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Disponible en 31 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%81" title="نيكولاي كارداشيف - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيكولاي كارداشيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%89_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%81" title="نيكولاى كارداشيف - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيكولاى كارداشيف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Karda%C5%9Fev" title="Nikolay Kardaşev - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nikolay Kardaşev" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%91%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Кардашёв Николай Семёнович - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кардашёв Николай Семёнович" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Николай Кардашев - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Николай Кардашев" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Semjonovi%C4%8D_Karda%C5%A1ov" title="Nikolaj Semjonovič Kardašov - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nikolaj Semjonovič Kardašov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Semjonowitsch_Kardaschow" title="Nikolai Semjonowitsch Kardaschow - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nikolai Semjonowitsch Kardaschow" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B9_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%86" title="Νικολάι Καρντάσεφ - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νικολάι Καρντάσεφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Kardashev" title="Nikolai Kardashev - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nikolai Kardashev" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol%C3%A1i_Kardashov" title="Nikolái Kardashov - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nikolái Kardashov" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Kardaxov" title="Nikolai Kardaxov - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nikolai Kardaxov" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%81" title="نیکلای کارداشف - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیکلای کارداشف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Karda%C5%A1ov" title="Nikolai Kardašov - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nikolai Kardašov" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola%C3%AF_Kardachev" title="Nikolaï Kardachev - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nikolaï Kardachev" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyikolaj_Szemjonovics_Kardasov" title="Nyikolaj Szemjonovics Kardasov - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyikolaj Szemjonovics Kardasov" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Kardashev" title="Nikolai Kardashev - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nikolai Kardashev" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Karda%C5%A1%C3%ABv" title="Nikolaj Kardašëv - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nikolaj Kardašëv" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%95" title="ニコライ・カルダシェフ - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニコライ・カルダシェフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola%C3%AF_Kardachev" title="Nikolaï Kardachev - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nikolaï Kardachev" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Kardasjov" title="Nikolaj Kardasjov - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nikolaj Kardasjov" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niko%C5%82aj_Kardaszow" title="Nikołaj Kardaszow - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nikołaj Kardaszow" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Kardashev" title="Nikolai Kardashev - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nikolai Kardashev" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolai_Karda%C8%99ev" title="Nicolai Kardașev - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nicolai Kardașev" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%91%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Кардашёв, Николай Семёнович - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кардашёв, Николай Семёнович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Semjonovi%C4%8D_Karda%C5%A1ov" title="Nikolaj Semjonovič Kardašov - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nikolaj Semjonovič Kardašov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Kardasjev" title="Nikolaj Kardasjev - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nikolaj Kardasjev" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D" title="நிக்கொலாய் கர்தசோவ் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிக்கொலாய் கர்தசோவ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Karda%C5%9Fev" title="Nikolay Kardaşev - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nikolay Kardaşev" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Кардашов Микола Семенович - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кардашов Микола Семенович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Semenovich_Kardashev" title="Nikolai Semenovich Kardashev - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nikolai Semenovich Kardashev" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E8%82%96%E5%A4%AB" title="尼古拉·卡尔达肖夫 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼古拉·卡尔达肖夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q318814#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Kardaixov" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Nikolai_Kardaixov&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Kardaixov"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Kardaixov&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Kardaixov&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33733479"> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titleclass" style="font-weight:bold"><span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plantilla:Infotaula persona"><img alt="Plantilla:Infotaula persona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/20px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/30px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/40px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></span><span class="fn">Nikolai Kardaixov</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:KardashevNikolai.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/KardashevNikolai.png/215px-KardashevNikolai.png" decoding="async" width="215" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/KardashevNikolai.png/323px-KardashevNikolai.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/KardashevNikolai.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="576" /></a></span><br /> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P18" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Nom original</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">(ru) <span lang="ru">Николай Семёнович Кардашёв</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P1559" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Biografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Naixement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">25 abril 1932 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P569" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou">Moscou (Rússia)</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P19" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mort</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">3 agost 2019 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P570" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (87 anys)<br /><a href="/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou">Moscou (Rússia)</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P20" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Sepultura</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1457437" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1457437">Cementiri de Troiekúrovskoie</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P119" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Formació</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2367115" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2367115">Facultat de Mecànica i Matemàtiques de la Universitat de Moscou</a> <small> (–1955)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Universitat_Estatal_de_Moscou" title="Universitat Estatal de Moscou">Universitat Estatal de Moscou</a> <small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P69" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Director de tesi</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B3ssif_Xklovski" title="Ióssif Xklovski">Iósif Xklovski</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P184" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Activitat</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Camp de treball</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica">Astrofísica</a> i <a href="/wiki/Radioastronomia" title="Radioastronomia">radioastronomia</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P101" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ocupació</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Astr%C3%B2nom" title="Astrònom">astrònom</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q752129" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q752129">astrofísic</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P106" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ocupador</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3695634" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3695634">Astro Space Center</a> <small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P108" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Membre de</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Academia_Europaea" title="Academia Europaea">Academia Europaea</a> <small>(1990–)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_de_Ci%C3%A8ncies_de_R%C3%BAssia" title="Acadèmia de Ciències de Rússia">Acadèmia de Ciències de Rússia</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_de_Ci%C3%A8ncies_de_la_Uni%C3%B3_Sovi%C3%A8tica" title="Acadèmia de Ciències de la Unió Soviètica">Acadèmia de Ciències de la Unió Soviètica</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Astron%C3%B2mica_Internacional" title="Unió Astronòmica Internacional">Unió Astronòmica Internacional</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P463" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Alumnes</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42305167" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q42305167">Yury Kovalyov</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42305167?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P802" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Obra</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div class="infobox-label" style="text-align:start;"><b>Obres destacables</b></div><div style="text-align:start;"><ul><li><small>(1964)</small> <a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Kardaixov" title="Escala de Kardaixov">Escala de Kardaixov</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P800" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Estudiant doctoral</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42305167" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q42305167">Yury Kovalyov</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42305167?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P185" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Premis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><ul><li><small>(2014)</small>  <a href="/wiki/Premi_Dem%C3%ADdov" title="Premi Demídov">Premi Demídov</a></li><li><small>(2011)</small> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/RUS_Order_of_Honour_ribbon.svg/30px-RUS_Order_of_Honour_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/RUS_Order_of_Honour_ribbon.svg/45px-RUS_Order_of_Honour_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/RUS_Order_of_Honour_ribbon.svg/60px-RUS_Order_of_Honour_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2268261" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2268261">Orde d'Honor</a></li><li><small>(1988)</small>  <a href="/wiki/Premi_Estatal_de_l%27URSS" title="Premi Estatal de l'URSS">Premi Estatal de l'URSS</a></li><li><small>(1980)</small>  <a href="/wiki/Premi_Estatal_de_l%27URSS" title="Premi Estatal de l'URSS">Premi Estatal de l'URSS</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318814?uselang=ca#P166" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nikolai Semiónovitx Kardaixov</b>, <a href="/wiki/Rus" title="Rus">rus</a>: <span lang="ru" style="font-family: Helvetica, Geneva, 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Code2000', sans-serif;font-style: normal;">Николай Семёнович Кардашёв</span> (<a href="/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou">Moscou</a>, <a href="/wiki/25_d%27abril" title="25 d'abril">25 d'abril</a> de <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> - 3 d'agost de 2019), va ser un <a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsic" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrofísic">astrofísic</a> rus, i el subdirector de l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27Investigaci%C3%B3_Espacial" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut d'Investigació Espacial">Institut d'Investigació Espacial</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_de_Ci%C3%A8ncies_de_R%C3%BAssia" title="Acadèmia de Ciències de Rússia">Acadèmia de Ciències de Rússia</a>. Es va graduar a la <a href="/wiki/Universitat_Estatal_de_Moscou" title="Universitat Estatal de Moscou">Universitat Estatal de Moscou</a> el 1955, desenvolupant la seva activitat científica a l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_Astron%C3%B2mic_Sternberg" title="Institut Astronòmic Sternberg">Institut Astronòmic Sternberg</a> (Moscou). Va ser alumne de <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B3ssif_Xklovski" title="Ióssif Xklovski">Ióssif Xklovski</a>, i va finalitzar el seu <a href="/wiki/Doctorat" title="Doctorat">doctorat</a> el 1962. </p><p>El <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a> Kardaixov va examinar un <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A0sar" title="Quàsar">quàsar</a>, <a href="/wiki/CTA-102" title="CTA-102">CTA-102</a>, el primer esforç soviètic en la recerca d'intel·ligència extraterrestre (<a href="/wiki/SETI" title="SETI">SETI</a>). En aquest treball, va elaborar la idea que algunes civilitzacions galàctiques estarien a milions o bilions d'anys al davant nostre, i va desenvolupar una escala que mesura el grau d'evolució tecnològica d'una civilització: l'<a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Kardaixov" title="Escala de Kardaixov">Escala de Kardaixov</a>. </p><p>Kardaixov va arribar a ser un membre associat de l'<a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Sovi%C3%A8tica_de_les_Ci%C3%A8ncies" class="mw-redirect" title="Acadèmia Soviètica de les Ciències">Acadèmia Soviètica de les Ciències</a>, Divisió de Física General i Astronomia el 12 de desembre de 1976. Es va convertir en un membre permanent de l'<a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Russa_de_les_Ci%C3%A8ncies" class="mw-redirect" title="Acadèmia Russa de les Ciències">Acadèmia Russa de les Ciències</a> el 12 de març de 1994. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Kardaixov&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Kardaixov" title="Escala de Kardaixov">Escala de Kardaixov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equaci%C3%B3_de_Drake" title="Equació de Drake">Equació de Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SETI" title="SETI">SETI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singularitat_tecnol%C3%B2gica" title="Singularitat tecnològica">Singularitat tecnològica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consum_i_recursos_energ%C3%A8tics_a_nivell_mundial" title="Consum i recursos energètics a nivell mundial">Consum i recursos energètics a nivell mundial</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n85-264490">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/1089176163">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n85264490">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF">VIAF</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/311302050">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISNI" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI">ISNI</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000425343296">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC">SUDOC</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/122089774">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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