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accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Proto-Semitisch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proto-Semitisch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Proto-Semitisch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proto-Semitisch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overzicht_van_talen_binnen_de_taalfamilie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overzicht_van_talen_binnen_de_taalfamilie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Overzicht van talen binnen de taalfamilie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overzicht_van_talen_binnen_de_taalfamilie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Overzicht van talen binnen de taalfamilie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Overzicht_van_talen_binnen_de_taalfamilie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oost-Semitische_talen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oost-Semitische_talen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Oost-Semitische talen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oost-Semitische_talen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centraal-Semitische_talen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centraal-Semitische_talen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Centraal-Semitische talen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centraal-Semitische_talen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noordwest-Semitische_talen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noordwest-Semitische_talen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Noordwest-Semitische talen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noordwest-Semitische_talen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabische_talen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabische_talen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Arabische talen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabische_talen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zuid-Semitische_talen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zuid-Semitische_talen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Zuid-Semitische talen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zuid-Semitische_talen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Westelijk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Westelijk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Westelijk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Westelijk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oostelijk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oostelijk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Oostelijk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oostelijk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gedeelde_kenmerken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gedeelde_kenmerken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gedeelde kenmerken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gedeelde_kenmerken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verschillende_kenmerken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verschillende_kenmerken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Verschillende kenmerken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verschillende_kenmerken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Semitische talen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 118 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Асемит бызшәақәа – Abchazisch" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Асемит бызшәақәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchazisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitiese_taalfamilie" title="Semitiese taalfamilie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Semitiese taalfamilie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitische_Sprachen" title="Semitische Sprachen – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Semitische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B4%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%8A_%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B%E1%8B%8E%E1%89%BD" title="ሴማዊ ቋንቋዎች – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሴማዊ ቋንቋዎች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_semiticas" title="Luengas semiticas – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas semiticas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغات سامية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات سامية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܫܝܡܝܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܫܝܡܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="لغات ساميه – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغات ساميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_sem%C3%ADtiques" title="Llingües semítiques – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües semítiques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_dill%C9%99ri" title="Sami dilləri – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sami dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سامی دیللری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سامی دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Семит телдәре – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Семит телдәре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitische_Sprochn" title="Semitische Sprochn – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Semitische Sprochn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Семіцкія мовы – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Семіцкія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Сэміцкія мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сэміцкія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Семитски езици – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Семитски езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="সেমিটীয় ভাষাসমূহ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেমিটীয় ভাষাসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_semitek" title="Yezhoù semitek – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù semitek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitski_jezici" title="Semitski jezici – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Semitski jezici" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_sem%C3%ADtiques" title="Llengües semítiques – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües semítiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زمانە سامییەکان – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانە سامییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitsk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Semitské jazyky – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Semitské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Семит чĕлхисем – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Семит чĕлхисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Semitaidd" title="Ieithoedd Semitaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Semitaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitiske_sprog" title="Semitiske sprog – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Semitiske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitische_Sprachen" title="Semitische Sprachen – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Semitische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%B1wan%C3%AA_Semitki" title="Zıwanê Semitki – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zıwanê Semitki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitiske_r%C4%9Bcy" title="Semitiske rěcy – Nedersorbisch" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Semitiske rěcy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Σημιτικές γλώσσες – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σημιτικές γλώσσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Semitic languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cemida_lingvaro" title="Ŝemida lingvaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝemida lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_sem%C3%ADticas" title="Lenguas semíticas – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas semíticas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi_keeled" title="Semi keeled – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Semi keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizkuntza_semitikoak" title="Hizkuntza semitikoak – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizkuntza semitikoak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های سامی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های سامی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seemil%C3%A4iset_kielet" title="Seemiläiset kielet – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Seemiläiset kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitisk_m%C3%A1l" title="Semitisk mál – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Semitisk mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_s%C3%A9mitiques" title="Langues sémitiques – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues sémitiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiitisk_spriaken" title="Semiitisk spriaken – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Semiitisk spriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semityske_talen" title="Semityske talen – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Semityske talen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teangacha_Seim%C3%ADteacha" title="Teangacha Seimíteacha – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teangacha Seimíteacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_sem%C3%ADticas" title="Linguas semíticas – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas semíticas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות שמיות – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות שמיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="सामी भाषाएँ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सामी भाषाएँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_bhasa" title="Semitic bhasa – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Semitic bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitski_jezici" title="Semitski jezici – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Semitski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitiske_r%C4%9B%C4%8De" title="Semitiske rěče – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Semitiske rěče" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9mi_nyelvek" title="Sémi nyelvek – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sémi nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սեմական լեզուներ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեմական լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_semitic" title="Linguas semitic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Linguas semitic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Semit" title="Rumpun bahasa Semit – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Semit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semida_lingui" title="Semida lingui – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Semida lingui" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sem%C3%ADsk_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Semísk tungumál – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Semísk tungumál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_semitiche" title="Lingue semitiche – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue semitiche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%A0%E8%AA%9E%E6%B4%BE" title="セム語派 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セム語派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="სემიტური ენები – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სემიტური ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayin_tisamiyin" title="Tutlayin tisamiyin – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayin tisamiyin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_basa_Semitik" title="Rumpun basa Semitik – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rumpun basa Semitik" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Семит тілдері – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Семит тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%85%88%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="셈어파 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="셈어파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_sam%C3%AE" title="Zimanên samî – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanên samî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yethow_Semitek" title="Yethow Semitek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yethow Semitek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Семит тилдери – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Семит тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguae_Semiticae" title="Linguae Semiticae – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguae Semiticae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_semetikas" title="Linguas semetikas – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Linguas semetikas" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_semitica" title="Linguas semitica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas semitica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitische_taole" title="Semitische taole – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Semitische taole" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengue_semitiche" title="Lengue semitiche – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengue semitiche" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semit%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Semitų kalbos – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Semitų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sem%C4%ABtu_valodas" title="Semītu valodas – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Semītu valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_semitika" title="Fiteny semitika – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny semitika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Семитски јазици – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Семитски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BD%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B4" title="Семит хэлнүүд – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Семит хэлнүүд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="सामी भाषासमूह – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सामी भाषासमूह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Samiah" title="Bahasa-bahasa Samiah – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa-bahasa Samiah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwi_Semiti%C4%8Bi" title="Lingwi Semitiċi – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwi Semitiċi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitsche_Spraken" title="Semitsche Spraken – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Semitsche Spraken" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semittiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Semittiske språk – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Semittiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semittiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Semittiske språk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Semittiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_semiticas" title="Lengas semiticas – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas semiticas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਸਾਮੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਮੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_semickie" title="Języki semickie – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki semickie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_sem%C3%ACtiche" title="Lenghe semìtiche – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenghe semìtiche" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="سامی زباناں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سامی زباناں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90" title="سامي ژبې – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سامي ژبې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_sem%C3%ADticas" title="Línguas semíticas – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas semíticas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_semitice" title="Limbi semitice – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi semitice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Семитские языки – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семитские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbas_sem%C3%ACticas" title="Limbas semìticas – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limbas semìticas" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="سامي ٻوليون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سامي ٻوليون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitski_jezici" title="Semitski jezici – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Semitski jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayin_tisamiyin" title="Tutlayin tisamiyin – Tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayin tisamiyin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Semitic languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitsk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Semitské jazyky – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Semitské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="سامی زباناں – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="سامی زباناں" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitski_jeziki" title="Semitski jeziki – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Semitski jeziki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luqadaha_Semitiga" title="Luqadaha Semitiga – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Luqadaha Semitiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_semitike" title="Gjuhët semitike – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuhët semitike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Семитски језици – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Семитски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitiske_Sproaken" title="Semitiske Sproaken – Saterfries" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Semitiske Sproaken" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Semitiska språk – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Semitiska språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kisemiti" title="Lugha za Kisemiti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kisemiti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="செமித்திய மொழிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செமித்திய மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="กลุ่มภาษาเซมิติก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษาเซมิติก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_dilleri" title="Sami dilleri – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Sami dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_dilleri" title="Sami dilleri – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sami dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="سامىي تىل ئائىلىسى – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سامىي تىل ئائىلىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Семітські мови – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Семітські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="سامی زبانیں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سامی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Som_tillari" title="Som tillari – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Som tillari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_t%E1%BB%99c_Semit" title="Ngữ tộc Semit – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ tộc Semit" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="闪米特语族 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="闪米特语族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="სემიტური ნინეფი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სემიტური ნინეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%9F" title="סעמיטישע שפראכן – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סעמיטישע שפראכן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BA%B9%CC%80m%C3%ADt%C3%AD%C3%ACk%C3%AC" title="Sẹ̀mítíìkì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sẹ̀mítíìkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵎⵉⵢⵉⵏ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵎⵉⵢⵉⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="闪米特语族 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="闪米特语族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-gesproken_wiki" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div style="font-size:87%;" title="Klik op de startbutton om de geluidsopname van het artikel te starten"><span style="cursor:help; border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555;" title="Door op de afspeelknop te klikken kunt u dit artikel beluisteren. Na het opnemen kan het artikel gewijzigd zijn, waardoor de tekst van de opname wellicht verouderd is.">Beluister</span> <span class="gesproken_wiki_player" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="80" style="width:80px;" data-durationhint="386" data-mwtitle="Nl-Semitische_talen-article.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Nl-Semitische_talen-article.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/Nl-Semitische_talen-article.ogg/Nl-Semitische_talen-article.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></span> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nl-Semitische_talen-article.ogg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Nl-Semitische talen-article.ogg">info</a>)</div> </div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Semitic_languages.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Semitic_languages.svg/400px-Semitic_languages.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="515" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Semitic_languages.svg/600px-Semitic_languages.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Semitic_languages.svg/800px-Semitic_languages.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="917" /></a><figcaption>Verspreiding van de Semitische talen.</figcaption></figure> <p>De <b>Semitische talen</b> vormen een noordoostelijke subfamilie van de <a href="/wiki/Afro-Aziatische_talen" title="Afro-Aziatische talen">Afro-Aziatische talen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De grootste Semitische talen zijn het <a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a>, het <a href="/wiki/Amhaars" title="Amhaars">Amhaars</a>, het <a href="/wiki/Hebreeuws" title="Hebreeuws">Hebreeuws</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Tigrinya_(taal)" title="Tigrinya (taal)">Tigrinya</a>. Ook het <a href="/wiki/Maltees" title="Maltees">Maltees</a> is een Semitische taal.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De naam <i>Semitisch</i> is afgeleid van <a href="/wiki/Sem_(Bijbels_figuur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sem (Bijbels figuur)">Sem</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Hebreeuwse_Bijbel" title="Hebreeuwse Bijbel">Hebreeuwse Bijbel</a>, een van de zonen van <a href="/wiki/Noach" title="Noach">Noach</a>. De term "Semitische taal" komt als zodanig niet in de <a href="/wiki/Thora" title="Thora">Thora</a> voor, maar is een term die gebruikt wordt om deze groep talen aan te duiden. <a href="/wiki/Genesis_(boek)" title="Genesis (boek)">Genesis</a> 10 vermeldt dat de zonen van Noach Sem, <a href="/wiki/Cham_(Hebreeuwse_Bijbel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham (Hebreeuwse Bijbel)">Cham</a> en <a href="/wiki/Jafet" title="Jafet">Jafet</a> heten. In de 19e eeuw heeft men de taalgroepen willen indelen aan de hand van deze drie zonen. Inmiddels is deze driedeling weer verlaten. Onder de zonen van Sem bevinden zich <a href="/w/index.php?title=Assur_(Bijbel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assur (Bijbel) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Asshur</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aram_(persoon)" title="Aram (persoon)">Aram</a>, waarvan de namen voor het <a href="/wiki/Assyrisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrisch">Assyrisch</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Aramees" title="Aramees">Aramees</a> afgeleid zijn. </p><p>Tot voor kort noemde men de Afrikaanse tak van de Afro-Aziatische talen de '<a href="/wiki/Hamitische_talen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamitische talen">Hamitische talen</a>', omdat de volkeren van Afrika van Cham af zouden stammen. Thans ziet men in dat deze indeling niet houdbaar is, omdat de talen die in Afrika worden gesproken zo divers zijn dat ze niet tot een enkele groep gereduceerd kunnen worden. In plaats daarvan ziet men tegenwoordig verschillende afdelingen, die elk als een aparte tak moeten worden beschouwd, op gelijke hoogte als de Semitische tak. </p><p>Opmerkelijk is overigens dat de Semitische taal Hebreeuws in de Bijbel zelf 'taal van Kanaän' (<i>sefat Kena'an</i>) wordt genoemd. Het Hebreeuws is ook daadwerkelijk, net als het Fenicisch, een taal van de streek <a href="/wiki/Kana%C3%A4n_(gebied)" title="Kanaän (gebied)">Kanaän</a>, maar niet van de stam van <a href="/wiki/Kana%C3%A4n_(persoon)" title="Kanaän (persoon)">Kanaän</a>, want Kanaän stamt volgens Genesis af van Cham, net als <a href="/wiki/Kus_(Bijbel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kus (Bijbel)">Kus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Mitsrajim" title="Mitsrajim">Mitsrajim</a> (Egypte). De taal van het gebied Kanaän is echter toch Semitisch, omdat het gebied van Kanaän volgens het boek Genesis door God beloofd werd aan het nageslacht van <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, en Abraham stamt wel af van Sem.<sup class="noprint nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding#Bron_gevraagd" title="Wikipedia:Bronvermelding"><span title="Voor deze uitspraak is sinds 08 september 2023 een bronvermelding gewenst. Motivering: neutraal?">[bron?]</span></a></sup> Na vele omzwervingen en de uittocht uit Egypte (<a href="/wiki/Uittocht_uit_Egypte" title="Uittocht uit Egypte">Exodus</a>), zou de stam van een van de kleinzonen van Abraham, <a href="/wiki/Jakob_(aartsvader)" title="Jakob (aartsvader)">Jakob</a>, die ook Israël wordt genoemd (Genesis 32), het gebied inderdaad in bezit nemen. Zo kwam dus het gebied van Kanaän, een afstammeling van Cham, in handen van afstammelingen van Sem, die hun eigen Semitische taal vernoemden naar het gebied dat ze in handen hadden gekregen: "sefat Kena'an".<sup class="noprint nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding#Bron_gevraagd" title="Wikipedia:Bronvermelding"><span title="Voor deze uitspraak is sinds 17 maart 2020 een bronvermelding gewenst. Motivering: neutraal?">[bron?]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ook het Arabisch behoort tot de Semitische taalfamilie. Zowel volgens de Hebreeuwse Bijbel als de <a href="/wiki/Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran">Quran</a> stammen ook de Arabieren af van Abraham en wel via <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%ABl" title="Ismaël">Ismaël</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proto-Semitisch">Proto-Semitisch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Proto-Semitisch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Proto-Semitisch"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Semitische talen lijken alle af te stammen van een <a href="/wiki/Prototaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Prototaal">prototaal</a>. Dit zogenaamde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Semitisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Semitisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Proto-Semitisch</a> bestaat echter alleen in theorie, gereconstrueerd uit de leden van de Semitische taalfamilie. De typische kenmerken van de Semitische talen, zoals de (werk)woordstammen van drie medeklinkers, zijn waarschijnlijk afkomstig uit het Proto-Semitisch. De oudste vastgelegde Semitische taal is het <a href="/wiki/Akkadisch" title="Akkadisch">Akkadisch</a>, dat minstens dateert van 2300 voor Christus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overzicht_van_talen_binnen_de_taalfamilie">Overzicht van talen binnen de taalfamilie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Overzicht van talen binnen de taalfamilie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Overzicht van talen binnen de taalfamilie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oost-Semitische_talen">Oost-Semitische talen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Oost-Semitische talen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oost-Semitische talen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadisch" title="Akkadisch">Akkadisch</a>—uitgestorven</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebla%C3%AFtisch" title="Eblaïtisch">Eblaïtisch</a>—uitgestorven, is ofwel Oost-Semitisch ofwel Noordwest-Semitisch.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centraal-Semitische_talen">Centraal-Semitische talen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Centraal-Semitische talen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Centraal-Semitische talen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:AndalusQuran.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/AndalusQuran.JPG/260px-AndalusQuran.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/AndalusQuran.JPG/390px-AndalusQuran.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/AndalusQuran.JPG/520px-AndalusQuran.JPG 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>Fragment uit een twaalfde-eeuwse <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a> in het Arabisch</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Noordwest-Semitische_talen">Noordwest-Semitische talen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Noordwest-Semitische talen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Noordwest-Semitische talen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kana%C3%A4nitische_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanaänitische talen (de pagina bestaat niet)">Kanaänitische talen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebreeuws" title="Hebreeuws">Hebreeuws</a>—Klassiek Hebreeuws is uitgestorven, in de 19de eeuw werd de taal opnieuw tot leven gewekt als Modern Hebreeuws alias Ivriet.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moabitisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moabitisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Moabitisch</a>—uitgestorven</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edomitisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edomitisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Edomitisch</a>—uitgestorven</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonitisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ammonitisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ammonitisch</a>—uitgestorven</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenicisch" title="Fenicisch">Fenicisch</a> (en het jongere <a href="/wiki/Punisch" title="Punisch">Punisch</a>)—uitgestorven</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramees" title="Aramees">Aramees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrisch" title="Syrisch">Syrisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandees" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandees">Mandees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyreens" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmyreens">Palmyreens</a>—uitgestorven</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabatees" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabatees">Nabatees</a>—uitgestorven</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritisch" title="Ugaritisch">Ugaritisch</a>—uitgestorven</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoritisch" title="Amoritisch">Amoritisch</a>—uitgestorven</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arabische_talen">Arabische talen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Arabische talen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Arabische talen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oud_Arabisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oud Arabisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Oud Arabisch</a>—uitgestorven <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dedanitisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dedanitisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Dedanitisch</a>—uitgestorven</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lihyanitisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lihyanitisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Lihyanitisch</a>—uitgestorven</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamudisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamudisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Thamudisch</a>—uitgestorven</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safa%C3%AFtisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Safaïtisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Safaïtisch</a>—uitgestorven</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oud_Literair_Arabisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oud Literair Arabisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Oud Literair Arabisch</a>: oudste inscriptie: <a href="/wiki/328" title="328">328</a> na Christus—uitgestorven</li> <li>(Modern) <a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a> + variëteiten en dialecten: vanaf <a href="/wiki/500" title="500">500</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltees" title="Maltees">Maltees</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zuid-Semitische_talen">Zuid-Semitische talen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zuid-Semitische talen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zuid-Semitische talen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Westelijk">Westelijk</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Westelijk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Westelijk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopische_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethiopische talen (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ethiopische talen</a> <ul><li>Noorden <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez" title="Ge'ez">Ge'ez</a> of Klassiek Ethiopisch—uitgestorven</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigrinya_(taal)" title="Tigrinya (taal)">Tigrinya</a> of Tigriñña</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tigre_(taal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tigre (taal) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Tigre</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zuiden <ul><li><i>Transverse</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amhaars" title="Amhaars">Amhaars</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argobba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argobba (de pagina bestaat niet)">Argobba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harari_(taal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harari (taal) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Harari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurage-talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurage-talen (de pagina bestaat niet)">Gurage-talen</a> <ul><li>Oost-Gurage-talen <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selti (de pagina bestaat niet)">Selti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolane (de pagina bestaat niet)">Wolane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zway (de pagina bestaat niet)">Zway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulbare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulbare (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ulbare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inneqor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inneqor (de pagina bestaat niet)">Inneqor</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Outer</i> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soddo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soddo (de pagina bestaat niet)">Soddo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goggot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goggot (de pagina bestaat niet)">Goggot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muher (de pagina bestaat niet)">Muher</a></li></ul></li> <li>West-Gurage-talen <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masqan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masqan (de pagina bestaat niet)">Masqan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ezha (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ezha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gura (de pagina bestaat niet)">Gura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gyeto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gyeto (de pagina bestaat niet)">Gyeto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ennemor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ennemor (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ennemor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endegen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endegen (de pagina bestaat niet)">Endegen</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oud-Zuid-Arabische&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oud-Zuid-Arabische (de pagina bestaat niet)">Oud-Zuid-Arabische</a> talen—uitgestorven <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabees (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sabees</a>—uitgestorven</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minees (de pagina bestaat niet)">Minees</a>—uitgestorven</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatabaans" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatabaans">Qatabaans</a>—uitgestorven</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadramitisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadramitisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Hadramitisch</a>—uitgestorven</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oostelijk">Oostelijk</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Oostelijk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oostelijk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soqotri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soqotri (de pagina bestaat niet)">Soqotri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehri (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mehri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jibbali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jibbali (de pagina bestaat niet)">Jibbali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harsusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harsusi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Harsusi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bathari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bathari (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bathari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hobyot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hobyot (de pagina bestaat niet)">Hobyot</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gedeelde_kenmerken">Gedeelde kenmerken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gedeelde kenmerken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gedeelde kenmerken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deze talen laten allemaal een patroon van woorden bestaande uit drie <a href="/wiki/Medeklinker" title="Medeklinker">medeklinkers</a> zien, met klinkerveranderingen, voorvoegsels en achtervoegsel om ze te verbuigen. Bijvoorbeeld in het Hebreeuws: </p> <dl><dd><i>gdl</i> betekent "groot" <i>geen woordklasse of woord, enkel een stam</i></dd> <dd><i>gadol</i> betekent "groot" en is een mannelijk bijvoeglijk naamwoord</dd> <dd><i>gdola</i> betekent "groot" (vrouwelijk bijvoeglijk naamwoord)</dd> <dd><i>gadal</i> betekent "hij groeide" (onovergankelijk werkwoord)</dd> <dd><i>giddel</i> betekent "hij doet groeien" (overgankelijk werkwoord)</dd> <dd><i>higdil</i> betekent "hij vergrootte" (overgankelijk werkwoord)</dd> <dd><i>magdelet</i> betekent "vergroter" (<a href="/wiki/Lens_(optica)" title="Lens (optica)">lens</a>)</dd></dl> <dl><dd><i>spr</i> is de stam voor "tellen" of "vertellen"</dd> <dd><i>sefer</i> betekent "boek" (bevat verhalen die verteld worden) (' f ' en ' p ' worden in het Hebreeuws door dezelfde letter weergegeven)</dd> <dd><i>sofer</i> betekent "schrijver" (Masoretische schrijvers vertelden verzen) of "hij telt"</dd> <dd><i>mispar</i> betekent "getal".</dd></dl> <p>Vele stammen worden gedeeld door meer dan een Semitische taal. Bijvoorbeeld, de stam <i>ktb</i>, een stam die "schrijven" betekent, bestaat zowel in het Hebreeuws als in het Arabisch ("hij schreef" wordt <i>katav</i> in het Hebreeuws en <i>kataba</i> in Klassiek Arabisch) (ook hier: ' v ' en ' b ' worden door dezelfde letter weergegeven in het Hebreeuws. Vgl. <i>mazel tov</i> en <i>mazzal tob</i>). </p><p>De volgende lijst laat een aantal equivalente woorden zien in Semitische talen. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Akkadisch" title="Akkadisch">Akkadisch</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Aramees" title="Aramees">Aramees</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hebreeuws" title="Hebreeuws">Hebreeuws</a> </th> <th>Nederlandse vertaling </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>zikaru</i> </td> <td><i>dikro</i> </td> <td><i>ḏakar</i> </td> <td><i>zåḵår</i> </td> <td>mannelijk </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>maliku</i> </td> <td><i>malko</i> </td> <td><i>malik</i> </td> <td><i>mĕlĕḵ</i> </td> <td>koning </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>imêru</i> </td> <td><i>ḥamaro</i> </td> <td><i>ḥimār</i> </td> <td><i>ḥămōr</i> </td> <td>ezel </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>erṣetu</i> </td> <td><i>ʔarʿā</i> </td> <td><i>ʔarḍ</i> </td> <td><i>ʔĕrĕṣ</i> </td> <td>land, aarde </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Andere <a href="/wiki/Afro-Aziatische_talen" title="Afro-Aziatische talen">Afro-Aziatische talen</a> laten vergelijkbare patronen zien, maar meestal met stammen bestaande uit slechts twee medeklinkers. In bijvoorbeeld het <a href="/wiki/Kabylisch" title="Kabylisch">Kabylisch</a> betekent <i>afeg</i> "vlieg!", terwijl <i>affug</i> "vlucht" betekent, en <i>yufeg</i> "hij vloog". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verschillende_kenmerken">Verschillende kenmerken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verschillende kenmerken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitische_talen&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verschillende kenmerken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sommige stammen variëren tussen de verschillende Semitische talen. De stam <i>b-y-ḍ</i> betekent bijvoorbeeld zowel "wit" als "ei" in het Arabisch, terwijl het in het Hebreeuws alleen "ei" betekent. De stam <i>l-b-n</i> betekent "melk" in het Arabisch, maar "wit" in het Hebreeuws.</li> <li>Vanzelfsprekend is er soms geen relatie tussen de stammen. Bijvoorbeeld, "kennis"' wordt in het Hebreeuws gepresenteerd met de stam <i>y-d-ʿ</i> maar in het Arabisch met de stammen <i>ʿ-r-f</i> en <i>ʿ-l-m</i>.</li> <li>De oud-semitische klank [p] bleef behouden in de noordelijke groep, in de zuidelijke groep evolueerde deze klank tot [f].</li> <li>In de Noord-Semitische talen worden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gezond_meervoud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gezond meervoud (de pagina bestaat niet)">gezonde meervouden</a> gebruikt, dat wil zeggen dat de structuur van het woord behouden blijft, en dat het <a href="/wiki/Meervoud_(taal)" title="Meervoud (taal)">meervoud</a> gevormd wordt door het toevoegen van een <a href="/wiki/Achtervoegsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Achtervoegsel">achtervoegsel</a>. In de Zuid-Semitische talen daarentegen overheersen de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gebroken_meervoud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gebroken meervoud (de pagina bestaat niet)">gebroken (interne) meervouden</a>. Hierbij verandert de interne klankstructuur van het woord wel bij het vormen van een meervoud, daarom wordt er geen achtervoegsel meer aan toegevoegd.</li> <li>De [w] in het Zuid-Semitisch is in het Noord-Semitisch een [y]. Bv.: "jongen": [walad] (<a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a>) en [yeled] (<a href="/wiki/Hebreeuws" title="Hebreeuws">Hebreeuws</a>).</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/534171/Semitic-languages">Semitic languages</a>, Britannica.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Zuckermann, Ghil'ad</a> (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200816120017/http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/58082"><i>Burning Issues in Afro-Asiatic Linguistics</i></a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Semitic_languages#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Semitic languages">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; 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