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id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Frater" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Frater" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Frater" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Frater" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anggota_ordo_mendikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anggota_ordo_mendikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Anggota ordo mendikan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anggota_ordo_mendikan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Anggota ordo mendikan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anggota_ordo_mendikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tarekat-tarekat_besar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarekat-tarekat_besar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Tarekat-tarekat besar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarekat-tarekat_besar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarekat-tarekat_kecil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarekat-tarekat_kecil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Tarekat-tarekat kecil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarekat-tarekat_kecil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calon_imam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calon_imam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Calon imam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calon_imam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frater</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 31 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaire" title="Flaire – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Flaire" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frer" title="Frer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayle" title="Prayle – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Prayle" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frare" title="Frare – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frare" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frate" title="Frate – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Frate" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6gbroder" title="Lægbroder – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lægbroder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordensbruder" title="Ordensbruder – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ordensbruder" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A4" title="Frä – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Frä" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friar" title="Friar – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Friar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraile" title="Fraile – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fraile" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerjusmunk" title="Kerjusmunk – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kerjusmunk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraide" title="Fraide – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fraide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="برادر روحانی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برادر روحانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A1thair_bocht" title="Bráthair bocht – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bráthair bocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BD" title="Ֆրաիլես – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրաիլես" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayle" title="Prayle – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Prayle" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frate" title="Frate – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frate" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%81%EB%B0%9C%EC%88%98%EB%8F%84%EC%82%AC" title="탁발수도사 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탁발수도사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frater_(religiosus)" title="Frater (religiosus) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Frater (religiosus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraa" title="Fraa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fraa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frater_(religieus)" title="Frater (religieus) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frater (religieus)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakonnik" title="Zakonnik – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zakonnik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frade" title="Frade – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friar" title="Friar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Friar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1ter" title="Fráter – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fráter" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fra" title="Fra – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradha" title="Bradha – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bradha" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ไฟรเออร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฟรเออร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frer" title="Frer – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Frer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_(%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C)" title="Брат (чернець) – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Брат (чернець)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E5%A3%AB" title="修士 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="修士" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q548320#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frater" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan:Frater&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi (halaman belum tersedia) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frater"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frater"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Frater" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Frater" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&oldid=23903266" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Frater&id=23903266&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Agustinos_Recoletos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Agustinos_Recoletos.jpg/170px-Agustinos_Recoletos.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Agustinos_Recoletos.jpg/255px-Agustinos_Recoletos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Agustinos_Recoletos.jpg/340px-Agustinos_Recoletos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Sekelompok frater; para novis <i>Ordo Augustinianorum Recollectorum</i> di biara Marcilla, <a href="/wiki/Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Frater</b> adalah sebutan bagi anggota <a href="/wiki/Ordo_mendikan" title="Ordo mendikan">tarekat/ordo mendikan</a> yang terbentuk pada abad ke-12 atau ke-13. Sesuai dengan pengertiannya, frater dicirikan dengan hidup memiskinkan diri dan berkelana. Kegiatan para frater dijalankan di bawah yurisdiksi seorang <a href="/wiki/Superior_jenderal" title="Superior jenderal">superior jenderal</a>, dari sikap setia pada satu <a href="/wiki/Biara_(tempat_tinggal)" title="Biara (tempat tinggal)">biara</a> tertentu yang menjadi ciri khas <a href="/wiki/Monastisisme" title="Monastisisme">ordo monastik</a> lama dan yang diresmikan melalui kaul stabilitas. Tarekat-tarekat fakir yang terkemuka adalah <a href="/wiki/Dominikan" title="Dominikan">Dominikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fransiskan" title="Fransiskan">Fransiskan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agustinian" title="Agustinian">Agustinian</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Karmelit" title="Karmelit">Karmelit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, istilah <b>frater</b> juga merujuk pada orang-orang yang menjalani pendidikan dan pembinaan di <a href="/wiki/Seminari" title="Seminari">seminari tinggi</a> untuk mempersiapkan diri menjadi <a href="/wiki/Imamat_dalam_Gereja_Katolik" title="Imamat dalam Gereja Katolik">imam Gereja Katolik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Etimologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Etimologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istilah <i>frater</i> dalam bahasa Indonesia berasal dari kata <i>frater</i> (saudara) dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>, yang banyak digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Baru" title="Perjanjian Baru">Alkitab Perjanjian Baru</a> bahasa Latin sebagai sebutan bagi angota-anggota jemaat Kristen. Padanan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Spanyol" title="Bahasa Spanyol">bahasa Spanyol</a> untuk istilah ini adalah <i>"Fray"</i>, yang kadang-kadang digunakan sebagai gelar di wilayah-wilayah bekas jajahan Spanyol seperti <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat_Barat_Daya" title="Amerika Serikat Barat Daya">kawasan barat daya Amerika Serikat</a>, misalnya <a href="/wiki/Fray_Juan_de_Torquemada" title="Fray Juan de Torquemada">Fray Juan de Torquemada</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anggota_ordo_mendikan">Anggota ordo mendikan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Anggota ordo mendikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Anggota ordo mendikan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frater boleh saja berasal dari kalangan <a href="/wiki/Rohaniwan" title="Rohaniwan">rohaniwan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uskup" title="Uskup">uskup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Diaken" title="Diaken">diakon</a>) maupun <a href="/wiki/Bruder" title="Bruder">bruder</a>. Oleh karena itu, istilah frater berbeda dari istilah <a href="/wiki/Rahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahib">biarawan</a>. Frater terpanggil untuk menjalankan nasihat Injil (kaul kemiskinan, kemurnian, dan ketaatan) sambil berbakti bagi masyarakat, bukan dengan <a href="/wiki/Asketisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Asketisme">bertarak</a> dan beribadat dalam <a href="/wiki/Klausura" title="Klausura">keterkucilan</a>. Jika para rahib hidup dalam paguyuban swasembada, maka para frater berkarya di tengah-tengah masyarakat awam dan hidup dari derma atau sumbangsih lain.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seorang rahib atau rubiah mengikrarkan kaul-kaulnya dan mengikatkan diri pada suatu paguyuban tertentu di suatu tempat tertentu. Para frater mengikatkan diri pada suatu paguyuban yang tersebar dalam lingkup geografis yang lebih luas yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_gerejawi" title="Provinsi gerejawi">provinsi</a>, dan oleh karena itu lazim berpindah-pindah tempat tinggal, dari satu wisma paguyuban ke wisma paguyuban yang lain dalam lingkup provinsi mereka. </p><p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a>, ada dua golongan tarekat para frater atau tarekat fakir: empat "tarekat besar" dan "tarekat-tarekat kecil". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tarekat-tarekat_besar">Tarekat-tarekat besar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Tarekat-tarekat besar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tarekat-tarekat besar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Empat tarekat besar dibahas dalam <a href="/wiki/Konsili_Lyon_II" title="Konsili Lyon II">Konsili Lyon II</a> (1274), yakni: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Karmelit" title="Karmelit">Karmelit</a></b>, didirikan <i><a href="/wiki/Circa" title="Circa">ca.</a></i> 1155.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tarekat ini juga terkenal dengan julukan "Frater-Frater Putih" karena mengenakan mantel putih menutupi habit cokelat mereka. Tarekat ini mendapat persetujuan <a href="/wiki/Takhta_Suci" title="Takhta Suci">Takhta Suci</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Paus_Honorius_III" title="Paus Honorius III">Paus Honorius III</a> pada 1226 dan kelak juga dari <a href="/wiki/Paus_Innosensius_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Paus Innosensius IV">Paus Inosensius IV</a> pada 1247. Tarekat Karmelit didirikan murni sebagai sebuah tarekat kontemplatif, tetapi kelak menjadi tarekat fakir pada 1245. Ada dua golongan dalam tarekat Karmelit, yakni golongan penganut tatanan kuno (O.Carm.) dan golongan <a href="/wiki/Karmelit_Tak_Berkasut" title="Karmelit Tak Berkasut">Karmelit Tak Berkasut</a> (O.C.D.), yang didirikan oleh Santa Teresa dari Avila pada abad ke-16.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Friars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Friars.jpg/220px-Friars.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Friars.jpg/330px-Friars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Friars.jpg/440px-Friars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1204" /></a><figcaption>Frater-frater Fransiskan Konventual mengenakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Habit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Habit (halaman belum tersedia)">habit</a> abu-abu</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Fransiskan" title="Fransiskan">Fransiskan</a></b>, didirikan pada 1209. Tarekat ini juga terkenal dengan julukan "Saudara-Saudara Hina Dina". Tarekat Fransiskan didirikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Fransiskus_dari_Assisi" title="Fransiskus dari Assisi">Santo Fransiskus dari Asisi</a> dan mendapat persetujuan Takhta Suci dari <a href="/wiki/Paus_Innosensius_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Paus Innosensius III">Paus Inosensius III</a> pada 1209 dan pengukuhan resmi Takhta Suci dari <a href="/wiki/Paus_Honorius_III" title="Paus Honorius III">Paus Honorius III</a> pada 1223. Kini tarekat saudara-saudara hina dina terbagi menjadi tiga cabang tarekat: Tarekat Saudara-Saudara Dina (berjubah cokelat), <a href="/wiki/Ordo_Saudara_Dina_Kapusin" title="Ordo Saudara Dina Kapusin">Tarekat Saudara-Saudara Dina Kapusin</a> (berjubah cokelat dengan tudung lancip), dan <a href="/wiki/Konventual" title="Konventual">Tarekat Saudara-Saudara Dina Konventual</a> (berjubah abu-abu atau hitam).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dominikan" title="Dominikan">Dominikan</a></b>, didirikan <i>ca.</i> 1216. Tarekat ini juga terkenal dengan julukan "Frater-Frater Pengkhotbah", atau "Frater-Frater Hitam", karena mengenakan mantel (<i>cappa</i>) hitam menutupi habit putih mereka. Tarekat Dominikan didirikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Dominikus" title="Dominikus">Santo Dominikus</a> dan mendapat persetujuan Takhta Suci dari <a href="/wiki/Paus_Honorius_III" title="Paus Honorius III">Paus Honorius III</a> pada 1216 sebagai <i>"Ordo Praedicatorum"</i> (Tarekat Pewarta) yang mengikuti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regula_Santo_Agustinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regula Santo Agustinus (halaman belum tersedia)">Regula Santo Agustinus</a>. Tarekat ini menjadi tarekat <a href="/wiki/Ordo_mendikan" title="Ordo mendikan">fakir</a> pada 1221.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Agustinian" title="Agustinian">Agustinian</a></b>, didirikan pada 1244 ("Serikat Kecil") dan diperbesar pada 1256 ("Serikat Besar"). Tarekat ini juga terkenal dengan julukan "Petapa-Petapa Santo Agustinus", atau "Frater-Frater Agustin". Regula tarekat ini didasarkan pada karya-karya tulis <a href="/wiki/Agustinus_dari_Hippo" title="Agustinus dari Hippo">Santo Agustinus dari Hipo</a>. Tarekat Agustinian dibentuk dari gabungan bermacam-macam paguyuban petapa sebagai sebuah tarekat fakir oleh Paus Inosensius IV pada 1244 (Serikat Kecil). Paguyuban-paguyuban lain digabungkan ke dalam tarekat ini oleh <a href="/wiki/Paus_Aleksander_IV" title="Paus Aleksander IV">Paus Aleksander IV</a> pada 1256 (Serikat Besar).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tarekat-tarekat_kecil">Tarekat-tarekat kecil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Tarekat-tarekat kecil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tarekat-tarekat kecil"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ada berbagai tarekat kecil, antara lain: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Salib_Suci" title="Ordo Salib Suci">Tarekat Salib Suci</a> yang mendapat persetujuan lisan dari <a href="/wiki/Paus_Innosensius_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Paus Innosensius III">Paus Innosensius III</a> pada 3 Mei 1210, dan persetujuan resmi dari <a href="/wiki/Paus_Innosensius_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Paus Innosensius IV">Paus Innosensius IV</a> pada 1248.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmelit_Tak_Berkasut" title="Karmelit Tak Berkasut">Tarekat Karmelit Tak Berkasut</a>, didirikan pada 1568.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calon_imam">Calon imam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Calon imam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Calon imam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istilah frater juga digunakan untuk menyebut "calon imam", atau orang-orang yang sedang menjalani pendidikan di <a href="/wiki/Seminari" title="Seminari">seminari</a> tinggi untuk menjadi <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a> Gereja Katolik, baik <a href="/wiki/Projo" class="mw-redirect" title="Projo">imam diosesan</a> maupun imam tarekat. Untuk menjadi imam, seorang frater harus menempuh sekurang-kurangnya delapan tahun pendidikan dan pelatihan, ditambah seorang frater harus <a href="/wiki/Penahbisan" title="Penahbisan">ditahbiskan</a> sebagai <a href="/wiki/Diaken" title="Diaken">diakon</a> terlebih dahulu. Terdapat enam tahapan yang harus dilalui oleh frater untuk dapat <a href="/wiki/Penahbisan" title="Penahbisan">ditahbiskan</a> menjadi imam.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Orientasi rohani. Para frater mempelajari segala hal mengenai <a href="/wiki/Kerohanian" title="Kerohanian">kerohanian</a> Katolik, sehingga mereka terlatih untuk hidup rohani. Masa orientasi ini dijalani oleh frater sekurang-kurangnya satu tahun di seminari tinggi.</li> <li>Pendidikan sarjana. Para frater berkuliah di <a href="/wiki/Perguruan_tinggi" title="Perguruan tinggi">perguruan tinggi</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Mahasiswa" title="Mahasiswa">mahasiswa</a> <a href="/wiki/Sarjana" title="Sarjana">sarjana</a> pada umumnya, dengan waktu untuk menyelesaikan studi kira-kira empat tahun. Pada umumnya, mereka dituntut untuk mengambil jurusan <a href="/wiki/Filsafat" title="Filsafat">filsafat</a> atau sejenisnya.</li> <li>Orientasi pastoral. Para frater ditugaskan untuk melayani di tempat-tempat tertentu yang ditunjuk oleh keuskupan atau tarekat yang diikuti. Para frater menyelesaikan orientasi ini dalam waktu sekurang-kurangnya satu tuhan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendidikan_pascasarjana" title="Pendidikan pascasarjana">Pendidikan pascasarjana</a>. Para frater mengambil program pascasarjana, sekurang-kurangnya program <a href="/wiki/Doktor" title="Doktor">doktoral</a>, seperti mahasiswa pascasarjana pada umumnya, dengan waktu untuk menyelesaikan studi kira-kira dua tahun. Sangat disarankan bagi para frater untuk mengambil program studi <a href="/wiki/Teologi" title="Teologi">teologi</a> atau sejenisnya.</li> <li>Pendidikan pastoral atau pradiakonat. Para frater ditugaskan untuk melayani di dalam <a href="/wiki/Keuskupan" title="Keuskupan">keuskupan</a> atau di dalam provinsi dari tarekat masing-masing, umumnya pada suatu <a href="/wiki/Paroki" title="Paroki">paroki</a>. Para frater juga menjadi calon diakon yang mempersiapkan diri untuk menerima tahbisan diakonat. Para frater menempuh pendidikan ini selama sekurang-kurangnya setahun.</li> <li>Tahbisan diakonat. Frater yang sudah siap kemudian ditahbiskan menjadi <a href="/wiki/Diaken" title="Diaken">diakon</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Uskup" title="Uskup">uskup</a>. Setelah itu, para diakon ditugaskan untuk melayani paroki tertentu selama sekurang-kurangnya enam bulan sebelum diizinkan untuk menerima <a href="/wiki/Imamat_kudus" title="Imamat kudus">tahbisan imamat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruder" title="Bruder">Bruder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dervish" class="mw-redirect" title="Dervish">Dervish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biksu" title="Biksu">Biksu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frater&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stravinskas, Peter M.J., ed. (April 1, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/catholicdictiona0000unse_t2e9"><i>Catholic Dictionary, Revised</i></a>. Huntington, Ind.: Our Friday Visitor. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0879733902" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0879733902">978-0879733902</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+Dictionary%2C+Revised&rft.place=Huntington%2C+Ind.&rft.pub=Our+Friday+Visitor&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.isbn=978-0879733902&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcatholicdictiona0000unse_t2e9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFrater" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> Arti kata <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/Frater">Frater</a></i> dalam situs web <a href="/wiki/Kamus_Besar_Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia">Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia</a> oleh <i><a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengembangan_dan_Pembinaan_Bahasa" title="Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa">Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Pendidikan,_Kebudayaan,_Riset,_dan_Teknologi_Republik_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia">Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Friar" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Friar">Catholic encyclopedia entry for "friar"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03354a.htm">"The Carmelite Order"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000816080821/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03354a.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2000-08-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Carmelite+Order&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F03354a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFrater" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asumsi.co/post/56596/pembuktian-keimanan-siswa-sekolah-kepastoran/">"Perjalanan Panjang Pendidikan Menjadi Pastor"</a>. <i>Asumsi</i>. 2022-06-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230521044425/https://www.asumsi.co/post/56596/pembuktian-keimanan-siswa-sekolah-kepastoran/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asumsi&rft.atitle=Perjalanan+Panjang+Pendidikan+Menjadi+Pastor&rft.date=2022-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asumsi.co%2Fpost%2F56596%2Fpembuktian-keimanan-siswa-sekolah-kepastoran%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFrater" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://video.kompasiana.com/andreasanggit4342/5dc507a3097f366f1961f822/terbongkar-inilah-tahapan-untuk-menjadi-imam-gereja-katolik">"Salinan arsip"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230521044423/https://video.kompasiana.com/andreasanggit4342/5dc507a3097f366f1961f822/terbongkar-inilah-tahapan-untuk-menjadi-imam-gereja-katolik">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salinan+arsip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvideo.kompasiana.com%2Fandreasanggit4342%2F5dc507a3097f366f1961f822%2Fterbongkar-inilah-tahapan-untuk-menjadi-imam-gereja-katolik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFrater" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Hariyadi, Mathias (2018-08-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sesawi.net/tahbisan-diakon-dan-tahbisan-imam-di-gereja-st-yoseph-katedral-pontianak-4/">"Tahbisan Diakon dan Tahbisan Imam di Gereja St. Yoseph Katedral Pontianak (4) | SESAWI.NET"</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230521044439/https://www.sesawi.net/tahbisan-diakon-dan-tahbisan-imam-di-gereja-st-yoseph-katedral-pontianak-4/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tahbisan+Diakon+dan+Tahbisan+Imam+di+Gereja+St.+Yoseph+Katedral+Pontianak+%284%29+%7C+SESAWI.NET&rft.date=2018-08-05&rft.aulast=Hariyadi&rft.aufirst=Mathias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sesawi.net%2Ftahbisan-diakon-dan-tahbisan-imam-di-gereja-st-yoseph-katedral-pontianak-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFrater" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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