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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/27_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Bijen" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Bijen" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Bijen" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Bijen" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Voeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Voeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warmte_als_verdedigingsmiddel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warmte_als_verdedigingsmiddel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Warmte als verdedigingsmiddel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warmte_als_verdedigingsmiddel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bijensterfte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bijensterfte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bijensterfte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bijensterfte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecologische_betekenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecologische_betekenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ecologische betekenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecologische_betekenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Educatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Taxonomie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voorkomen_in_Nederland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorkomen_in_Nederland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voorkomen in Nederland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorkomen_in_Nederland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bijen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 154 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-154" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">154 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/By" title="By – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="By" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bienen" title="Bienen – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bienen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A5" title="ንብ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ንብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthophila" title="Anthophila – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anthophila" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%93o" title="Bēo – Oudengels" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bēo" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Oudengels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akw%E1%BB%8D%E1%BB%8Dk" title="Akwọọk – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Akwọọk" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%84" title="نحل – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نحل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%95%DC%92%DC%AB%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܕܒܫܬܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܕܒܫܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%84" title="نحل – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نحل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%84" title="النحل – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="النحل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeya" title="Abeya – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Abeya" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amo_ka_wapisitc" title="Amo ka wapisitc – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Amo ka wapisitc" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0" title="На – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="На" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayrunq%27u" title="Wayrunq'u – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Wayrunq'u" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%B1" title="Arı – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бал ҡорттары – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бал ҡорттары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyawan" title="Nyawan – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Nyawan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%97t%C4%ABs" title="Bėtīs – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bėtīs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Пчолы – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пчолы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Пчолы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пчолы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Пчели – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пчели" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanyi" title="Wanyi – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Wanyi" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF" title="মৌমাছি – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মৌমাছি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="སྦྲང་མ། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྦྲང་མ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenan" title="Gwenan – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwenan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%8Dela" title="Pčela – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pčela" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Зүгы – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Зүгы" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B2fils" title="Antòfils – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antòfils" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Накхармозий – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Накхармозий" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putyokan" title="Putyokan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Putyokan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%B3" title="ᎦᏍᎪᏳ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏍᎪᏳ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1hnoma" title="Háhnoma – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Háhnoma" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ھەنگ – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەنگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balqurt" title="Balqurt – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Balqurt" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%8Dely" title="Včely – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Včely" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82-%D1%85%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%80" title="Хурт-хăмăр – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хурт-хăмăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenynen" title="Gwenynen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwenynen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bier_(Apiformes)" title="Bier (Apiformes) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bier (Apiformes)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia" title="Shia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Shia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bienen" title="Bienen – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bienen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C9%9B%CC%88c" title="Kiɛ̈c – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Kiɛ̈c" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Μέλισσα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέλισσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ev" title="Ev – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ev" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee" title="Bee – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bee" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelo" title="Abelo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthophila" title="Anthophila – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anthophila" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erle" title="Erle – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erle" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="زنبور عسل – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زنبور عسل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesipisti%C3%A4iset" title="Mesipistiäiset – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mesipistiäiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BD" title="Bý – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bý" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeille" title="Abeille – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abeille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82f" title="Âf – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Âf" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach" title="Beach – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Beach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seillean" title="Seillean – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Seillean" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abella" title="Abella – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Abella" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="سیفتال – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سیفتال" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiru" title="Eiru – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Eiru" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98udan_zuma" title="Ƙudan zuma – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ƙudan zuma" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%BBng-%C3%A9" title="Phûng-é – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Phûng-é" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="דבורים – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דבורים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhmakkhi" title="Madhmakkhi – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Madhmakkhi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthophila" title="Anthophila – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anthophila" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C3%A8y" title="Abèy – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Abèy" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մեղուներ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեղուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8" title="Մեղուները – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մեղուները" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebah" title="Lebah – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lebah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyokan" title="Uyokan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Uyokan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Нокхармозий – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Нокхармозий" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelo" title="Abelo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Abelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BDflugur" title="Býflugur – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Býflugur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthophila" title="Anthophila – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anthophila" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8A%E3%83%90%E3%83%81" title="ハナバチ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハナバチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ფუტკრები – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფუტკრები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1rre" title="Hárre – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Hárre" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tizizwit" title="Tizizwit – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tizizwit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%CA%8A" title="Tʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shwai" title="Shwai – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Shwai" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropa" title="Ropa – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Ropa" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Жабайы ара – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жабайы ара" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%BF%80%EB%B2%8C%EB%A5%98" title="꿀벌류 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="꿀벌류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8F%D9%84%D9%95%D8%B1" title="تُلٕر – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تُلٕر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AA%C5%9Fhingiv" title="Mêşhingiv – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mêşhingiv" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenenen" title="Gwenenen – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gwenenen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Аары – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthophila" title="Anthophila – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anthophila" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abea" title="Abea – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Abea" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_(tier)" title="Eva (tier) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Eva (tier)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit%C4%97s" title="Bitės – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bitės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bites" title="Bites – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bites" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawon" title="Tawon – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Tawon" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renitantely" title="Renitantely – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Renitantely" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%B1%D0%BA%D1%88" title="Мӱкш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мӱкш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Пчели – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пчели" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2" title="അന്തോഫില – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്തോഫില" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Зөгий – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зөгий" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebah" title="Lebah – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lebah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C4%A7la" title="Naħla – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Naħla" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပျား – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပျား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85" title="زرزم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زرزم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immen" title="Immen – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Immen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="मौरी – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मौरी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%C3%B6h%C3%B6" title="Faöhö – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Faöhö" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bie" title="Bie – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bier" title="Bier – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%ADs%CA%BCn%C3%A1" title="Tsísʼná – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsísʼná" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelha" title="Abelha – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Abelha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehil%C3%A4ine" title="Mehiläine – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Mehiläine" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9B%E0%AC%BF" title="ମହୁମାଛି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମହୁମାଛି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਭੌਰਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੌਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pszczo%C5%82y" title="Pszczoły – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pszczoły" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="مکھی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مکھی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelha" title="Abelha – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abelha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albin%C4%83" title="Albină – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Albină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alghin%C3%A2" title="Alghinâ – Aroemeens" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Alghinâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aroemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Пчёлы – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пчёлы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Пчолы – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пчолы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मधुमक्षिका – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मधुमक्षिका" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee" title="Bee – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bee" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="مکا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مکا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%8Dela" title="Pčela – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pčela" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tazzwit" title="Tazzwit – Tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tazzwit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee" title="Bee – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bee" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cebele" title="Čebele – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čebele" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuchi" title="Nyuchi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nyuchi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shini" title="Shini – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shini" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleta" title="Bleta – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bleta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Пчеле – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пчеле" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin" title="Bin – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuki" title="Nyuki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nyuki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="அந்தோபிலா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அந்தோபிலா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kkbayra" title="Kkbayra – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Kkbayra" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9A%E1%A5%AA%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B2" title="ᥚᥪᥒᥲ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥚᥪᥒᥲ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D3%AF%D1%80" title="Занбӯр – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Занбӯр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" title="ผึ้ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผึ้ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubuyog" title="Bubuyog – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bubuyog" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%B1" title="Arı – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%88_(%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%8B)" title="Муш (нымы-кибы) – Oedmoerts" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Муш (нымы-кибы)" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Oedmoerts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Бджоли – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бджоли" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="مکھی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مکھی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asalari" title="Asalari – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Asalari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezj%C3%A4i%C5%BEed" title="Mezjäižed – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mezjäižed" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ong" title="Ong – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ong" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bien" title="Bien – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bien" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moxhe_al_l%C3%A5me" title="Moxhe al låme – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Moxhe al låme" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyog" title="Buyog – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Buyog" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E6%97%8F" title="蜂族 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蜂族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B3" title="Зөг – Kalmuks" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Зөг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F" title="בין – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵣⵡⵉⵜ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵣⵡⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%82%E9%A1%9E" title="花蜂類 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="花蜂類" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phang" title="Phang – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phang" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%82" title="花蜂 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="花蜂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyosi" title="Inyosi – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inyosi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7391#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Pollinationn.jpg/399px-Pollinationn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Pollinationn.jpg/532px-Pollinationn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="1292" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0; font-size:85%">Een <a href="/wiki/Honingbij" title="Honingbij">honingbij</a> (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) bestuift een bloem. </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #f5d0d6; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomie_(biologie)" title="Taxonomie (biologie)">Taxonomische indeling</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie)">Rijk</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie)">Animalia</a> (Dieren)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Stam_(biologie)" title="Stam (biologie)">Stam</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Geleedpotigen" title="Geleedpotigen">Arthropoda</a> (Geleedpotigen)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Klasse_(biologie)" title="Klasse (biologie)">Klasse</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Insecten" title="Insecten">Insecta</a> (Insecten)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Orde_(biologie)" title="Orde (biologie)">Orde</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Vliesvleugeligen" title="Vliesvleugeligen">Hymenoptera</a> (Vliesvleugeligen)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Onderorde" title="Onderorde">Onderorde</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Apocrita" title="Apocrita">Apocrita</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Superfamilie_(biologie)" title="Superfamilie (biologie)">Superfamilie</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Apoidea" title="Apoidea">Apoidea</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #f5d0d6; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;">n.v.t. </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center"><b>Anthophila</b><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Latreille</a></small><small>, 1802</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #f5d0d6; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;" colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><small><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anthophila" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Anthophila">Afbeeldingen</a> op</small> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #f5d0d6; color:inherit;" colspan="2"> <table style="margin:0 auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Biologie" title="Portaal:Biologie">Biologie</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Insecten" title="Portaal:Insecten">Insecten</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Andrena_personata,_f,_md,_eastern_neck_nwr,_side_2015-05-26-05.52.54_ZS_PMax_(18042715968).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Andrena_personata%2C_f%2C_md%2C_eastern_neck_nwr%2C_side_2015-05-26-05.52.54_ZS_PMax_%2818042715968%29.jpg/260px-Andrena_personata%2C_f%2C_md%2C_eastern_neck_nwr%2C_side_2015-05-26-05.52.54_ZS_PMax_%2818042715968%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Andrena_personata%2C_f%2C_md%2C_eastern_neck_nwr%2C_side_2015-05-26-05.52.54_ZS_PMax_%2818042715968%29.jpg/390px-Andrena_personata%2C_f%2C_md%2C_eastern_neck_nwr%2C_side_2015-05-26-05.52.54_ZS_PMax_%2818042715968%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Andrena_personata%2C_f%2C_md%2C_eastern_neck_nwr%2C_side_2015-05-26-05.52.54_ZS_PMax_%2818042715968%29.jpg/520px-Andrena_personata%2C_f%2C_md%2C_eastern_neck_nwr%2C_side_2015-05-26-05.52.54_ZS_PMax_%2818042715968%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4242" data-file-height="3276" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Andrena_personata" title="Andrena personata">Andrena personata</a></i>, uit een collectie.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Anthophora_bimaculata_-_Jasione_montana_-_Tallinn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Anthophora_bimaculata_-_Jasione_montana_-_Tallinn.jpg/260px-Anthophora_bimaculata_-_Jasione_montana_-_Tallinn.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Anthophora_bimaculata_-_Jasione_montana_-_Tallinn.jpg/390px-Anthophora_bimaculata_-_Jasione_montana_-_Tallinn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Anthophora_bimaculata_-_Jasione_montana_-_Tallinn.jpg/520px-Anthophora_bimaculata_-_Jasione_montana_-_Tallinn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2276" data-file-height="1707" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kleine_sachembij" title="Kleine sachembij">Kleine sachembij</a> (<i>Anthophora bimaculata</i>) op <a href="/wiki/Zandblauwtje" title="Zandblauwtje">zandblauwtje</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bijen</b> (Anthophila) zijn een groep van <a href="/wiki/Insecten" title="Insecten">insecten</a> die behoren tot de <a href="/wiki/Orde_(biologie)" title="Orde (biologie)">orde</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Vliesvleugeligen" title="Vliesvleugeligen">vliesvleugeligen</a> (Hymenoptera). Bijen zijn vooral bekend om de <a href="/wiki/Honing" title="Honing">honing</a> die de <a href="/wiki/Honingbij" title="Honingbij">honingbij</a> maakt. Bijen verschillen van de meeste andere (<a href="/wiki/Carnivoor" title="Carnivoor">vleesetende</a>) vliesvleugeligen door het dieet van <a href="/wiki/Nectar_(plant)" title="Nectar (plant)">nectar</a> en <a href="/wiki/Stuifmeel" title="Stuifmeel">stuifmeel</a>. Ook de larven leven hiervan. Biologisch gezien vormen de bijen echter géén aparte groep. Alle soorten bijen behoren tot de superfamilie <a href="/wiki/Apoidea" title="Apoidea">Apoidea</a>, waartoe ook alle <a href="/wiki/Graafwespen" title="Graafwespen">graafwespen</a> behoren. </p><p>Slechts enkele bijensoorten leven in volken maar er zijn vele soorten <a href="/wiki/Solitaire_bij" title="Solitaire bij">solitaire bijen</a>. Tegenwoordig zijn er circa 20.000 bijensoorten beschreven, hoewel het eigenlijke aantal waarschijnlijk hoger ligt. Bijen komen voor op ieder continent, met uitzondering van <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, in alle ecosystemen waarin <a href="/wiki/Tweezaadlobbigen" title="Tweezaadlobbigen">tweezaadlobbige</a> planten groeien. Men onderscheidt onder andere <a href="/wiki/Eusocialiteit" title="Eusocialiteit">eusociale</a> bijen en solitaire bijen. <a href="/wiki/Hommels" title="Hommels">Hommels</a> behoren ook tot de bijen, ze kunnen beschouwd worden als bijen met een langere beharing, waardoor ze in koelere streken kunnen overleven. </p><p>Bijen behoren tot de Anthophila, een groep die geen <a href="/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie">rang</a> heeft en onder de rang van <a href="/wiki/Superfamilie_(biologie)" title="Superfamilie (biologie)">superfamilie</a> geplaatst is. Anthophila betekent 'bloemenliefhebber'. Een verouderde naam is Apiformes, dat 'bijachtigen' betekent. </p><p>Door <a href="/wiki/Imker" title="Imker">imkers</a> worden <a href="/wiki/Honingbijen" title="Honingbijen">honingbijen</a> gehouden (apicultuur) voor de productie van <a href="/wiki/Honing" title="Honing">honing</a> en in de <a href="/wiki/Fruitteelt" title="Fruitteelt">fruitteelt</a> voor de bevruchting van bloesem. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voeding">Voeding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voeding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voeding"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bijen leven van nectar, van het stuifmeel van <a href="/wiki/Bloem_(plant)" title="Bloem (plant)">bloemen</a> en van andere zoete afscheidingen zoals <a href="/wiki/Honingdauw" title="Honingdauw">honingdauw</a>. De honing is de overwinteringsvoeding voor de honingbijen. De larven worden grootgebracht met voedersappen. Voedersappen worden door voedsterbijen geproduceerd en zijn een mengsel van eiwitrijke lichaamseigen afscheidingen van de voedersapklieren, nectar en stuifmeel. </p><p>Honing is voor de bijen hun wintervoorraad. Imkers nemen deze (deels) weg en geven de bijen daarvoor suikerwater als voedsel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Warmte_als_verdedigingsmiddel">Warmte als verdedigingsmiddel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Warmte als verdedigingsmiddel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Warmte als verdedigingsmiddel"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Honingbijen kunnen hun borststuk of middensegment warmte laten uitstralen door de vliegspieren heel snel te laten trillen. Wanneer twaalf of meer bijen dit tegelijk doen, verhoogt dit de omgevingstemperatuur significant. Honingbijen gebruiken dit als verdedigingsmiddel tegen onder andere <a href="/wiki/Hoornaars" title="Hoornaars">hoornaars</a>. Dat zijn roodogige wespen die tot 4 cm lang kunnen worden. Hoornaars zijn groter en sterker dan een enkele honingbij en kunnen kleinere insecten gemakkelijk met hun krachtige kaken verscheuren. Bij aanhoudende aanvallen door hoornaars zwermen steeds meer bijen samen bij de ingang van hun nest. Zodra dan een hoornaar te dichtbij komt wordt deze door een groep bijen besprongen. De bijen bedekken gezamenlijk de hoornaar en laten hun vliegspieren dan razendsnel trillen om warmte te genereren. Hierdoor stijgt de lichaamstemperatuur van de hoornaar tot het punt dat deze bezwijkt door de hitte. De bijen die in het binnenste van zo'n 'warmteval' om de hoornaar zitten offeren zichzelf daarbij soms op ter bescherming van de kolonie.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bijensterfte">Bijensterfte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bijensterfte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bijensterfte"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Onverklaarde <a href="/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder" title="Colony collapse disorder">bijensterfte</a> wordt sinds het begin van de eenentwintigste eeuw gezien als een serieuze bedreiging voor het <a href="/wiki/Milieu" title="Milieu">milieu</a>. Daarnaast is een derde van de levensmiddelen die mensen veel consumeren, zoals appels, tomaten, aardbeien en koffie, mede afhankelijk van de bestuiving door bijen.<sup id="cite_ref-wib_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Men denkt dat de bijensterfte ontstaat door een combinatie van de volgende vier factoren: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mijten" title="Mijten">Mijten</a>: besmetting door de <a href="/wiki/Varroamijt" title="Varroamijt">varroamijt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acariose" title="Acariose">acariose</a>) kan ertoe leiden dat een bij sterft.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesticiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesticiden">Pesticiden</a>: bepaalde bestrijdingsmiddelen die veel worden gebruikt in de landbouw kunnen bijen verzwakken, desoriënteren en bij grote hoeveelheden fataal zijn.</li> <li>Eenzijdig voedselaanbod: op het platteland zijn steeds meer grote akkers met dezelfde soorten gewassen. Bij steeds meer gebrek aan biodiversiteit wordt het voor bijen moeilijker om aan gevarieerd voedsel te komen.</li> <li>Slecht weer: kou vanwege strenge winter kan leiden tot 40% bijensterfte binnen een kolonie.<sup id="cite_ref-wib_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Het fenomeen heeft verschillende symptomen die bij de stervende bijen te zien waren: </p> <ul><li>Het slinkende of bijna gehele verlies van de volwassen bijen, met weinig tot geen dode bijen rondom de bijenkorf.</li> <li>Een disproportioneel hoge hoeveelheid jonge bijen.</li> <li>Terughoudendheid van de afnemende koloniën om het voedsel van de imker te consumeren.</li> <li>De terughoudendheid van de naburige bijen om de kolonie te beroven zodra deze dood is.</li></ul> <p>De bijen met deze aandoening in de VS zijn meerdere keren positief getest op verschillende ziekteverwekkende stoffen, inclusief virussen. De oorzaak van deze ziekte is tot op heden nog onbekend, maar heeft al geresulteerd in het verlies van 50 tot 90% van de bijenkolonies in de Verenigde Staten<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Het blijkt dat sommige bijensoorten, waaronder hommels (<i><a href="/wiki/Bombus_terrestris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombus terrestris">Bombus terrestris</a></i>), aan de hand van elektrostatische lading van bloemen kunnen zien of deze vers zijn, of net bezocht.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het zou daarom ook kunnen dat elektromagnetische velden (EMV) voor mobiele telefonie en dataverkeer van invloed zijn op het oriëntatievermogen van bijen en mede daardoor op eventuele sterfte. Hierover is nog niet veel bekend.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uit een klein steekproefonderzoek door onderzoekers van de Wageningen Universiteit bleek over het algemeen weinig verschil tussen de bijen die aan EMV waren blootgesteld en bijen die dat niet waren. Wel was in de winter de bijensterfte bij de aan EMV blootgestelde volken groter dan de volken die van EMV waren afgeschermd, maar vanwege de kleinschaligheid van het steekproefonderzoek kunnen hier nog geen conclusies aan worden verbonden.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Een voorbeeld van de pesticiden die een deel van de bijensterfte voor haar rekening neemt betreffen de zogeheten <a href="/wiki/Neonicotino%C3%AFde" title="Neonicotinoïde">neonicotinoïden</a>. Zaden van gewassen worden ondergedompeld in deze pesticiden om de zaden te beschermen tegen insectenvraat. Resten van de neonicotinoïden komen echter in de grond en in het grondwater, en niet alleen insecten die een gevaar vormen voor de gewassen worden erdoor gedood, maar ook <a href="/wiki/Vlinders" title="Vlinders">vlinders</a> en bijen. Ook voor zover deze pesticiden niet direct dodelijk zijn hopen deze zich op in de organismen die ze direct of indirect binnenkrijgen, omdat neonicotinoïden zich onomkeerbaar hechten aan receptoren en daardoor nog lange tijd op schadelijke wijze doorwerken in de natuur. "Langdurige, onomkeerbare blootstelling aan dit type landbouwgiffen bleek het zenuwstelsel van bijen, hommels en vlinders aan te tasten. Ze gaan er niet meteen aan dood, maar raken op den duur de weg terug naar de korf kwijt. En zo zijn ze kwetsbaarder voor andere bedreigingen, zoals de varroamijt", aldus <a href="/wiki/Toxicologie" title="Toxicologie">toxicoloog</a> <a href="/wiki/Henk_Tennekes_(toxicoloog)" title="Henk Tennekes (toxicoloog)">Henk Tennekes</a>. In zijn boek <i>A disaster in the making</i> (2010) laat Tennekes ook aan de hand van statistieken zien hoe diverse vogelsoorten die voor hun voedsel van bijen afhankelijk zijn in Nederland aan het verdwijnen zijn. Vanaf 2013 is het gebruik van neonicotinoïden in de landbouw gedeeltelijk verboden in de <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a>, en sinds 2018 is er een compleet verbod in de EU op drie pesticiden die deze stoffen bevatten.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecologische_betekenis">Ecologische betekenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ecologische betekenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ecologische betekenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:A_bee_covered_with_pollen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/A_bee_covered_with_pollen.jpg/260px-A_bee_covered_with_pollen.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/A_bee_covered_with_pollen.jpg/390px-A_bee_covered_with_pollen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/A_bee_covered_with_pollen.jpg/520px-A_bee_covered_with_pollen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="5152" /></a><figcaption>Bij die vol hangt met pollen</figcaption></figure> <p>Bijen zijn belangrijk voor de <a href="/wiki/Bestuiving" title="Bestuiving">bestuiving</a> van vele planten en bloesems en hebben daarom indirect een rol van ongeveer dertig procent in de <a href="/wiki/Voedselketen" title="Voedselketen">keten</a> van al het menselijk voedsel. In <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Australië (land)">Australië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nieuw-Zeeland" title="Nieuw-Zeeland">Nieuw-Zeeland</a> wordt de rol bij de bestuiving overgenomen door andere dieren zoals vogels, vliegen of vleermuizen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Educatie">Educatie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Educatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Educatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Imker" title="Imker">Imkers</a> verzorgen soms lessen over de bij op basisscholen in Nederland. Dit heeft sinds de massale bijensterfte meer aandacht gekregen. </p><p>Het praten over 'bloemetjes en bijtjes' kan daarbij equivalent zijn voor de <a href="/wiki/Seksuele_voorlichting" class="mw-redirect" title="Seksuele voorlichting">seksuele voorlichting</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomie">Taxonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Taxonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Taxonomie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Voor een uitgebreide taxonomie van de bijen zie <a href="/wiki/Taxonomie_van_de_bijen" title="Taxonomie van de bijen">Taxonomie van de bijen</a>.</i></div> <p>De volgende families zijn ingedeeld bij de bijen: </p> <ul><li>Familie <a href="/wiki/Apidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Apidae">Apidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bijen_en_hommels" title="Bijen en hommels">Bijen en hommels</a>) <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Latreille</span>, <small>1802</small></li> <li>Familie <a href="/wiki/Andrenidae" title="Andrenidae">Andrenidae</a> <small></small></li> <li>Familie <a href="/wiki/Colletidae" title="Colletidae">Colletidae</a> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Louis_Michel_Lepeletier" class="mw-redirect" title="Amédée Louis Michel Lepeletier">Lepeletier</a></span>, <small>1841</small></li> <li>Familie <a href="/wiki/Halictidae" title="Halictidae">Halictidae</a> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Thomson" title="Carl Gustaf Thomson">Thomson</a></span>, <small>1869</small></li> <li>Familie <a href="/wiki/Megachilidae" title="Megachilidae">Megachilidae</a> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Latreille</a></span>, <small>1802</small></li> <li>Familie <a href="/wiki/Melittidae" title="Melittidae">Melittidae</a> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Duncan_Michener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Duncan Michener (de pagina bestaat niet)">Michener</a></span>, <small>2000</small></li> <li>Familie <a href="/wiki/Stenotritidae" title="Stenotritidae">Stenotritidae</a> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Michener</span>, <small>2000</small>, soortarme familie (circa 20 soorten) die uitsluitend in <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Australië (land)">Australië</a> voorkomen.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorkomen_in_Nederland">Voorkomen in Nederland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorkomen in Nederland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorkomen in Nederland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ten opzichte van andere Europese landen is in Nederland de bijensterfte het grootst.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_bijen_in_Nederland" title="Lijst van bijen in Nederland">Lijst van bijen in Nederland</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm/260px--ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="260" height="146" data-durationhint="94" data-mwtitle="ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Bestand:ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm/ID15084_-_Kilejordhumle_-_Bombus_cryptarum.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Video van de <a href="/wiki/Wilgenhommel" title="Wilgenhommel">wilgenhommel</a> (<i>Bombus cryptarum</i>).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solitaire_bij" title="Solitaire bij">Solitaire bij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hommels" title="Hommels">Hommels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drachtplantentuin" title="Drachtplantentuin">Drachtplantentuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bij_(mythologie)" title="Bij (mythologie)">Bij (mythologie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insectenhotel" title="Insectenhotel">Insectenhotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijenraat" title="Bijenraat">Bijenraat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijen&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildebijen.nl/">Overzicht van bijen in Nederland en Vlaanderen</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/15482996/">Scientist finds 100 million-year-old bee</a>, NBC, 30 oktober 2006</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Bittel, J. Tautz en I. Arndt, ‘Het gevecht van de bij’, National Geographic 03/2020, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wib-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-wib_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wib_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Michael Friislund (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wibnet.nl/dieren/insecten/vier-oorzaken-van-bijensterfte">'Vier oorzaken van bijensterfte'</a>, Wetenschap in Beeld, 15 augustus 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201184631/https://wibnet.nl/dieren/insecten/vier-oorzaken-van-bijensterfte">Gearchiveerd</a> op 1 februari 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124408/https://www.groenkennisnet.nl/nl/groenkennisnet/dossier/dossier-Bijensterfte.htm">Bijensterfte</a> (2018), Groen Kennisnet.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pettis, J. S., & Delaplane, K. S. (2010). <i>Coordinated responses to honey bee decline in the USA.</i> Apidologie, 41(3), 256–263. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1051%2Fapido%2F2010013">10.1051/apido/2010013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Clarke, H. Whitney, G. Sutton en D. Robert, 'Detectie en leren van bloemen elektrische velden door hommels', Science, 21 februari 2013, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1230883">10.1126/science.1230883</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Clarke, Heather Whitney, Gregory Sutton en Daniel Robert (2018). 'Elektromagnetische velden (EMV) en bijen', Wageningen University & Research.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Hoofwijk, T. Blacquière, V. Obregon Arzaluz, M. Vijver, K. Musters en R. Brodschneider, <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pdf-document"><img alt="Pdf-document" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg/16px-Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg/24px-Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg/32px-Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span> rapport <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wur.nl/upload_mm/0/3/3/7395a773-ba08-4d85-a78f-8a8b71c7835f_Wetenschapswinkel_rapport298.pdf">'Mobiele telefonie en de ontwikkeling van honingbijen'</a>, Wageningen UR, oktober 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311151122/https://www.wur.nl/upload_mm/0/3/3/7395a773-ba08-4d85-a78f-8a8b71c7835f_Wetenschapswinkel_rapport298.pdf">Gearchiveerd</a> op 11 maart 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Smouter, 'Henk Tennekes wist waardoor de bijen sterven', <i>NRC Handelsblad</i>, 9 juli 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zembla.bnnvara.nl/nieuws/moord-op-de-honingbij">Moord op de honingbij</a>, <i>Zembla</i>, 12 maart 2011. Geraadpleegd 27 april 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428181033/https://zembla.bnnvara.nl/nieuws/moord-op-de-honingbij">Gearchiveerd</a> op 28 april 2018.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anthophila#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Anthophila">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anthophila#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Anthophila">Anthophila</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/bij" class="extiw" title="wikt:bij">WikiWoordenboek</a></div><div class="interProjectTemplate"></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bijen&oldid=68371255">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bijen&oldid=68371255</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Bijen_en_hommels" title="Categorie:Bijen en hommels">Bijen en hommels</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 12 nov 2024 om 13:54.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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