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class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span><i>Tranquility</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tranquility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laboratories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laboratories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Laboratories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laboratories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Destiny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destiny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span><i>Destiny</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destiny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Columbus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Columbus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span><i>Columbus</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Columbus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kibo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kibo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span><i>Kibo</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kibo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_modules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_modules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Other modules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_modules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span><i>Quest</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leonardo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leonardo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span><i>Leonardo</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leonardo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cupola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cupola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span><i>Cupola</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cupola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>Bigelow Expandable Activity Module</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pressurized_Mating_Adapter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pressurized_Mating_Adapter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.5</span> <span>Pressurized Mating Adapter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pressurized_Mating_Adapter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>External elements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_elements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External elements subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Integrated_Truss_Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integrated_Truss_Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Integrated Truss Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Integrated_Truss_Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_Stowage_Platform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_Stowage_Platform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>External Stowage Platform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_Stowage_Platform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ExPRESS_logistics_carrier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ExPRESS_logistics_carrier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>ExPRESS logistics carrier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ExPRESS_logistics_carrier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_Servicing_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_Servicing_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Mobile Servicing System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_Servicing_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canadarm2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadarm2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Canadarm2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadarm2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Purpose_Dextrous_Manipulator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Purpose_Dextrous_Manipulator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Special Purpose Dextrous Manipulator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Purpose_Dextrous_Manipulator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_Base_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_Base_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>Mobile Base System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_Base_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enhanced_ISS_Boom_Assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enhanced_ISS_Boom_Assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.4</span> <span>Enhanced ISS Boom Assembly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enhanced_ISS_Boom_Assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_modules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_modules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Proposed modules</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Proposed_modules-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Proposed modules subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Proposed_modules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Axiom_Space" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Axiom_Space"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Axiom Space</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Axiom_Space-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancelled_modules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancelled_modules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cancelled modules</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cancelled_modules-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cancelled modules subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cancelled_modules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Habitation_Extension_Modules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitation_Extension_Modules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Habitation Extension Modules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitation_Extension_Modules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Node_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Node_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Node 4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Node_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centrifuge_demonstration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centrifuge_demonstration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Centrifuge demonstration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centrifuge_demonstration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XBASE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XBASE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>XBASE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XBASE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segment_orbital_am%C3%A9ricain" title="Segment orbital américain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Segment orbital américain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B6%A4%EB%8F%84_%EB%B6%80%EB%B6%84" title="미국 궤도 부분 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 궤도 부분" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmento_orbitale_americano" title="Segmento orbitale americano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Segmento orbitale americano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%A1" title="Американский сегмент МКС – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американский сегмент МКС" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABD_Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCnge_Segmenti" title="ABD Yörünge Segmenti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="ABD Yörünge Segmenti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%A1" title="Американський сегмент МКС – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Американський сегмент МКС" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2025902#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"USOS" redirects here. For the professional wrestling tag team, see <a href="/wiki/The_Usos" title="The Usos">The Usos</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Usos_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Usos (disambiguation)">Usos (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">US Orbital Segment</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Orbital_Segment_-_May_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/US_Orbital_Segment_-_May_2011.jpg/240px-US_Orbital_Segment_-_May_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/US_Orbital_Segment_-_May_2011.jpg/360px-US_Orbital_Segment_-_May_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/US_Orbital_Segment_-_May_2011.jpg/480px-US_Orbital_Segment_-_May_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="3368" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The US Orbital Segment with <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> docked. <i>Zarya</i> is also a NASA module but it is manufactured by Russia</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Module statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1998-067A</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rocket_launch" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket launch">Launch date</a></th><td class="infobox-data">December 4, 1998<span class="noprint">; 25 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1998-12-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Launch vehicle</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>, <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon" title="SpaceX Dragon">SpaceX Dragon</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>US Orbital Segment</b> (<b>USOS</b>) is the name given to the components of the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS) constructed and operated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a> (NASA), <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (ESA), <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a> (CSA) and <a href="/wiki/Japan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency</a> (JAXA). The segment consists of eleven pressurized components and various external elements, almost all of which were delivered by the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>. </p><p>The segment is monitored and controlled from various mission control centers around the world including <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Control_Centre" title="Columbus Control Centre">Columbus Control Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oberpfaffenhofen" title="Oberpfaffenhofen">Oberpfaffenhofen</a>, Germany and <a href="/wiki/Tsukuba_Space_Center" title="Tsukuba Space Center">Tsukuba Space Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tsukuba" title="Tsukuba">Tsukuba</a>, Japan. However, it depends on the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Segment" title="Russian Orbital Segment">Russian Orbital Segment</a> for essential flight control, <a href="/wiki/Orbital_station-keeping" title="Orbital station-keeping">orbital station-keeping</a> and life support systems.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa20200113_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa20200113-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modules">Modules</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Modules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS_configuration_2022-12_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/ISS_configuration_2022-12_en.svg/300px-ISS_configuration_2022-12_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/ISS_configuration_2022-12_en.svg/450px-ISS_configuration_2022-12_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/ISS_configuration_2022-12_en.svg/600px-ISS_configuration_2022-12_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1257" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>ISS configuration as of December 2022.</figcaption></figure> <p>The US Orbital Segment consists of 10 pressurized modules. Of these, seven are habitable, and three are connecting nodes with large ports. The ports are used to connect the modules together or provide berths and docks for spacecraft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nodes">Nodes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nodes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each of the nodes has ports called <a href="/wiki/Common_Berthing_Mechanism" title="Common Berthing Mechanism">Common Berthing Mechanisms</a> (CBM). All three nodes have 4 ports around their exterior, and 1 port on each end, 6 ports in total. In addition to the 18 ports on the nodes there are additional ports on the modules, most of these are used for mating modules together, while unused CBM ports can berth one of the re-supply spacecraft MPLM, HTV, Dragon Cargo or Cygnus. There are two <a href="/wiki/Pressurized_Mating_Adapter" title="Pressurized Mating Adapter">PMA</a> adapters that change CBM ports to <a href="/wiki/Androgynous_Peripheral_Attach_System#APAS-95" title="Androgynous Peripheral Attach System">docking ports</a>, the type used by Soyuz, Progress, Automated Transfer Vehicle, and the former Space Shuttle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unity"><i>Unity</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Unity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first component of the USOS pressurized segment is the <a href="/wiki/Unity_(ISS_module)" title="Unity (ISS module)"><i>Unity</i></a>. On the aft end of <i>Unity</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Pressurized_Mating_Adapter" title="Pressurized Mating Adapter">Pressurized Mating Adapter</a> (PMA) 1. The PMA-1 connects <i>Unity</i> with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Segment" title="Russian Orbital Segment">Russian segment</a>. Unity is also connected to the <i>Quest</i> airlock on the starboard side, <i>Tranquility</i> on the port side, and the Z1 truss on the <a href="/wiki/Zenith" title="Zenith">zenith</a>. The <i>Destiny</i> lab connects to the forward end, leading to the rest of the USOS. <i>Unity</i> is also used by the crews on board the ISS to eat meals and share some downtime together. The <i>Unity</i> node was delivered to the station by <a href="/wiki/STS-88" title="STS-88">STS-88</a> on December 6, 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-sts88_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts88-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Harmony"><i>Harmony</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Harmony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Harmony_(ISS_module)" title="Harmony (ISS module)"><i>Harmony</i></a> is the central connecting node of the USOS. <i>Harmony</i> connects to the <i>Destiny</i> lab aft end, <i>Kibo</i> lab to the port side, and <i>Columbus</i> lab to the starboard side. The <i>Harmony</i> node's nadir and zenith ports also serves as the berthing port for <a href="/wiki/H-II_Transfer_Vehicle" title="H-II Transfer Vehicle">H-II Transfer Vehicle</a> (HTV), <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon" title="SpaceX Dragon">Dragon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(spacecraft)" title="Cygnus (spacecraft)">Cygnus</a> resupply vehicles. On the forward end of <i>Harmony</i> is PMA-2, which was used by visiting <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttles</a> as a mating adapter and by future crewed missions to the ISS. On July 18, 2016, aboard SpaceX CRS-9, NASA launched the International Docking Adapter-2, to convert the Shuttle <a href="/wiki/APAS-95" class="mw-redirect" title="APAS-95">APAS-95</a> docking adapter to the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Docking_System" title="NASA Docking System">NASA Docking System</a>, to be used with <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">SpaceX Dragon 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Starliner" title="Boeing Starliner">Boeing Starliner</a>. <i>Harmony</i> was delivered by the <a href="/wiki/STS-120" title="STS-120">STS-120</a> mission on October 23, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-sts120_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts120-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tranquility"><i>Tranquility</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tranquility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tranquility_(ISS_module)" title="Tranquility (ISS module)"><i>Tranquility node</i></a> houses the USOS life support systems.<sup id="cite_ref-node3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-node3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tranquility</i> also hosts the seven windowed <a href="/wiki/Cupola_(ISS_module)" title="Cupola (ISS module)"><i>Cupola</i> module</a> and the <i>Leonardo</i> module on its forward port. The forward facing port of <i>Tranquility</i> is blocked by the station's truss structure, while the aft facing port is free for use. While the nadir port is used by the <i>Cupola</i>, the zenith port is used by some exercise equipment inside the node. The starboard port is connected to node 1, and the port side is occupied by the PMA 3, previously a backup for the Shuttle docking, which will receive <a href="/wiki/International_Docking_Adapter" title="International Docking Adapter">International Docking Adapter</a>-3 during CRS-18, to allow connection with the Crew Dragon and Boeing Starliner. The <i>Tranquility</i> module was delivered by <a href="/wiki/STS-130" title="STS-130">STS-130</a> in February 2010, together with the <i>Cupola</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sts130_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts130-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laboratories">Laboratories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Laboratories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Destiny"><i>Destiny</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Destiny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Destiny_(ISS_module)" title="Destiny (ISS module)"><i>Destiny laboratory</i></a> is the American-built laboratory module. It is used for medical, engineering, biotechnological, physics, materials science and Earth science research. <i>Destiny</i> also houses a back-up robotic work station, and was the first of the USOS laboratories to be delivered. It was delivered by <a href="/wiki/STS-98" title="STS-98">STS-98</a> on February 7, 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-sts98_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts98-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Destiny</i> lab is managed by mission control centers in <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Columbus"><i>Columbus</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Columbus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Columbus_(ISS_module)" title="Columbus (ISS module)"><i>Columbus</i></a> is a laboratory module built by the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-esa1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esa1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is host to scientific research in fluids, biology, medicine, materials and Earth sciences. <i>Columbus</i> also has four external payload locations, used to expose experiments to the vacuum of space. The <i>Columbus</i> module was delivered to the ISS by <a href="/wiki/STS-122" title="STS-122">STS-122</a> on February 7, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-sts122_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts122-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Control_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbus Control Center">Columbus Control Center</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, is responsible for the control of the <i>Columbus</i> module.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kibo"><i>Kibo</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Kibo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USOS_window_identification.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/USOS_window_identification.png/220px-USOS_window_identification.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/USOS_window_identification.png/330px-USOS_window_identification.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/USOS_window_identification.png/440px-USOS_window_identification.png 2x" data-file-width="1043" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>USOS International Space Station window locations</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kibo_(ISS_module)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibo (ISS module)"><i>Kibo</i> laboratory</a> is the Japanese component of the USOS.<sup id="cite_ref-jaxa1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaxa1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Kibo</i> has four main parts: the <i>Kibo</i> lab itself, a pressurized cargo container, an exposed science platform and two robotic arms. The module is unique in that it has a small airlock, which can be used to pass payloads to the robotic arms or astronauts outside the station. The robotic arms are controlled from a work station inside the lab. The lab is used for research in medicine, engineering, biotechnology, physics, materials science and Earth science. The logistics container was the first part of <i>Kibo</i> to arrive. It was delivered by <a href="/wiki/STS-123" title="STS-123">STS-123</a> in March 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-sts123_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts123-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Kibo</i> lab itself was delivered to the ISS by the <a href="/wiki/STS-124" title="STS-124">STS-124</a> mission in May 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-sts124_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts124-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exposed facility was brought to the ISS by the <a href="/wiki/STS-127" title="STS-127">STS-127</a> mission in July 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-sts127_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts127-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The JEM Mission Control Room in <a href="/wiki/Tsukuba,_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsukuba, Japan">Tsukuba, Japan</a> is responsible for control of all elements of the <i>Kibo</i> laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-jemmcr_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jemmcr-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_modules">Other modules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other modules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Quest"><i>Quest</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Quest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS_Quest_airlock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/ISS_Quest_airlock.jpg/220px-ISS_Quest_airlock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/ISS_Quest_airlock.jpg/330px-ISS_Quest_airlock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/ISS_Quest_airlock.jpg/440px-ISS_Quest_airlock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1904" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><i>Quest</i></div></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Quest_Joint_Airlock" title="Quest Joint Airlock"><i>Quest</i> Joint Airlock</a> is used to host spacewalks from the USOS segment of the ISS. It consists of two main parts: the equipment lock and the crew lock. The equipment lock is where the <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_Mobility_Unit" title="Extravehicular Mobility Unit">Extravehicular Mobility Units</a> are stored and preparations for spacewalks are carried out. The crew lock is depressurized during spacewalks. The <i>Quest</i> airlock was delivered and installed by the <a href="/wiki/STS-104" title="STS-104">STS-104</a> crew in July 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-sts104_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts104-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Leonardo"><i>Leonardo</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Leonardo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Leonardo</i> module, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Multipurpose_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Multipurpose Module">Permanent Multipurpose Module</a> (PMM), is a module used for stowage space on the ISS. <i>Leonardo</i> is attached to the forward-facing side of the <i>Tranquility</i> node. The PMM was delivered to the ISS by the <a href="/wiki/STS-133" title="STS-133">STS-133</a> mission in early 2011. Originally the <a href="/wiki/Multi-Purpose_Logistics_Module" title="Multi-Purpose Logistics Module">Multi-Purpose Logistics Module</a> (MPLM) <i>Leonardo</i>, it was converted to stay on orbit for an extended period of time prior to being installed on the ISS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cupola"><i>Cupola</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cupola"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cupola_(ISS_module)" title="Cupola (ISS module)"><i>Cupola</i></a> is a seven-windowed module attached to the <i>Tranquillity</i> module. It is used for Earth observation and houses some gym equipment. All of the seven windows have covers that are closed when the windows aren't used, to protect the station from space debris impact. The <i>Cupola</i> was delivered together with the <i>Tranquility</i> node by <a href="/wiki/STS-130" title="STS-130">STS-130</a> in February 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-sts130_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts130-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module">Bigelow Expandable Activity Module</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bigelow Expandable Activity Module"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module" title="Bigelow Expandable Activity Module">Bigelow Expandable Activity Module</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> The <a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module" title="Bigelow Expandable Activity Module">Bigelow Expandable Activity Module</a> (BEAM) is an experimental <a href="/wiki/Inflatable_space_habitat" title="Inflatable space habitat">expandable</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station#Pressurised_modules" title="International Space Station">space station module</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Aerospace" title="Bigelow Aerospace">Bigelow Aerospace</a>, under contract to NASA, for testing as a temporary module on the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS) from 2016 to at most 2028, when the contract can not be further extended. It arrived at the ISS on 10 April 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module_space20160410_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module_space20160410-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was berthed to the station on 16 April 2016, and was expanded and pressurized on 28 May 2016. Although originally planned to be a two year test, it has exceeded expectations and is used as additional cargo storage. The module is under ownership of NASA after Bigelow Aerospace suspended operations in 2021.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pressurized_Mating_Adapter">Pressurized Mating Adapter</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pressurized Mating Adapter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pressurized_Mating_Adapter" title="Pressurized Mating Adapter">Pressurized Mating Adapters</a> (PMA) serve as docking ports on the USOS portion of the ISS. It converts the standard <a href="/wiki/Common_Berthing_Mechanism" title="Common Berthing Mechanism">Common Berthing Mechanism</a> to <a href="/wiki/APAS-95" class="mw-redirect" title="APAS-95">APAS-95</a>, the docking system that was used by the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Segment" title="Russian Orbital Segment">Russian Orbital Segment</a>. Currently PMA-1 is used to connect the <i>Unity</i> node with the <a href="/wiki/Zarya_(ISS_module)" title="Zarya (ISS module)"><i>Zarya</i> module</a> on the ISS. Pressurized Mating Adapter-2 is located on the forward end of <i>Harmony</i>, while PMA-3 is located in the zenith port of the same node.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (July 2019)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> PMA-2 was the main Shuttle docking port, with PMA-3 being its backup, used only a few times. With the new Crew Commercial Program and the retirement of the Shuttle fleet, NASA built the <a href="/wiki/International_Docking_Adapter" title="International Docking Adapter">International Docking Adapter</a>, to convert PMA-2 and PMA-3 to the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Docking_System" title="NASA Docking System">NASA Docking System</a>. IDA-1 was supposed to dock with PMA-2, but was lost in the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_CRS-7" title="SpaceX CRS-7">SpaceX CRS-7</a> launch failure. Thus IDA-2, which was brought by <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_CRS-9" title="SpaceX CRS-9">SpaceX CRS-9</a> and was supposed to dock to PMA-3, was shifted to PMA-2. IDA-3, the replacement for the lost IDA-1, was launched in July 2019 on <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_CRS-18" title="SpaceX CRS-18">SpaceX CRS-18</a> and was berthed to PMA-3. PMA-1 and PMA-2 were delivered with the <i>Unity</i> node on STS-88 in December 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-sts88_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts88-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third PMA was delivered by <a href="/wiki/STS-92" title="STS-92">STS-92</a> on October 11, 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-sts92_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts92-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_elements">External elements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integrated_Truss_Structure">Integrated Truss Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Integrated Truss Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS_Truss_structure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/ISS_Truss_structure.jpg/300px-ISS_Truss_structure.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/ISS_Truss_structure.jpg/450px-ISS_Truss_structure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/ISS_Truss_structure.jpg/600px-ISS_Truss_structure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Image taken during <a href="/wiki/STS-113" title="STS-113">STS-113</a> in 2002 showing a portion of the ITS.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S122e008269.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/S122e008269.jpg/300px-S122e008269.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/S122e008269.jpg/450px-S122e008269.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/S122e008269.jpg/600px-S122e008269.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2008" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Image taken during <a href="/wiki/STS-122" title="STS-122">STS-122</a> in 2008 showing an ITS segment with solar array attached at one end.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Truss_Structure" title="Integrated Truss Structure">Integrated Truss Structure</a> (ITS) houses vital equipment on the exterior of the ISS.<sup id="cite_ref-its_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-its-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each segment of truss is given a designation of P or S, indicating whether the segment is on the port or starboard side, and a number which indicates its position on its respective side. The truss system itself consists of 12 total segments—four on each side, and one central segment—which are connected to the ISS by attachment points on the <i>Destiny</i> module.<sup id="cite_ref-its2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-its2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The thirteenth piece, known as the Zenith-1 (Z1) truss segment, is attached to the <i>Unity</i> module, and was originally used to hold the P6 <a href="/wiki/Solar_array" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar array">solar arrays</a> to provide power to the USOS. The Z1 segment now houses the <a href="/wiki/Ku_band" title="Ku band">K<sub>u</sub>-band</a> antennas and serves as a routing point for power and data cables on the exterior of the ISS. The Integrated Truss Structure is made from <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a>. It spans approximately 110 meters long and houses four sets of solar arrays. Each set of solar arrays contains four arrays for a total of 16 solar arrays. Each of the four sets of arrays also has an associated cooling system and radiator for cooling the power supply equipment. The Integrated Truss Structure also houses the main cooling system for the ISS, which consists of two pumps, two radiator arrays, and two ammonia and two nitrogen tank assemblies. There are also several payload attachment points located on the Integrated Truss Structure. These points host the <a href="/wiki/External_Stowage_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="External Stowage Platform">External Stowage Platforms</a>, External Logistics Carriers, <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer" title="Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer">Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer</a> and the Mobile Base System for the <a href="/wiki/Canadarm2" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadarm2">Canadarm2</a>. The Z1 truss was delivered by the <a href="/wiki/STS-92" title="STS-92">STS-92</a> mission in October 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-sts92_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts92-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The P6 segment was installed on <a href="/wiki/STS-97" title="STS-97">STS-97</a> in December 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-sts97_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts97-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The S0 truss was delivered to the ISS on <a href="/wiki/STS-110" title="STS-110">STS-110</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sts110_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts110-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the S1 segment following on <a href="/wiki/STS-112" title="STS-112">STS-112</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sts112_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts112-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The P1 segment of the truss was brought to the ISS by <a href="/wiki/STS-113" title="STS-113">STS-113</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sts113_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts113-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by the P3/P4 segment on <a href="/wiki/STS-115" title="STS-115">STS-115</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sts115_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts115-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the P5 segment on <a href="/wiki/STS-116" title="STS-116">STS-116</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sts116_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts116-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The S3/S4 truss segment was delivered by <a href="/wiki/STS-117" title="STS-117">STS-117</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sts117_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts117-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by the S5 segment <a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sts118_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts118-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last component of the truss segment, the S6 segment, was delivered by <a href="/wiki/STS-119" title="STS-119">STS-119</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sts119_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts119-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_Stowage_Platform">External Stowage Platform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External Stowage Platform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/External_Stowage_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="External Stowage Platform">External Stowage Platforms</a> (ESP), are a series of platforms that are used to store <a href="/wiki/Orbital_Replacement_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbital Replacement Units">Orbital Replacement Units</a> (ORU) on the ISS. The ESP's provide power to the ORU's but do not allow command and data handling. External Stowage Platform 1 is located on the port side of the <i>Destiny</i> lab and was delivered on the <a href="/wiki/STS-102" title="STS-102">STS-102</a> mission in March 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-sts102_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts102-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ESP-2 is located on the port side of the <i>Quest</i> airlock, and was brought to the ISS by the <a href="/wiki/STS-114" title="STS-114">STS-114</a> crew in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-sts114_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts114-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ESP-3 is located on the Starboard 3 (S3) truss segment and was delivered to the ISS on the <a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a> mission in August 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-sts118_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts118-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ExPRESS_logistics_carrier">ExPRESS logistics carrier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: ExPRESS logistics carrier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ELC-2_showing_MISSE_and_HPGT_removed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ELC-2_showing_MISSE_and_HPGT_removed.jpg/220px-ELC-2_showing_MISSE_and_HPGT_removed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ELC-2_showing_MISSE_and_HPGT_removed.jpg/330px-ELC-2_showing_MISSE_and_HPGT_removed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ELC-2_showing_MISSE_and_HPGT_removed.jpg/440px-ELC-2_showing_MISSE_and_HPGT_removed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3376" data-file-height="2703" /></a><figcaption>ELC-2 on the truss structure</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/ExPRESS_logistics_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="ExPRESS logistics carrier">ExPRESS logistics carriers</a> (ELCs) are similar to the External Stowage Platform, but designed to carry more cargo. Unlike the ESPs, the ELCs allow for command and data handling. They utilize a steel grid structure where external mounted containers, payloads and gyroscopes are mounted; and science experiments can be fitted. Some ELC components have been built by the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Space_Agency" title="Brazilian Space Agency">Brazilian Space Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ExPRESS Logistics Carriers 1, located on the lower P3 truss, and ELC 2, located on the upper S3 truss, were delivered by the <a href="/wiki/STS-129" title="STS-129">STS-129</a> mission in November 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-sts129_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts129-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ELC-3 was brought to the ISS by the <a href="/wiki/STS-134" title="STS-134">STS-134</a> crew, is located on the upper P3 truss.<sup id="cite_ref-sts134_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts134-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ELC-4 was delivered and installed on the lower S3 truss segment, during the <a href="/wiki/STS-133" title="STS-133">STS-133</a> mission.<sup id="cite_ref-sts133_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts133-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer_2">Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer" title="Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer">Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer</a> (AMS) is a particle physics experiment that is mounted on the S3 truss segment. The AMS is designed to search for <a href="/wiki/Dark_matter" title="Dark matter">dark matter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-matter">anti-matter</a>. Five hundred scientists from 56 different institutions and 16 countries participated in the development and construction of the AMS. The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer was delivered by the STS-134 crew.<sup id="cite_ref-sts134_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts134-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_Servicing_System">Mobile Servicing System</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Mobile Servicing System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_Servicing_System" title="Mobile Servicing System">Mobile Servicing System</a></div> <p>The components of the MSS were supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a> in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/MDA_Space_Missions" class="mw-redirect" title="MDA Space Missions">MDA Space Missions</a>. The Mobile Transporter that carries the Mobile Base System was designed and built by Northrop Grumman under contract with NASA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canadarm2">Canadarm2</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Canadarm2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main component of the mobile servicing system is the <a href="/wiki/Canadarm2" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadarm2">Canadarm2</a>, also known as the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS). The arm is capable of moving large, heavy payloads that cannot be handled by astronauts during a spacewalk. The arm has a payload capacity of 116,000 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a> (256,000 <a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">lb</a>), and 7 degrees of freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-mss_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mss-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canadarm2 is also capable of changing where it is stationed and what end is used. There are <a href="/wiki/Grapple_Fixture" class="mw-redirect" title="Grapple Fixture">grapple fixtures</a> for the Candarm2 on the <i>Destiny</i> lab, <i>Harmony</i> node, <i>Unity</i> node and the Mobile Base System. A grapple fixture is installed on the <a href="/wiki/Zarya_(ISS_module)" title="Zarya (ISS module)"><i>Zarya</i> module</a>, but does not have data cables connected. Once these cables are connected, the Canadarm2 will be able to position itself on the exterior of <i>Zarya</i> and will be able to support <a href="/wiki/Extra-vehicular_Activity" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra-vehicular Activity">Extra-vehicular Activity</a> (EVA) in the vicinity the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS). The Canadarm2 was assembled and installed by the <a href="/wiki/STS-100" title="STS-100">STS-100</a> crew in early 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-sts100_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts100-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Special_Purpose_Dextrous_Manipulator">Special Purpose Dextrous Manipulator</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Special Purpose Dextrous Manipulator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dextre" title="Dextre">Dextre</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Special_Purpose_Dexterous_Manipulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator">Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator</a> (SPDM), also known as Dextre, is a two armed robot that can be attached to the ISS, the Mobile Base System or Canadarm2. Dextre is capable of performing tasks that would otherwise require an astronaut to perform. These tasks include switching <a href="/wiki/Orbital_replacement_unit" title="Orbital replacement unit">orbital replacement units</a> or moving ORUs from their stowage locations to where they are to be installed. Using Dextre can reduce preparatory time needed to perform certain tasks and afford astronauts the ability to invest more time in the completion of other tasks. Dextre's primary grapple fixture is located on the <i>Destiny</i> lab, but can also be mounted on any powered grapple fixture on the ISS. It has a payload capacity of 600 kg (1,300 lb), and 15 degrees of freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-mss_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mss-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dextre was delivered to the ISS by <a href="/wiki/STS-123" title="STS-123">STS-123</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sts123_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts123-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mobile_Base_System">Mobile Base System</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Mobile Base System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Canadarm2#Mobile_Base_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadarm2">Mobile Base System</a> (MBS) is a rail car-like device installed on the Integrated Truss Structure of the ISS. It weighs 886 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a> (1,953 <a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">lb</a>), and has a payload capacity of 20,954 kg (46,196 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-mbs1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mbs1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MBS can move from the Starboard 3 (S3) to the Port 3 (P3) truss segments and has a top speed of 2.5 <a href="/wiki/Metre_per_second" title="Metre per second">cm/s</a> (0.082 <a href="/wiki/Feet_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Feet per second">ft/s</a>). The MBS has four <a href="/wiki/Power_Data_Grapple_Fixture" class="mw-redirect" title="Power Data Grapple Fixture">PDGFs</a> which can be used as mounts for the <a href="/wiki/Canadarm2" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadarm2">Canadarm2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dextre" title="Dextre">Dextre</a>, as well as a Payload/Orbital Replacement Unit Accommodations (POA), to hold payloads and <a href="/wiki/Orbital_Replacement_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbital Replacement Units">Orbital Replacement Units</a> (ORUs). The MBS also has a common attach system, to grapple a special capture bar on payloads. It also has its own main computer and video distribution units, and remote power control modules.<sup id="cite_ref-mbs2_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mbs2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MBS was delivered on <a href="/wiki/STS-111" title="STS-111">STS-111</a> in June 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-sts111_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sts111-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Enhanced_ISS_Boom_Assembly">Enhanced ISS Boom Assembly</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Enhanced ISS Boom Assembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Orbiter_Boom_Sensor_System#Enhanced_ISS_Boom_Assembly" title="Orbiter Boom Sensor System">Enhanced ISS Boom Assembly</a> is used to extend the reach of Canadarm2 and provides detailed inspection capability. There are lasers and cameras at the end of the boom able to record at a resolution of a few millimeters. The boom is also fitted with handrails, so that it can assist spacewalkers during EVAs as was done on STS-120 to repair the solar arrays. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposed_modules">Proposed modules</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Proposed modules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Axiom_Space">Axiom Space</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Axiom Space"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Axiom_Orbital_Segment" title="Axiom Orbital Segment">Axiom Orbital Segment</a></div> <p>On January 27, 2020, NASA announced that it had given permission to Axiom Space to launch up to three modules to attach to the International Space Station. The first module could be launched as soon as 2024; the first module is currently proposed to be docked to the forward port of the <i><a href="/wiki/Harmony_(ISS_module)" title="Harmony (ISS module)">Harmony</a></i> module, though that would require relocation of <a href="/wiki/Pressurized_Mating_Adapter" title="Pressurized Mating Adapter">PMA-2</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Docking_Adapter" title="International Docking Adapter">IDA-2</a>. Axiom Space plans to attach up to two additional modules to its first core module, and send private astronauts to inhabit the modules.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon retirement of the ISS, the Axiom module will be joined by additional elements, including a power and thermal module with an airlock, that together will function as the Axiom Commercial Space Station.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cancelled_modules">Cancelled modules</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Cancelled modules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are various proposed modules to extend the US Orbital Segment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habitation_Extension_Modules">Habitation Extension Modules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Habitation Extension Modules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Habitation_Extension_Modules" title="Habitation Extension Modules">Habitation Extension Modules</a></div> <p>The Habitation Extension Modules (HEM) refer to proposed <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a>-built modules designed to connect to <i><a href="/wiki/Tranquility_(ISS_module)" title="Tranquility (ISS module)">Tranquility</a></i> module of the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>. They were conceived by a consortium of engineers and scientists led by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hempsell" title="Mark Hempsell">Mark Hempsell</a>, aeronautical engineer at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">University of Bristol</a>. The proposal has no formal support of the British government, as of January 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. If funded, the modules were intended to be launched sometime in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Node_4">Node 4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Node 4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Node_4" title="Node 4">Node 4</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Infatable_Module_and_Node_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Infatable_Module_and_Node_4.jpg/220px-Infatable_Module_and_Node_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Infatable_Module_and_Node_4.jpg/330px-Infatable_Module_and_Node_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Infatable_Module_and_Node_4.jpg/440px-Infatable_Module_and_Node_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>An artist's concept of the Node 4 with an <a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module" title="Bigelow Expandable Activity Module">inflatable module</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Node 4, also known as the Docking Hub System (DHS), was a proposed module that would have been built using the Node Structural Test Article (STA) and docked to the forward port of the <a href="/wiki/Harmony_(ISS_module)" title="Harmony (ISS module)">Harmony module</a>. The Structural Test Article was built to facilitate testing of ISS hardware and was intended to become Node 1. However, during construction, structural design flaws were discovered. The under-construction Node 2 was renamed Node 1 and the STA (ex-Node 1) was put into storage at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011 <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> was considering a 40-month design and development effort for Node 4 that would result in its launch in late 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-NasaSpaceflight_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NasaSpaceflight-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a> was retired, had a decision to build and launch Node 4 been taken, it would have been launched by an <a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> or <a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy">Delta IV Heavy</a> launch vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-NasaSpaceflight_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NasaSpaceflight-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centrifuge_demonstration">Centrifuge demonstration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Centrifuge demonstration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nautilus-X" title="Nautilus-X">Nautilus-X</a></div> <p>In order to assess and characterize influences and effects of the centrifuge relative to human reactions, mechanical dynamic responses and influences, the demonstration of Nautilus-X centrifuge would be tested on the ISS. </p><p>If produced, this centrifuge would have been the first in-space demonstration of sufficient scale for <a href="/wiki/Artificial_gravity" title="Artificial gravity">artificial partial-G</a> effects.<sup id="cite_ref-holderman-onscribd_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holderman-onscribd-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The demonstrator would be sent using a single <a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy">Delta IV Heavy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> launch vehicle. The full cost of such a demonstrator would be between US$83 million and US$143 million. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XBASE">XBASE</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: XBASE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/B330" title="B330">B330</a></div> <p>In August 2016, <a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Aerospace" title="Bigelow Aerospace">Bigelow Aerospace</a> negotiated an agreement with NASA to develop a full-sized ground prototype Deep Space Habitation based on the B330 under the second phase of <a href="/wiki/Next_Space_Technologies_for_Exploration_Partnerships" title="Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships">Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships</a>. The module is called the Expandable Bigelow Advanced Station Enhancement (XBASE), as Bigelow hopes to test the module by attaching it to the International Space Station.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_20160809_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_20160809-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operational control of the US Orbital Segment of the ISS is accomplished by NASA and the ESA, the agency that manages the civilian portion of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">US government</a> space program. </p><p>In the early years of the ISS operation beginning in 2000,<sup id="cite_ref-time20001102_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time20001102-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a lot of the work in the US Orbital Segment was performed by NASA astronauts—although some NASA-trained astronauts were employees of non-US government space agencies—and all cargo and crew transport to the space station was handled by NASA-owned spacecraft, specifically, by the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>. Beginning in the late 2000s, NASA began to contract for commercial services to <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Resupply_Services" title="Commercial Resupply Services">transport cargo</a> to the space station<sup id="cite_ref-nasa20081223_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa20081223-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with services beginning in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc20210522_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc20210522-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2020, operational commercial flights were handling ISS USOS <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">crew transport</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-nsf20201117_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf20201117-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, NASA began to open up a limited amount of its space and astronaut time on the US Orbital Segment to commercial use. In 2005, the US Congress authorized that one of the several <a href="/wiki/ISS_National_Lab" title="ISS National Lab">U.S. National Laboratories</a> should exist on board the ISS, and commercial research could be done there. The <a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_Advancement_of_Science_in_Space" title="Center for the Advancement of Science in Space">Center for the Advancement of Science in Space</a> (CASIS) was set up to operate the lab. In September 2009, <a href="/wiki/Nanoracks" title="Nanoracks">Nanoracks</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Space_Act_Agreement" title="Space Act Agreement">first contract</a> with NASA to utilize the on-orbit lab space, and had their first laboratory on the Space Station in April 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes20111121_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes20111121-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other companies followed,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> however the commercial space and commercial experiments on the ISS have always been limited, with most orbital segment space and experiments reserved for direct use by NASA, the ESA and JAXA. </p><p>Prices to be paid by commercial companies utilizing the ISS National Lab on USOS were heavily subsidized from 2010 until early 2021. Beginning in March 2021, the subsidy was removed, and prices raised by NASA to approximate "full reimbursement for the value of NASA resources."<sup id="cite_ref-sn20210304_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn20210304-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NASA published a "Commercial and Marketing Pricing Policy" beginning in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-nasaPricing20190607_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasaPricing20190607-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historical prices and ~2021 prices on offer for services in the USOS are:<sup id="cite_ref-nasaPricing20210305_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasaPricing20210305-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The text near this tag is dated. (November 2022)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>NASA-provided Service </th> <th>2010−2019 price </th> <th>2019−2020 price </th> <th>2021−present price </th> <th>Comments </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Upmass" class="mw-redirect" title="Upmass">Transport cargo to ISS</a><br /><small>(US$/kg)</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$3,000</span> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$20,000</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-sn20210304_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn20210304-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Downmass" class="mw-redirect" title="Downmass">Transport cargo from ISS to Earth</a><br /><small>(US$/kg)</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$6,000</span> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$40,000</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-sn20210304_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn20210304-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crew member time<br /><small>(US$/hour)</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$17,500</span> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$130,000</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-sn20210304_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn20210304-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Private astronaut crew supplies<br /><small>(US$/day)</small> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$22,500</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-sn20210304_53-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn20210304-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Private astronaut life support<br /><small>(US$/day)</small> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$11,250</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-sn20210304_53-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn20210304-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stowage<br /><small>(US$ per <a href="/wiki/CTBE" class="mw-redirect" title="CTBE">CTBE</a> per day)</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$105</span><sup id="cite_ref-nasaPricing20190607_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasaPricing20190607-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Power<br /><small>(US$/kWh)</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$42</span><sup id="cite_ref-nasaPricing20190607_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasaPricing20190607-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Data downlink<br /><small>(US$/GB)</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$50</span><sup id="cite_ref-nasaPricing20190607_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasaPricing20190607-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trash disposal<br /><small>(US$/kg)</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$3,000</span><sup id="cite_ref-nasaPricing20190607_54-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasaPricing20190607-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$20,000</span><sup id="cite_ref-nasaPricing20210305_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasaPricing20210305-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_X-38" title="NASA X-38">NASA X-38</a>, canceled crew return vehicle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_HL-20" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA HL-20">NASA HL-20</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dream_Chaser" title="Dream Chaser">Dream Chaser</a> proposed crew return vehicle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Segment" title="Russian Orbital Segment">Russian Orbital Segment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol 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no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/zvezda-service-module.html">"International Space Station : Zvezda Service Module Overview"</a>. 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NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100414104324/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-130/STS130.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 14, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-98+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-98%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-esa1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-esa1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Columbus/ESAAYI0VMOC_0.html">"Columbus Laboratory"</a>. European Space Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208154208/http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Columbus/ESAAYI0VMOC_0.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Columbus+Laboratory&rft.pub=European+Space+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esa.int%2FSPECIALS%2FColumbus%2FESAAYI0VMOC_0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts122-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts122_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS%2D122/SPK-122.pdf">"STS-122 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150814073313/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-122/SPK-122.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-122+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS%252D122%2FSPK-122.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jaxa1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jaxa1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120313234039/http://www.jaxa.jp/projects/iss_human/kibo/index_e.html">"Kibo Laboratory"</a>. JAXA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaxa.jp/projects/iss_human/kibo/index_e.html">the original</a> on March 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kibo+Laboratory&rft.pub=JAXA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Fprojects%2Fiss_human%2Fkibo%2Findex_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts123-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sts123_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sts123_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-123/STS123.pdf">"STS-123 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404125815/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-123/STS123.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-123+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-123%2FSTS123.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts124-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts124_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS%2D124/STS124.pdf">"STS-124 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404125822/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-124/STS124.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-124+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS%252D124%2FSTS124.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts127-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts127_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-127/STS127.pdf">"STS-127 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404125813/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-127/STS127.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-127+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-127%2FSTS127.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jemmcr-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jemmcr_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humans-in-space.jaxa.jp/en/kibo/operation/team/">"Operations Team"</a>. JAXA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operations+Team&rft.pub=JAXA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumans-in-space.jaxa.jp%2Fen%2Fkibo%2Foperation%2Fteam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts104-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts104_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-104/">"STS-104 Press Kit"</a>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071222054057/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-104/">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-104+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-104%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module_space20160410-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module_space20160410_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearlman2016" class="citation news cs1">Pearlman, Robert (April 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/32528-spacex-dragon-delivers-inflatable-room-space-station.html">"SpaceX Dragon Arrives at Space Station, Delivers Inflatable Room Prototype"</a>. Space.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SpaceX+Dragon+Arrives+at+Space+Station%2C+Delivers+Inflatable+Room+Prototype&rft.date=2016-04-10&rft.aulast=Pearlman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F32528-spacex-dragon-delivers-inflatable-room-space-station.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pressurized_Mating_Adapter" title="Pressurized Mating Adapter">Pressurized Mating Adapter</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts92-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sts92_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sts92_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-92/">"STS-92 Press Kit"</a>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090324055632/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-92/">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-92+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-92%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-its-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-its_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/spacestation/components/integrated_truss.html">"Integrated Truss Structure"</a>. Boeing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120202092513/http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/spacestation/components/integrated_truss.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Integrated+Truss+Structure&rft.pub=Boeing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boeing.com%2Fdefense-space%2Fspace%2Fspacestation%2Fcomponents%2Fintegrated_truss.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-its2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-its2_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/its.html">"Space Station Assembly – Integrated Truss Structure"</a>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071207081810/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/its.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Space+Station+Assembly+%E2%80%93+Integrated+Truss+Structure&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fstation%2Fstructure%2Felements%2Fits.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts97-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts97_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-97/">"STS-97 Press Kit"</a>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010503130657/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-97/">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-97+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-97%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts110-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts110_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051030030928/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-110/spk-110.pdf">"STS-110 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS%2D110/spk-110.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 30, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-110+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS%252D110%2Fspk-110.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts112-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts112_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS%2D112/spk-112.pdf">"STS-112 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070225092729/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-112/spk-112.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 25, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-112+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS%252D112%2Fspk-112.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts113-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts113_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS%2D113/SPK_sts-113.pdf">"STS-113 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928082821/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-113/SPK_sts-113.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-113+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS%252D113%2FSPK_sts-113.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts115-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts115_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-115/SPK-115.pdf">"STS-115 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110416080937/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-115/SPK-115.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-115+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-115%2FSPK-115.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts116-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts116_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-116/Presskit_STS116.pdf">"STS-116 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070104215633/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-116/Presskit_STS116.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 4, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-116+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-116%2FPresskit_STS116.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts117-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts117_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-117/PressKit_117.pdf">"STS-117 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070225084511/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-117/PressKit_117.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 25, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-117+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-117%2FPressKit_117.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts118-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sts118_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sts118_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-118/STS118.pdf">"STS-118 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171234/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-118/STS118.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-118+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-118%2FSTS118.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts119-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts119_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-119/STS119.pdf">"STS-119 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171242/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-119/STS119.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-119+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-119%2FSTS119.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts102-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts102_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-102/">"STS-102 Press Kit"</a>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011106125306/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-102/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-102+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts114-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts114_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-114/Presskit_RTF_STS114.pdf">"STS-114 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110416081018/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-114/Presskit_RTF_STS114.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-114+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-114%2FPresskit_RTF_STS114.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727035243/https://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/assembly/elements/ep/index.html">"ISS Assembly: EXPRESS Pallet"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/assembly/elements/ep/index.html">the original</a> on July 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISS+Assembly%3A+EXPRESS+Pallet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspaceflight.nasa.gov%2Fstation%2Fassembly%2Felements%2Fep%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts129-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts129_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-129/STS129.pdf">"STS-129 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090415/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-129/STS129.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-129+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-129%2FSTS129.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts134-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sts134_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sts134_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/491387main_STS-133%20Press%20Kit.pdf">"STS-134 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170504171633/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/491387main_STS-133%20Press%20Kit.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-134+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpdf%2F491387main_STS-133%2520Press%2520Kit.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts133-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts133_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-133/STS133.pdf">"STS-133 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129111610/http://shuttlepresskit.com/STS-133/STS133.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 29, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-133+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-133%2FSTS133.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mss-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mss_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mss_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626152824/http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/iss/mobile_base/mss.asp">"The Mobile Servicing System"</a>. Canadian Space Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/iss/mobile_base/mss.asp">the original</a> on June 26, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mobile+Servicing+System&rft.pub=Canadian+Space+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asc-csa.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fiss%2Fmobile_base%2Fmss.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts100-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts100_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-100/">"STS-100 Press Kit"</a>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010413223202/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-100/">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-100+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-100%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mbs1-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mbs1_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112552/http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/iss/mobile_base/backgrounder.asp">"Mobile Base System – Backgrounder"</a>. Canadian Space Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/iss/mobile_base/backgrounder.asp">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mobile+Base+System+%E2%80%93+Backgrounder&rft.pub=Canadian+Space+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asc-csa.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fiss%2Fmobile_base%2Fbackgrounder.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mbs2-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mbs2_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063935/http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/iss/mobile_base/design_component.asp">"Mobile Base System – MBS Design"</a>. Canadian Space Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/iss/mobile_base/design_component.asp">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mobile+Base+System+%E2%80%93+MBS+Design&rft.pub=Canadian+Space+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asc-csa.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fiss%2Fmobile_base%2Fdesign_component.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sts111-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sts111_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-111/sts-111_SPK.pdf">"STS-111 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030406071037/http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-111/sts-111_SPK.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 6, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-111+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttlepresskit.com%2FSTS-111%2Fsts-111_SPK.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/nasa-selects-axiom-space-to-build-commercial-space-station-module/">"NASA selects Axiom Space to build commercial space station module"</a>. <i>SpaceNews.com</i>. January 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axiomspace+Jan2020&rft.atitle=Axiom+Space+%E2%80%93+Axiom+Commercial+Space+Station&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axiomspace.com%2Faxiom-station&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUS+Orbital+Segment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsu" class="citation news cs1">Hsu, Jeremy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/080116-tw-british-iss.html">"Space Station Modules Proposed by UK Scientists"</a>. <i>Space.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100421041557/http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/080116-tw-british-iss.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Components_of_the_International_Space_Station" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ISS_modules" title="Template:ISS modules"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ISS_modules" title="Template talk:ISS modules"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ISS_modules" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ISS modules"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Components_of_the_International_Space_Station" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Components of the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orbiting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Segment" title="Russian Orbital Segment">Russian Segment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nauka_(ISS_module)" title="Nauka (ISS module)">Nauka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poisk_(ISS_module)" title="Poisk (ISS module)">Poisk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prichal_(ISS_module)" title="Prichal (ISS module)">Prichal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rassvet_(ISS_module)" title="Rassvet (ISS module)">Rassvet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zarya_(ISS_module)" title="Zarya (ISS module)">Zarya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(ISS_module)" title="Zvezda (ISS module)">Zvezda</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">US Segment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module" title="Bigelow Expandable Activity Module">BEAM</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Columbus_(ISS_module)" title="Columbus (ISS module)">Columbus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cupola_(ISS_module)" title="Cupola (ISS module)">Cupola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Destiny_(ISS_module)" title="Destiny (ISS module)">Destiny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harmony_(ISS_module)" title="Harmony (ISS module)">Harmony</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kibo_(ISS_module)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibo (ISS module)">Kibō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(ISS_module)" title="Leonardo (ISS module)">Leonardo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_Joint_Airlock" title="Quest Joint Airlock"><i>Quest</i> airlock</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tranquility_(ISS_module)" title="Tranquility (ISS module)">Tranquility</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unity_(ISS_module)" title="Unity (ISS module)">Unity</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Subsystems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanoracks_Bishop_Airlock" title="Nanoracks Bishop Airlock">Bishop airlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_system_of_the_International_Space_Station" title="Electrical system of the International Space Station">Electrical System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Robotic_Arm" title="European Robotic Arm">European Robotic Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_Stowage_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="External Stowage Platform">External Stowage Platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExPRESS_Logistics_Carrier" title="ExPRESS Logistics Carrier">ExPRESS Logistics Carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Docking_Adapter" title="International Docking Adapter">International Docking Adapters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Truss_Structure" title="Integrated Truss Structure">Integrated Truss Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISS_ECLSS" title="ISS ECLSS">Life Support System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Servicing_System" title="Mobile Servicing System">Mobile Servicing System</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadarm2" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadarm2">Canadarm2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextre" title="Dextre">Dextre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiter_Boom_Sensor_System" title="Orbiter Boom Sensor System">Boom Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressurized_Mating_Adapter" title="Pressurized Mating Adapter">Pressurized Mating Adapters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strela_(crane)" title="Strela (crane)">Strela</a> cranes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window_Observational_Research_Facility" title="Window Observational Research Facility">Window Observational Research Facility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Experimental<br />devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer" title="Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer">AMS-02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Aerosol_Transport_System" title="Cloud Aerosol Transport System">CATS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Ecosystem_Dynamics_Investigation_lidar" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation lidar">GEDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Definition_Earth_Viewing_cameras" title="High Definition Earth Viewing cameras">HDEV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Ray_Energetics_and_Mass_Experiment" title="Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass Experiment">ISS-CREAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXI_(ISS_Experiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="MAXI (ISS Experiment)">MAXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_Star_Interior_Composition_Explorer" title="Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer">NICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PK-3_Plus_(ISS_Experiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="PK-3 Plus (ISS Experiment)">PK-3 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAGE_III_on_ISS" title="SAGE III on ISS">SAGE III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS_blueprint.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ISS components"><img alt="ISS components" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ISS_blueprint.png/150px-ISS_blueprint.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ISS_blueprint.png/225px-ISS_blueprint.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ISS_blueprint.png/300px-ISS_blueprint.png 2x" data-file-width="4728" data-file-height="2723" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Majorcomponents" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Major<br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pirs_(ISS_module)" title="Pirs (ISS module)">Pirs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Orbital_Segment" title="Axiom Orbital Segment">Axiom Orbital Segment</a></li> <li>US Deorbit Vehicle</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Node_4" title="Node 4">Node 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expandable_Bigelow_Advanced_Station_Enhancement" class="mw-redirect" title="Expandable Bigelow Advanced Station Enhancement">XBASE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spare<br />hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-Purpose_Logistics_Module" title="Multi-Purpose Logistics Module">Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Control_Module" title="Interim Control Module">Interim Control Module</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISS_Propulsion_Module" title="ISS Propulsion Module">Propulsion Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrifuge_Accommodations_Module" title="Centrifuge Accommodations Module">Centrifuge Accommodations Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitation_Module" title="Habitation Module">Habitation Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_Return_Vehicle" title="Crew Return Vehicle">Crew Return Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Power_Platform" title="Science Power Platform">Science Power Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Docking_Module" title="Universal Docking Module">Universal Docking Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Research_Module" title="Russian Research Module">Russian Research Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-Power_Module-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Science-Power Module-1">Science Power Module</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_of_the_International_Space_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufacturing of the International Space Station">Manufacturing of the ISS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_International_Space_Station" title="Assembly of the International Space Station">Assembly of the ISS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Components_of_the_International_Space_Station" title="Category:Components of the International Space Station">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_stations_and_settlements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Space_stations" title="Template:Space stations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Space_stations" title="Template talk:Space stations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Space_stations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Space stations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_stations_and_settlements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">Space stations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Space_settlement" title="Space settlement">settlements</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_stations" title="List of space stations">List of space stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercial_space_stations" title="List of commercial space stations">List of commercial space stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station (ISS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_space_station" title="Tiangong space station">Tiangong space station (TSS)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_station_size_comparison_as_of_November_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Space_station_size_comparison_as_of_November_2024.svg/120px-Space_station_size_comparison_as_of_November_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Space_station_size_comparison_as_of_November_2024.svg/180px-Space_station_size_comparison_as_of_November_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Space_station_size_comparison_as_of_November_2024.svg/240px-Space_station_size_comparison_as_of_November_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1766" data-file-height="2049" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia /<br />Soviet Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_programme" title="Salyut programme">Salyut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_1" title="Salyut 1">Salyut 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS-2" title="DOS-2">DOS-2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_2" title="Salyut 2">Salyut 2</a><sup>† ‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_557" title="Kosmos 557">Cosmos 557</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_3" title="Salyut 3">Salyut 3</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_4" title="Salyut 4">Salyut 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_5" title="Salyut 5">Salyut 5</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_6" title="Salyut 6">Salyut 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_7" title="Salyut 7">Salyut 7</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OPS_0855" title="OPS 0855">OPS 0855</a><sup>°</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_program" title="Tiangong program">Tiangong program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong-1" title="Tiangong-1">Tiangong-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong-2" title="Tiangong-2">Tiangong-2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_I" title="Genesis I">Genesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_I" title="Genesis I">I</a><sup>°</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_II_(space_habitat)" title="Genesis II (space habitat)">II</a><sup>°</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canceled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Space_Station" title="Aurora Space Station">Aurora Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Commercial_Space_Station" title="Bigelow Commercial Space Station">Bigelow Commercial Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Habitat" title="Deep Space Habitat">Deep Space Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur_Almaz" title="Excalibur Almaz">Excalibur Almaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_Gateway_Platform" title="Exploration Gateway Platform">Exploration Gateway Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_(spacecraft)" title="Galaxy (spacecraft)">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Industries_Incorporated" title="Space Industries Incorporated">Industrial Space Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory" title="Manned Orbiting Laboratory">Manned Orbiting Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus-X" title="Nautilus-X">Nautilus-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Piloted_Assembly_and_Experiment_Complex" title="Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex">OPSEK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Technologies_Commercial_Space_Station" title="Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station">Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skylab_II" title="Skylab II">Skylab II</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/FlexCraft" class="mw-redirect" title="FlexCraft">FlexCraft</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab_B" title="Skylab B">Skylab B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundancer" title="Sundancer">Sundancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong-3" title="Tiangong-3">Tiangong-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incorporated into <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">ISS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Station_Freedom" title="Space Station Freedom">Space Station <i>Freedom</i></a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">USOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Man-Tended_Free_Flyer" title="Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer"><i>Columbus</i> MTFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_(ISS_module)" title="Columbus (ISS module)"><i>Columbus</i> (ISS module)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mir-2" title="Mir-2">Mir-2</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Segment" title="Russian Orbital Segment">ROS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Service_Station" title="Russian Orbital Service Station">Russian Orbital Service Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Axiom Station">Axiom Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haven-1" title="Haven-1">Haven-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Reef" title="Orbital Reef">Orbital Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlab_(space_station)" title="Starlab (space station)">Starlab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International(Western Aligned Nations only)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Antariksha_Station" title="Bharatiya Antariksha Station">Bharatiya Antariksha Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Space_Station_Module_(Mitsui)" title="Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)">Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Station" title="Lunar Orbital Station">Lunar Orbital Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Voyager Station">Voyager Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernal_sphere" title="Bernal sphere">Bernal sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Ring_(habitat)" title="Bishop Ring (habitat)">Bishop Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKendree_cylinder" title="McKendree cylinder">McKendree cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_cylinder" title="O'Neill cylinder">O'Neill cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotating_wheel_space_station" title="Rotating wheel space station">Rotating wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_settlement" title="Space settlement">Space settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_torus" title="Stanford torus">Stanford torus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_workshop" title="Wet workshop">Wet workshop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_space_stations" title="List of films featuring space stations">List of films featuring space stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_stations_and_habitats_in_fiction" title="Space stations and habitats in fiction">Space stations and habitats in fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission_to_Mir" title="Mission to Mir">Mission to Mir</a></i> (1997 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Station_3D" title="Space Station 3D">Space Station 3D</a></i> (2002 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orphans_of_Apollo" title="Orphans of Apollo">Orphans of Apollo</a></i> (2008 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Tourists" title="Space Tourists">Space Tourists</a></i> (2009 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Beautiful_Planet" title="A Beautiful Planet">A Beautiful Planet</a></i> (2016 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Notes: † Never inhabited due to launch or on-orbit failure, ‡ Part of the <a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> military program, ° Never inhabited, lacks docking mechanism.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_space_program" title="Template talk:NASA space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Policy</a> and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">History<br />(<a href="/wiki/Creation_of_NASA" title="Creation of NASA">creation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine#National_Commission_on_Space" title="Thomas O. Paine">Paine</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Committee" title="Augustine Committee">Augustine</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Clinton_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">U.S. National Space Policy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Aerospace_Industry" title="Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry">CFUSAI</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">CAIB</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Implementation_of_United_States_Space_Exploration_Policy" title="President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy">Aldridge</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrators_and_deputy_administrators_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA">Administrator and Deputy Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Chief_Scientist" title="NASA Chief Scientist">Chief Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">Astronaut Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_NASA" title="Budget of NASA">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_research" title="NASA research">NASA research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_spinoff_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA spinoff technologies">spinoff technologies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA%2B" title="NASA+">NASA+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Social" title="NASA Social">NASA Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Services Program">Launch Services Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Control_Center" title="Mercury Control Center">Mercury Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_48" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 48">Launch Complex 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Control_Center" title="Launch Control Center">Launch Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_and_Checkout_Building" title="Operations and Checkout Building">Operations and Checkout Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–<i>Mir</i></a> (with <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos State Corporation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESUR" title="MESUR">MESUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_%2798" title="Mars Surveyor '98">Mars Surveyor '98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_Program" title="New Millennium Program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Prometheus" title="Project Prometheus">Project Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor Robotic Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System">Earth Observing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Terrestrial_Probes_program" title="Solar Terrestrial Probes program">Solar Terrestrial Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Innovative_Missions_for_Planetary_Exploration" title="Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration">SIMPLEx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Individual featured<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">missions</a><br />(human and robotic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3">Mercury 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)">Magellan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project"><i>Galileo</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)" title="Aquarius (SAC-D instrument)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens"><i>Cassini</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)"><i>Dawn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">observed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Currently<br />operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><i>Swift</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">THEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_14" title="GOES 14">GOES 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_15" title="GOES 15">GOES 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)"><i>Juno</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="Timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plankton,_Aerosol,_Cloud,_ocean_Ecosystem" title="Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem">PACE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Communications_and_Navigation_Program" title="Space Communications and Navigation Program">Communications<br />and navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Network" title="Near Earth Network">Near Earth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Network" title="Space Network">Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Deep_Space_Communication_Complex" title="Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronauts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_name" title="List of astronauts by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle crews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_aircraft" title="List of NASA aircraft">NASA aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">NASA missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions" title="List of uncrewed NASA missions">uncrewed missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">Apollo missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rockets_of_the_United_States" title="List of rockets of the United States">United States rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cancellations" title="List of NASA cancellations">NASA cancellations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cameras_on_spacecraft" title="List of NASA cameras on spacecraft">NASA cameras on spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA images<br />and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(Voyager)" title="Family Portrait (Voyager)">Family Portrait</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Creation" title="Pillars of Creation">Pillars of Creation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Mountain" title="Mystic Mountain">Mystic Mountain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(MESSENGER)" title="Family Portrait (MESSENGER)"><i>Solar System Family Portrait</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled" title="The Day the Earth Smiled">The Day the Earth Smiled</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deep_fields" title="List of deep fields">Deep fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_plaque" title="Lunar plaque">Lunar plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Apollo 11 goodwill messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_insignia" title="NASA insignia">NASA insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Gemini_and_Apollo_medallions" title="NASA space-flown Gemini and Apollo medallions">Gemini and Apollo medallions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hubble_Space_Telescope_anniversary_images" title="List of Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images">Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Apollo 15 postal covers incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Mirror_Memorial" title="Space Mirror Memorial">Space Mirror Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astronaut_Monument" title="The Astronaut Monument">The Astronaut Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample_displays" title="Lunar sample displays">Lunar sample displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">Moon rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">stolen or missing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Astronaut Hall of Fame">U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps" title="U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps">Space program on U.S. stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_tree" title="Moon tree">Moon tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space#United_States" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Other primates in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_International_Space_Apps_Challenge" title="NASA International Space Apps Challenge">NASA International Space Apps Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronauts_Day" title="Astronauts Day">Astronauts Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Astronaut_Day" title="National Astronaut Day">National Astronaut Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon_NASA_F4" title="Nikon NASA F4">Nikon NASA F4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:NASA" title="Category:NASA"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:NASA" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:NASA"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Space_Agency" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Space_Agency" title="Template:European Space Agency"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Space_Agency" title="Template talk:European Space Agency"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Space_Agency" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Space Agency"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Space_Agency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">Space Centres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esrange" title="Esrange">Esrange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Launch vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_C" title="Vega C">Vega C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Operations_Centre" title="European Space Operations Centre">Space Operations Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_and_Technology_Centre" title="European Space Research and Technology Centre">Space Research and Technology Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Centre_for_Earth_Observation" title="ESA Centre for Earth Observation">ESA Centre for Earth Observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Astronaut_Centre" title="European Astronaut Centre">European Astronaut Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Astronomy_Centre" title="European Space Astronomy Centre">Space Astronomy Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Space_Applications_and_Telecommunications" title="European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications">Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Design_Facility" title="Concurrent Design Facility">Concurrent Design Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Telescope_European_Coordinating_Facility" title="Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility">Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Communications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ESTRACK" title="ESTRACK">ESTRACK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Relay_System" title="European Data Relay System">European Data Relay System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Service_Module" title="European Service Module">ESM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_programme" title="Aurora programme">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Programme" title="Copernicus Programme">Copernicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_(ISS_module)" title="Columbus (ISS module)">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CryoSat" title="CryoSat">CryoSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Geostationary_Navigation_Overlay_Service" title="European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service">EGNOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Programme_for_Life_and_Physical_Sciences_in_Space" title="European Programme for Life and Physical Sciences in Space">ELIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Launchers_Preparatory_Programme" title="Future Launchers Preparatory Programme">FLPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Planet_Programme" title="Living Planet Programme">Living Planet Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Situational_Awareness_Programme" title="Space Situational Awareness Programme">Space Situational Awareness Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency_Science_Programme" title="European Space Agency Science Programme">Science Programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Vision" title="Cosmic Vision">Cosmic Vision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_for_Reusable_In-orbit_Demonstrator_in_Europe" title="Programme for Reusable In-orbit Demonstrator in Europe">PRIDE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Launcher_Development_Organisation" title="European Launcher Development Organisation">European Launcher Development Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organisation" title="European Space Research Organisation">European Space Research Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arianespace" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Television" title="ESA Television">ESA Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EUMETSAT" title="EUMETSAT">EUMETSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Camp" title="European Space Camp">European Space Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Energy_and_Water_Exchanges" title="Global Energy and Water Exchanges">GEWEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Science_Archive" title="Planetary Science Archive">Planetary Science Archive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="Projects_and_missions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Space_Agency_programs_and_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Space Agency programs and missions">Projects and missions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Solar physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISEE-2" title="ISEE-2">ISEE-2</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a> (1990–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> (1995–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_II_(spacecraft)" title="Cluster II (spacecraft)">Cluster II</a> (2000–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> (2020–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ESA_Vigil" title="ESA Vigil">Vigil</a></i> (2031)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Planetary science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giotto_(spacecraft)" title="Giotto (spacecraft)">Giotto</a> (1985–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)" title="Huygens (spacecraft)">Huygens</a> (1997–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a> (2003–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a> (2003–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a>/<a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a> (2004–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a> (2005–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">ExoMars <i>Trace Gas Orbiter</i></a> (2016–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hera (spacecraft)">Hera</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i> rover</a> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a></i> (2029)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EnVision" title="EnVision">EnVision</a></i> (2031)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Astronomy and<br />cosmology</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cos-B" title="Cos-B">Cos-B</a> (1975–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer">IUE</a> (1978–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXOSAT" title="EXOSAT">EXOSAT</a> (1983–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipparcos" title="Hipparcos">Hipparcos</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> (1990–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Retrievable_Carrier" title="European Retrievable Carrier">Eureca</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Space_Observatory" title="Infrared Space Observatory">ISO</a> (1995–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-Newton</a> (1999–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL">INTEGRAL</a> (2002–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a> (2006–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_(spacecraft)" title="Planck (spacecraft)">Planck</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a> (2019–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(spacecraft)" title="Euclid (spacecraft)">Euclid</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a></i> (2026)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a></i> (2029)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ARRAKIHS" title="ARRAKIHS">ARRAKIHS</a></i> (2030s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">Athena</a></i> (2035)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna" title="Laser Interferometer Space Antenna">LISA</a></i> (2035)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Earth observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Programme" title="Copernicus Programme">Copernicus</a> (1988–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteosat#First_generation" title="Meteosat">Meteosat First Generation</a> (1977–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Remote-Sensing_Satellite" title="European Remote-Sensing Satellite">ERS-1</a> (1991–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Remote-Sensing_Satellite" title="European Remote-Sensing Satellite">ERS-2</a> (1995–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteosat#Second_Generation" title="Meteosat">Meteosat Second Generation</a> (2002–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envisat" title="Envisat">Envisat</a> (2002–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Star_(satellite)" title="Double Star (satellite)">Double Star</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetOp" title="MetOp">MetOp</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOCE" title="GOCE">GOCE</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Moisture_and_Ocean_Salinity" title="Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity">SMOS</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CryoSat-2" title="CryoSat-2">CryoSat-2</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarm_(spacecraft)" title="Swarm (spacecraft)">Swarm</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-1" title="Sentinel-1">Sentinel-1</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-1A" title="Sentinel-1A">1A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-1B" title="Sentinel-1B">1B</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2" title="Sentinel-2">Sentinel-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2A" title="Sentinel-2A">2A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2B" title="Sentinel-2B">2B</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2C" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentinel-2C">2C</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-3" title="Sentinel-3">Sentinel-3</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-3A" title="Sentinel-3A">3A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-3B" title="Sentinel-3B">3B</a> (2016–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-5_Precursor" title="Sentinel-5 Precursor">Sentinel-5 Precursor</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADM-Aeolus" title="ADM-Aeolus">ADM-Aeolus</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biomass_(satellite)" title="Biomass (satellite)">Biomass</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EarthCARE" title="EarthCARE">EarthCARE</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meteosat_Third_Generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteosat Third Generation">Meteosat Third Generation</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-4" title="Sentinel-4">Sentinel-4</a></i>) (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ALTIUS" title="ALTIUS">ALTIUS</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FLEX_(satellite)" title="FLEX (satellite)">FLEX</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MetOp-SG-A" class="mw-redirect" title="MetOp-SG-A">MetOp-SG-A</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MetOp-SG-B" class="mw-redirect" title="MetOp-SG-B">MetOp-SG-B</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SMILE_(spacecraft)" title="SMILE (spacecraft)">SMILE</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Far-infrared_Outgoing_Radiation_Understanding_and_Monitoring" title="Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring">FORUM</a></i> (2027)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_contribution_to_the_International_Space_Station" title="European contribution to the International Space Station">ISS contributions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_(ISS_module)" title="Columbus (ISS module)">Columbus</a> (2008–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_Transfer_Vehicle" title="Automated Transfer Vehicle">Automated Transfer Vehicle</a> (2008–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupola_(ISS_module)" title="Cupola (ISS module)">Cupola</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Robotic_Arm" title="European Robotic Arm">European Robotic Arm</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organisation#GEOS" title="European Space Research Organisation">GEOS 2</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus-1" title="Olympus-1">Olympus-1</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_(satellite)" title="Artemis (satellite)">Artemis</a> (2001–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIOVE-A" class="mw-redirect" title="GIOVE-A">GIOVE-A</a> (2005–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIOVE-B" class="mw-redirect" title="GIOVE-B">GIOVE-B</a> (2008–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HYLAS-1" title="HYLAS-1">HYLAS-1</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)#In-Orbit_Validation_(IOV)_satellites" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo IOV</a> (2011–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)#Full_Operational_Capability_(FOC)_satellites" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo FOC</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Geostationary_Navigation_Overlay_Service" title="European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service">EGNOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Relay_System" title="European Data Relay System">European Data Relay System</a> (2016–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Technology<br />demonstrators</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_Reentry_Demonstrator" title="Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator">ARD</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA" title="PROBA">PROBA-1</a> (2001–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Engineers%27_Satellite_2" title="Young Engineers' Satellite 2">YES2</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-2" title="PROBA-2">PROBA-2</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-V" title="PROBA-V">PROBA-V</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_eXperimental_Vehicle" title="Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle">IXV</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPS-SAT" title="OPS-SAT">OPS-SAT</a> (2019–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Cancelled<br />and proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(mission)" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDA (mission)">AIDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5_ME" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane 5 ME">Ariane 5 ME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calathus_Mission" title="Calathus Mission">Calathus Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_Polar_Lander" title="Ceres Polar Lander">Ceres Polar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Man-Tended_Free_Flyer" title="Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer">Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSTS" title="CSTS">CSTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quijote_(spacecraft)" title="Don Quijote (spacecraft)">Don Quijote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.Deorbit" title="E.Deorbit">e.Deorbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EChO" title="EChO">EChO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddington_(spacecraft)" title="Eddington (spacecraft)">Eddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_eXPErimental_Re-entry_Testbed" title="European eXPErimental Re-entry Testbed">EXPERT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(spacecraft)" title="Hermes (spacecraft)">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_(spacecraft)" title="Hopper (spacecraft)">Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOFT" title="LOFT">LOFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_(spacecraft)" title="Marco Polo (spacecraft)">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MarcoPolo-R" class="mw-redirect" title="MarcoPolo-R">MarcoPolo-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars sample return mission">Mars sample return mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODINUS" title="ODINUS">ODINUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phootprint" title="Phootprint">Phootprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLARIS" class="mw-redirect" title="SOLARIS">SOLARIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STE-QUEST" title="STE-QUEST">STE-QUEST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THESEUS_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="THESEUS (satellite)">THESEUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Failed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster (spacecraft)">Cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CryoSat-1" title="CryoSat-1">CryoSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organisation#GEOS" title="European Space Research Organisation">GEOS 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">Schiaparelli EDM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Future missions in <i>italics</i> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Space_Agency" title="Category:European Space Agency">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:European_Space_Agency" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:European Space Agency"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikinews page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/16px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/24px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:European_Space_Agency" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Category:European Space Agency">Wikinews</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Europe/ESA" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Europe/ESA">WikiProject</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canadian_Space_Agency" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Template:Canadian Space Agency"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Template talk:Canadian Space Agency"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian Space Agency"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canadian_Space_Agency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canadian astronauts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hansen" title="Jeremy Hansen">Jeremy Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Saint-Jacques" title="David Saint-Jacques">David Saint-Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenni_Sidey-Gibbons" title="Jenni Sidey-Gibbons">Jenni Sidey-Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Kutryk" title="Joshua Kutryk">Joshua Kutryk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau">Marc Garneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Bondar" title="Roberta Bondar">Roberta Bondar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_MacLean_(astronaut)" title="Steve MacLean (astronaut)">Steven MacLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hadfield" title="Chris Hadfield">Chris Hadfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Thirsk" title="Robert Thirsk">Robert Thirsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjarni_Tryggvason" title="Bjarni Tryggvason">Bjarni Tryggvason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafydd_Williams" title="Dafydd Williams">Dafydd Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Payette" title="Julie Payette">Julie Payette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McKay_(astronaut)" title="Michael McKay (astronaut)">Michael McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Money" title="Ken Money">Ken Money</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alouette_1" title="Alouette 1">Alouette 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alouette_2" title="Alouette 2">Alouette 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anik_(satellite)" title="Anik (satellite)">Anik series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRITE" title="BRITE">BRITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASSIOPE" title="CASSIOPE">CASSIOPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Technology_Satellite" title="Communications Technology Satellite">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_(satellite)" title="ISIS (satellite)">ISIS 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_(satellite)" title="ISIS (satellite)">ISIS 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Monitoring_and_Messaging_Microsatellite" title="Maritime Monitoring and Messaging Microsatellite">M3MSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOST_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOST (satellite)">MOST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSAT" title="MSAT">MSAT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Object_Surveillance_Satellite" title="Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite">NEOSSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimiq" title="Nimiq">Nimiq series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radarsat-1" title="Radarsat-1">RADARSAT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radarsat-2" title="Radarsat-2">RADARSAT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RADARSAT_Constellation" title="RADARSAT Constellation">RADARSAT Constellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCISAT-1" title="SCISAT-1">SCISAT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_(satellite)" title="Sapphire (satellite)">Sapphire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other space technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Brant_(rocket)" title="Black Brant (rocket)">Black Brant rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadarm" title="Canadarm">Canadarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Servicing_System" title="Mobile Servicing System">Canadarm2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextre" title="Dextre">Dextre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_Guidance_Sensor_and_Near_Infrared_Imager_and_Slitless_Spectrograph" title="Fine Guidance Sensor and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph">FGS/NIRISS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOPITT" title="MOPITT">MOPITT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin-OSIRIS" title="Odin-OSIRIS">OSIRIS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Chapman_Space_Centre" title="John H. Chapman Space Centre">John H. Chapman Space Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Florida_Laboratory" title="David Florida Laboratory">David Florida Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_Place_Research_Park" title="Innovation Place Research Park">Saskatoon CSA Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contractors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COM_DEV_International" class="mw-redirect" title="COM DEV International">COM DEV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDonald,_Dettwiler_and_Associates" class="mw-redirect" title="MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates">MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates</a> (<a href="/wiki/MDA_Space_Missions" class="mw-redirect" title="MDA Space Missions">MDA Space Missions</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spar_Aerospace" title="Spar Aerospace">Spar Aerospace</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellan_Aerospace" title="Magellan Aerospace">Magellan Aerospace</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bristol_Aerospace" title="Bristol Aerospace">Bristol Aerospace</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesat" title="Telesat">Telesat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Geospace_Monitoring" title="Canadian Geospace Monitoring">Canadian Geospace Monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Research_Centre_Canada" title="Communications Research Centre Canada">Communications Research Centre Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Canada" title="Defence Research and Development Canada">Defence Research and Development Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council (Canada)">National Research Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">ISRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_National_Space_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish National Space Board">SNSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Satellite_TV" title="Bell Satellite TV">Bell Satellite TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Rocket_Research_Range" title="Churchill Rocket Research Range">Churchill Rocket Research Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Direct" title="Shaw Direct">Shaw Direct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_space_program" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_space_program" title="Template:Japanese space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_space_program" title="Template talk:Japanese space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_space_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_space_program" title="Japanese space program">Japanese space program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicates projects in development.</li> <li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates failed projects.</li> <li><s>Strikethrough lines</s> indicate cancelled projects.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Space_agencies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Space agencies">Space agencies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National space agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a> <ul><li>former <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">ISAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aerospace_Laboratory_of_Japan" title="National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan">NAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Development_Agency_of_Japan" title="National Space Development Agency of Japan">NASDA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Information_and_Communications_Technology" title="National Institute of Information and Communications Technology">NICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Space_Systems" title="Japan Space Systems">JSS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint development partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/30px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/45px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/60px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy <a href="/wiki/Italian_Space_Agency" title="Italian Space Agency">ASI</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">CSA</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Russia <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/15px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span>Brazil <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Space_Agency" title="Brazilian Space Agency">AEB</a><sup><small>6</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Space_Research" title="National Institute for Space Research">INPE</a><sup><small>7</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/15px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>India <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">ISRO</a><sup><small>8</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Astronomical_observation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_observation" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical observation">Astronomical observation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akari_(satellite)" title="Akari (satellite)">Akari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics">ASCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTRO-E" class="mw-redirect" title="ASTRO-E">ASTRO-E</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Astro-G" title="Astro-G">Astro-G</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Radiation_Satellite" title="Cosmic Radiation Satellite">CORSA</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite)">Ginga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HALCA" title="HALCA">HALCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenma" title="Tenma">Tenma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yohkoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisaki_(satellite)" title="Hisaki (satellite)">Hisaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission">XRISM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">ATHENA</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR-C" title="SOLAR-C">SOLAR-C</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GREX-PLUS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GREX-PLUS (page does not exist)">GREX-PLUS</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GREX-PLUS" class="extiw" title="ja:GREX-PLUS">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HiZ-GUNDAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HiZ-GUNDAM (page does not exist)">HiZ-GUNDAM</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HiZ-GUNDAM" class="extiw" title="ja:HiZ-GUNDAM">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LAPYUTA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LAPYUTA (page does not exist)">LAPYUTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nano-JASMINE" title="Nano-JASMINE">JASMINE</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Communications_satellites,_broadcasting_satellites_and_satellite_navigation_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Satellite_(Japanese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting Satellite (Japanese)">broadcasting satellites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">satellite navigation</a> systems</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>BS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BS-2X" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2X">2X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3H" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3H">3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3N" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3N">3N</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=COMETS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="COMETS (page does not exist)">Kakehashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OICETS" title="OICETS">Kirari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINDS" title="WINDS">Kizuna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodama_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodama (satellite) (page does not exist)">Kodama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MBSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MBSat (page does not exist)">MBSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR" class="mw-redirect" title="N-STAR">N-STAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_a" title="N-STAR a">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_b" title="N-STAR b">b</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sakura (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakura_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakura (satellite) (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-2a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-2a (page does not exist)">2a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-2b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-2b (page does not exist)">2b</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-3a (page does not exist)">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-3b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-3b (page does not exist)">3b</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(satellite)" title="Yuri (satellite)">Yuri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(satellite)" title="Yuri (satellite)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-2a" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2a">2a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-2b" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2b">2b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3a" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3a">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3b" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3b">3b</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSN_Corporation" title="DSN Corporation">Kirameki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superbird-B3" title="Superbird-B3">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSN-2" title="DSN-2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System" title="Quasi-Zenith Satellite System">Michibiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QZS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="QZS-1">1</a></li> <li>2</li> <li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QZS-1R" title="QZS-1R">1R</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-Functional_Transport_Satellite" title="Multi-Functional Transport Satellite">MTSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR" class="mw-redirect" title="N-STAR">N-STAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_c" title="N-STAR c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCSAT-5A" title="JCSAT-5A">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JDRS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JDRS (page does not exist)">JDRS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSN_Corporation" title="DSN Corporation">DSN</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DSN-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DSN-3 (page does not exist)">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System" title="Quasi-Zenith Satellite System">QZS</a> <ul><li>5</li> <li>6</li> <li>7</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Earth_observation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth_observation" title="Earth observation">Earth observation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akebono_(satellite)" title="Akebono (satellite)">Akebono</a></li> <li>Daichi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Land_Observing_Satellite" title="Advanced Land Observing Satellite">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-3" title="ALOS-3">3</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpa_(satellite)" title="Denpa (satellite)">Denpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JERS-1" title="JERS-1">Fuyo-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jikiken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jikiken (page does not exist)">Jikiken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyokko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyokko (page does not exist)">Kyokko</a></li> <li>Midori <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADEOS_I" title="ADEOS I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADEOS_II" title="ADEOS II">II</a></li></ul></li> <li>Momo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MOS-1_(satellite)" title="MOS-1 (satellite)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOS-1b_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MOS-1b (satellite) (page does not exist)">1b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohozora_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ohozora (satellite) (page does not exist)">Ohozora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRATS" class="mw-redirect" title="SRATS">Taiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Rainfall_Measuring_Mission" title="Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission">TRMM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Ume <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionosphere_Sounding_Satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionosphere Sounding Satellite (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISS-b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISS-b (page does not exist)">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_(satellite)" title="Aqua (satellite)">Aqua</a><sup><small>1,7</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arase_(satellite)" title="Arase (satellite)">Arase</a></li> <li>ASNARO <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li> <li>Daichi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-2" title="ALOS-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-4" title="ALOS-4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EarthCARE" title="EarthCARE">EarthCARE</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Precipitation_Measurement" title="Global Precipitation Measurement">GPM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himawari_(satellites)" title="Himawari (satellites)">Himawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite">Ibuki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite-2" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite-2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCOM-C" class="mw-redirect" title="GCOM-C">Shikisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCOM-W" class="mw-redirect" title="GCOM-W">Shizuku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GOSAT-GW" class="mw-redirect" title="GOSAT-GW">GOSAT-GW</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precipitation_Measuring_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precipitation Measuring Mission (page does not exist)">PMM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Engineering_tests" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Engineering tests</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ayame <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Experimental_Communications_Satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Experimental Communications Satellite (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ECS-b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECS-b (page does not exist)">2</a></li></ul></li> <li>DASH</li> <li>EXPRESS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS">IKAROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MABES" title="MABES">Jindai</a></li> <li>Kiku <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-I (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-II (page does not exist)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-III (page does not exist)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-IV (page does not exist)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-V (page does not exist)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-VI (page does not exist)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS-VII" title="ETS-VII">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS-VIII" title="ETS-VIII">8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LDREX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LDREX (page does not exist)">LDREX</a> <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li> <li>LRE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micro_LabSat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micro LabSat-1 (page does not exist)">Micro LabSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_Evaluation_Payload&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vehicle Evaluation Payload (page does not exist)">Myojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohsumi_(satellite)" title="Ohsumi (satellite)">Ohsumi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEBUT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DEBUT (page does not exist)">Orizuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovative_Satellite_Technology_Demonstration_Program" title="Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program">RAISE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAISE-2" title="RAISE-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAISE-3" title="RAISE-3">3</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><s><a href="/w/index.php?title=PETSAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PETSAT (page does not exist)">PETSAT</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAPIS-1" title="RAPIS-1">RAPIS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OREX" title="OREX">Ryusei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-1" title="SERVIS-1">SERVIS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-2" title="SERVIS-2">SERVIS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDS-1" title="SDS-1">SDS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit" title="Space Flyer Unit">SFU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-F2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-F2 (page does not exist)">Shinsei</a></li> <li><s><a href="/w/index.php?title=SmartSat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SmartSat-1 (page does not exist)">SmartSat-1</a></s></li> <li>Tansei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tansei" title="Tansei">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T2 (page does not exist)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T3 (page does not exist)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T4 (page does not exist)">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRICOM-1R" title="TRICOM-1R">Tasuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Low_Altitude_Test_Satellite" title="Super Low Altitude Test Satellite">Tsubame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDS-1" title="MDS-1">Tsubasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_Space_Experiment_Recovery_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unmanned Space Experiment Recovery System (page does not exist)">USERS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajisai" title="Ajisai">Ajisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reimei" title="Reimei">Reimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDS-4" title="SDS-4">SDS-4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BEAK_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BEAK (satellite) (page does not exist)">BEAK</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-IX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-IX (page does not exist)">ETS-IX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G-SATELLITE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G-SATELLITE (page does not exist)">G-SATELLITE</a></li> <li>SERVIS-3</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Human_spaceflight" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/Fuji_(spacecraft)" title="Fuji (spacecraft)">Fuji crewed spacecraft</a></s></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/HOPE-X" title="HOPE-X">HOPE-X</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-II_Transfer_Vehicle" title="H-II Transfer Vehicle">H-II Transfer Vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station (ISS)</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kib%C5%8D_(ISS_module)" title="Kibō (ISS module)">Japanese Experiment Module (Kibō)</a><sup><small>1,2,3,4,5,6</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTV-X" title="HTV-X">HTV-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Space_Station_Module_(Mitsui)" title="Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)">Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a><sup><small>1,2,4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Space_probes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_probes" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probes">Space probes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">The Moon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">Kaguya (SELENE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></s></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EQUULEUS" title="EQUULEUS">EQUULEUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">Smart Lander for Investigating Moon</a> (SLIM)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R Mission 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HERACLES_(spacecraft)" title="HERACLES (spacecraft)">HERACLES</a><sup><small>2,4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Cruiser" title="Lunar Cruiser">Lunar Cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Lunar Polar Exploration Mission</a><sup><small>8</small></sup> (LUPEX)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaoki" title="Yaoki">Yaoki</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_Mk2" title="Hayabusa Mk2">Hayabusa Mk2</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakigake" title="Sakigake">Sakigake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin%27en_(spacecraft)" title="Shin'en (spacecraft)">Shin'en</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisei_(spacecraft)" title="Suisei (spacecraft)">Suisei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)">Akatsuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo (MMO/Mio)</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)">Hera</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY+</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MELOS" title="MELOS">MELOS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_eXploration" title="Martian Moons eXploration">Martian Moons eXploration</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Next_Generation_Small-Body_Sample_Return&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return (page does not exist)">Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tera-hertz_Explorer" title="Tera-hertz Explorer">TEREX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reconnaissance_satellites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Reconnaissance satellites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_Gathering_Satellite" title="Information Gathering Satellite">IGS</a>-Optical <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li> <li>Experimentally 3</li></ul></li> <li>IGS-Radar <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>IGS-Optical <ul><li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li>5</li> <li>6</li> <li>Experimentally 5</li></ul></li> <li>IGS-Radar <ul><li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li>Spare</li> <li>5</li> <li>6</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>IGS-Optical</i> <ul><li><i>7</i></li> <li><i>8</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>IGS-Radar</i> <ul><li><i>7</i></li> <li>8</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Private_small_satellites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Private <a href="/wiki/Small_satellite" title="Small satellite">small satellites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OPUSAT" title="OPUSAT">CosMoz</a></li> <li>CUTE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CUTE-1.7" class="mw-redirect" title="CUTE-1.7">1.7+APD</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fuji <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 12 (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 20 (page does not exist)">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayato_(satellite)" title="Hayato (satellite)">Hayato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIBARI_(satellite)" title="HIBARI (satellite)">HIBARI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HITSat-OSCAR_59&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HITSat-OSCAR 59 (page does not exist)">HIT-SAT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SORUNSAT-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SORUNSAT-1 (page does not exist)">Kagayaki</a></li> <li>Kanta-kun (WEOS)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=STARS_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STARS (satellite) (page does not exist)">Kūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohla" title="Sohla">Maido-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negai_(satellite)" title="Negai (satellite)">Negai☆″</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niwaka" title="Niwaka">Niwaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAIKO_(satellite)" title="RAIKO (satellite)">RAIKO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waseda-SAT2" title="Waseda-SAT2">Waseda-SAT2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WE_WISH" title="WE WISH">WE WISH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CUTE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CUTE-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CUTE-I (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUTE-1.7_%2B_APD" title="CUTE-1.7 + APD">1.7+APDII</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 29 (page does not exist)">Fuji-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PRISM_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRISM (satellite) (page does not exist)">Hitomi</a></li> <li>Hodoyoshi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_1" title="Hodoyoshi 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISESAT" class="mw-redirect" title="RISESAT">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_3" title="Hodoyoshi 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_4" title="Hodoyoshi 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li>Horyu <ul><li>2</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KKS-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KKS-1 (page does not exist)">Kiseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROITERES" title="PROITERES">PROITERES</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SPRITE-SAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPRITE-SAT (page does not exist)">Raijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raijin-2" title="Raijin-2">Raijin-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEEDS_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEEDS (satellite) (page does not exist)">SEEDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOCRATES_(satellite)" title="SOCRATES (satellite)">SOCRATES</a></li> <li>XI <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XI-IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XI-IV (page does not exist)">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XI-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XI-V (page does not exist)">V</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DRUMS" title="DRUMS">DRUMS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/KITSUNE" title="KITSUNE">KITSUNE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OPUSAT-II" title="OPUSAT-II">OPUSAT-II</a></i></li> <li><i>QSAT-EOS</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RSP-01" title="RSP-01">RSP-01</a></i></li> <li><i>SOMESAT</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SpaceTuna1" title="SpaceTuna1">SpaceTuna1</a></i></li> <li><i>SPROUT</i></li> <li><i>TSUBAME</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wisseed_Sat" title="Wisseed Sat">Wisseed Sat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=WNI_satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WNI satellite (page does not exist)">WNI satellite</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&oldid=1240036314">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US_Orbital_Segment&oldid=1240036314</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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