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id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ckb.wikipedia.org&uselang=ckb" class=""><span>بەخشین بە ویکیپیدیا</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="تۆ ھان دەدرێیت کە ھەژمارێک دروست بکەیت و بچیتە ژوورەوە، ئەمە سەرەکی نییە بەھەرحاڵ" class=""><span>ھەژمار دروست بکە</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="پێشنیارت پێدەکرێ بچیتە ژوورەوە؛ ھەرچەندە زۆرت لێناکرێ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>بچۆ ژوورەوە</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ھەڵبژاردەی زیاتر" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ئامڕازە تاکەکەسییەکان" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ئامڕازە تاکەکەسییەکان</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ckb.wikipedia.org&uselang=ckb"><span>بەخشین بە ویکیپیدیا</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="تۆ ھان دەدرێیت کە ھەژمارێک دروست بکەیت و بچیتە ژوورەوە، ئەمە سەرەکی نییە بەھەرحاڵ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ھەژمار دروست بکە</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="پێشنیارت پێدەکرێ بچیتە ژوورەوە؛ ھەرچەندە زۆرت لێناکرێ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>بچۆ ژوورەوە</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ئەو پەڕانەی بۆ ئەو دەستکاریکەرانەن کە لەدەرەوەن <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" aria-label="زیاتر لەسەر دەستکاریکردن فێر بە"><span>زیاتر فێر بە</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85" title="پێڕستی ئەو دەستکارییانەی لەم ناونیشانی ئای-پییەوە کراوە [y]" accesskey="y"><span>بەشدارییەکان</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D9%84%DB%8E%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85" title="لێدوان لەسەر دەستکارییەکان لەم ئایپی ئەدرەسەوە [n]" accesskey="n"><span>لێدوان</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="پێگە"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ناوەڕۆکەکان" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ناوەڕۆکەکان</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">بخە لاتەنیشت</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">بشارەوە</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">دەستپێک</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-سەرچاوەکان" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#سەرچاوەکان"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">١</span> <span>سەرچاوەکان</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-سەرچاوەکان-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ناوەڕۆکەکان" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="خشتەی ناوەڕۆکەکان بگۆڕە" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">خشتەی ناوەڕۆکەکان بگۆڕە</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ئێتنیک</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="بڕۆ بۆ وتارێک بە زمانێکی تر. بە ٢٤ زمان بەردەستە" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">٢٤ زمان</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AB%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إثنية – عەرەبی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إثنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عەرەبی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnik_m%C9%99nsubiyy%C9%99t" title="Etnik mənsubiyyət – ئازەربایجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Etnik mənsubiyyət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ئازەربایجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnisidad" title="Etnisidad – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Etnisidad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Этнас – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Этнас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnicita" title="Etnicita – چێکی" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Etnicita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چێکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnizit%C3%A4t" title="Ethnizität – ئەڵمانی" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ethnizität" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ئەڵمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity – ئینگلیزی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ethnicity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ئینگلیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="قومیت – فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قومیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98abilar" title="Ƙabilar – هائووسا" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ƙabilar" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="هائووسا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelompok_etnik" title="Kelompok etnik – ئیندۆنیزی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kelompok etnik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ئیندۆنیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%80%A7" title="民族性 – ژاپۆنی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="民族性" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ژاپۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwap" title="Nwap – تیاپ" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Nwap" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="تیاپ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%84%B1" title="민족성 – كۆری" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="민족성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="كۆری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="जातिगत समूह – نیپالی" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जातिगत समूह" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نیپالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जातियता – نێواری" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जातियता" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="نێواری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etniczno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Etniczność – پۆڵەندی" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Etniczność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پۆڵەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%85" title="توکم – پەشتوو" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="توکم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="پەشتوو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnicidade" title="Etnicidade – پورتوگالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Etnicidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتوگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Этничность – ڕووسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Этничность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ڕووسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් – سینهالی" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="سینهالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnicita" title="Etnicita – سلۆڤاكی" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Etnicita" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلۆڤاكی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Етницитет – سربی" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Етницитет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Етнічність – ئۆكراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Етнічність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ئۆكراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="族群 – چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="族群" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:CiteThisPage&page=%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9&id=1306573&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="زانیاری سەبارەت بە چۆنیەتیی بە ژێدەر کردنی ئەم پەڕە"><span>ئەم پەڕەیە بکە بە ژێدەر</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A6%25DB%258E%25D8%25AA%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9"><span>بەستەری کورتکراوە بەدەست بێنە</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A6%25DB%258E%25D8%25AA%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9"><span>کۆدی کیوئاڕ داگرە</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> چاپکردن/ھەناردەکردن </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9"><span>دروستکردنی کتێبێک</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9&action=show-download-screen"><span>داگرتن بە PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9&printable=yes" title="وەشانی چاپی ئەم پەڕەیە [p]" accesskey="p"><span>وەشانی ئامادەی چاپ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> لە پڕۆژەکانی تر </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ethnicity" hreflang="en"><span>ویکیمیدیا کۆمنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5404323" title="بەستەر بۆ بەندی خەزێنەی دراوەی پەیوەندیدار [g]" accesskey="g"><span>بەندی ویکیدراوە</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ئامرازەکانی پەڕە"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ڕواڵەت"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ڕواڵەت</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">بخە لاتەنیشت</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">بشارەوە</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">لە ئینسایکڵۆپیدیای ئازادی ویکیپیدیاوە</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ckb" dir="rtl"><table class="box-Merge_from plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/50px-Mergefrom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/75px-Mergefrom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/100px-Mergefrom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">پێشنیار دراوە کە <i><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="گرووپی ئێتنیکی">گرووپی ئێتنیکی</a></i> بۆ ناو ئەم وتارە <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9" title="ویکیپیدیا:کردنەیەک">تێکەڵ</a> بکرێت. (<a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98:%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="وتووێژ:ئێتنیک">وتووێژ</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-weight:bold;padding:0.5em 0;margin:0.5em 0;font-size:125%">ئێتنیک</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DA%AF%DB%95:Collage_of_ethnic_groups.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Collage_of_ethnic_groups.jpg/250px-Collage_of_ethnic_groups.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Collage_of_ethnic_groups.jpg/375px-Collage_of_ethnic_groups.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Collage_of_ethnic_groups.jpg/500px-Collage_of_ethnic_groups.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">بابەتی لاوەکی</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="گرووپی نەتەوەیی">گرووپی نەتەوەیی</a></span>، <span><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8E%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="کێیەتی">کێیەتی</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">ھۆکار</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span>ethnogenesis</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;padding-top:0.225em">لێکۆڵینەوە لەلایەن</th><td style="line-height:1.4em;max-width:180px"><span><span>sociolinguistics</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="border-style: solid; border-color:gray; border-width: 1px 0 0 0; margin-top: 2em; text-align: center;"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5404323">لە ویکیدراوە دەستکاریی زانیارییەکان بکە</a> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5404323" title="دەستکاری"><img alt="دەستکاری" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/22px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/33px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/44px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ئێتنیک</b> یان <b>ڕەچەڵەک</b> یان <b>ڕەگەز</b> بریتییە لە کۆمەڵێک <a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%84" title="گەل">کەس</a> کە لەسەر بنەمای تایبەتمەندییە ھاوبەشەکانی ھەستپێکراوی یەکتر <a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8E%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="کێیەتی">دەناسنەوە</a> کە لە گرووپەکانی دیکە جیایان دەکەنەوە. ئەو تایبەتمەندییانە دەتوانن کۆمەڵە ھاوبەشەکانی نەریت، ڕەچەڵەک، <a href="/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زمان">زمان</a>، <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88" title="مێژوو">مێژوو</a>، <a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%DB%95" title="کۆمەڵگە">کۆمەڵگا</a>، <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="نەتەوە">نەتەوە</a>، <a href="/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ئایین">ئایین</a>، یان مامەڵەی کۆمەڵایەتی لە ناوچەی نیشتەجێبوونیان لەخۆ بگرن.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>١<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>٢<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="سەرچاوەکان"><span id=".D8.B3.DB.95.D8.B1.DA.86.D8.A7.D9.88.DB.95.DA.A9.D8.A7.D9.86"></span>سەرچاوەکان</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="دەستکاریکردنی بەش: سەرچاوەکان"><span>دەستکاری</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215796">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1314163">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChandra2012" class="citation book cs1">Chandra، Kanchan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/829678440"><i>Constructivist theories of ethnic politics</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 69–70. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%A8/978-0-19-989315-7" title="تایبەت:سەرچاوەکانی کتێب/978-0-19-989315-7"><bdi>978-0-19-989315-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/829678440">829678440</a>. لە 2022-07-30 لە ڕەسەنەکەوە <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730072314/https://www.worldcat.org/title/constructivist-theories-of-ethnic-politics/oclc/829678440">ئەرشیڤ کراوە</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. لە <span class="nowrap">2020-09-11</span> ھێنراوە</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constructivist+theories+of+ethnic+politics&rft.pages=69-70&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F829678440&rft.isbn=978-0-19-989315-7&rft.aulast=Chandra&rft.aufirst=Kanchan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F829678440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1314163"><cite id="CITEREFPeople2010" class="citation book cs1">People، James (2010). <i>Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology</i> (9th ed.). Wadsworth Cengage learning. p. 389. <q>In essence, an ethnic group is a named social category of people based on perceptions of shared social experience or one's ancestors' experiences. Members of the ethnic group see themselves as sharing cultural traditions and history that distinguish them from other groups. Ethnic group identity has a strong psychological or emotional component that divides the people of the world into opposing categories of 'us' and 'them'. In contrast to social stratification, which divides and unifies people along a series of horizontal axes based on socioeconomic factors, ethnic identities divide and unify people along a series of vertical axes. Thus, ethnic groups, at least theoretically, cut across socioeconomic class differences, drawing members from all strata of the population.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Humanity%3A+An+Introduction+to+Cultural+Anthropology&rft.pages=389&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Wadsworth+Cengage+learning&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=People&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul class="bandeau-portail وێنۆچکەکان" id="bandeau-portail"> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88" title="دەروازە:مێژوو"><img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/P_history.png/32px-P_history.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/P_history.png/48px-P_history.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/P_history.png/63px-P_history.png 2x" data-file-width="77" data-file-height="68" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88" title="دەروازە:مێژوو">دەروازەی مێژوو</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دەروازە:زمان"><img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/42px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/56px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دەروازە:زمان">دەروازەی زمان</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دەروازە:ئایین"><img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دەروازە:ئایین">دەروازەی ئایین</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دەروازە:ئابووری"><img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دەروازە:ئابووری">دەروازەی ئابووری</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="دەروازە:جوگرافیا"><img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Terrestrial_globe.svg/29px-Terrestrial_globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Terrestrial_globe.svg/43px-Terrestrial_globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Terrestrial_globe.svg/58px-Terrestrial_globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="312" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="دەروازە:جوگرافیا">دەروازەی جوگرافیا</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D9%88%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دەروازە:وڵاتەکان"><img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Kurdish_picture_2654.png/28px-Kurdish_picture_2654.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Kurdish_picture_2654.png/42px-Kurdish_picture_2654.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Kurdish_picture_2654.png/56px-Kurdish_picture_2654.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D9%88%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دەروازە:وڵاتەکان">دەروازەی وڵاتەکان</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="دەروازە:کۆمەڵگا"><img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/P_Society.png/31px-P_Society.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/P_Society.png/46px-P_Society.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/P_Society.png/61px-P_Society.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="183" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="دەروازە:کۆمەڵگا">دەروازەی کۆمەڵگا</a></span></li></ul> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">کۆمنزی ویکیمیدیا، میدیای پەیوەندیدار بە <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ethnicity" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ethnicity">ئێتنیک</a></b></i> تێدایە.</td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">وەرگیراو لە «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ئێتنیک&oldid=1306573">https://ckb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ئێتنیک&oldid=1306573</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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