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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Major programs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_programs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major programs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Guidance_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guidance_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Guidance publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guidance_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Field_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Field_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Field studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Field_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Personal_Protective_Technology_Laboratory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Personal_Protective_Technology_Laboratory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Personal_Protective_Technology_Laboratory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mining_safety_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mining_safety_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Mining safety research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mining_safety_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compensation_and_support_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compensation_and_support_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Compensation and support programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compensation_and_support_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-B_Reader_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#B_Reader_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>B Reader Program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-B_Reader_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epidemiology_and_health_surveillance_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidemiology_and_health_surveillance_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Epidemiology and health surveillance programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epidemiology_and_health_surveillance_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Other programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extramural_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extramural_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Extramural programs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Extramural_programs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Extramural programs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Extramural_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education_and_Research_Centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_Research_Centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Education and Research Centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_Research_Centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centers_for_Agricultural_Safety_and_Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centers_for_Agricultural_Safety_and_Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Centers for Agricultural Safety and Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centers_for_Agricultural_Safety_and_Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Later history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="المعهد القومي للسلامة والصحة المهنية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المعهد القومي للسلامة والصحة المهنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-kok_Kok-ka_Chit-gia%CC%8Dp_An-ch%C3%B4an_%C5%8Ce-seng_G%C3%A9ng-ki%C3%B9-s%C3%B3%CD%98" title="Bí-kok Kok-ka Chit-gia̍p An-chôan Ōe-seng Géng-kiù-só͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-kok Kok-ka Chit-gia̍p An-chôan Ōe-seng Géng-kiù-só͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_para_la_Seguridad_y_Salud_Ocupacional" title="Instituto Nacional para la Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Instituto Nacional para la Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AE-koet_Koet-k%C3%A2_Ch%E1%B9%B3t-ngia%CC%8Dp_%C3%94n-chhi%C3%B2n_V%C3%AD-s%C3%AAn_Ngi%C3%AAn-kiu-s%C3%B3" title="Mî-koet Koet-kâ Chṳt-ngia̍p Ôn-chhiòn Ví-sên Ngiên-kiu-só – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mî-koet Koet-kâ Chṳt-ngia̍p Ôn-chhiòn Ví-sên Ngiên-kiu-só" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD_%EC%A7%81%EC%97%85%EC%95%88%EC%A0%84%EC%9C%84%EC%83%9D%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C" title="미국 국립 직업안전위생연구소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 국립 직업안전위생연구소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Nasional_untuk_Keselamatan_dan_Kesehatan_Kerja" title="Institut Nasional untuk Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Institut Nasional untuk Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Kebangsaan_untuk_Keselamatan_dan_Kesihatan_Pekerjaan" title="Institut Kebangsaan untuk Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Institut Kebangsaan untuk Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Национальный институт охраны труда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальный институт охраны труда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIOSH" title="NIOSH – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="NIOSH" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalni_institut_za_bezbednost_i_zdravlje_na_radu" title="Nacionalni institut za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Nacionalni institut za bezbednost i zdravlje na radu" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulusal_%C4%B0%C5%9F_G%C3%BCvenli%C4%9Fi_ve_Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Ulusal İş Güvenliği ve Sağlığı Enstitüsü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ulusal İş Güvenliği ve Sağlığı Enstitüsü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96_(NIOSH)" title="Національний інститут охорони праці (NIOSH) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Національний інститут охорони праці (NIOSH)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%84%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%AE%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%95%D9%BE%DA%86%D9%89%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%B4_%DB%8B%DB%95_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82_%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%89%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%89" title="دۆلەتلىك بىخەتەر ئىشلەپچىقىرىش ۋە ساغلاملىق تەتقىقات ئورنى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دۆلەتلىك بىخەتەر ئىشلەپچىقىرىش ۋە ساغلاملىق تەتقىقات ئورنى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=NIOSH&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="NIOSH">NIOSH</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">US federal government agency</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/60px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/120px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: <a href="/wiki/2025_U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_reorganization" title="2025 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reorganization">2025 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reorganization</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2025</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NIOSH_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NIOSH_logo.svg/140px-NIOSH_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NIOSH_logo.svg/210px-NIOSH_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NIOSH_logo.svg/280px-NIOSH_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="65" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">December 29, 1970</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Industrial_Hygiene" title="Division of Industrial Hygiene">Division of Industrial Hygiene</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data">Federal Government of the United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Washington, D.C.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">1,300 <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60346?uselang=en#P1128" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/John_Howard_(NIOSH_director)" title="John Howard (NIOSH director)">John Howard</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60346?uselang=en#P1037" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>, Director</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh">www<wbr />.cdc<wbr />.gov<wbr />/niosh</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60346#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</b> (<b>NIOSH</b>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States federal agencies">United States federal agency</a> responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related <a href="/wiki/Occupational_injury" title="Occupational injury">injury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Occupational_disease" title="Occupational disease">illness</a>. NIOSH is part of the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> within the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a>. Despite the similarities in names, it is not part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> or <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">OSHA</a>, which have distinct and separate responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational Safety and Health Act">Occupational Safety and Health Act</a>, signed by <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Nixon" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard M. Nixon">Richard M. Nixon</a> on December 29, 1970, created NIOSH out of the preexisting <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Industrial_Hygiene" title="Division of Industrial Hygiene">Division of Industrial Hygiene</a> founded in 1914. NIOSH was established to help ensure safe and healthful working conditions by providing research, information, education, and training in the field of <a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">occupational safety and health</a>. NIOSH provides national and world leadership to prevent work-related illness, injury, disability, and <a href="/wiki/Occupational_fatality" title="Occupational fatality">death</a> by gathering information, conducting scientific research, and translating the knowledge gained into products and services.<sup id="cite_ref-about_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NIOSH is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, with research laboratories and offices in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati, Ohio">Cincinnati</a>, Ohio; <a href="/wiki/Morgantown,_West_Virginia" title="Morgantown, West Virginia">Morgantown</a>, West Virginia; <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania">Pittsburgh</a>, Pennsylvania; <a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver</a>, Colorado; <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a>, Alaska; <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane</a>, Washington; and <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta</a>, Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NIOSH is a professionally diverse organization with a staff of 1,200 people representing a wide range of disciplines including <a href="/wiki/Occupational_epidemiology" title="Occupational epidemiology">occupational epidemiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_toxicology" title="Occupational toxicology">occupational toxicology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_hygiene" title="Occupational hygiene">industrial hygiene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safety_engineering" title="Safety engineering">safety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Experimental_psychology" title="Experimental psychology">research psychology</a>, engineering, chemistry, and statistics. </p><p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/2025_U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_reorganization" title="2025 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reorganization">2025 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reorganization</a>, on April 1, two-thirds of NIOSH's staff was told they were being fired, including its longtime director <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_(NIOSH_director)" title="John Howard (NIOSH director)">John Howard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This most strongly impacted its <a href="/wiki/Mine_safety" title="Mine safety">mining safety</a> research and <a href="/wiki/NIOSH_air_filtration_rating" title="NIOSH air filtration rating">respirator approval</a> programs,<sup id="cite_ref-:42_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with its laboratory in <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a> expected to close completely,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/National_Firefighter_Registry_for_Cancer" title="National Firefighter Registry for Cancer">National Firefighter Registry for Cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:53_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:53-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authority">Authority</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike its counterpart, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, NIOSH's authority under the <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational Safety and Health Act">Occupational Safety and Health Act</a> [29 <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">CFR</a> § 671] is to "develop recommendations for health and safety standards", to "develop information on safe levels of exposure to toxic materials and harmful physical agents and substances", and to "conduct research on new safety and health problems". NIOSH may also "conduct on-site investigations (<a href="/wiki/Health_Hazard_Evaluation_Program" title="Health Hazard Evaluation Program">Health Hazard Evaluations</a>) to determine the toxicity of materials used in workplaces" and "fund research by other agencies or private organizations through grants, contracts, and other arrangements".<sup id="cite_ref-about_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also, pursuant to its authority granted to it by the <a href="/wiki/Mine_Safety_and_Health_Act_of_1977" class="mw-redirect" title="Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977">Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977</a>, NIOSH may "develop recommendations for mine health standards for the <a href="/wiki/Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Mine Safety and Health Administration">Mine Safety and Health Administration</a>", "administer a medical surveillance program for miners, including chest X‑rays to detect <a href="/wiki/Pneumoconiosis" title="Pneumoconiosis">pneumoconiosis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalworker%27s_pneumoconiosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalworker's pneumoconiosis">black lung</a> disease) in coal miners", "conduct on-site investigations in mines similar to those authorized for general industry under the Occupational Safety and Health Act; and "test and certify <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a> and hazard-measurement instruments".<sup id="cite_ref-about_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under 42 CFR 84, NIOSH has the right to issue and revoke certifications for <a href="/wiki/Respirator" title="Respirator">respirators</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/N95" class="mw-redirect" title="N95">N95</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, NIOSH is the only body authorized to regulate respirators, and has <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> rights to the <a href="/wiki/NIOSH_air_filtration_rating" title="NIOSH air filtration rating">NIOSH air filtration ratings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-notices_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notices-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_programs">Major programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Major programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_Career_Lieutenants_Killed_and_Two_Career_Fire_Fighters_Injured_Following_a_Flashover_at_an_Assembly_Hall_Fire%E2%80%94Texas.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="NIOSH fire fighter fatality publication" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Two_Career_Lieutenants_Killed_and_Two_Career_Fire_Fighters_Injured_Following_a_Flashover_at_an_Assembly_Hall_Fire%E2%80%94Texas.pdf/page1-220px-Two_Career_Lieutenants_Killed_and_Two_Career_Fire_Fighters_Injured_Following_a_Flashover_at_an_Assembly_Hall_Fire%E2%80%94Texas.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Two_Career_Lieutenants_Killed_and_Two_Career_Fire_Fighters_Injured_Following_a_Flashover_at_an_Assembly_Hall_Fire%E2%80%94Texas.pdf/page1-330px-Two_Career_Lieutenants_Killed_and_Two_Career_Fire_Fighters_Injured_Following_a_Flashover_at_an_Assembly_Hall_Fire%E2%80%94Texas.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Two_Career_Lieutenants_Killed_and_Two_Career_Fire_Fighters_Injured_Following_a_Flashover_at_an_Assembly_Hall_Fire%E2%80%94Texas.pdf/page1-440px-Two_Career_Lieutenants_Killed_and_Two_Career_Fire_Fighters_Injured_Following_a_Flashover_at_an_Assembly_Hall_Fire%E2%80%94Texas.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Fire_Fighter_Fatality_Investigation_and_Prevention_Program" title="Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program">NIOSH investigation</a> on the cause of firefighter deaths due to a flashover</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guidance_publications">Guidance publications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Guidance publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Criteria Documents</i> contain recommendations for the prevention of occupational diseases and injuries. These documents are submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a> or the Mine Safety and Health Administration for consideration in their formulation of legally binding safety and health standards.</li> <li><i>Current Intelligence Bulletins</i> analyze new information about occupational health and safety hazards.</li> <li><i>Alerts</i> are put out by the agency to request assistance in preventing, solving, and controlling newly identified occupational hazards. They briefly present what is known about the risk for occupational injury, illness, and death.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/National_Agricultural_Safety_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="National Agricultural Safety Database">National Agricultural Safety Database</a></i> contains citations and summaries of <a href="/wiki/Scholarly_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholarly journal">scholarly journal</a> articles and reports about agricultural health and safety.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/NIOSH_Power_Tools_Database" title="NIOSH Power Tools Database">NIOSH Power Tools Database</a></i> contains sound power levels, sound pressure levels, and vibrations data for a variety of common power tools that have been tested by NIOSH researchers.</li> <li>The <i>NIOSH Hearing Protection Device Compendium</i> contains attenuation information and features for commercially available earplugs, earmuffs and semi-aural insert devices (canal caps).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/default.html"><i>NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods</i></a> contains recommendations for collection, sampling and analysis of contaminants in the workplace and industrial hygiene samples, including air filters, biological fluids, wipes and bulks for occupationally relevant analytes.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards</i> informs workers, employers, and occupational health professionals about workplace chemicals and their hazards.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Field_studies">Field studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Field studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Health_Hazard_Evaluation_Program" title="Health Hazard Evaluation Program">Health Hazard Evaluation Program</a> allows employees, employers, and labor unions can request assistance from the HHE program at no cost to them.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Fatality_Assessment_and_Control_Evaluation" title="Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation">Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation</a> program publishes <a href="/wiki/Occupational_fatality" title="Occupational fatality">occupational fatality</a> data that are used to publish fatality reports by specific sectors of industry and types of fatal incidents.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Fire_Fighter_Fatality_Investigation_and_Prevention_Program" title="Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program">Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program</a> investigates the causes of <i>specifically</i> <a href="/wiki/Firefighter" title="Firefighter">firefighter</a> deaths on the job.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Personal_Protective_Technology_Laboratory">National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/NIOSH_air_filtration_rating" title="NIOSH air filtration rating">NIOSH air filtration rating</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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is part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#A31BAA;"><a href="/wiki/Respirator" title="Respirator"><small><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Respirators</span></small></a> <span style="color:#FFFFFF;"><small>in the</small><br />United States and Canada</span></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #eef;"> <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States#Cabinet,_executive_departments,_and_agencies" title="Federal government of the United States">US executive</a> agencies involved</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N95_respirator#Early_US_respirator_standards" title="N95 respirator">Summary</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Mines" title="United States Bureau of Mines">USBM</a> (until <a href="/wiki/Federal_Coal_Mine_Health_and_Safety_Act_of_1969" title="Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969">1969</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_Enforcement_and_Safety_Administration" title="Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration">MESA</a> (until <a href="/wiki/Federal_Mine_Safety_and_Health_Act_of_1977" title="Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Mine Safety and Health Administration">MSHA</a> (until <a href="/wiki/N95_respirator#Approval_of_Part_84_and_replacement_of_30_CFR_11" title="N95 respirator">1995/1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSHA" class="mw-redirect" title="OSHA">OSHA</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NIOSH</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #eef;"> Non-government bodies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">ANSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Industrial_Hygiene_Association" title="American Industrial Hygiene Association">AIHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSA_Group" title="CSA Group">CSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Protection_Association" title="National Fire Protection Association">NFPA</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #eef;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_ministries" title="List of Canadian ministries">Canadian ministries</a> and departments</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employment_and_Social_Development_Canada" title="Employment and Social Development Canada">Labour Program (ESDC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Centre_for_Occupational_Health_and_Safety" title="Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety">CCOHS</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #eef;"> Respirator regulation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N95_respirator" title="N95 respirator">N95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIOSH_air_filtration_rating" title="NIOSH air filtration rating">NIOSH ratings</a></li> <li>ANSI Z88.2 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NIOSH_air_filtration_rating#Chemical_cartridge_and_canister_classifications" title="NIOSH air filtration rating">ANSI K13.1-1973</a></li> <li>CSA Z94.4</li></ul></li> <li>CSA Z94.4.1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Act_(United_States)" title="Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)">OSH Act (US)</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #eef;"> Diseases mitigated by respirators</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silicosis" title="Silicosis">Silicosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbestosis" title="Asbestosis">Asbestosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Respirator#Continuing_mesothelioma_litigation" title="Respirator">lawsuits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">TB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">SARS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" title="Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">mental health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avian_influenza" title="Avian influenza">Avian flu</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #eef;"> Misuse</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N95_respirator#Later_history" title="N95 respirator">N95 use during pandemics</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Respirator#Counterfeiting,_modification,_and_revocation_of_regulated_respirators" title="Respirator">Counterfeit respirators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respirator#Issues_with_respirator_design" title="Respirator">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respirator#Respirator_non-compliance" title="Respirator">Failure to use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respirator#Beards" title="Respirator">Beards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls" title="Hierarchy of hazard controls">Hierarchy of hazard controls</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #eef;"> Related topics involving respirators</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawks_Nest_Tunnel_disaster" title="Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster">Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_control_(respiratory_disease)" title="Source control (respiratory disease)">Source control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-contained_breathing_apparatus" title="Self-contained breathing apparatus">Self-contained breathing apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_cartridge" title="Chemical cartridge">Chemical cartridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastomeric_respirator" title="Elastomeric respirator">Elastomeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respirator#Filtering_facepiece" title="Respirator">Disposable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_belief_model" title="Health belief model">HBM</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eef;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><small>Interwiki links</small></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PAPR_NIOSH_protect_yourself.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/PAPR_NIOSH_protect_yourself.gif/90px-PAPR_NIOSH_protect_yourself.gif" decoding="async" width="90" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/PAPR_NIOSH_protect_yourself.gif/135px-PAPR_NIOSH_protect_yourself.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/PAPR_NIOSH_protect_yourself.gif/180px-PAPR_NIOSH_protect_yourself.gif 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="113" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Related media at Wikimedia Commons: </p> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:42_CFR_Part_84" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:42 CFR Part 84">Category:42 CFR Part 84</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:30_CFR_Part_11" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:30 CFR Part 11">Category:30 CFR Part 11</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource logo"><img alt="Wikisource logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works on the topic <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:NIOSH" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:NIOSH">NIOSH</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource logo"><img alt="Wikisource logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works on the topic <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Occupational Safety and Health Administration">OSHA</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> </p> <ul><li>Selected works:</li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Respirators:_Your_TB_Defense" class="extiw" title="commons:Respirators: Your TB Defense">Respirators: Your TB Defense</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NIOSH_DM_DFM_respirator_evaluation_draft.pdf" class="extiw" title="commons:File:NIOSH DM DFM respirator evaluation draft.pdf">30 CFR 11 performance evaluation draft</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/NIOSH_Guide_to_the_Selection_and_Use_of_Particulate_Respirators_Certified_Under_42_CFR_84" class="extiw" title="wikisource:NIOSH Guide to the Selection and Use of Particulate Respirators Certified Under 42 CFR 84">42 CFR 84 guide</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/NIOSH_Change_Will_Save_Health_Care_Industry_Millions" class="extiw" title="wikisource:NIOSH Change Will Save Health Care Industry Millions">NIOSH health care press release</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Letter_to_All_Users_of_Supplied-Air_Respirators_Use_of_Unapproved_Supplied-Air_Respirators_in_the_Paint_Spray_and_Automotive_Refinishing_Industries" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Letter to All Users of Supplied-Air Respirators Use of Unapproved Supplied-Air Respirators in the Paint Spray and Automotive Refinishing Industries">Counterfeit air-line respirators</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/What_You_Should_Know_in_Deciding_Whether_to_Buy_Escape_Hoods,_Gas_Masks,_or_Other_Respirators_for_Preparedness_at_Home_and_Work" class="extiw" title="wikisource:What You Should Know in Deciding Whether to Buy Escape Hoods, Gas Masks, or Other Respirators for Preparedness at Home and Work">Gas mask fact sheet</a></li> <li>For firefighters:</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Safety_Advisory_on_The_Potential_for_Sudden_Failures_of_Fiberglass-wrapped_Composite_Aluminum_Cylinders_Following_Exposure_to_Acidic_Chemical_Cleaning_Agents" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Safety Advisory on The Potential for Sudden Failures of Fiberglass-wrapped Composite Aluminum Cylinders Following Exposure to Acidic Chemical Cleaning Agents">SCBA cylinder advisory</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Announcement_of_Public_Meeting_to_Discuss_Potential_Standards_or_Guidelines_for_Respiratory_Protective_Devices_Used_to_Protect_Emergency_Response_Workers_Against_Chemical,_Biological,_and_Radiological_Agents" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Announcement of Public Meeting to Discuss Potential Standards or Guidelines for Respiratory Protective Devices Used to Protect Emergency Response Workers Against Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Agents">Terrorism and CBRN meeting, 2001</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Two_Career_Lieutenants_Killed_and_Two_Career_Fire_Fighters_Injured_Following_a_Flashover_at_an_Assembly_Hall_Fire%E2%80%94Texas" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Two Career Lieutenants Killed and Two Career Fire Fighters Injured Following a Flashover at an Assembly Hall Fire—Texas">NIOSH FFFIPP flashover postmortem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_respirator_topics" title="Template:US respirator topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_respirator_topics" title="Template talk:US respirator topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_respirator_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US respirator topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL) is a research center within NIOSH located in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a>, devoted to research on <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a> (PPE). NPPTL was created in 2001 at the request of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>, in response to a recognized need for improved research in PPE technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-About_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It focuses on experimentation and recommendations for <a href="/wiki/Respirator" title="Respirator">respirator</a> masks, by ensuring a level of standard filter efficiency, and develops criteria for testing and developing PPE.<sup id="cite_ref-About_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Respirators_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Respirators-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The laboratory conducts research and provides recommendations for other types of PPE, including protective clothing, gloves, eye protection, headwear, hearing protection, chemical sensors, and communication devices for safe deployment of emergency workers. It also maintains certification for <a href="/wiki/N95_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="N95 mask">N95</a> respirators,<sup id="cite_ref-About_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and hosts an annual education day for N95 education.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its emergency response research is part of a collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Protection_Association" title="National Fire Protection Association">National Fire Protection Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2010s, the NPPTL has focused on <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_influenza" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandemic influenza">pandemic influenza</a> preparedness, <a href="/wiki/CBRNE_incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="CBRNE incidents">CBRNE incidents</a>, miner PPE, and <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanotechnology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NPPTL is the designated publisher of the NIOSH <b>Certified Equipment List</b>, or CEL. The CEL is a public domain database that details the respirators currently approved by NIOSH, and is ordered separated based on type of respirator, which is designated with a schedule (e.g. TC-84A).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CEL was initially released in paper form on September 30, 1993. However, due to low usage of the paper CEL, as well as the increasing number of respirators approved by NIOSH, a <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access">Microsoft Access</a>-based version of the CEL was released.<sup id="cite_ref-celsoft_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-celsoft-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initial releases of the CEL had hose and pressure information for <a href="/wiki/Supplied-air_respirator" title="Supplied-air respirator">air-line respirators</a>. This information had been eliminated due to concerns over users prioritizing the CEL over respirator documentation.<sup id="cite_ref-celsoft_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-celsoft-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mining_safety_research">Mining safety research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mining safety research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NIOSH's two <a href="/wiki/Mine_safety" title="Mine safety">mining safety</a> research divisions are devoted towards the elimination of mining fatalities, injuries, and illnesses through research and prevention.<sup id="cite_ref-about2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mining research done by NIOSH is primarily focused in two locations: <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a>. The Pittsburgh site focuses on a larger scope of mine safety and health issues, including <a href="/wiki/Dust#Dust_control" title="Dust">dust monitoring and control</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ventilation_(architecture)" title="Ventilation (architecture)">mine ventilation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hearing_conservation_program" title="Hearing conservation program">hearing loss prevention and engineering noise controls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diesel_exhaust" title="Diesel exhaust">diesel particulate monitoring and control</a>, emergency response and rescue, firefighting and prevention, training research, ergonomics and machine safety, mine ground control, electrical safety, explosives safety, surveillance, and technology transfer.<sup id="cite_ref-facilities_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facilities-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spokane site primarily focuses on metal and nonmetal mining.<sup id="cite_ref-facilities_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facilities-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was originally conducted by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Mines" title="United States Bureau of Mines">U.S. Bureau of Mines</a>, which was founded in 1910. Following the dissolution of the U.S. Bureau of Mines in 1995–1996, its Safety and Health Program was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a> on an interim basis. In 1997, it was permanently transferred to NIOSH as the Office of Mine Safety and Health Research.<sup id="cite_ref-history_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, it was administratively divided into two divisions by location, the Pittsburgh Mining Research Division and the Spokane Mining Research Division.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compensation_and_support_programs">Compensation and support programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Compensation and support programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Health_Program" title="World Trade Center Health Program">World Trade Center Health Program</a> and <a href="/wiki/Energy_Employees_Occupational_Illness_Compensation_Program#Radiation_dose_reconstruction" title="Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program">Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program § Radiation dose reconstruction</a></div> <p>NIOSH administers the World Trade Center Health Program, which provides medical benefits to specific groups of individuals who were affected by the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in 2001 against the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wtchp-site_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wtchp-site-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WTC Health Program was established by Title I of the <a href="/wiki/James_Zadroga_9/11_Health_and_Compensation_Act" title="James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act">James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act</a> in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Separately, for some claims for cancers that may have been caused by occupational radiation exposure filed under the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Employees_Occupational_Illness_Compensation_Program" title="Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program">Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program</a>, NIOSH's Division of Compensation Analysis and Support<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> performs a <a href="/wiki/Radiation_dose_reconstruction" title="Radiation dose reconstruction">radiation dose reconstruction</a>. NIOSH requests the energy employee's individual exposure records, and interviews the claimant or survivors, and collects all relevant data regarding the individual's work site.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="B_Reader_Program">B Reader Program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: B Reader Program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/B_reader" title="B reader">B reader</a></div> <p>NIOSH certifies physicians, known as B readers, qualified to read <a href="/wiki/Radiography" title="Radiography">radiographic</a> images of various occupational diseases, such as diseases caused by <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> dust. A list of B Readers can be found on the NIOSH website for the program.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> B Reader testimony has been used extensively in <a href="/wiki/Mesothelioma" title="Mesothelioma">mesothelioma</a> <a href="/wiki/Personal_injury" title="Personal injury">personal injury</a> lawsuits.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Epidemiology_and_health_surveillance_programs">Epidemiology and health surveillance programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Epidemiology and health surveillance programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_Blood_Lead_Epidemiology_and_Surveillance" title="Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance">Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Firefighter_Registry_for_Cancer" title="National Firefighter Registry for Cancer">National Firefighter Registry for Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SENSOR-Pesticides" title="SENSOR-Pesticides">SENSOR-Pesticides</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_programs">Other programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buy_Quiet" title="Buy Quiet">Buy Quiet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Safe-in-Sound_Award" title="Safe-in-Sound Award">Safe-in-Sound Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Employees_Occupational_Illness_Compensation_Program#Radiation_dose_reconstruction" title="Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program">Radiation dose reconstruction function of the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program</a></li> <li>Determination of <a href="/wiki/Recommended_exposure_limit" title="Recommended exposure limit">Recommended exposure limits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immediately_dangerous_to_life_or_health" title="Immediately dangerous to life or health">immediately dangerous to life or health</a> levels</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extramural_programs">Extramural programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Extramural programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_and_Research_Centers">Education and Research Centers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Education and Research Centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NIOSH_Health_Hazard_Evaluation_Program_staff_in_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/NIOSH_Health_Hazard_Evaluation_Program_staff_in_1978.jpg/250px-NIOSH_Health_Hazard_Evaluation_Program_staff_in_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/NIOSH_Health_Hazard_Evaluation_Program_staff_in_1978.jpg/330px-NIOSH_Health_Hazard_Evaluation_Program_staff_in_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/NIOSH_Health_Hazard_Evaluation_Program_staff_in_1978.jpg/500px-NIOSH_Health_Hazard_Evaluation_Program_staff_in_1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Staff members at the NIOSH research center in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1978</figcaption></figure> <p>NIOSH Education and Research Centers are multidisciplinary centers supported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health for education and research in the field of occupational health. Through the centers, NIOSH supports academic degree programs and research opportunities, as well as continuing education for OSH professionals.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ERCs, distributed in regions across the United States, establish academic, labor, and industry research partnerships.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The research conducted at the centers is related to the <a href="/wiki/National_Occupational_Research_Agenda" title="National Occupational Research Agenda">National Occupational Research Agenda</a> (NORA) established by NIOSH.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded in 1977, NIOSH ERCs are responsible for nearly half of post-baccalaureate graduates entering occupational health and safety fields. The ERCs focus on industrial hygiene, occupational health nursing, occupational medicine, occupational safety, and other areas of specialization.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At many ERCs, students in specific disciplines have their tuition paid in full and receive additional stipend money. ERCs provide a benefit to local businesses by offering reduced price assessments to local businesses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centers_for_Agricultural_Safety_and_Health">Centers for Agricultural Safety and Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Centers for Agricultural Safety and Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Agricultural_Safety_and_Health" title="Centers for Agricultural Safety and Health">Centers for Agricultural Safety and Health</a></div> <p>The Centers for Agricultural Safety and Health (CASH) are a set of 12 NIOSH-funded agencies focused on occupational health in industry involving food or plant products, such as <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>. The agencies were established in 1990 under the Agricultural Health and Safety Initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-cdcmain_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdcmain-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Industrial_Hygiene" title="Division of Industrial Hygiene">Division of Industrial Hygiene</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taft_Laboratory_Cincinnati_aerial.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black-and-white aerial photograph of a long, narrow six-story building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Taft_Laboratory_Cincinnati_aerial.png/250px-Taft_Laboratory_Cincinnati_aerial.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Taft_Laboratory_Cincinnati_aerial.png/330px-Taft_Laboratory_Cincinnati_aerial.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Taft_Laboratory_Cincinnati_aerial.png/500px-Taft_Laboratory_Cincinnati_aerial.png 2x" data-file-width="1119" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>NIOSH occupied the Robert A. Taft Center as its main facility in 1976. It had opened in 1954 for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service" title="United States Public Health Service">U.S. Public Health Service</a>'s environmental health division, which had been transferred to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> and had moved to a new facility.</figcaption></figure> <p>NIOSH's earliest predecessor was the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service" title="United States Public Health Service">U.S. Public Health Service</a> Office of Industrial Hygiene and Sanitation, established in 1914. It went through several name changes, most notably becoming the Division of Industrial Hygiene and later the Division of Occupational Health.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its headquarters were established in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> in 1918, and field stations in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a> in 1949, and in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NIOSH was created by the <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Act_(United_States)" title="Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)">Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and began operating in May 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was originally part of the <a href="/wiki/Health_Services_and_Mental_Health_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Services and Mental Health Administration">Health Services and Mental Health Administration</a>, and was transferred into what was then called the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Center for Disease Control</a> (CDC) in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NIOSH's initial headquarters were located in <a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville, Maryland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to 1976, NIOSH's Cincinnati operations occupied space at three locations in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Cincinnati" title="Downtown Cincinnati">Downtown Cincinnati</a>, and rented space at 5555 Ridge Avenue in the <a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Ridge,_Cincinnati" title="Pleasant Ridge, Cincinnati">Pleasant Ridge</a> neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, staff at the Downtown locations were relocated to the Robert A. Taft Center in the <a href="/wiki/Columbia-Tusculum,_Cincinnati" title="Columbia-Tusculum, Cincinnati">Columbia-Tusculum</a> neighborhood, which the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> was vacating to occupy the new <a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Breidenbach_Environmental_Research_Center" title="Andrew W. Breidenbach Environmental Research Center">Andrew W. Breidenbach Environmental Research Center</a> elsewhere in Cincinnati.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Taft Center had opened in 1954 for the PHS as the Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> named for the then-recently deceased Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the center had become part of the newly formed Environmental Protection Agency in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 5555 Ridge Avenue building had been constructed during 1952–1954 and was initially the headquarters and manufacturing plant of <a href="/wiki/Disabled_American_Veterans" title="Disabled American Veterans">Disabled American Veterans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PHS had leased space in the 5555 Ridge Avenue building beginning in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-:00_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:00-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1973 the entire building was leased by the federal government, and in 1982 it was purchased outright by the PHS. In 1987 it was renamed the Alice Hamilton Laboratory for Occupational Safety and Health, after occupational health pioneer <a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Appalachian Laboratory for Occupational Respiratory Diseases, which had been created within the PHS in 1967 to focus on <a href="/wiki/Black_lung_disease" title="Black lung disease">black lung disease</a> research, was incorporated into NIOSH, and its building in <a href="/wiki/Morgantown,_West_Virginia" title="Morgantown, West Virginia">Morgantown, West Virginia</a> was opened in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 1976,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> NIOSH also continued to operate its Salt Lake City facility.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_history">Later history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Later history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NIOSH_Pittsburgh_Laboratory_aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An aerial photograph of a series of two- and three-story buildings on a hill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/NIOSH_Pittsburgh_Laboratory_aerial.jpg/250px-NIOSH_Pittsburgh_Laboratory_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/NIOSH_Pittsburgh_Laboratory_aerial.jpg/330px-NIOSH_Pittsburgh_Laboratory_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/NIOSH_Pittsburgh_Laboratory_aerial.jpg/500px-NIOSH_Pittsburgh_Laboratory_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>NIOSH absorbed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Mines" title="United States Bureau of Mines">Bureau of Mines</a>' research activities in 1996, along with its facilities in the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> area dating from 1910.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1981, the headquarters was moved from Rockville to <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> to co-locate with CDC headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The headquarters moved back to Washington, D.C. in 1994, though offices were maintained in Atlanta.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Mines" title="United States Bureau of Mines">U.S. Bureau of Mines</a> was closed in 1996, its research activities were transferred to NIOSH along with two facilities in the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/Bruceton,_Pennsylvania" title="Bruceton, Pennsylvania">Bruceton, Pennsylvania</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a>. The Pittsburgh campus dated from the beginning of the Bureau of Mines in 1910, and contained the historic <a href="/wiki/Experimental_Mine,_U.S._Bureau_of_Mines" title="Experimental Mine, U.S. Bureau of Mines">Experimental Mine</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_Roof_Simulator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mine Roof Simulator (page does not exist)">Mine Roof Simulator</a>, while the Spokane facility dated from 1951. NIOSH preserved the administrative independence of these activities by placing them in the new Office of Mine Safety and Health Research.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1977, NIOSH had ten regional offices throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were closed over time, and by 1989 there were regional offices only in Denver and Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Alaska Field Station in <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a> was established in 1991 in response to the state having the highest work-related fatality rate, with Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Ted Stevens</a> playing a role in its establishment. It later become known as the Alaska Pacific Regional Office, and in 2015, the Denver, Anchorage, and non-mining Spokane staff joined into the Western States Division.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, a large addition was built to the Morgantown facility containing safety engineering and bench laboratories.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, funding was approved for a new facility in Cincinnati to replace the Taft and Hamilton buildings, which were considered to be obsolete.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A location for the new facility in the <a href="/wiki/Avondale,_Cincinnati" title="Avondale, Cincinnati">Avondale</a> neighborhood was announced in 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and proposals from architectural and engineering firms were solicited in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, NIOSH was called upon to help clean up Capitol Hill buildings after the <a href="/wiki/2001_anthrax_attacks" title="2001 anthrax attacks">2001 anthrax attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Directors">Directors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following people were Director of NIOSH:<sup id="cite_ref-:6_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_M._Key" title="Marcus M. Key">Marcus Key</a> (1971–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Finklea" title="John Finklea">John Finklea</a> (1975–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Robbins_(NIOSH_director)" title="Anthony Robbins (NIOSH director)">Anthony Robbins</a> (1978–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Donald_Millar" title="J. Donald Millar">J. Donald Millar</a> (1981–1993)</li> <li>Richard Lemen (Acting 1993–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Rosenstock" title="Linda Rosenstock">Linda Rosenstock</a> (1994–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_J._Fine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence J. Fine (page does not exist)">Lawrence J. Fine</a> (acting, 2000–2001)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathleen_Rest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathleen Rest (page does not exist)">Kathleen Rest</a> (acting, 2001–2002)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard_(NIOSH_director)" title="John Howard (NIOSH director)">John Howard</a> (2002–2008; 2009–2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christine_Branche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christine Branche (page does not exist)">Christine Branche</a> (acting, 2008–2009)</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Fighter_Near-Miss_Reporting_System" title="National Fire Fighter Near-Miss Reporting System">National Fire Fighter Near-Miss Reporting System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_through_design" title="Prevention through design">Prevention through design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_exposure_banding" title="Occupational exposure banding">Occupational exposure banding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Industrial_Hygiene" title="Division of Industrial Hygiene">Division of Industrial Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N95_respirator" title="N95 respirator">N95 respirator</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cincinnati+Enquirer&rft.atitle=%24110+million+allocated+to+build+new+NIOSH+facility&rft.date=2015-02-23&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=Emilie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cincinnati.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2015%2F02%2F23%2F110-million-allocated-to-build-new-niosh-facility%2F23838781%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge2017" class="citation web cs1">Coolidge, Alexander (2017-07-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cincinnati.com/story/money/2017/07/13/avondale-pitched-get-consolidated-niosh-center/476567001/">"Avondale could land $110M federal building"</a>. <i>The Cincinnati Enquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cincinnati+Enquirer&rft.atitle=Avondale+could+land+%24110M+federal+building&rft.date=2017-07-13&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cincinnati.com%2Fstory%2Fmoney%2F2017%2F07%2F13%2Favondale-pitched-get-consolidated-niosh-center%2F476567001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=CDC-2017-0059-0032">"Draft Environmental Impact Statement: Site Acquisition and Campus Consolidation Cincinnati, Ohio"</a>. <i>U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and U.S. General Services Administration</i>. 2018-02-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+and+U.S.+General+Services+Administration&rft.atitle=Draft+Environmental+Impact+Statement%3A+Site+Acquisition+and+Campus+Consolidation+Cincinnati%2C+Ohio&rft.date=2018-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.regulations.gov%2Fdocument%3FD%3DCDC-2017-0059-0032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHolthaus2019" class="citation web cs1">Holthaus, David (2019-09-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soapboxmedia.com/devnews/New-Uptown-Corridor-tenants-NIOSH.aspx">"New tenants in the Uptown Innovation Corridor will include chemists, biologists, and engineers"</a>. <i>Soapbox Cincinnati</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Soapbox+Cincinnati&rft.atitle=New+tenants+in+the+Uptown+Innovation+Corridor+will+include+chemists%2C+biologists%2C+and+engineers&rft.date=2019-09-10&rft.aulast=Holthaus&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soapboxmedia.com%2Fdevnews%2FNew-Uptown-Corridor-tenants-NIOSH.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Anthrax Cleanup of Capitol Hill." Documentary by Xin Wang produced by the EPA Alumni Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epaalumni.org/history/video/interview.cfm?id=32">Video</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epaalumni.org/userdata/pdf/6C70838638374E92.pdf#page=1">Transcript</a> (see p. 3, 4, 5). May 12, 2015.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoelofs2007" class="citation cs2">Roelofs, Cora (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-4lTEuFWtdIC&pg=PA23"><i>Preventing Hazards at the Source</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Industrial_Hygiene_Association" title="American Industrial Hygiene Association">AIHA</a>, pp. <span class="nowrap">23–</span>31, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931504-83-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931504-83-6"><bdi>978-1-931504-83-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preventing+Hazards+at+the+Source&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&rft.pub=AIHA&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-931504-83-6&rft.aulast=Roelofs&rft.aufirst=Cora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-4lTEuFWtdIC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZak_Figura1995" class="citation cs2">Zak Figura, Susannah (October 1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424125556/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-17635128/niosh-under-siege">"NIOSH under siege"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/EHS_Today" title="EHS Today">Occupational Hazards</a></i>, <b>57</b> (10), <a href="/wiki/Penton_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Penton Media">Penton Media</a>: 161, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-17635128/niosh-under-siege">the original</a> on April 24, 2019</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Hazards&rft.atitle=NIOSH+under+siege&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=161&rft.date=1995-10&rft.aulast=Zak+Figura&rft.aufirst=Susannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fmagazine%2F1G1-17635128%2Fniosh-under-siege&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gerryowood.com/uploads/3/4/7/2/34729297/atom72.pdf">A Sideline Mushroomed</a> - A summary of collaboration between LANL and <a href="/wiki/NIOSH" class="mw-redirect" title="NIOSH">NIOSH</a> in the field of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_hygiene" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial hygiene">industrial hygiene</a></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Related media at Wikimedia Commons: </p> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Statistical_methods_noncompliance_with_occupational_health_standards.pdf" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Statistical methods noncompliance with occupational health standards.pdf">Statistical Methods for the Determination of Noncompliance with Occupational Health Standards (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_Sociological_analysis_of_the_reduction_of_hazardous_radiation_in_uranium_mines.pdf" class="extiw" title="commons:File:A Sociological analysis of the reduction of hazardous radiation in uranium mines.pdf">A Sociological Analysis of the Reduction in Hazardous Radiation in Uranium Mines (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NIOSH_membrane_filter_method_for_evaluating_airborne_asbestos_fibers.pdf" class="extiw" title="commons:File:NIOSH membrane filter method for evaluating airborne asbestos fibers.pdf">USPHS/NIOSH Membrane Filter Method for Evaluating Airborne Asbestos Fibers (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Evaluation_of_the_NIOSH_certification_program.pdf" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Evaluation of the NIOSH certification program.pdf">Evaluation of the NIOSH Certification Program Division of Safety Research Testing and 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href="/wiki/Occupational_disease" title="Occupational disease">Occupational <br />diseases</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Occupational_injury" title="Occupational injury">injuries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrodynia" title="Acrodynia">Acrodynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbestosis" title="Asbestosis">Asbestosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_asthma" title="Occupational asthma">Asthma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">Barotrauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berylliosis" title="Berylliosis">Berylliosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brucellosis" title="Brucellosis">Brucellosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_burnout" title="Occupational burnout">Burnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byssinosis" title="Byssinosis">Byssinosis ("brown lung")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_cardiovascular_disease" title="Occupational cardiovascular disease">Cardiovascular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalicosis" title="Chalicosis">Chalicosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_solvent-induced_encephalopathy" title="Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy">Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_stress" title="Chronic stress">Chronic stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_sweeps%27_carcinoma" title="Chimney sweeps' carcinoma">Chimney sweeps' carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalworker%27s_pneumoconiosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalworker's pneumoconiosis">Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concussions_in_sport" title="Concussions in sport">Concussions in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_sickness" title="Decompression sickness">Decompression sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">De Quervain syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erethism" title="Erethism">Erethism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hazards_associated_with_exposure_to_human_nail_dust" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational hazards associated with exposure to human nail dust">Exposure to human nail dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%27s_lung" title="Farmer's lung">Farmer's lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddler%27s_neck" title="Fiddler's neck">Fiddler's neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flock_worker%27s_lung" title="Flock worker's lung">Flock worker's lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassblower%27s_cataract" title="Glassblower's cataract">Glassblower's cataract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golfer%27s_elbow" title="Golfer's elbow">Golfer's elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearing_loss" title="Hearing loss">Hearing loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital-acquired_infection" title="Hospital-acquired infection">Hospital-acquired infection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium_lung" title="Indium lung">Indium lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_animal_allergy" title="Laboratory animal allergy">Laboratory animal allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning#Occupational_exposure" title="Lead poisoning">Lead poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_back_pain" title="Low back pain">Low back pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesothelioma" title="Mesothelioma">Mesothelioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_fume_fever" title="Metal fume fever">Metal fume fever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mule_spinners%27_cancer" title="Mule spinners' cancer">Mule spinners' cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise-induced_hearing_loss" title="Noise-induced hearing loss">Noise-induced hearing loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phossy_jaw" title="Phossy jaw">Phossy jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumoconiosis" title="Pneumoconiosis">Pneumoconiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radium_jaw" title="Radium jaw">Radium jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury" title="Repetitive strain injury">Repetitive strain injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicosis" title="Silicosis">Silicosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silo-filler%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Silo-filler's disease">Silo-filler's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_injury" title="Sports injury">Sports injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfer%27s_ear" title="Surfer's ear">Surfer's ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis_elbow" title="Tennis elbow">Tennis elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">Tinnitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writer%27s_cramp" title="Writer's cramp">Writer's cramp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hygiene" title="Occupational hygiene">Occupational <br />hygiene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hazard" title="Occupational hazard">Occupational hazard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_hazard" title="Biological hazard">Biological hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_hazard" title="Chemical hazard">Chemical hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_hazard" title="Physical hazard">Physical hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychosocial_hazard" title="Psychosocial hazard">Psychosocial hazard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_stress" title="Occupational stress">Occupational stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls" title="Hierarchy of hazard controls">Hierarchy of hazard controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_through_design" title="Prevention through design">Prevention through design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_assessment" title="Exposure assessment">Exposure assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_exposure_limit" title="Occupational exposure limit">Occupational exposure limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_epidemiology" title="Occupational epidemiology">Occupational epidemiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_health_surveillance" title="Workplace health surveillance">Workplace health surveillance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_health" title="Environmental health">Environmental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">Industrial engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_nursing" title="Occupational health nursing">Occupational health nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology" title="Occupational health psychology">Occupational health psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Occupational medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapist" title="Occupational therapist">Occupational therapist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_engineering" title="Safety engineering">Safety engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_occupational_safety_and_health_agencies" title="List of occupational safety and health agencies">Agencies</a> and <br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Agency_for_Safety_and_Health_at_Work" title="European Agency for Safety and Health at Work">European Agency for Safety and Health at Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Centre_for_Occupational_Health_and_Safety" title="Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety">Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_nazionale_per_l%27assicurazione_contro_gli_infortuni_sul_lavoro" title="Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro">Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Safety_and_Health_at_Work" title="National Institute for Safety and Health at Work">National Institute for Safety and Health at Work</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Safety_Executive" title="Health and Safety Executive">Health and Safety Executive</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (US)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accord_on_Fire_and_Building_Safety_in_Bangladesh" title="Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh">Bangladesh Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OHSAS_18001" title="OHSAS 18001">OHSAS 18001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">ISO 45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Convention,_1981" title="Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981">Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_Protection_Standard" title="Worker Protection Standard">Worker Protection Standard</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Environment_(Air_Pollution,_Noise_and_Vibration)_Convention,_1977" title="Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977">Working Environment Convention, 1977</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checklist" title="Checklist">Checklist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_practice" title="Code of practice">Code of practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingency_plan" title="Contingency plan">Contingency plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_safety" title="Diving safety">Diving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_procedure" title="Emergency procedure">Emergency procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation" title="Emergency evacuation">Emergency evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard" title="Hazard">Hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls" title="Hierarchy of hazard controls">Hierarchy of hazard controls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_elimination" title="Hazard elimination">Hazard elimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_controls" title="Administrative controls">Administrative controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_controls" title="Engineering controls">Engineering controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_substitution" title="Hazard substitution">Hazard substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective equipment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_safety_analysis" title="Job safety analysis">Job safety analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockout-tagout" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockout-tagout">Lockout-tagout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permit_To_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="Permit To Work">Permit To Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_manual" title="Operations manual">Operations manual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redundancy_(engineering)" title="Redundancy (engineering)">Redundancy (engineering)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_assessment" title="Risk assessment">Risk assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_culture" title="Safety culture">Safety culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_operating_procedure" title="Standard operating procedure">Standard operating procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immediately_dangerous_to_life_or_health" title="Immediately dangerous to life or health">Immediately dangerous to life or health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_regulations" title="Diving regulations">Diving regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Act_(United_States)" title="Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)">Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potty_parity" title="Potty parity">Potty parity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Potty_parity_in_the_United_States" title="Potty parity in the United States">United States</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sit" title="Right to sit">Right to sit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Right_to_sit_in_the_United_States" title="Right to sit in the United States">United States</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_right_to_access_the_toilet" title="Workers' right to access the toilet">Workers' right to access the toilet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">Aerosol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_(work)" title="Break (work)">Break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_room" title="Break room">Break room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_overtime" title="Effects of overtime">Effects of overtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment,_health_and_safety" title="Environment, health and safety">Environment, health and safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_toxicology" title="Environmental toxicology">Environmental toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Fighter_Fatality_Investigation_and_Prevention_Program" title="Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program">Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawks_Nest_Tunnel_disaster" title="Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster">Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_physics" title="Health physics">Health physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostile_work_environment" title="Hostile work environment">Hostile work environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_air_quality" title="Indoor air quality">Indoor air quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Safety_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="International Chemical Safety Card">International Chemical Safety Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_strain" title="Job strain">Job strain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Mourning_(Canadian_observance)" title="National Day of Mourning (Canadian observance)">National Day of Mourning (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIOSH_air_filtration_rating" title="NIOSH air filtration rating">NIOSH air filtration rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwork" title="Overwork">Overwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_safety" title="Process safety">Process safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_of_working_life" title="Quality of working life">Quality of working life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_control_(respiratory_disease)" title="Source control (respiratory disease)">Source control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_tort" title="Toxic tort">Toxic tort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_workplace" title="Toxic workplace">Toxic workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_compensation" title="Workers' compensation">Workers' compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_health_promotion" title="Workplace health promotion">Workplace health promotion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Category:Occupational safety and health">Category</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Occupational_diseases" title="Category:Occupational diseases">Occupational diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Occupational_safety_and_health_journals" title="Category:Occupational safety and health journals">Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Occupational_safety_and_health_organizations" title="Category:Occupational safety and health organizations">Organizations</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Occupational_safety_and_health" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Occupational safety and health">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_research_and_development_agencies_of_the_United_States_(list)1072" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_research_agencies" title="Template:United States research agencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_research_agencies" title="Template talk:United States research agencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_research_agencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States research agencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federal_research_and_development_agencies_of_the_United_States_(list)1072" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Federal <a href="/wiki/Science_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Science policy of the United States">research and development agencies</a> of the United States (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_research_and_development_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States research and development agencies">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent<br />agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> (NSF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a> (NASA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> Office of Research and Development</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Advanced_Research_Projects_Activity" title="Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity">Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity</a> (IARPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution#Smithsonian_research_centers_and_programs" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution research centers and programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a> (ARS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Food_and_Agriculture" title="National Institute of Food and Agriculture">National Institute of Food and Agriculture</a> (NIFA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Research_Service" title="Economic Research Service">Economic Research Service</a> (ERS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service#Research_Stations_and_Research_Work_Units" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service Research and Development</a> (R&D)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> (NIST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Combat_Capabilities_Development_Command" title="United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command">Army Combat Capabilities Development Command</a> (CCDCOM) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Research_Laboratory" title="United States Army Research Laboratory">Army Research Laboratory</a> (ARL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Capabilities_Development_Command_Soldier_Center" title="Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center">Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center</a> (CCDCSC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_CCDC_Armaments_Center" title="United States Army CCDC Armaments Center">CCDC Armaments Center</a> (CCDCAC) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picatinny_Arsenal" title="Picatinny Arsenal">Picatinny Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben%C3%A9t_Laboratories" title="Benét Laboratories">Benét Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watervliet_Arsenal" title="Watervliet Arsenal">Watervliet Arsenal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Test_and_Evaluation_Command" title="United States Army Test and Evaluation Command">Test and Evaluation Command</a> (ATEC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Research_and_Development_Command" title="United States Army Medical Research and Development Command">United States Army Medical Research and Development Command</a> (USAMRDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineer_Research_and_Development_Center" title="Engineer Research and Development Center">Engineer Research and Development Center</a> (ERDC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marine Corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Combat_Development_Command" title="Marine Corps Combat Development Command">Marine Corps Combat Development Command</a> (MCCDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Warfighting_Laboratory" title="United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory">Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory</a> (MCWL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Activity" title="Marine Corps Operational Test and Evaluation Activity">Marine Corps Operational Test and Evaluation Activity</a> (MCOTEA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Research" title="Office of Naval Research">Office of Naval Research</a> (ONR) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Research_Laboratory" title="United States Naval Research Laboratory">Naval Research Laboratory</a> (NRL)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Medical_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Medical Research Center">Naval Medical Research Center</a> (NMRC)</li> <li>Naval Warfare Centers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Warfare_Center" title="Naval Air Warfare Center">Air</a> (NAWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Surface_Warfare_Center" title="Naval Surface Warfare Center">Surface</a> (NSWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Undersea_Warfare_Center" title="Naval Undersea Warfare Center">Undersea</a> (NUWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Command,_Control_and_Ocean_Surveillance_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center">Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance</a> (NCCOSC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Weapons_Station_China_Lake" title="Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake">Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake</a> (NAWS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School" title="Naval Postgraduate School">Naval Postgraduate School</a> (NPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Force" title="Operational Test and Evaluation Force">Operational Test and Evaluation Force</a> (OPTEVFOR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" title="Air Force Materiel Command">Air Force Materiel Command</a> (AFMC) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Armament_Center" title="Air Armament Center">Air Armament Center</a> (AAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory" title="Air Force Research Laboratory">Air Force Research Laboratory</a> (AFRL)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Life_Cycle_Management_Center" title="Air Force Life Cycle Management Center">Air Force Life Cycle Management Center</a> (AFLCMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Nuclear_Weapons_Center" title="Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center">Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center</a> (NWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Institute_of_Technology" title="Air Force Institute of Technology">Air Force Institute of Technology</a> (AFIT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Center" title="Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center">Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center</a> (AFOTEC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Systems_Command" title="Space Systems Command">Space Systems Command</a> (SSC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a> (DARPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_Services_University_of_the_Health_Sciences" title="Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences">Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences</a> (USU)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Education_Sciences" title="Institute of Education Sciences">Institute of Education Sciences</a> (IES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_on_Disability,_Independent_Living,_and_Rehabilitation_Research" title="National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research">National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research</a> (NIDILRR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science" title="Office of Science">Office of Science</a> (DOE SC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARPA-E" title="ARPA-E">Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy</a> (ARPA-E)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_National_Laboratories" title="United States Department of Energy National Laboratories">National Laboratories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Health and<br />Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration#Science_and_research_programs" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration science and research programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Healthcare_Research_and_Quality" title="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</a> (AHRQ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomedical_Advanced_Research_and_Development_Authority" title="Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority">Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority</a> (BARDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_Innovation" title="Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation">Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation</a> (CMMI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency_for_Health" title="Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health">Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health</a> (ARPA-H)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate" title="DHS Science and Technology Directorate">Science and Technology Directorate</a> (S&T)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Research_and_Development_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Coast Guard Research and Development Center">Coast Guard Research and Development Center </a> (CG RDC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> (USGS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Justice" title="National Institute of Justice">National Institute of Justice</a> (NIJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI_Science_and_Technology_Branch" title="FBI Science and Technology Branch">FBI Science and Technology Branch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_Innovative_Technology_Administration" title="Research and Innovative Technology Administration">Research and Innovative Technology Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> Research, Engineering, and Development</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration">Federal Highway Administration</a> Research and Technology</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Financial_Research" title="Office of Financial Research">Office of Financial Research</a> (OFR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Veterans Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Health_Administration_Office_of_Research_and_Development" title="Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development">Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development</a> (ORD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office<br />of the President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> (OSTP) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Global_Change_Research_Program" title="U.S. Global Change Research Program">U.S. Global Change Research Program</a> (USGCRP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Networking_and_Information_Technology_Research_and_Development" title="Networking and Information Technology Research and Development">Networking and Information Technology Research and Development</a> Program (NITRD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Nanotechnology_Initiative" title="National Nanotechnology Initiative">National Nanotechnology Initiative</a> (NNI)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative branch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Science,_Space,_and_Technology" title="United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology">House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Technology_Assessment" title="Office of Technology Assessment">Office of Technology Assessment</a> (OTA) <i>(defunct)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial branch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Richard_Nixon1004" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Richard_Nixon" title="Template:Richard Nixon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Richard_Nixon" title="Template talk:Richard Nixon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Richard_Nixon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Richard Nixon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Richard_Nixon1004" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">37th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1969–1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">36th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1953–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">from California</a> (1950–1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/California%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="California's 12th congressional district">CA–12</a> (1947–1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidential transition of Richard Nixon">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="First inauguration of Richard Nixon">First inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Second inauguration of Richard Nixon">Second inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bring_Us_Together" title="Bring Us Together">Bring Us Together</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixonomics" title="Nixonomics">Economic policies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_shock" title="Nixon shock">Nixon shock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_Baby_Option" class="mw-redirect" title="Tar Baby Option">Tar Baby Option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reorganization_Plan_No._3" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganization Plan No. 3">creation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Nixon_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Space exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Cancer">1971 National Cancer Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Menu" title="Operation Menu">Cambodian bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Accords" title="Paris Peace Accords">Paris Peace Accords</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Peace_with_Honor" title="Peace with Honor">Peace with Honor</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamization" title="Vietnamization">Vietnamization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_majority" title="Silent majority">Silent majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1962%E2%80%931979)" title="Cold War (1962–1979)">Cold War period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linkage_(policy)" title="Linkage (policy)">Linkage policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Drug_Abuse_Prevention_and_Control_Act_of_1970" title="Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970">Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_visit_to_the_Lincoln_Memorial" title="Richard Nixon's visit to the Lincoln Memorial">1970 Lincoln Memorial visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit to China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Communiqu%C3%A9" title="Shanghai Communiqué">Shanghai Communiqué</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Summit_(1972)" title="Moscow Summit (1972)">1972 Moscow Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">SALT I Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War">Prevention of Nuclear War Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_Test_Ban_Treaty" title="Threshold Test Ban Treaty">Threshold Test Ban Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1973" title="Endangered Species Act of 1973">Endangered Species Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafer_Commission" title="Shafer Commission">National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration#History_and_mandate" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Richard_Nixon_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Richard Nixon administration">Cannabis policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon%27s_Enemies_List" title="Nixon's Enemies List">Enemies List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_list_of_Nixon%27s_political_opponents" title="Master list of Nixon's political opponents">list of opponents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_CHAOS" title="Operation CHAOS">Operation CHAOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Watergate_scandal" title="Timeline of the Watergate scandal">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_White_House_tapes" title="Nixon White House tapes">White House tapes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Nixon" title="United States v. Nixon">United States v. Nixon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Watergate_Committee" title="United States Senate Watergate Committee">Senate Watergate Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_process_against_Richard_Nixon" title="Impeachment process against Richard Nixon">impeachment process</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_am_not_a_crook" class="mw-redirect" title="I am not a crook">I am not a crook</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal#Resignation" title="Watergate scandal">Resignation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_resignation_speech" title="Richard Nixon's resignation speech">speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Pardon of Richard Nixon">Pardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1970 State of the Union Address">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1971 State of the Union Address">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1972 State of the Union Address">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1973 State of the Union Address">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1974 State of the Union Address">1974</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_desk" title="Wilson desk">Wilson desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Richard Nixon Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Richard Nixon judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Richard_Milhous_Nixon/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Richard Milhous Nixon/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Richard_Milhous_Nixon/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Richard Milhous Nixon/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Foundation" title="Richard Nixon Foundation">Richard Nixon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthplace_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Birthplace of Richard Nixon">Birthplace and boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkers_speech" title="Checkers speech">Checkers speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Richard_Nixon%27s_motorcade" title="Attack on Richard Nixon's motorcade">1958 motorcade attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_40" title="Operation 40">Operation 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_November_1962_press_conference" title="Richard Nixon's November 1962 press conference">"Last press conference"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_White_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida White House">Florida White House</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/La_Casa_Pacifica" title="La Casa Pacifica">La Casa Pacifica</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Nixon Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nixon_v._General_Services_Administration" title="Nixon v. General Services Administration">Nixon v. General Services Administration</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Death and state funeral of Richard Nixon">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Six_Crises" title="Six Crises"><i>Six Crises</i> (1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Bibliography of Richard Nixon">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Electoral history of Richard Nixon">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>U.S. House of Representatives: <a href="/wiki/1946_California%27s_12th_congressional_district_election" title="1946 California's 12th congressional district election">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections">1948</a></li> <li>U.S. Senate: <a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1950 United States Senate election in California">1950</a></li> <li>California gubernatorial election: <a href="/wiki/1962_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 California gubernatorial election">1962</a></li> <li>GOP presidential primaries: <a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Republican Party presidential primaries">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Republican Party presidential primaries">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Republican Party presidential primaries">1972</a></li> <li>GOP national conventions: <a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention" title="1960 Republican National Convention">1960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention" title="1972 Republican National Convention">1972</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1972_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1972 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential elections: <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1960 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Cultural depictions of Richard Nixon">Popular<br />culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Nixon_goes_to_China" title="Nixon goes to China">Nixon goes to China</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millhouse_(film)" title="Millhouse (film)"><i>Millhouse</i> (1971 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Evening_with_Richard_Nixon" title="An Evening with Richard Nixon">An Evening with Richard Nixon</a></i> (1972 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_(film)" title="Richard (film)">Richard</a></i> (1972 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Nice_Mess" title="Another Nice Mess">Another Nice Mess</a></i> (1972 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_More_Years" title="Four More Years"><i>Four More Years</i> (1972 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeach_the_President" title="Impeach the President"><i>Impeach the President</i> (1973 song)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Werewolf_of_Washington" title="The Werewolf of Washington">The Werewolf of Washington</a></i> (1973 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Madness" title="White House Madness"><i>White House Madness</i> (1975 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_President%27s_Men_(film)" title="All the President's Men (film)"><i>All the President's Men</i> (1976 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Public_Burning" title="The Public Burning">The Public Burning</a></i> (1977 novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington:_Behind_Closed_Doors" title="Washington: Behind Closed Doors">Washington: Behind Closed Doors</a></i> (1977 miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Honor" title="Secret Honor"><i>Secret Honor</i> (1984 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_in_China" title="Nixon in China"><i>Nixon in China</i> (1987 opera)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Days_(1989_film)" title="The Final Days (1989 film)">The Final Days</a></i> (1989 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_(film)" title="Nixon (film)"><i>Nixon</i> (1995 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Meets_Nixon" title="Elvis Meets Nixon"><i>Elvis Meets Nixon</i> (1997 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Futurama_characters#Richard_Nixon" title="List of Futurama characters">Futurama</a></i> (1999 TV series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_(film)" title="Dick (film)"><i>Dick</i> (1999 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nixon%27s_China_Game" title="Nixon's China Game">Nixon's China Game</a></i> (2000 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Side_of_the_Moon_(2002_film)" title="Dark Side of the Moon (2002 film)">Dark Side of the Moon</a></i> (2002 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Assassination_of_Richard_Nixon" title="The Assassination of Richard Nixon">The Assassination of Richard Nixon</a></i> (2004 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_interviews" title="Nixon interviews">Frost–Nixon interviews</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frost/Nixon_(play)" title="Frost/Nixon (play)">2006 play</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frost/Nixon_(film)" title="Frost/Nixon (film)">2008 film</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Dynamite" title="Black Dynamite">Black Dynamite</a></i> (2009 film)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Impossible_Astronaut" title="The Impossible Astronaut">The Impossible Astronaut</a>" (2011 TV episode)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Nixon" title="Our Nixon"><i>Our Nixon</i> (2013 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X-Men:_Days_of_Future_Past" title="X-Men: Days of Future Past">X-Men: Days of Future Past</a></i> (2014 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crooked_(novel)" title="Crooked (novel)">Crooked</a></i> (2015 novel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_%26_Nixon" title="Elvis & Nixon"><i>Elvis & Nixon</i> (2016 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Post_(film)" title="The Post (film)">The Post</a></i> (2017 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Watergate_(board_game)" title="Watergate (board game)">Watergate</a></i> (2019 board game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Richard_M._Nixon" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. postage stamp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Recordings_and_Materials_Preservation_Act" title="Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act">Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Townhouse" title="Presidential Townhouse">Presidential Townhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_mask" title="Richard Nixon mask">Richard Nixon mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_diamond" title="Nixon diamond">Nixon diamond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Brennan" title="Jack Brennan">Jack Brennan</a> (aide de camp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Chotiner" title="Murray Chotiner">Murray Chotiner</a> (early campaign manager)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolo_Sanchez_(Nixon_staff_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manolo Sanchez (Nixon staff member)">Manolo Sanchez</a> (valet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mary_Woods" title="Rose Mary Woods">Rose Mary Woods</a> (secretary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Nixon" title="Pat Nixon">Thelma "Pat" Ryan Nixon</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricia_Nixon_Cox" title="Tricia Nixon Cox">Tricia Nixon Cox</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Nixon_Eisenhower" title="Julie Nixon Eisenhower">Julie Nixon Eisenhower</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nixon_Cox" title="Christopher Nixon Cox">Christopher Nixon Cox</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Eisenhower" title="Jennie Eisenhower">Jennie Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_A._Nixon" title="Francis A. Nixon">Francis A. Nixon</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Milhous_Nixon" title="Hannah Milhous Nixon">Hannah Milhous Nixon</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Nixon" title="Donald Nixon">Donald Nixon</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Nixon" title="Edward Nixon">Edward Nixon</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">← Lyndon B. Johnson</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Richard_Nixon" title="Category:Richard Nixon">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60346#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4786" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60346#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4786" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60346#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404230663">ISNI</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/127829242">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/533523/">FAST</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Washington, DC)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1048976-9">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79063156">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National institute for occupational safety and health (Etats-Unis)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12007360t">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National institute for occupational safety and health (Etats-Unis)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12007360t">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="アメリカ合衆国国立労働安全衛生研究所"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00276298">Japan</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35831239">Australia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText 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