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Isotopes of iodine - Wikipedia

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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_isotopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_isotopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>List of isotopes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_isotopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_radioisotopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_radioisotopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notable radioisotopes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_radioisotopes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable radioisotopes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_radioisotopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iodine-123_and_iodine-125" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iodine-123_and_iodine-125"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Iodine-123 and iodine-125</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iodine-123_and_iodine-125-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iodine-124" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iodine-124"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Iodine-124</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iodine-124-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iodine-129" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iodine-129"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Iodine-129</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iodine-129-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iodine-131" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iodine-131"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Iodine-131</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iodine-131-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iodine-135" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iodine-135"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Iodine-135</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iodine-135-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iodine-128_and_other_isotopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iodine-128_and_other_isotopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Iodine-128 and other isotopes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iodine-128_and_other_isotopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nonradioactive_iodide_(127I)_as_protection_from_unwanted_radioiodine_uptake_by_the_thyroid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nonradioactive_iodide_(127I)_as_protection_from_unwanted_radioiodine_uptake_by_the_thyroid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nonradioactive iodide (<sup>127</sup>I) as protection from unwanted radioiodine uptake by the thyroid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nonradioactive_iodide_(127I)_as_protection_from_unwanted_radioiodine_uptake_by_the_thyroid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Isotopes of iodine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF" title="نظائر اليود – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظائر اليود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%B2tops_del_iode" title="Isòtops del iode – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Isòtops del iode" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Йод изотопĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йод изотопĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopy_jodu" title="Izotopy jodu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Izotopy jodu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Is%C3%B3topos_de_yodo" title="Anexo:Isótopos de yodo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Isótopos de yodo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopoj_de_jodo" title="Izotopoj de jodo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Izotopoj de jodo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="ایزوتوپ‌های ید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایزوتوپ‌های ید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_de_l%27iode" title="Isotopes de l&#039;iode – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isotopes de l&#039;iode" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%94%98_%EB%8F%99%EC%9C%84_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="아이오딘 동위 원소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이오딘 동위 원소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop_iodin" title="Isotop iodin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Isotop iodin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="იოდის იზოტოპები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოდის იზოტოპები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_j%C3%B3d_izot%C3%B3pjai" title="A jód izotópjai – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A jód izotópjai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopen_van_jodium" title="Isotopen van jodium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Isotopen van jodium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%82%A6%E7%B4%A0%E3%81%AE%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E4%BD%93" title="ヨウ素の同位体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨウ素の同位体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopii_iodului" title="Izotopii iodului – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Izotopii iodului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Изотопы иода – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изотопы иода" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%98%E5%98%85%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="碘嘅同位素 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="碘嘅同位素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%98%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="碘的同位素 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="碘的同位素" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Isotopes+of+iodine%22">"Isotopes of iodine"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Isotopes+of+iodine%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Isotopes+of+iodine%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Isotopes+of+iodine%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Isotopes+of+iodine%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">Isotopes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a>&#160;<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<sub>53</sub>I)</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Main isotopes </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">Decay</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">abun&#173;dance</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>)</span> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay#Types_of_decay" title="Radioactive decay">mode</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">pro&#173;duct</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine-123" title="Iodine-123"><sup>123</sup>I</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_radioisotope" title="Synthetic radioisotope">synth</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004476035200000000♠"></span>13.2232&#160;h</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_plus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta plus decay">β<sup>+</sup></a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;">100%</span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium-123" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium-123"><sup>123</sup>Te</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>124</sup>I </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005360806400000000♠"></span>4.1760&#160;d</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">ε</a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium-124" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium-124"><sup>124</sup>Te</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine-125" title="Iodine-125"><sup>125</sup>I</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006513146880000000♠"></span>59.392&#160;d</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">ε</span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium-125" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium-125"><sup>125</sup>Te</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>127</sup>I </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">100% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Stable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable isotope">stable</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine-129" title="Iodine-129"><sup>129</sup>I</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Trace_radioisotope" title="Trace radioisotope">trace</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7014509339664000000♠"></span>1.614<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>7</sup>&#160;y</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_minus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta minus decay">β<sup>−</sup></a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon-129" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenon-129"><sup>129</sup>Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine-131" title="Iodine-131"><sup>131</sup>I</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005693351360000000♠"></span>8.0249&#160;d</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">β<sup>−</sup></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;">100%</span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon-131" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenon-131"><sup>131</sup>Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>135</sup>I </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004236880000000000♠"></span>6.58&#160;h</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">β<sup>−</sup></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon-135" title="Xenon-135"><sup>135</sup>Xe</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">Standard atomic weight</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i>A</i><sub>r</sub>&#176;(I)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002126904470000000♠"></span>126.904<span style="margin-left:.25em;">47</span><span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.000<span style="margin-left:.25em;">03</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002126900000000000♠"></span>126.90<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.01</span>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight#Abridged_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">abridged</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="background: #e8e8e8;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_iodine_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox iodine isotopes"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_iodine_isotopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Infobox iodine isotopes"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_iodine_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox iodine isotopes"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are 40 known <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a> (<sub>53</sub>I) from <sup>108</sup>I to <sup>147</sup>I; all undergo radioactive decay except <sup>127</sup>I, which is stable. Iodine is thus a <a href="/wiki/Monoisotopic_element" title="Monoisotopic element">monoisotopic element</a>. </p><p>Its longest-lived <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive isotope">radioactive isotope</a>, <sup>129</sup>I, has a half-life of 16.14 million years, which is far too short for it to exist as a <a href="/wiki/Primordial_nuclide" title="Primordial nuclide">primordial nuclide</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cosmogenic_nuclide" title="Cosmogenic nuclide">Cosmogenic</a> sources of <sup>129</sup>I produce very tiny quantities of it that are too small to affect atomic weight measurements; iodine is thus also a <a href="/wiki/Mononuclidic_element" title="Mononuclidic element">mononuclidic element</a>—one that is found in nature only as a single nuclide. Most <sup>129</sup>I derived radioactivity on Earth is man-made, an unwanted long-lived byproduct of early nuclear tests and nuclear fission accidents. </p><p>All other iodine radioisotopes have half-lives less than 60 days, and four of these are used as tracers and therapeutic agents in medicine. These are <sup>123</sup>I, <sup>124</sup>I, <sup>125</sup>I, and <sup>131</sup>I. All industrial production of radioactive iodine isotopes involves these four useful radionuclides. </p><p>The isotope <sup>135</sup>I has a half-life less than seven hours, which is too short to be used in biology. Unavoidable <i>in situ</i> production of this isotope is important in nuclear reactor control, as it decays to <sup>135</sup>Xe, the most powerful known <a href="/wiki/Neutron_absorber" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutron absorber">neutron absorber</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Nuclide" title="Nuclide">nuclide</a> responsible for the so-called <a href="/wiki/Iodine_pit" title="Iodine pit">iodine pit</a> phenomenon. </p><p>In addition to commercial production, <sup>131</sup>I (half-life 8 days) is one of the common radioactive <a href="/wiki/Fission_product_yield" title="Fission product yield">fission products</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">nuclear fission</a>, and is thus produced inadvertently in very large amounts inside <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactors</a>. Due to its volatility, short half-life, and high abundance in fission products, <sup>131</sup>I (along with the short-lived iodine isotope <sup>132</sup>I, which is produced from the decay of <sup>132</sup>Te with a half-life of 3 days) is responsible for the largest part of <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_contamination" title="Radioactive contamination">radioactive contamination</a> during the first week after accidental environmental contamination from the <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">radioactive waste</a> from a nuclear power plant. Thus highly dosed <a href="/wiki/Iodine_supplements" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine supplements">iodine supplements</a> (usually <a href="/wiki/Potassium_iodide" title="Potassium iodide">potassium iodide</a>) are given to the populace after nuclear accidents or explosions (and in some cases prior to any such incident as a <a href="/wiki/Civil_defense" title="Civil defense">civil defense</a> mechanism) to reduce the uptake of radioactive iodine compounds by the <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid</a> before the highly radioactive isotopes have had time to decay. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AirDoseChernobylVector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/AirDoseChernobylVector.svg/300px-AirDoseChernobylVector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/AirDoseChernobylVector.svg/450px-AirDoseChernobylVector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/AirDoseChernobylVector.svg/600px-AirDoseChernobylVector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The portion of the total radiation activity (in air) contributed by each isotope versus time after the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a>, at the site. Note the prominence of radiation from I-131 and Te-132/I-132 for the first week. (Image using data from the OECD report, and the second edition of 'The radiochemical manual'.<sup id="cite_ref-Nuclear_Data_Evaluation_Lab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuclear_Data_Evaluation_Lab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>)</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_isotopes">List of isotopes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_iodine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: List of isotopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Iodine-106"></span><span class="anchor" id="Iodine-107"></span> </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; white-space: nowrap"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top"> <th rowspan="2">Nuclide<br /><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number"><i>Z</i></a> </th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Neutron_number" title="Neutron number"><i>N</i></a> </th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_mass" title="Atomic mass">Isotopic mass</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">Da</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-AME2020_II_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AME2020_II-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TMS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">Half-life</a><sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-TNN_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNN-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Decay_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Decay mode">Decay<br />mode</a><sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">Daughter<br />isotope</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spin_(particle_physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin (particle physics)">Spin</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Parity_(physics)#Nuclei" title="Parity (physics)">parity</a><sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNN_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNN-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">Isotopic<br />abundance</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Excitation energy<sup id="cite_ref-TNN_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNN-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr id="Iodine-108"> <td rowspan="4"><sup>108</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align:right">55 </td> <td rowspan="4">107.94335(11)# </td> <td rowspan="4">26.4(8)&#160;ms </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpha_decay" title="Alpha decay">α</a> (99.50%) </td> <td><sup>104</sup>Sb </td> <td rowspan="4">1+# </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton_emission" title="Proton emission">p</a> (0.50%) </td> <td><sup>107</sup>Te </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta_decay" title="Beta decay">β<sup>+</sup></a>? </td> <td><sup>108</sup>Te </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup>, p? </td> <td><sup>107</sup>Sb </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-109"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>109</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">56 </td> <td rowspan="2">108.9380860(72) </td> <td rowspan="2">92.8(8)&#160;μs </td> <td>p (99.986%) </td> <td><sup>108</sup>Te </td> <td rowspan="2">(1/2+,3/2+) </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>α (0.014%) </td> <td><sup>105</sup>Sb </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-110"> <td rowspan="4"><sup>110</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align:right">57 </td> <td rowspan="4">109.935085(66) </td> <td rowspan="4">664(24)&#160;ms </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (71%) </td> <td><sup>110</sup>Te </td> <td rowspan="4">(1+) </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>α (17%) </td> <td><sup>106</sup>Sb </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup>, p (11%) </td> <td><sup>109</sup>Sb </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup>, α (1.1%) </td> <td><sup>106</sup>Sn </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-111"> <td rowspan="3"><sup>111</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">58 </td> <td rowspan="3">110.9302692(51) </td> <td rowspan="3">2.5(2)&#160;s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (99.91%) </td> <td><sup>111</sup>Te </td> <td rowspan="3">5/2+# </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>α (0.088%) </td> <td><sup>107</sup>Sb </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup>, p? </td> <td><sup>111</sup>Te </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-112"> <td rowspan="4"><sup>112</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align:right">59 </td> <td rowspan="4">111.928005(11) </td> <td rowspan="4">3.34(8)&#160;s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (99.01%) </td> <td><sup>112</sup>Te </td> <td rowspan="4">1+# </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup>, p (0.88%) </td> <td><sup>111</sup>Sb </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup>, α (0.104%) </td> <td><sup>108</sup>Sn </td></tr> <tr> <td>α (0.0012%) </td> <td><sup>108</sup>Sb </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-113"> <td rowspan="3"><sup>113</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">60 </td> <td rowspan="3">112.9236501(86) </td> <td rowspan="3">6.6(2)&#160;s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>113</sup>Te </td> <td rowspan="3">5/2+# </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>α (3.310×10<sup>−5</sup>#%) </td> <td><sup>109</sup>Sb </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup>, α? </td> <td><sup>109</sup>Sn </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-114"> <td rowspan="3"><sup>114</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">61 </td> <td rowspan="3">113.922019(22) </td> <td rowspan="3">2.01(15)&#160;s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>114</sup>Te </td> <td rowspan="3">1+ </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup>, p? </td> <td><sup>113</sup>Sb </td></tr> <tr> <td>α (7.7×10<sup>−9</sup>#%) </td> <td><sup>110</sup>Sb </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-114m"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-indent:1em"><sup>114m</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">265.9(5)&#160;keV </td> <td rowspan="2">6.2(5)&#160;s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup>? </td> <td><sup>114</sup>Te </td> <td rowspan="2">(7−) </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IT? </td> <td><sup>114</sup>I </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-115"> <td><sup>115</sup>I </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">62 </td> <td>114.918048(31) </td> <td>1.3(2)&#160;min </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>115</sup>Te </td> <td>5/2+# </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-116"> <td><sup>116</sup>I </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">63 </td> <td>115.916886(81) </td> <td>2.91(15)&#160;s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>116</sup>Te </td> <td>1+ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-116m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>116m</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">430.4(5)&#160;keV </td> <td>3.27(16)&#160;μs </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>116</sup>I </td> <td>(7−) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-117"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>117</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">64 </td> <td rowspan="2">116.913646(27) </td> <td rowspan="2">2.22(4)&#160;min </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (77%) </td> <td><sup>117</sup>Te </td> <td rowspan="2">(5/2)+ </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">EC</a> (23%) </td> <td><sup>117</sup>Te </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-118"> <td><sup>118</sup>I </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">65 </td> <td>117.913074(21) </td> <td>13.7(5)&#160;min </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>118</sup>Te </td> <td>(2−) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-118m"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-indent:1em"><sup>118m</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">188.8(7)&#160;keV </td> <td rowspan="2">8.5(5)&#160;min </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>118</sup>Te </td> <td rowspan="2">(7−) </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IT? </td> <td><sup>118</sup>I </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-119"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>119</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">66 </td> <td rowspan="2">118.910061(23) </td> <td rowspan="2">19.1(4)&#160;min </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (51%) </td> <td><sup>119</sup>Te </td> <td rowspan="2">5/2+ </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>EC (49%) </td> <td><sup>119</sup>Te </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-120"> <td><sup>120</sup>I </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">67 </td> <td>119.910094(16) </td> <td>81.67(18)&#160;min </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><b><sup>120</sup>Te</b> </td> <td>2− </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-120m1"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>120m1</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">72.61(9)&#160;keV </td> <td>242(5)&#160;ns </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>120</sup>I </td> <td>3+ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-120m2"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>120m2</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">320(150)&#160;keV </td> <td>53(4)&#160;min </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><b><sup>120</sup>Te</b> </td> <td>(7−) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-121"> <td><sup>121</sup>I </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">68 </td> <td>120.9074115(51) </td> <td>2.12(1)&#160;h </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>121</sup>Te </td> <td>5/2+ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-121m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>121m</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">2376.9(4)&#160;keV </td> <td>9.0(14)&#160;μs </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>121</sup>I </td> <td>21/2+# </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-122"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>122</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">69 </td> <td rowspan="2">121.9075901(56) </td> <td rowspan="2">3.63(6)&#160;min </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (78%) </td> <td><b><sup>122</sup>Te</b> </td> <td rowspan="2">1+ </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>EC (22%) </td> <td><b><sup>122</sup>Te</b> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-122m1"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>122m1</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">314.9(4)&#160;keV </td> <td>193.3(9)&#160;ns </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>122</sup>I </td> <td>7− </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-122m2"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>122m2</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">379.4(5)&#160;keV </td> <td>79.1(12)&#160;μs </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>122</sup>I </td> <td>7− </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-122m3"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>122m3</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">394.1(5)&#160;keV </td> <td>78.2(4)&#160;μs </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>122</sup>I </td> <td>(8+) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-122m4"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>122m4</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">444.1(5)&#160;keV </td> <td>146.5(12)&#160;ns </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>122</sup>I </td> <td>8− </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine-123" title="Iodine-123"><sup>123</sup>I</a><sup id="cite_ref-Med_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Med-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">70 </td> <td>122.9055898(40) </td> <td>13.2232(15)&#160;h </td> <td>EC </td> <td><b><sup>123</sup>Te</b> </td> <td>5/2+ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>124</sup>I<sup id="cite_ref-Med_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Med-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">71 </td> <td>123.9062103(25) </td> <td>4.1760(3)&#160;d </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><b><sup>124</sup>Te</b> </td> <td>2− </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine-125" title="Iodine-125"><sup>125</sup>I</a><sup id="cite_ref-Med_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Med-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">72 </td> <td>124.9046306(15) </td> <td>59.392(8)&#160;d </td> <td>EC </td> <td><b><sup>125</sup>Te</b> </td> <td>5/2+ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-126"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>126</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">73 </td> <td rowspan="2">125.9056242(41) </td> <td rowspan="2">12.93(5)&#160;d </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (52.7%) </td> <td><b><sup>126</sup>Te</b> </td> <td rowspan="2">2− </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (47.3%) </td> <td><b><sup>126</sup>Xe</b> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-126m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>126m</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">111.00(23)&#160;keV </td> <td>128&#160;ns </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>126</sup>I </td> <td>3+ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-127"> <td><sup>127</sup>I<sup id="cite_ref-FP_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">74 </td> <td>126.9044726(39) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>Stable</b> </td> <td>5/2+ </td> <td>1.0000 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><sup>128</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">75 </td> <td rowspan="2">127.9058094(39) </td> <td rowspan="2">24.99(2)&#160;min </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (93.1%) </td> <td><b><sup>128</sup>Xe</b> </td> <td rowspan="2">1+ </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (6.9%) </td> <td><i><b><sup>128</sup>Te</b></i> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-128m1"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>128m1</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">137.851(3)&#160;keV </td> <td>845(20)&#160;ns </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>128</sup>I </td> <td>4− </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-128m2"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>128m2</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">167.368(4)&#160;keV </td> <td>175(15)&#160;ns </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>128</sup>I </td> <td>(6)− </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine-129" title="Iodine-129"><sup>129</sup>I</a><sup id="cite_ref-FP_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">76 </td> <td>128.9049836(34) </td> <td>1.614(12)×10<sup>7</sup>&#160;y </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><b><sup>129</sup>Xe</b> </td> <td>7/2+ </td> <td>Trace<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-130"> <td><sup>130</sup>I </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">77 </td> <td>129.9066702(34) </td> <td>12.36(1)&#160;h </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><b><sup>130</sup>Xe</b> </td> <td>5+ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-130m1"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-indent:1em"><sup>130m1</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">39.9525(13)&#160;keV </td> <td rowspan="2">8.84(6)&#160;min </td> <td>IT (84%) </td> <td><sup>130</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2">2+ </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (16%) </td> <td><b><sup>130</sup>Xe</b> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-130m2"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>130m2</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">69.5865(7)&#160;keV </td> <td>133(7)&#160;ns </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>130</sup>I </td> <td>6− </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-130m3"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>130m3</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">82.3960(19)&#160;keV </td> <td>315(15)&#160;ns </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>130</sup>I </td> <td>(8−) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-130m4"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>130m4</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">85.1099(10)&#160;keV </td> <td>254(4)&#160;ns </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>130</sup>I </td> <td>6− </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine-131" title="Iodine-131"><sup>131</sup>I</a><sup id="cite_ref-FP_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Med_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Med-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">78 </td> <td>130.90612638(65) </td> <td>8.0249(6)&#160;d </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><b><sup>131</sup>Xe</b> </td> <td>7/2+ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-131m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>131m</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">1918.4(4)&#160;keV </td> <td>24(1)&#160;μs </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>131</sup>I </td> <td>19/2− </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-132"> <td><sup>132</sup>I </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">79 </td> <td>131.9079935(44) </td> <td>2.295(13)&#160;h </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><b><sup>132</sup>Xe</b> </td> <td>4+ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-132m"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-indent:1em"><sup>132m</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">110(11)&#160;keV </td> <td rowspan="2">1.387(15)&#160;h </td> <td>IT (86%) </td> <td><sup>132</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2">(8−) </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (14%) </td> <td><b><sup>132</sup>Xe</b> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-133"> <td><sup>133</sup>I </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">80 </td> <td>132.9078284(63) </td> <td>20.83(8)&#160;h </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>133</sup>Xe </td> <td>7/2+ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-133m1"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>133m1</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">1634.148(10)&#160;keV </td> <td>9(2)&#160;s </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>133</sup>I </td> <td>(19/2−) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-133m2"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>133m2</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">1729.137(10)&#160;keV </td> <td>~170&#160;ns </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>133</sup>I </td> <td>(15/2−) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-133m3"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>133m3</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">2493.7(4)&#160;keV </td> <td>469(15)&#160;ns </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>133</sup>I </td> <td>(23/2+) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-134"> <td><sup>134</sup>I </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">81 </td> <td>133.9097757(52) </td> <td>52.5(2)&#160;min </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><b><sup>134</sup>Xe</b> </td> <td>(4)+ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-134m"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-indent:1em"><sup>134m</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">316.49(22)&#160;keV </td> <td rowspan="2">3.52(4)&#160;min </td> <td>IT (97.7%) </td> <td><sup>134</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2">(8)− </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (2.3%) </td> <td><b><sup>134</sup>Xe</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>135</sup>I<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">82 </td> <td>134.9100594(22) </td> <td>6.58(3)&#160;h </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xenon-135" title="Xenon-135"><sup>135</sup>Xe</a> </td> <td>7/2+ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-136"> <td><sup>136</sup>I </td> <td style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right">83 </td> <td>135.914605(15) </td> <td>83.4(4)&#160;s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><i><b><sup>136</sup>Xe</b></i> </td> <td>(1−) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-136m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>136m</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">206(15)&#160;keV </td> <td>46.6(11)&#160;s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><i><b><sup>136</sup>Xe</b></i> </td> <td>(6−) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-137"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>137</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">84 </td> <td rowspan="2">136.9180282(90) </td> <td rowspan="2">24.13(12)&#160;s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (92.49%) </td> <td><sup>137</sup>Xe </td> <td rowspan="2">7/2+# </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Neutron_emission" title="Neutron emission">n</a> (7.51%) </td> <td><i><b><sup>136</sup>Xe</b></i> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-138"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>138</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">85 </td> <td rowspan="2">137.9227264(64) </td> <td rowspan="2">6.26(3)&#160;s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (94.67%) </td> <td><sup>138</sup>Xe </td> <td rowspan="2">(1−) </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, n (5.33%) </td> <td><sup>137</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-138m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>138m</sup>I </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">67.9(3)&#160;keV </td> <td>1.26(16)&#160;μs </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>138</sup>I </td> <td>(3−) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-139"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>139</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">86 </td> <td rowspan="2">138.9264934(43) </td> <td rowspan="2">2.280(11)&#160;s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (90.26%) </td> <td><sup>139</sup>Xe </td> <td rowspan="2">7/2+# </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, n (9.74%) </td> <td><sup>138</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-140"> <td rowspan="3"><sup>140</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">87 </td> <td rowspan="3">139.931716(13) </td> <td rowspan="3">588(10)&#160;ms </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (92.40%) </td> <td><sup>140</sup>Xe </td> <td rowspan="3">(2−) </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, n (7.60%) </td> <td><sup>139</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, 2n? </td> <td><sup>138</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-141"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>141</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">88 </td> <td rowspan="2">140.935666(17) </td> <td rowspan="2">420(7)&#160;ms </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (78.8%) </td> <td><sup>141</sup>Xe </td> <td rowspan="2">7/2+# </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, n (21.2%) </td> <td><sup>140</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-142"> <td rowspan="3"><sup>142</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">89 </td> <td rowspan="3">141.9411666(53) </td> <td rowspan="3">235(11)&#160;ms </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>142</sup>Xe </td> <td rowspan="3">2−# </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, n? </td> <td><sup>141</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, 2n? </td> <td><sup>140</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-143"> <td rowspan="3"><sup>143</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">90 </td> <td rowspan="3">142.94548(22)# </td> <td rowspan="3">182(8)&#160;ms </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>143</sup>Xe </td> <td rowspan="3">7/2+# </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, n? </td> <td><sup>141</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, 2n? </td> <td><sup>140</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-144"> <td rowspan="3"><sup>144</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">91 </td> <td rowspan="3">143.95134(43)# </td> <td rowspan="3">94(8)&#160;ms </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>144</sup>Xe </td> <td rowspan="3">1−# </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, n? </td> <td><sup>143</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, 2n? </td> <td><sup>142</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-145"> <td rowspan="3"><sup>145</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">92 </td> <td rowspan="3">144.95585(54)# </td> <td rowspan="3">89.7(93)&#160;ms </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>145</sup>Xe </td> <td rowspan="3">7/2+# </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, n? </td> <td><sup>144</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, 2n? </td> <td><sup>143</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-146"> <td rowspan="3"><sup>146</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">93 </td> <td rowspan="3">145.96185(32)# </td> <td rowspan="3">94(26)&#160;ms </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>146</sup>Xe </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, n? </td> <td><sup>145</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, 2n? </td> <td><sup>144</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr id="Iodine-147"> <td rowspan="3"><sup>147</sup>I </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">94 </td> <td rowspan="3">146.96651(32)# </td> <td rowspan="3">60#&#160;ms<br />[&gt;550&#160;ns] </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup>? </td> <td><sup>147</sup>Xe </td> <td rowspan="3">3/2-# </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, n? </td> <td><sup>146</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, 2n? </td> <td><sup>145</sup>Xe </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="20" style="text-align:right; line-height:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i>This table header &amp; footer:</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Isotopes_table" title="Template:Isotopes table"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li></ul></div></span> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup>m</sup>I&#160;&#8211;&#32; Excited <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_isomer" title="Nuclear isomer">nuclear isomer</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(&#8201;)&#160;&#8211;&#32; Uncertainty (1<i>&#963;</i>) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TMS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TMS_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">&#x23;&#160;&#8211;&#32; Atomic mass marked &#x23;: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TNN-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TNN_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNN_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNN_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">&#x23;&#160;&#8211;&#32; Values marked &#x23; are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Modes of decay: <table style="margin-left:1.5em;"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.1em; vertical-align: top"> <td>EC:</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">Electron capture</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.1em; vertical-align: top"> <td>IT:</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isomeric_transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomeric transition">Isomeric transition</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.1em; vertical-align: top"> <td>n:</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutron_emission" title="Neutron emission">Neutron emission</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.1em; vertical-align: top"> <td>p:</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton_emission" title="Proton emission">Proton emission</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><b>Bold italics symbol</b></i> as daughter&#160;&#8211;&#32; Daughter product is nearly stable.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Bold symbol</b> as daughter&#160;&#8211;&#32; Daughter product is stable.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(&#8201;) spin value&#160;&#8211;&#32; Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Med-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Med_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Med_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Med_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Med_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Has <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">medical uses</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FP-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FP_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FP_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FP_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fission_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission product">Fission product</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Can be used to date certain early events in Solar System history and some use for dating groundwater</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cosmogenic_nuclide" title="Cosmogenic nuclide">Cosmogenic nuclide</a>, also found as nuclear contamination</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Produced as a decay product of <sup>135</sup>Te in nuclear reactors, in turn decays to <sup>135</sup>Xe, which, if allowed to build up, can shut down reactors due to the <a href="/wiki/Iodine_pit" title="Iodine pit">iodine pit</a> phenomenon</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_radioisotopes">Notable radioisotopes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_iodine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Notable radioisotopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Isotopes_of_iodine" title="Special:EditPage/Isotopes of iodine">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>&#32;in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Isotopes+of+iodine%22">"Isotopes of iodine"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Isotopes+of+iodine%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Isotopes+of+iodine%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Isotopes+of+iodine%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Isotopes+of+iodine%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Isotopes+of+iodine%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Radioisotopes of iodine are called <b>radioactive iodine</b> or <b>radioiodine</b>. Dozens exist, but about a half dozen are the most notable in <a href="/wiki/Applied_science" title="Applied science">applied sciences</a> such as the life sciences and nuclear power, as detailed below. Mentions of radioiodine in <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a> contexts refer more often to iodine-131 than to other isotopes. </p><p>Of the many isotopes of iodine, only two are typically used in a medical setting: iodine-123 and iodine-131. Since <sup>131</sup>I has both a beta and gamma decay mode, it can be used for radiotherapy or for imaging. <sup>123</sup>I, which has no beta activity, is more suited for routine nuclear medicine imaging of the thyroid and other medical processes and less damaging internally to the patient. There are some situations in which iodine-124 and iodine-125 are also used in medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-uptake_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uptake-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to preferential uptake of iodine by the thyroid, radioiodine is extensively used in imaging of and, in the case of <sup>131</sup>I, destroying dysfunctional thyroid tissues. Other types of tissue selectively take up certain iodine-131-containing tissue-targeting and killing radiopharmaceutical agents (such as <a href="/wiki/MIBG" class="mw-redirect" title="MIBG">MIBG</a>). Iodine-125 is the only other iodine radioisotope used in radiation therapy, but only as an implanted capsule in <a href="/wiki/Brachytherapy" title="Brachytherapy">brachytherapy</a>, where the isotope never has a chance to be released for chemical interaction with the body's tissues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iodine-123_and_iodine-125">Iodine-123 and iodine-125</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_iodine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Iodine-123 and iodine-125"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Iodine-123" title="Iodine-123">Iodine-123</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iodine-125" title="Iodine-125">Iodine-125</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gamma_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma decay">gamma-emitting</a> isotopes iodine-123 (half-life 13 hours), and (less commonly) the longer-lived and less energetic iodine-125 (half-life 59 days) are used as <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">nuclear imaging</a> tracers to evaluate the anatomic and physiologic function of the thyroid. Abnormal results may be caused by disorders such as <a href="/wiki/Graves%27_disease" title="Graves&#39; disease">Graves' disease</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hashimoto%27s_thyroiditis" title="Hashimoto&#39;s thyroiditis">Hashimoto's thyroiditis</a>. Both isotopes decay by <a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">electron capture</a> (EC) to the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">tellurium</a> nuclides, but in neither case are these the <a href="/wiki/Metastable" class="mw-redirect" title="Metastable">metastable</a> nuclides <sup>123m</sup>Te and <sup>125m</sup>Te (which are of higher energy, and are not produced from radioiodine). Instead, the excited tellurium nuclides decay immediately (half-life too short to detect). Following EC, the excited <sup>123</sup>Te from <sup>123</sup>I emits a high-speed 127&#160;keV <a href="/wiki/Internal_conversion" title="Internal conversion">internal conversion</a> electron (not a <a href="/wiki/Beta_ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta ray">beta ray</a>) about 13% of the time, but this does little cellular damage due to the nuclide's short half-life and the relatively small fraction of such events. In the remainder of cases, a 159&#160;keV gamma ray is emitted, which is well-suited for gamma imaging. </p><p>Excited <sup>125</sup>Te resulting from electron capture of <sup>125</sup>I also emits a much lower-energy internal conversion electron (35.5&#160;keV), which does relatively little damage due to its low energy, even though its emission is more common. The relatively low-energy gamma from <sup>125</sup>I/<sup>125</sup>Te decay is poorly suited for imaging, but can still be seen, and this longer-lived isotope is necessary in tests that require several days of imaging, for example, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fibrinogen_scan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fibrinogen scan (page does not exist)">fibrinogen scan</a> imaging to detect blood clots. </p><p>Both <sup>123</sup>I and <sup>125</sup>I emit copious low energy <a href="/wiki/Auger_electron" class="mw-redirect" title="Auger electron">Auger electrons</a> after their decay, but these do not cause serious damage (double-stranded DNA breaks) in cells, unless the nuclide is incorporated into a medication that accumulates in the nucleus, or into DNA (this is never the case is clinical medicine, but it has been seen in experimental animal models).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iodine-125 is also commonly used by <a href="/wiki/Radiation_oncologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation oncologists">radiation oncologists</a> in low dose rate <a href="/wiki/Brachytherapy" title="Brachytherapy">brachytherapy</a> in the treatment of cancer at sites other than the thyroid, especially in <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a>. When <sup>125</sup>I is used therapeutically, it is encapsulated in titanium seeds and implanted in the area of the tumor, where it remains. The low energy of the gamma spectrum in this case limits radiation damage to tissues far from the implanted capsule. Iodine-125, due to its suitable longer half-life and less penetrating gamma spectrum, is also often preferred for laboratory tests that rely on iodine as a tracer that is counted by a <a href="/wiki/Gamma_counter" title="Gamma counter">gamma counter</a>, such as in <a href="/wiki/Radioimmunoassay" title="Radioimmunoassay">radioimmunoassaying</a>. </p><p><sup>125</sup>I is used as the <a href="/wiki/Radiolabel" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiolabel">radiolabel</a> in investigating which <a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligands</a> go to which <a href="/wiki/Plant_pattern_recognition_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant pattern recognition receptor">plant pattern recognition receptors</a> (PRRs).<sup id="cite_ref-Boutrot-Zipfel-2017_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boutrot-Zipfel-2017-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iodine-124">Iodine-124</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_iodine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Iodine-124"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iodine-124 is a proton-rich isotope of iodine with a half-life of 4.18 days. Its modes of decay are: 74.4% electron capture, 25.6% positron emission. <sup>124</sup>I decays to <sup>124</sup>Te. Iodine-124 can be made by numerous nuclear reactions via a <a href="/wiki/Cyclotron" title="Cyclotron">cyclotron</a>. The most common starting material used is <sup>124</sup>Te. </p><p>Iodine-124 as the iodide salt can be used to directly image the thyroid using <a href="/wiki/Positron_emission_tomography" title="Positron emission tomography">positron emission tomography</a> (PET).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Iodine-124 can also be used as a PET <a href="/wiki/Radiotracer" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiotracer">radiotracer</a> with a usefully longer half-life compared with <a href="/wiki/Fluorine-18" title="Fluorine-18">fluorine-18</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In this use, the nuclide is chemically bonded to a pharmaceutical to form a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical, and injected into the body, where again it is imaged by PET scan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iodine-129">Iodine-129</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_iodine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Iodine-129"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iodine-129" title="Iodine-129">Iodine-129</a></div> <p>Iodine-129 (<sup>129</sup>I; <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> 15.7 million years) is a product of <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray_spallation" title="Cosmic ray spallation">cosmic ray spallation</a> on various isotopes of <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth&#39;s atmosphere">atmosphere</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">cosmic ray</a> <a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">muon</a> interaction with tellurium-130, and also <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> fission, both in subsurface rocks and nuclear reactors. Artificial nuclear processes, in particular nuclear fuel reprocessing and atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, have now swamped the natural signal for this isotope. Nevertheless, it now serves as a groundwater tracer as indicator of nuclear waste dispersion into the natural environment. In a similar fashion, <sup>129</sup>I was used in rainwater studies to track fission products following the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a>. </p><p>In some ways, <sup>129</sup>I is similar to <a href="/wiki/Chlorine-36" title="Chlorine-36"><sup>36</sup>Cl</a>. It is a soluble halogen, exists mainly as a non-sorbing <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a>, and is produced by cosmogenic, thermonuclear, and in-situ reactions. In hydrologic studies, <sup>129</sup>I concentrations are usually reported as the ratio of <sup>129</sup>I to total I (which is virtually all <sup>127</sup>I). As is the case with <sup>36</sup>Cl/Cl, <sup>129</sup>I/I ratios in nature are quite small, 10<sup>−14</sup> to 10<sup>−10</sup> (peak thermonuclear <sup>129</sup>I/I during the 1960s and 1970s reached about 10<sup>−7</sup>). <sup>129</sup>I differs from <sup>36</sup>Cl in that its half-life is longer (15.7 vs. 0.301 million years), it is highly biophilic, and occurs in multiple <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ionic</a> forms (commonly, I<sup>−</sup> and <a href="/wiki/Iodate" title="Iodate">IO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></a>), which have different chemical behaviors. This makes it fairly easy for <sup>129</sup>I to enter the biosphere as it becomes incorporated into vegetation, soil, milk, animal tissue, etc. Excesses of stable <sup>129</sup>Xe in meteorites have been shown to result from decay of "primordial" iodine-129 produced newly by the supernovas that created the dust and gas from which the solar system formed. This isotope has long decayed and is thus referred to as "extinct". Historically, <sup>129</sup>I was the first <a href="/wiki/Extinct_radionuclide" title="Extinct radionuclide">extinct radionuclide</a> to be identified as present in the early <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. Its decay is the basis of the I-Xe iodine-xenon <a href="/wiki/Radiometric_dating" title="Radiometric dating">radiometric dating</a> scheme, which covers the first 85&#160;million years of <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> evolution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iodine-131">Iodine-131</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_iodine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Iodine-131"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iodine-131" title="Iodine-131">Iodine-131</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg/170px-Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg/255px-Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg/340px-Pheochromocytoma_Scan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Pheochromocytoma" title="Pheochromocytoma">Pheochromocytoma</a> is seen as a dark sphere in the center of the body (it is in the left adrenal gland). Image is by <a href="/wiki/MIBG" class="mw-redirect" title="MIBG">MIBG</a> <a href="/wiki/Scintigraphy" title="Scintigraphy">scintigraphy</a>, with radiation from radioiodine in the MIBG. Two images are seen of the same patient from front and back. Note the dark image of the thyroid due to unwanted uptake of radioiodine from the medication by the thyroid gland in the neck. Accumulation at the sides of the head is from salivary gland uptake of iodide. Radioactivity is also seen in the bladder.</figcaption></figure> <p>Iodine-131 (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">131</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>I<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Beta_decay" title="Beta decay">beta-emitting</a> isotope with a half-life of eight days, and comparatively energetic (190&#160;keV average and 606&#160;keV maximum energy) beta radiation, which penetrates 0.6 to 2.0&#160;mm from the site of uptake. This beta radiation can be used for the destruction of <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_nodule" title="Thyroid nodule">thyroid nodules</a> or hyperfunctioning thyroid tissue and for elimination of remaining thyroid tissue after surgery for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Graves%27_disease" title="Graves&#39; disease">Graves' disease</a>. The purpose of this therapy, which was first explored by Dr. <a href="/wiki/Saul_Hertz" title="Saul Hertz">Saul Hertz</a> in 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> is to destroy thyroid tissue that could not be removed surgically. In this procedure, <sup>131</sup>I is administered either intravenously or orally following a diagnostic scan. This procedure may also be used, with higher doses of radio-iodine, to treat patients with <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_cancer" title="Thyroid cancer">thyroid cancer</a>. </p><p>The <sup>131</sup>I is taken up into thyroid tissue and concentrated there. The beta particles emitted by the radioisotope destroys the associated thyroid tissue with little damage to surrounding tissues (more than 2.0&#160;mm from the tissues absorbing the iodine). Due to similar destruction, <sup>131</sup>I is the iodine radioisotope used in other water-soluble iodine-labeled <a href="/wiki/Radiopharmaceutical" title="Radiopharmaceutical">radiopharmaceuticals</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/MIBG" class="mw-redirect" title="MIBG">MIBG</a>) used therapeutically to destroy tissues. </p><p>The high energy beta radiation (up to 606&#160;keV) from <sup>131</sup>I causes it to be the most carcinogenic of the iodine isotopes. It is thought to cause the majority of excess thyroid cancers seen after nuclear fission contamination (such as bomb fallout or severe nuclear reactor accidents like the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a>) However, these epidemiological effects are seen primarily in children, and treatment of adults and children with therapeutic <sup>131</sup>I, and epidemiology of adults exposed to low-dose <sup>131</sup>I has not demonstrated carcinogenicity.<sup id="cite_ref-RobbinsSchneider2000_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RobbinsSchneider2000-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iodine-135">Iodine-135</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_iodine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Iodine-135"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iodine-135 is an isotope of iodine with a half-life of 6.6 hours. It is an important isotope from the viewpoint of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_physics" title="Nuclear reactor physics">nuclear reactor physics</a>. It is produced in relatively large amounts as a <a href="/wiki/Fission_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission product">fission product</a>, and decays to <a href="/wiki/Xenon-135" title="Xenon-135">xenon-135</a>, which is a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_poison" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear poison">nuclear poison</a> with the largest known thermal <a href="/wiki/Neutron_cross_section" title="Neutron cross section">neutron cross section</a>, which is a cause of multiple complications in the control of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactors</a>. The process of buildup of <a href="/wiki/Xenon-135" title="Xenon-135">xenon-135</a> from accumulated iodine-135 can temporarily preclude a shut-down reactor from restarting. This is known as xenon poisoning or "falling into an <a href="/wiki/Iodine_pit" title="Iodine pit">iodine pit</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iodine-128_and_other_isotopes">Iodine-128 and other isotopes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_iodine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Iodine-128 and other isotopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Iodine-128"></span> Iodine fission-produced isotopes not discussed above (iodine-128, iodine-130, iodine-132, and iodine-133) have half-lives of several hours or minutes, rendering them almost useless in other applicable areas. Those mentioned are neutron-rich and undergo beta decay to isotopes of xenon. Iodine-128 (half-life 25 minutes) can decay to either tellurium-128 by electron capture or to xenon-128 by beta decay. It has a <a href="/wiki/Specific_radioactivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific radioactivity">specific radioactivity</a> of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7021217700000000000♠"></span>2.177<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>6</sup>&#160;TBq/g</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nonradioactive_iodide_(127I)_as_protection_from_unwanted_radioiodine_uptake_by_the_thyroid"><span id="Nonradioactive_iodide_.28127I.29_as_protection_from_unwanted_radioiodine_uptake_by_the_thyroid"></span>Nonradioactive iodide (<sup>127</sup>I) as protection from unwanted radioiodine uptake by the thyroid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_iodine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Nonradioactive iodide (127I) as protection from unwanted radioiodine uptake by the thyroid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_iodine&amp;action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Colloquially, radioactive materials can be described as "hot," and non-radioactive materials can be described as "cold." There are instances in which cold iodide is administered to people in order to prevent the uptake of hot iodide by the thyroid gland. For example, blockade of thyroid iodine uptake with potassium iodide is used in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">nuclear medicine</a> <a href="/wiki/Scintigraphy" title="Scintigraphy">scintigraphy</a> and therapy with some radioiodinated compounds that are not targeted to the thyroid, such as <a href="/wiki/Iobenguane" title="Iobenguane">iobenguane</a> (<a href="/wiki/MIBG" class="mw-redirect" title="MIBG">MIBG</a>), which is used to image or treat neural tissue tumors, or iodinated fibrinogen, which is used in <a href="/wiki/Fibrinogen#Diagnostic_use" title="Fibrinogen">fibrinogen scans</a> to investigate clotting. These compounds contain iodine, but not in the iodide form. However, since they may be ultimately metabolized or break down to radioactive iodide, it is common to administer non-radioactive potassium iodide to insure that metabolites of these radiopharmaceuticals is not sequestered by thyroid gland and inadvertently administer a radiological dose to that tissue. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Potassium_iodide" title="Potassium iodide">Potassium iodide</a> has been distributed to populations exposed to <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">nuclear fission</a> accidents such as the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a>. The iodide solution <b>SSKI</b>, a <b>s</b>aturated <b>s</b>olution of potassium (<b>K</b>) <b>i</b>odide in water, has been used to block absorption of the radioiodine (it has no effect on other radioisotopes from fission). Tablets containing potassium iodide are now also manufactured and stocked in central disaster sites by some governments for this purpose. In theory, many harmful late-cancer effects of nuclear fallout might be prevented in this way, since an excess of thyroid cancers, presumably due to radioiodine uptake, is the only proven radioisotope contamination effect after a fission accident, or from contamination by fallout from an atomic bomb (prompt radiation from the bomb also causes other cancers, such as leukemias, directly). Taking large amounts of iodide saturates thyroid receptors and prevents uptake of most radioactive <a href="/wiki/Iodine-131" title="Iodine-131">iodine-131</a> that may be present from fission product exposure (although it does not protect from other radioisotopes, nor from any other form of direct radiation). The protective effect of KI lasts approximately 24 hours, so must be dosed daily until a risk of significant exposure to radioiodines from fission products no longer exists.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Iodine-131 (the most common radioiodine contaminant in fallout) also decays relatively rapidly with a half-life of eight days, so that 99.95% of the original radioiodine has vanished after three months. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_iodine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Isotope masses from: <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAudiBersillonBlachotWapstra2003" class="citation cs2">Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; <a href="/wiki/Aaldert_Wapstra" title="Aaldert Wapstra">Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik</a> (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document">"The N<small>UBASE</small> evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"</a>, <i>Nuclear Physics A</i>, <b>729</b>: 3–128, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A">2003NuPhA.729....3A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&amp;rft.atitle=The+N%3Csmall%3EUBASE%3C%2Fsmall%3E+evaluation+of+nuclear+and+decay+properties&amp;rft.volume=729&amp;rft.pages=3-128&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003NuPhA.729....3A&amp;rft.aulast=Audi&amp;rft.aufirst=Georges&amp;rft.au=Bersillon%2C+Olivier&amp;rft.au=Blachot%2C+Jean&amp;rft.au=Wapstra%2C+Aaldert+Hendrik&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fin2p3-00020241%2Fdocument&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+iodine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAudiBersillonBlachotWapstra2003" class="citation cs2">Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; <a href="/wiki/Aaldert_Wapstra" title="Aaldert Wapstra">Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik</a> (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document">"The N<small>UBASE</small> evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"</a>, <i>Nuclear Physics A</i>, <b>729</b>: 3–128, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A">2003NuPhA.729....3A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&amp;rft.atitle=The+N%3Csmall%3EUBASE%3C%2Fsmall%3E+evaluation+of+nuclear+and+decay+properties&amp;rft.volume=729&amp;rft.pages=3-128&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003NuPhA.729....3A&amp;rft.aulast=Audi&amp;rft.aufirst=Georges&amp;rft.au=Bersillon%2C+Olivier&amp;rft.au=Blachot%2C+Jean&amp;rft.au=Wapstra%2C+Aaldert+Hendrik&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fin2p3-00020241%2Fdocument&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+iodine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Nuclear_Data_Center" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Nuclear_Data_Center" title="National Nuclear Data Center">National Nuclear Data Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/">"NuDat 2.x database"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NuDat+2.x+database&amp;rft.pub=Brookhaven+National+Laboratory&amp;rft.au=National+Nuclear+Data+Center&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Fnudat2%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+iodine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden2004" class="citation book cs1">Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i> (85th&#160;ed.). <a href="/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida" title="Boca Raton, Florida">Boca Raton, Florida</a>: <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0485-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0485-9"><bdi>978-0-8493-0485-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=11.+Table+of+the+Isotopes&amp;rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&amp;rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&amp;rft.edition=85th&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0485-9&amp;rft.aulast=Holden&amp;rft.aufirst=Norman+E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+iodine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciaaw.org/iodine.htm">"Standard Atomic Weights: Iodine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights" title="Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights">CIAAW</a>. 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Standard+Atomic+Weights%3A+Iodine&amp;rft.pub=CIAAW&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciaaw.org%2Fiodine.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+iodine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProhaskaIrrgeherBenefieldBöhlke2022" class="citation journal cs1">Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Federal+Register&amp;rft.atitle=Potassium+Iodide+as+a+Thyroid+Blocking+Agent+in+Radiation+Emergencies&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefederalregister.com%2Fd.p%2F2001-12-11-01-30492&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+iodine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_iodine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070823154005/http://ie.lbl.gov/education/parent/I_iso.htm">Iodine isotopes data from <i>The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=iodine-128">Iodine-128, Iodine-130, Iodine-132 data from 'Wolframalpha'</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Isotopes_of_the_chemical_elements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_element_isotopes" title="Template:Navbox element isotopes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_element_isotopes" title="Template talk:Navbox element isotopes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_element_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox element isotopes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Isotopes_of_the_chemical_elements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">Isotopes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical elements</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:110%;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="border-spacing:1px;display:block;overflow:auto;width:100%;margin:0 !important"> <tbody><tr style="line-height:125%; vertical-align:top;"> <th style="text-align:right; width:3%; background:transparent"><small><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Group</a></small> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2</a> </th> <td style="width:2%">&#160; </td> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; line-height:125%; vertical-align:top;"> <th style="text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; background:transparent"><small><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a></small> </th> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Hydrogen and<br />alkali metals </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Alkaline<br />earth metals </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Pnicto&#173;gens </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Chal&#173;co&#173;gens </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Halo&#173;gens </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Noble gases </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ①" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">&#x2460;</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hydrogen" title="Isotopes of hydrogen">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hydrogen#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of hydrogen">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a></b></div>1 </td> <td colspan="17"> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_helium" title="Isotopes of helium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_helium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of helium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a></b></div>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ②" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">&#x2461;</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lithium" title="Isotopes of lithium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lithium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lithium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a></b></div>3 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_beryllium" title="Isotopes of beryllium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_beryllium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of beryllium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a></b></div>4 </td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_boron" title="Isotopes of boron">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_boron#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of boron">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a></b></div>5 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_carbon" title="Isotopes of carbon">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_carbon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of carbon">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a></b></div>6 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nitrogen" title="Isotopes of nitrogen">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nitrogen#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nitrogen">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a></b></div>7 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oxygen" title="Isotopes of oxygen">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oxygen#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of oxygen">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a></b></div>8 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fluorine" title="Isotopes of fluorine">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fluorine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of fluorine">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">F</a></b></div>9 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neon" title="Isotopes of neon">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of neon">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a></b></div>10 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ③" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">&#x2462;</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sodium" title="Isotopes of sodium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sodium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of sodium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a></b></div>11 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_magnesium" title="Isotopes of magnesium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_magnesium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of magnesium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a></b></div>12 </td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_aluminium" title="Isotopes of aluminium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_aluminium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of aluminium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a></b></div>13 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silicon" title="Isotopes of silicon">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silicon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of silicon">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Si</a></b></div>14 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_phosphorus" title="Isotopes of phosphorus">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_phosphorus#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of phosphorus">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">P</a></b></div>15 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sulfur" title="Isotopes of sulfur">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sulfur#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of sulfur">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a></b></div>16 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chlorine" title="Isotopes of chlorine">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chlorine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of chlorine">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a></b></div>17 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_argon" title="Isotopes of argon">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_argon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of argon">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a></b></div>18 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ④" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">&#x2463;</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_potassium" title="Isotopes of potassium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_potassium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of potassium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a></b></div>19 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_calcium" title="Isotopes of calcium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_calcium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of calcium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a></b></div>20 </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_scandium" title="Isotopes of scandium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_scandium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of scandium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a></b></div>21 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_titanium" title="Isotopes of titanium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_titanium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of titanium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a></b></div>22 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_vanadium" title="Isotopes of vanadium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_vanadium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of vanadium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a></b></div>23 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chromium" title="Isotopes of chromium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chromium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of chromium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a></b></div>24 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_manganese" title="Isotopes of manganese">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_manganese#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of manganese">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a></b></div>25 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iron" title="Isotopes of iron">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iron#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of iron">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a></b></div>26 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cobalt" title="Isotopes of cobalt">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cobalt#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of cobalt">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a></b></div>27 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nickel" title="Isotopes of nickel">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nickel#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nickel">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a></b></div>28 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copper" title="Isotopes of copper">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copper#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of copper">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a></b></div>29 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zinc" title="Isotopes of zinc">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zinc#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of zinc">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a></b></div>30 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gallium" title="Isotopes of gallium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gallium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of gallium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a></b></div>31 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_germanium" title="Isotopes of germanium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_germanium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of germanium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a></b></div>32 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_arsenic" title="Isotopes of arsenic">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_arsenic#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of arsenic">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a></b></div>33 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_selenium" title="Isotopes of selenium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_selenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of selenium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a></b></div>34 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bromine" title="Isotopes of bromine">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bromine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of bromine">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a></b></div>35 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_krypton" title="Isotopes of krypton">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_krypton#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of krypton">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a></b></div>36 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑤" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">&#x2464;</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rubidium" title="Isotopes of rubidium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rubidium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rubidium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a></b></div>37 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_strontium" title="Isotopes of strontium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_strontium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of strontium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a></b></div>38 </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_yttrium" title="Isotopes of yttrium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_yttrium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of yttrium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a></b></div>39 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zirconium" title="Isotopes of zirconium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zirconium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of zirconium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a></b></div>40 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_niobium" title="Isotopes of niobium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_niobium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of niobium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a></b></div>41 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_molybdenum" title="Isotopes of molybdenum">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_molybdenum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of molybdenum">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a></b></div>42 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_technetium" title="Isotopes of technetium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_technetium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of technetium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a></b></div>43 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ruthenium" title="Isotopes of ruthenium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ruthenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of ruthenium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a></b></div>44 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhodium" title="Isotopes of rhodium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhodium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rhodium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a></b></div>45 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_palladium" title="Isotopes of palladium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_palladium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of palladium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a></b></div>46 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silver" title="Isotopes of silver">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silver#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of silver">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a></b></div>47 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cadmium" title="Isotopes of cadmium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cadmium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of cadmium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a></b></div>48 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_indium" title="Isotopes of indium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_indium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of indium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a></b></div>49 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tin" title="Isotopes of tin">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tin#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tin">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Sn</a></b></div>50 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_antimony" title="Isotopes of antimony">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_antimony#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of antimony">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Sb</a></b></div>51 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tellurium" title="Isotopes of tellurium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tellurium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tellurium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Te</a></b></div>52 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#List_of_isotopes">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a></b></div>53 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_xenon" title="Isotopes of xenon">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_xenon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of xenon">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a></b></div>54 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑥" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">&#x2465;</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_caesium" title="Isotopes of caesium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_caesium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of caesium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a></b></div>55 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_barium" title="Isotopes of barium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_barium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of barium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a></b></div>56 </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:#9bff99;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lutetium" title="Isotopes of lutetium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lutetium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lutetium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a></b></div>71 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hafnium" title="Isotopes of hafnium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hafnium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of hafnium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a></b></div>72 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tantalum" title="Isotopes of tantalum">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tantalum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tantalum">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a></b></div>73 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tungsten" title="Isotopes of tungsten">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tungsten#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tungsten">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a></b></div>74 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhenium" title="Isotopes of rhenium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rhenium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a></b></div>75 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_osmium" title="Isotopes of osmium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_osmium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of osmium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a></b></div>76 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iridium" title="Isotopes of iridium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iridium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of iridium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a></b></div>77 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_platinum" title="Isotopes of platinum">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_platinum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of platinum">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a></b></div>78 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gold" title="Isotopes of gold">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gold#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of gold">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a></b></div>79 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mercury" title="Isotopes of mercury">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mercury#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of mercury">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a></b></div>80 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thallium" title="Isotopes of thallium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thallium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of thallium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a></b></div>81 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lead" title="Isotopes of lead">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lead#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lead">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a></b></div>82 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bismuth" title="Isotopes of bismuth">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bismuth#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of bismuth">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a></b></div>83 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_polonium" title="Isotopes of polonium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_polonium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of polonium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a></b></div>84 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_astatine" title="Isotopes of astatine">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_astatine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of astatine">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">At</a></b></div>85 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radon" title="Isotopes of radon">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of radon">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a></b></div>86 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑦" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">&#x2466;</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_francium" title="Isotopes of francium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_francium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of francium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a></b></div>87 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radium" title="Isotopes of radium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of radium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a></b></div>88 </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:#9bff99;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/16px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/24px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/32px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lawrencium" title="Isotopes of lawrencium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lawrencium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lawrencium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a></b></div>103 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rutherfordium" title="Isotopes of rutherfordium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rutherfordium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rutherfordium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a></b></div>104 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dubnium" title="Isotopes of dubnium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dubnium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of dubnium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a></b></div>105 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_seaborgium" title="Isotopes of seaborgium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_seaborgium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of seaborgium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a></b></div>106 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bohrium" title="Isotopes of bohrium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bohrium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of bohrium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a></b></div>107 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hassium" title="Isotopes of hassium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hassium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of hassium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a></b></div>108 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_meitnerium" title="Isotopes of meitnerium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_meitnerium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of meitnerium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a></b></div>109 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_darmstadtium" title="Isotopes of darmstadtium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_darmstadtium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of darmstadtium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a></b></div>110 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_roentgenium" title="Isotopes of roentgenium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_roentgenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of roentgenium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a></b></div>111 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copernicium" title="Isotopes of copernicium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copernicium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of copernicium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a></b></div>112 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nihonium" title="Isotopes of nihonium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nihonium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nihonium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a></b></div>113 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_flerovium" title="Isotopes of flerovium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_flerovium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of flerovium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a></b></div>114 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_moscovium" title="Isotopes of moscovium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_moscovium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of moscovium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a></b></div>115 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_livermorium" title="Isotopes of livermorium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_livermorium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of livermorium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a></b></div>116 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tennessine" title="Isotopes of tennessine">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tennessine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tennessine">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Ts</a></b></div>117 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oganesson" title="Isotopes of oganesson">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oganesson#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of oganesson">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a></b></div>118 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑧" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_8_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 8 element">&#x2467;</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#eee;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ununennium" title="Isotopes of ununennium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ununennium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of ununennium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium">Uue</a></b></div>119 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#eee;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_unbinilium" title="Isotopes of unbinilium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_unbinilium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of unbinilium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium">Ubn</a></b></div>120 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="20" style="height:1.4em;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lanthanum" title="Isotopes of lanthanum">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lanthanum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lanthanum">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">La</a></b></div>57 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cerium" title="Isotopes of cerium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cerium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of cerium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a></b></div>58 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_praseodymium" title="Isotopes of praseodymium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_praseodymium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of praseodymium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a></b></div>59 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neodymium" title="Isotopes of neodymium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neodymium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of neodymium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Nd</a></b></div>60 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_promethium" title="Isotopes of promethium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_promethium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of promethium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a></b></div>61 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_samarium" title="Isotopes of samarium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_samarium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of samarium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a></b></div>62 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_europium" title="Isotopes of europium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_europium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of europium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a></b></div>63 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gadolinium" title="Isotopes of gadolinium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gadolinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of gadolinium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a></b></div>64 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_terbium" title="Isotopes of terbium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_terbium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of terbium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a></b></div>65 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dysprosium" title="Isotopes of dysprosium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dysprosium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of dysprosium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a></b></div>66 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_holmium" title="Isotopes of holmium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_holmium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of holmium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a></b></div>67 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_erbium" title="Isotopes of erbium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_erbium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of erbium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a></b></div>68 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thulium" title="Isotopes of thulium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thulium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of thulium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a></b></div>69 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ytterbium" title="Isotopes of ytterbium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ytterbium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of ytterbium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a></b></div>70 </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/16px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/24px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/32px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_actinium" title="Isotopes of actinium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_actinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of actinium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a></b></div>89 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thorium" title="Isotopes of thorium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thorium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of thorium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a></b></div>90 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_protactinium" title="Isotopes of protactinium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_protactinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of protactinium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a></b></div>91 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_uranium" title="Isotopes of uranium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_uranium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of uranium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a></b></div>92 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neptunium" title="Isotopes of neptunium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neptunium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of neptunium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a></b></div>93 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_plutonium" title="Isotopes of plutonium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_plutonium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of plutonium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a></b></div>94 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_americium" title="Isotopes of americium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_americium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of americium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a></b></div>95 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_curium" title="Isotopes of curium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_curium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of curium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a></b></div>96 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_berkelium" title="Isotopes of berkelium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_berkelium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of berkelium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a></b></div>97 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_californium" title="Isotopes of californium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_californium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of californium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a></b></div>98 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_einsteinium" title="Isotopes of einsteinium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_einsteinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of einsteinium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a></b></div>99 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fermium" title="Isotopes of fermium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fermium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of fermium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a></b></div>100 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mendelevium" title="Isotopes of mendelevium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mendelevium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of mendelevium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a></b></div>101 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nobelium" title="Isotopes of nobelium">Isotopes</a>&#x20; <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nobelium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nobelium">&#xa7;&#160;List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a></b></div>102 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#f0f0f0;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_nuclides" title="Table of nuclides">Table of nuclides</a></li> <li>Categories: <a 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