplasia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%A8" title="发育不全">发育不全（aplasia）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplasia" class="extiw" title="en:Aplasia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aplasia</span></a></span>）</span></span>（器官或部分的器官遗失）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="發育不全" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hypoplasia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%A8" title="发育不全">发育不全（hypoplasia）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoplasia" class="extiw" title="en:Hypoplasia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hypoplasia</span></a></span>）</span></span>（先天细胞数量过低）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="組織增生（hyperplasia）" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hyperplasia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%A2%9E%E7%94%9F%EF%BC%88hyperplasia%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="组织增生（hyperplasia）（页面不存在）">组织增生（hyperplasia）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperplasia" class="extiw" title="en:Hyperplasia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hyperplasia</span></a></span>）</span></span>（细胞分裂新生）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%85%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="赘生物">赘生（neoplasia）</a>（异常的细胞增生）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E5%9E%8B%E5%A2%9E%E7%94%9F" title="异型增生">异生（dysplasia）</a>（细胞或组织的生长、分化异常）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F_(%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="化生 (病理学)">化生（metaplasia）</a>（细胞型态改变）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="進行性化生" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prosoplasia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="进行性化生（页面不存在）">进行性化生（prosoplasia）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosoplasia" class="extiw" title="en:Prosoplasia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prosoplasia</span></a></span>）</span></span>（细胞分化为更高等的细胞）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="結締組織增生" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Desmoplasia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%90%E7%B7%A0%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%A2%9E%E7%94%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结缔组织增生（页面不存在）">结缔组织增生（desmoplasia）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmoplasia" class="extiw" title="en:Desmoplasia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Desmoplasia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left"> <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">-trophy：细胞、组织体积改变</div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">萎缩（atrophy）</a>（器官的细胞数量减少，功能不全）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E5%A4%A7" title="肥大">细胞肥大（hypertrophy）</a>（细胞体积增加）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="細胞萎縮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hypotrophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="细胞萎缩（页面不存在）">细胞萎缩（hypotrophy）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypotrophy" class="extiw" title="en:Hypotrophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hypotrophy</span></a></span>）</span></span> （细胞体积减少）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="營養性衰竭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abiotrophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E7%AB%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="营养性衰竭（页面不存在）">营养性衰竭（abiotrophy）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiotrophy" class="extiw" title="en:Abiotrophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abiotrophy</span></a></span>）</span></span>（组织或器官的死亡）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="失養" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dystrophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%B1%E9%A4%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="失养（页面不存在）">失养（dystrophy）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystrophy" class="extiw" title="en:Dystrophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dystrophy</span></a></span>）</span></span>（营养缺陷造成的退化性失调）</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:-plasia" title="Template:-plasia"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:-plasia" title="Template talk:-plasia"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:-plasia" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:-plasia"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>萎缩</b>（英语：Atrophy）是指身体的一部分或全部日渐消瘦。造成萎缩的原因包含<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="突变">突变</a>（可破坏建立器官的基因）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E4%B8%8D%E8%89%AF" title="营养不良">营养不良</a>、不好的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="循环系统">循环系统</a>、失去<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="激素">激素</a>（荷尔蒙）的帮助、失去目标<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="器官">器官</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="神经">神经</a>支持、过多的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="细胞凋亡">细胞凋亡</a>以及缺乏<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E8%83%BD%E9%8D%9B%E9%8D%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="体能锻炼">体能锻炼</a>或是组织本身的内在<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="疾病">疾病</a>所导致。维持器官或身体一部分的激素和神经输入，在医学名词上称为trophic。Trophic描述组织的营养状况。肌肉Trophic的减少，被称为萎缩。 </p><p>萎缩为一般<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="组织 (生物学)">组织</a>崩解或是重新吸收的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生理学">生理学</a>上的过程，牵涉到细胞的凋亡。当萎缩的发生是由于一些疾病则称为物理性的萎缩，有时这是属于正常身体的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%A9%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="稳态">稳态</a>（体内平衡）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="正常發展"><span id=".E6.AD.A3.E5.B8.B8.E7.99.BC.E5.B1.95"></span>正常发展</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：正常发展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>正常身体萎缩的例子包含幼儿时期<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E8%85%BA" title="胸腺">胸腺</a>的衰退以及青春期<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%81%E6%A1%83%E8%85%BA" title="扁桃腺">扁桃腺</a>的衰退。在年纪大的时候，萎缩的影响包含:失去牙齿、掉头发、皮肤变薄产生皱纹、肌肉无力、器官变轻、心情低迷。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="肌肉萎縮"><span id=".E8.82.8C.E8.82.89.E8.90.8E.E7.B8.AE"></span>肌肉萎缩</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：肌肉萎缩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肌肉萎缩（页面不存在）">肌肉萎缩</a></div> <p>肌肉和骨头的荒废形萎缩是指肌肉失去了质量以及力量，会发生于长期不动，或是长期卧床休息，或是身体的某部分，长期处于某一状态下（像是眼睛长期处于黑暗中，或是脚长期不能移动）。这种情形的萎缩可以透过运动改善，除非非常严重无法复原。太空人在重力很小的情形下，必须规律运动，以减少他们四肢肌肉的萎缩。有许多种原因和疾病会造成肌肉的萎缩。例如癌症或是艾滋病会有体重减少的并发症产生，这样的症状称为<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A1%E7%97%85%E9%AB%94%E8%B3%AA" title="恶病体质">恶病体质</a>，会有显著的肌肉萎缩产生。其他的症状或情形像是<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC%E8%82%8C" title="骨骼肌">骨骼肌</a>的萎缩会造成<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%A1%B0%E7%AB%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="心衰竭">心衰竭</a>和一些肝脏的疾病。 </p><p>成长过程中，会渐渐降低骨骼肌的功能及质量。这种情形称之为肌少症，在病理生理学上会有不同的情形。然而确切造成肌小症的原因还不清楚，可能结合再生骨骼肌纤维的satellite cells的逐渐衰竭，以及一些敏感且可用的一些危急性分泌成长因子的减少，这些因子可以保持肌肉质量以及satellite cells的存活。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="營養不良、肌炎和運動神經元的情形下"><span id=".E7.87.9F.E9.A4.8A.E4.B8.8D.E8.89.AF.E3.80.81.E8.82.8C.E7.82.8E.E5.92.8C.E9.81.8B.E5.8B.95.E7.A5.9E.E7.B6.93.E5.85.83.E7.9A.84.E6.83.85.E5.BD.A2.E4.B8.8B"></span>营养不良、肌炎和运动神经元的情形下</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：营养不良、肌炎和运动神经元的情形下"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>病理性的肌肉萎缩会发生于有关运动神经元的疾病，或是本身肌肉组织的疾病。神经元萎缩的例子包含CMT(<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E6%80%A7%E8%85%93%E9%AA%A8%E8%82%8C%E8%90%8E%E7%BC%A9%E7%97%87" title="进行性神经性腓骨肌萎缩症">进行性神经性腓骨肌萎缩症</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E7%81%B0%E8%B3%AA%E7%82%8E" title="脊髓灰质炎">脊髓灰质炎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%90%8E%E7%BC%A9%E6%80%A7%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E4%BE%A7%E7%B4%A2%E7%A1%AC%E5%8C%96%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症">肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症</a>（ALS）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B7%B4%E6%B0%8F%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="吉巴氏综合症">吉巴氏综合症</a>。肌肉萎缩的例子有<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89%E8%90%8E%E7%BC%A9%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="肌肉萎缩症">肌肉萎缩症</a>、先天性肌僵直、僵直性肌营养不良。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="腺體萎縮"><span id=".E8.85.BA.E9.AB.94.E8.90.8E.E7.B8.AE"></span>腺体萎缩</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：腺体萎缩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>长期使用外在的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E7%9A%AE%E8%B3%AA%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="糖皮质激素">糖皮质激素</a>像是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="强的松">强的松</a>，造成<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8E%E4%B8%8A%E8%85%BA" title="肾上腺">肾上腺</a>的萎缩。乳腺的萎缩则是因为<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%80%A7%E5%8E%AD%E9%A3%9F%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="神经性厌食症">神经性厌食症</a>或是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9F" title="更年期">更年期</a>造成<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8C%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="雌激素">雌激素</a>的减少。睾丸的萎缩是因为长期使用足够的外来<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E7%B1%BB%E5%9B%BA%E9%86%87" class="mw-redirect" title="性类固醇">性类固醇</a>(包含<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%84%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="雄激素">雄激素</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8C%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="雌激素">雌激素</a>)以减少促性腺激素的分泌。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="陰道萎縮"><span id=".E9.99.B0.E9.81.93.E8.90.8E.E7.B8.AE"></span>阴道萎缩</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：阴道萎缩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>对于停经的女人，阴道的内壁会变薄（萎缩性阴道炎）。虽然理论上这样的影响是因为雌性激素的降低所造成的，但这样的机制和年龄是否相关，目前尚未确定。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这样的萎缩和乳腺的萎缩，算是一般的正常萎缩；停经后的身体，不需要再保持可生殖功能的身体，长时间之后，会丧失生殖功能。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>研究</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有些报告已指出，已经有药物可以防止长期卧床不动的病人的肌肉萎缩。<sup id="cite_ref-ND2006_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ND2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>测试用的老鼠显示，药物可抑制存在于肌肉，参与肌肉萎缩的蛋白的活性。然而，这种药物对心脏的长期作用妨碍了其在人体中的常规使用，目前需要更进一步寻找对于药物的改善方式。<sup id="cite_ref-FASEBJ2006-Wang_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FASEBJ2006-Wang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ND2006_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ND2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">W. T. Councilman. Chapter Two. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=1499279&pageno=21">Disease and Its Causes</a>. New York Henry Holt and Company London <a href="/w/index.php?title=Williams_and_Norgate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Williams and Norgate（页面不存在）">Williams and Norgate</a> The University Press, Cambridge, U.S.A. 1913 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-03-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191210000218/http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=1499279&pageno=21">存档</a>于2019-12-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&rft.atitle=Chapter+Two&rft.au=W.+T.+Councilman&rft.btitle=Disease+and+Its+Causes&rft.date=1913&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=New+York+Henry+Holt+and+Company+London+Williams+and+Norgate+The+University+Press%2C+Cambridge%2C+U.S.A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fcatalog%2Fworld%2Freadfile%3Ffk_files%3D1499279%26pageno%3D21&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Campellone, Joseph V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003188.htm">Muscle atrophy</a>. <a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a>. 2007-05-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-10-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013000952/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003188.htm">存档</a>于13 October 2007）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&rft.aufirst=Joseph+V.&rft.aulast=Campellone&rft.btitle=Muscle+atrophy&rft.date=2007-05-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=MedlinePlus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fmedlineplus%2Fency%2Farticle%2F003188.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928072029/http://medicine.science-tips.org/health/diseases-and-conditions/types-of-atrophy.html">Types of Atrophy</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-10-02</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medicine.science-tips.org/health/diseases-and-conditions/types-of-atrophy.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-09-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&rft.btitle=Types+of+Atrophy&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedicine.science-tips.org%2Fhealth%2Fdiseases-and-conditions%2Ftypes-of-atrophy.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ND2006-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ND2006_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ND2006_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070911010834/http://www2.netdoctor.co.uk/news/index.asp?y=2006&m=5&d=25&id=123026">Drug could stop muscle wasting<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span></a>. NetDoctor.co.uk. 2006-05-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-05-27</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.netdoctor.co.uk/news/index.asp?y=2006&m=5&d=25&id=123026">原始内容</a>存档于2007-09-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&rft.atitle=Drug+could+stop+muscle+wasting%27&rft.date=2006-05-25&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.netdoctor.co.uk%2Fnews%2Findex.asp%3Fy%3D2006%26m%3D5%26d%3D25%26id%3D123026&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FASEBJ2006-Wang-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FASEBJ2006-Wang_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Wang X, Hockerman GH, Green Iii HW, Babbs CF, Mohammad SI, Gerrard D, Latour MA, London B, Hannon KM, Pond AL. Merg1a K+ channel induces skeletal muscle atrophy by activating the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. FASEB J. May 24, 2006, <b>20</b> (9): 1531–3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16723379"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 16723379</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1096%2Ffj.05-5350fje"><span title="数位物件识别号">doi:10.1096/fj.05-5350fje</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE&rft.atitle=Merg1a+K%2B+channel+induces+skeletal+muscle+atrophy+by+activating+the+ubiquitin+proteasome+pathway&rft.au=Babbs%2C+CF&rft.au=Gerrard%2C+D&rft.au=Green+Iii%2C+HW&rft.au=Hannon%2C+KM&rft.au=Hockerman%2C+GH&rft.au=Latour%2C+MA&rft.au=London%2C+B&rft.au=Mohammad%2C+SI&rft.au=Pond%2C+AL&rft.aufirst=X&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.date=2006-05-24&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=FASEB+J&rft.pages=1531-3&rft.volume=20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1096%2Ffj.05-5350fje&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16723379&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="感染">感染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%85%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="赘生物">赘生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="病原学">病原学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="發病機制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pathogenesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BC%E7%97%85%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="发病机制（页面不存在）">发病机制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenesis" class="extiw" title="en:Pathogenesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pathogenesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B5%81%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="血流动力学">血流动力学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%BA%E8%A1%80" title="缺血">缺血</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%8E%E7%97%87" title="炎症">炎症</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="細胞損傷" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cell damage"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E6%90%8D%E5%82%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="细胞损伤（页面不存在）">细胞损伤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_damage" class="extiw" title="en:Cell damage"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cell damage</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B7%E5%8F%A3%E7%99%92%E5%90%88" title="伤口愈合">伤口愈合</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="細胞適應" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cellular adaptation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="细胞适应（页面不存在）">细胞适应</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_adaptation" class="extiw" title="en:Cellular adaptation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cellular adaptation</span></a></span>）</span></span>（代偿性变化）</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">萎缩</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E5%A4%A7" title="肥大">肥大</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%9E%E7%94%9F_(%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="增生 (病理学)">增生</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E5%9E%8B%E5%A2%9E%E7%94%9F" title="异型增生">异型增生</a>（非典型增生）</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F_(%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="化生 (病理学)">组织化生</a> <dl><dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鱗狀上皮化生" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Squamous metaplasia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B1%97%E7%8B%80%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%AE%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鳞状上皮化生（页面不存在）">鳞状上皮化生</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squamous_metaplasia" class="extiw" title="en:Squamous metaplasia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Squamous metaplasia</span></a></span>）</span></span></dd> <dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="腺性化生" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glandular metaplasia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%BA%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="腺性化生（页面不存在）">腺性化生</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glandular_metaplasia" class="extiw" title="en:Glandular metaplasia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glandular metaplasia</span></a></span>）</span></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="细胞死亡">细胞死亡</a></dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%9E%E6%AD%BB" title="坏死">坏死</a> <dl><dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凝固性壞死" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coagulative necrosis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%9D%E5%9B%BA%E6%80%A7%E5%A3%9E%E6%AD%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凝固性坏死（页面不存在）">凝固性坏死</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulative_necrosis" class="extiw" title="en:Coagulative necrosis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coagulative necrosis</span></a></span>）</span></span></dd> <dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="液化性壞死" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Liquefactive necrosis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%B2%E5%8C%96%E6%80%A7%E5%A3%9E%E6%AD%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="液化性坏死（页面不存在）">液化性坏死</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefactive_necrosis" class="extiw" title="en:Liquefactive necrosis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Liquefactive necrosis</span></a></span>）</span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8F%E7%96%BD" title="坏疽">坏疽性坏死</a></dd> <dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乾酪樣壞死" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Caseous necrosis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%BE%E9%85%AA%E6%A8%A3%E5%A3%9E%E6%AD%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="干酪样坏死（页面不存在）">干酪样坏死</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caseous_necrosis" class="extiw" title="en:Caseous necrosis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Caseous necrosis</span></a></span>）</span></span></dd> <dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="脂肪性壞死" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fat necrosis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E6%80%A7%E5%A3%9E%E6%AD%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脂肪性坏死（页面不存在）">脂肪性坏死</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat_necrosis" class="extiw" title="en:Fat necrosis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fat necrosis</span></a></span>）</span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E6%A8%A3%E5%A3%9E%E6%AD%BB" title="纤维蛋白样坏死">纤维蛋白样坏死</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%80%A7%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="程序性细胞死亡">细胞程序性死亡</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1" title="细胞凋亡">细胞凋亡</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E7%BC%A9" title="固缩">固缩</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A2%8E%E8%A3%82" title="核碎裂">核碎裂</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3" title="核溶解">核溶解</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i>积累性</i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0" title="色素">色素</a></i> <dl><dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="含鐵血黃素" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hemosiderin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AB%E9%90%B5%E8%A1%80%E9%BB%83%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="含铁血黄素（页面不存在）">含铁血黄素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemosiderin" class="extiw" title="en:Hemosiderin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hemosiderin</span></a></span>）</span></span></dd> <dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="脂色素" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lipochrome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%82%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脂色素（页面不存在）">脂色素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipochrome" class="extiw" title="en:Lipochrome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lipochrome</span></a></span>）</span></span>/<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%A4%90%E7%B4%A0" title="脂褐素">脂褐素</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0" title="黑色素">黑色素</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="脂肪變性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Steatosis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E8%AE%8A%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脂肪变性（页面不存在）">脂肪变性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatosis" class="extiw" title="en:Steatosis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Steatosis</span></a></span>）</span></span>（皮脂腺病）</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8" title="病理解剖学">病理解剖学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="外科病理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Surgical pathology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外科病理学（页面不存在）">外科病理学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgical_pathology" class="extiw" title="en:Surgical pathology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Surgical pathology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="細胞病理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cytopathology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="细胞病理学（页面不存在）">细胞病理学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytopathology" class="extiw" title="en:Cytopathology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cytopathology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%97%E5%B1%8D" title="验尸">验尸</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分子病理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Molecular pathology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分子病理学（页面不存在）">分子病理学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_pathology" class="extiw" title="en:Molecular pathology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Molecular pathology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8C%BB%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="法医病理学">法医病理学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="口腔頜面病理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oral and maxillofacial pathology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94%E9%A0%9C%E9%9D%A2%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="口腔颌面病理学（页面不存在）">口腔颌面病理学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_pathology" class="extiw" title="en:Oral and maxillofacial pathology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oral and maxillofacial pathology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肉眼檢查" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gross examination"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%89%E7%9C%BC%E6%AA%A2%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肉眼检查（页面不存在）">肉眼检查</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_examination" class="extiw" title="en:Gross examination"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gross examination</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="組織病理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Histopathology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="组织病理学（页面不存在）">组织病理学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histopathology" class="extiw" title="en:Histopathology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Histopathology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="免疫组织化学">免疫组织化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E9%95%9C" title="电子显微镜">电子显微镜</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="熒光免疫檢驗法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Immunofluorescence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%92%E5%85%89%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E6%AA%A2%E9%A9%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荧光免疫检验法（页面不存在）">荧光免疫检验法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofluorescence" class="extiw" title="en:Immunofluorescence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Immunofluorescence</span></a></span>）</span></span>（免疫萤光法）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%92%E5%85%89%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8D%E9%9B%9C%E4%BA%A4" title="荧光原位杂交">荧光原位杂交</a>（FISH）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="臨床病理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clinical pathology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%A8%E5%BA%8A%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="临床病理学（页面不存在）">临床病理学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_pathology" class="extiw" title="en:Clinical pathology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clinical pathology</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="临床化学">临床化学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="血液病理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hematopathology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="血液病理学（页面不存在）">血液病理学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopathology" class="extiw" title="en:Hematopathology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hematopathology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="輸血醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transfusion medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%B8%E8%A1%80%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="输血医学（页面不存在）">输血医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfusion_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Transfusion medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transfusion medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="医学微生物学">医学微生物学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="免疫診斷學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Immunoassay"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E8%A8%BA%E6%96%B7%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="免疫诊断学（页面不存在）">免疫诊断学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoassay" class="extiw" title="en:Immunoassay"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Immunoassay</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="免疫病理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Immunopathology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="免疫病理学（页面不存在）">免疫病理学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunopathology" class="extiw" title="en:Immunopathology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Immunopathology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="酶活性分析" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Enzyme assay"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%B6%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="酶活性分析（页面不存在）">酶活性分析</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_assay" class="extiw" title="en:Enzyme assay"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Enzyme assay</span></a></span>）</span></span>（酶测定）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="质谱法">质谱法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="色谱法">色谱法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%BC%8F%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%A1%93" title="流式细胞术">流式细胞术</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="血庫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Blood bank"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%80%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="血库（页面不存在）">血库</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_bank" class="extiw" title="en:Blood bank"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Blood bank</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="微生物培養鑑定" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Microbiological culture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9F%B9%E9%A4%8A%E9%91%91%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微生物培养鉴定（页面不存在）">微生物培养鉴定</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiological_culture" class="extiw" title="en:Microbiological culture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Microbiological culture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B8%85%E5%AD%A6" title="血清学">血清学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特殊情况</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="心肌梗死病理時間軸" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of myocardial infarction pathology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E8%82%8C%E6%A2%97%E6%AD%BB%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E8%BB%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心肌梗死病理时间轴（页面不存在）">心肌梗死病理时间轴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_myocardial_infarction_pathology" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of myocardial infarction pathology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of myocardial infarction pathology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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