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FinFETs</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: trapezoidal FinFETs"> <meta name="keywords" content="trapezoidal FinFETs"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="trapezoidal FinFETs"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 64</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: trapezoidal FinFETs</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Impact of Fin Cross Section Shape on Potential Distribution of Nanoscale Trapezoidal FinFETs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Nassim%20Moulai%20Khatir">Ahmed Nassim Moulai Khatir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fin field effect transistors (FinFETs) deliver superior levels of scalability than the classical structure of MOSFETs by offering the elimination of short channel effects. Modern FinFETs are 3D structures that rise above the planar substrate, but some of these structures have inclined surfaces, which results in trapezoidal cross sections instead of rectangular sections usually used. Fin cross section shape of FinFETs results in some device issues, like potential distribution performance. This work analyzes that impact with three-dimensional numeric simulation of several triple-gate FinFETs with various top and bottom widths of fin. Results of the simulation show that the potential distribution and the electrical field in the fin depend on the sidewall inclination angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FinFET" title="FinFET">FinFET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20section%20shape" title=" cross section shape"> cross section shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SILVACO" title=" SILVACO"> SILVACO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20FinFETs" title=" trapezoidal FinFETs"> trapezoidal FinFETs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186029/impact-of-fin-cross-section-shape-on-potential-distribution-of-nanoscale-trapezoidal-finfets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Leakage Current Analysis of FinFET Based 7T SRAM at 32nm Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chhavi%20Saxena">Chhavi Saxena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> FinFETs can be a replacement for bulk-CMOS transistors in many different designs. Its low leakage/standby power property makes FinFETs a desirable option for memory sub-systems. Memory modules are widely used in most digital and computer systems. Leakage power is very important in memory cells since most memory applications access only one or very few memory rows at a given time. As technology scales down, the importance of leakage current and power analysis for memory design is increasing. In this paper, we discover an option for low power interconnect synthesis at the 32nm node and beyond, using Fin-type Field-Effect Transistors (FinFETs) which are a promising substitute for bulk CMOS at the considered gate lengths. We consider a mechanism for improving FinFETs efficiency, called variable supply voltage schemes. In this paper, we’ve illustrated the design and implementation of FinFET based 4x4 SRAM cell array by means of one bit 7T SRAM. FinFET based 7T SRAM has been designed and analysis have been carried out for leakage current, dynamic power and delay. For the validation of our design approach, the output of FinFET SRAM array have been compared with standard CMOS SRAM and significant improvements are obtained in proposed model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FinFET" title="FinFET">FinFET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=7T%20SRAM%20cell" title=" 7T SRAM cell"> 7T SRAM cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage%20current" title=" leakage current"> leakage current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delay" title=" delay "> delay </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16196/leakage-current-analysis-of-finfet-based-7t-sram-at-32nm-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Predicting Trapezoidal Weir Discharge Coefficient Using Evolutionary Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Roushanger">K. Roushanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Soleymanzadeh"> A. Soleymanzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Weirs are structures often used in irrigation techniques, sewer networks and flood protection. However, the hydraulic behavior of this type of weir is complex and difficult to predict accurately. An accurate flow prediction over a weir mainly depends on the proper estimation of discharge coefficient. In this study, the Genetic Expression Programming (GEP) approach was used for predicting trapezoidal and rectangular sharp-crested side weirs discharge coefficient. Three different performance indexes are used as comparing criteria for the evaluation of the model’s performances. The obtained results approved capability of GEP in prediction of trapezoidal and rectangular side weirs discharge coefficient. The results also revealed the influence of downstream Froude number for trapezoidal weir and upstream Froude number for rectangular weir in prediction of the discharge coefficient for both of side weirs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discharge%20coefficient" title="discharge coefficient">discharge coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20expression%20programming" title=" genetic expression programming"> genetic expression programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20weir" title=" trapezoidal weir"> trapezoidal weir</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61052/predicting-trapezoidal-weir-discharge-coefficient-using-evolutionary-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Bearing Capacity of Sheet Hanger Connection to the Trapezoidal Metal Sheet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kate%C5%99ina%20Jurdov%C3%A1">Kateřina Jurdová</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hanging to the trapezoidal sheet by decking hanger is a very widespread solution used in civil engineering to lead the distribution of energy, sanitary, air distribution system etc. under the roof or floor structure. The trapezoidal decking hanger is usually a part of the whole installation system for specific distribution medium. The leading companies offer installation systems for each specific distribution e.g. pipe rings, sprinkler systems, installation channels etc. Every specific part is connected to the base connector which is decking hanger. The own connection has three main components: decking hanger, threaded bar with nuts and web of trapezoidal sheet. The aim of this contribution is determinate the failure mechanism of each component in connection. Load bearing capacity of most components in connection could be calculated by formulas in European codes. This contribution is focused on problematic of bearing resistance of threaded bar in web of trapezoidal sheet. This issue is studied by experimental research and numerical modelling. This contribution presented the initial results of experiment which is compared with numerical model of specimen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decking%20hanger" title="decking hanger">decking hanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentrated%20load" title=" concentrated load"> concentrated load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connection" title=" connection"> connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20bearing%20capacity" title=" load bearing capacity"> load bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20metal%20sheet" title=" trapezoidal metal sheet"> trapezoidal metal sheet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11314/bearing-capacity-of-sheet-hanger-connection-to-the-trapezoidal-metal-sheet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> The Pressure Distribution on the Rectangular and Trapezoidal Storage Tanks' Perimeters Due to Liquid Sloshing Impact</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Saghi">Hassan Saghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gholam%20Reza%20Askarzadeh%20Garmroud"> Gholam Reza Askarzadeh Garmroud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Ali%20Reza%20Emamian"> Seyyed Ali Reza Emamian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sloshing phenomenon is a complicated free surface flow problem that increases the dynamic pressure on the sidewalls and the bottom of the storage tanks. When the storage tanks are partially filled, it is essential to be able to evaluate the fluid dynamic loads on the tank’s perimeter. In this paper, a numerical code was developed to determine the pressure distribution on the rectangular and trapezoidal storage tanks’ perimeters due to liquid sloshing impact. Assuming the fluid to be inviscid, the Laplace equation and the nonlinear free surface boundary conditions are solved using coupled BEM-FEM. The code performance for sloshing modeling is validated against available data. Finally, this code is used for partially filled rectangular and trapezoidal storage tanks and the pressure distribution on the tanks’ perimeters due to liquid sloshing impact is estimated. The results show that the maximum pressure on the perimeter of the rectangular and trapezoidal storage tanks was decreased along the sidewalls from the top to the bottom. Furthermore, the period of the pressure distribution is different for different points on the tank’s perimeter and it is bigger in the trapezoidal tanks compared to the rectangular ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20distribution" title="pressure distribution">pressure distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20sloshing%20impact" title=" liquid sloshing impact"> liquid sloshing impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sway%20motion" title=" sway motion"> sway motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20storage%20tank" title=" trapezoidal storage tank"> trapezoidal storage tank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled%20BEM-FEM" title=" coupled BEM-FEM"> coupled BEM-FEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20717/the-pressure-distribution-on-the-rectangular-and-trapezoidal-storage-tanks-perimeters-due-to-liquid-sloshing-impact" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> A Trapezoidal-Like Integrator for the Numerical Solution of One-Dimensional Time Dependent Schrödinger Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johnson%20Oladele%20Fatokun">Johnson Oladele Fatokun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20P.%20Akpan"> I. P. Akpan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the one-dimensional time dependent Schrödinger equation is discretized by the method of lines using a second order finite difference approximation to replace the second order spatial derivative. The evolving system of stiff ordinary differential equation (ODE) in time is solved numerically by an L-stable trapezoidal-like integrator. Results show accuracy of relative maximum error of order 10-4 in the interval of consideration. The performance of the method as compared to an existing scheme is considered favorable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schrodinger%E2%80%99s%20equation" title="Schrodinger’s equation">Schrodinger’s equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20differential%20equations" title=" partial differential equations"> partial differential equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method%20of%20lines%20%28MOL%29" title=" method of lines (MOL)"> method of lines (MOL)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiff%20ODE" title=" stiff ODE"> stiff ODE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal-like%20integrator" title=" trapezoidal-like integrator "> trapezoidal-like integrator </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11665/a-trapezoidal-like-integrator-for-the-numerical-solution-of-one-dimensional-time-dependent-schrodinger-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> General Formula for Water Surface Profile over Side Weir in the Combined, Trapezoidal and Exponential, Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Abdulrahman">Abdulrahman Abdulrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A side weir is a hydraulic structure set into the side of a channel. This structure is used for water level control in channels, to divert flow from a main channel into a side channel when the water level in the main channel exceeds a specific limit and as storm overflows from urban sewerage system. Computation of water surface over the side weirs is essential to determine the flow rate of the side weir. Analytical solutions for water surface profile along rectangular side weir are available only for the special cases of rectangular and trapezoidal channels considering constant specific energy. In this paper, a rectangular side weir located in a combined (trapezoidal with exponential) channel was considered. Expanding binominal series of integer and fraction powers and the using of reduction formula of cosine function integrals, a general analytical formula was obtained for water surface profile along a side weir in a combined (trapezoidal with exponential) channel. Since triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal and parabolic cross-sections are special cases of the combined cross section, the derived formula, is applicable to triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal cross-sections as analytical solution and semi-analytical solution to parabolic cross-section with maximum relative error smaller than 0.76%. The proposed solution should be a useful engineering tool for the evaluation and design of side weirs in open channel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20solution" title="analytical solution">analytical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20channel" title=" combined channel"> combined channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponential%20channel" title=" exponential channel"> exponential channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20weirs" title=" side weirs"> side weirs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20channel" title=" trapezoidal channel"> trapezoidal channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20surface%20profile" title=" water surface profile"> water surface profile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59960/general-formula-for-water-surface-profile-over-side-weir-in-the-combined-trapezoidal-and-exponential-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> A New Aggregation Operator for Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers Based On the Geometric Means of the Left and Right Line Slopes </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manju%20Pandey">Manju Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilay%20Khare"> Nilay Khare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20C.%20Shrivastava"> S. C. Shrivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is the final in a series, which has defined two new classes of aggregation operators for triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers based on the geometrical characteristics of their fuzzy membership functions. In the present paper, a new aggregation operator for trapezoidal fuzzy numbers has been defined. The new operator is based on the geometric mean of the membership lines to the left and right of the maximum possibility interval. The operator is defined and the analytical relationships have been derived. Computation of the aggregate is demonstrated with a numerical example. Corresponding arithmetic and geometric aggregates as well as results from the recent work of the authors on TrFN aggregates have also been computed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LR%20fuzzy%20number" title="LR fuzzy number">LR fuzzy number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interval%20fuzzy%20number" title=" interval fuzzy number"> interval fuzzy number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triangular%20fuzzy%20number" title=" triangular fuzzy number"> triangular fuzzy number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20fuzzy%20number" title=" trapezoidal fuzzy number"> trapezoidal fuzzy number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apex%20angle" title=" apex angle"> apex angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=left%20apex%20angle" title=" left apex angle"> left apex angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20apex%20angle" title=" right apex angle"> right apex angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregation%20operator" title=" aggregation operator"> aggregation operator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arithmetic%20and%20geometric%20mean" title=" arithmetic and geometric mean"> arithmetic and geometric mean</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18890/a-new-aggregation-operator-for-trapezoidal-fuzzy-numbers-based-on-the-geometric-means-of-the-left-and-right-line-slopes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Numerical Optimization of Trapezoidal Microchannel Heat Sinks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yue-Tzu%20Yang">Yue-Tzu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Ching%20Liao"> Shu-Ching Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents the numerical simulation of three-dimensional incompressible steady and laminar fluid flow and conjugate heat transfer of a trapezoidal microchannel heat sink using water as a cooling fluid in a silicon substrate. Navier-Stokes equations with conjugate energy equation are discretized by finite-volume method. We perform numerical computations for a range of 50 ≦ Re ≦ 600, 0.05W ≦ P ≦ 0.8W, 20W/cm2 ≦ ≦ 40W/cm2. The present study demonstrates the numerical optimization of a trapezoidal microchannel heat sink design using the response surface methodology (RSM) and the genetic algorithm method (GA). The results show that the average Nusselt number increases with an increase in the Reynolds number or pumping power, and the thermal resistance decreases as the pumping power increases. The thermal resistance of a trapezoidal microchannel is minimized for a constant heat flux and constant pumping power. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microchannel%20heat%20sinks" title="microchannel heat sinks">microchannel heat sinks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20heat%20transfer" title=" conjugate heat transfer"> conjugate heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm%20method" title=" genetic algorithm method"> genetic algorithm method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7509/numerical-optimization-of-trapezoidal-microchannel-heat-sinks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Estimation of Coefficient of Discharge of Side Trapezoidal Labyrinth Weir Using Group Method of Data Handling Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Ansari">M. A. Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hussain"> A. Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Uddin"> A. Uddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A side weir is a flow diversion structure provided in the side wall of a channel to divert water from the main channel to a branch channel. The trapezoidal labyrinth weir is a special type of weir in which crest length of the weir is increased to pass higher discharge. Experimental and numerical studies related to the coefficient of discharge of trapezoidal labyrinth weir in an open channel have been presented in the present study. Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) with the transfer function of quadratic polynomial has been used to predict the coefficient of discharge for the side trapezoidal labyrinth weir. A new model is developed for coefficient of discharge of labyrinth weir by regression method. Generalized models for predicting the coefficient of discharge for labyrinth weir using Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) network have also been developed. The prediction based on GMDH model is more satisfactory than those given by traditional regression equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discharge%20coefficient" title="discharge coefficient">discharge coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20method%20of%20data%20handling" title=" group method of data handling"> group method of data handling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20channel" title=" open channel"> open channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20labyrinth%20weir" title=" side labyrinth weir"> side labyrinth weir</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115809/estimation-of-coefficient-of-discharge-of-side-trapezoidal-labyrinth-weir-using-group-method-of-data-handling-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Development of Extended Trapezoidal Method for Numerical Solution of Volterra Integro-Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuziyah%20Ishak">Fuziyah Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Norazura%20Ahmad"> Siti Norazura Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Volterra integro-differential equations appear in many models for real life phenomena. Since analytical solutions for this type of differential equations are hard and at times impossible to attain, engineers and scientists resort to numerical solutions that can be made as accurately as possible. Conventionally, numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are adapted to solve Volterra integro-differential equations. In this paper, numerical solution for solving Volterra integro-differential equation using extended trapezoidal method is described. Formulae for the integral and differential parts of the equation are presented. Numerical results show that the extended method is suitable for solving first order Volterra integro-differential equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title="accuracy">accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extended%20trapezoidal%20method" title=" extended trapezoidal method"> extended trapezoidal method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20solution" title=" numerical solution"> numerical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Volterra%20integro-differential%20equations" title=" Volterra integro-differential equations"> Volterra integro-differential equations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52856/development-of-extended-trapezoidal-method-for-numerical-solution-of-volterra-integro-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Numerical Investigation of Flow Behaviour Across a Trapezoidal Bluff Body at Low Reynolds Number</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaaraoui%20Abdelkader">Zaaraoui Abdelkader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerfah%20Rabeh"> Kerfah Rabeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noura%20Belkheir"> Noura Belkheir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matene%20Elhacene"> Matene Elhacene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The trapezoidal bluff body is a typical configuration of vortex shedding bodies. The aim of this work is to study flow behaviour over a trapezoidal cylinder at low Reynolds number. The geometry was constructed from a prototype device for measuring the volumetric flow-rate by counting vortices. Simulations were run for this geometry under steady and unsteady flow conditions using finite volume discretization. Laminar flow was investigated in this model with rigid walls and homogeneous incompressible Newtonian fluid. Calculations were performed for Reynolds number range 5 ≤ Re ≤ 180 and several flow parameters were documented. The present computations are in good agreement with the experimental observations and the numerical calculations by several investigators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bluff%20body" title="bluff body">bluff body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confined%20flow" title=" confined flow"> confined flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20calculations" title=" numerical calculations"> numerical calculations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steady%20and%20unsteady%20flow" title=" steady and unsteady flow"> steady and unsteady flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20shedding%20flow%20meter" title=" vortex shedding flow meter"> vortex shedding flow meter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54144/numerical-investigation-of-flow-behaviour-across-a-trapezoidal-bluff-body-at-low-reynolds-number" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Analysis of Brushless DC Motor with Trapezoidal Back EMF Using Matlab</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taha%20Ahmed%20Husain">Taha Ahmed Husain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dynamic characteristics such as speed and torque as well as voltages and currents of pwm brushless DC motor inverter are analyzed with a MATLAB model. The contribution of external load torque and friction torque is monitored. The switching function technique is adopted for the current control of the embedded three phase inverter that drives the brushless DC motor.In switching functions the power conversions circuits can be modeled according to their functions rather than circuit topologies. Therefore, it can achieve simplification of the overall power conversion functions. The trapezoidal type (back emf) is used in the model as ithas lower switching loss compared with sinusoidal type (back emf). Results show reliable time analysis for speed, torque, phase and line voltages and currents and the effect of current commutation is clearly observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLDC%20motor" title="BLDC motor">BLDC motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brushless%20dc%20motors" title=" brushless dc motors"> brushless dc motors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pwm%20inverter" title=" pwm inverter"> pwm inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20motor%20control" title=" DC motor control"> DC motor control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20back%20emf" title=" trapezoidal back emf"> trapezoidal back emf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ripple%20torque%20in%20brushless%20DC%20motor" title=" ripple torque in brushless DC motor"> ripple torque in brushless DC motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22803/analysis-of-brushless-dc-motor-with-trapezoidal-back-emf-using-matlab" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">598</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Three-Dimensional Unsteady Natural Convection and Entropy Generation in an Inclined Cubical Trapezoidal Cavity Subjected to Uniformly Heated Bottom Wall</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farshid%20Fathinia">Farshid Fathinia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical computation of unsteady laminar three-dimensional natural convection and entropy generation in an inclined cubical trapezoidal air-filled cavity is performed for the first time in this work. The vertical right and left sidewalls of the cavity are maintained at constant cold temperatures. The lower wall is subjected to a constant hot temperature, while the upper one is considered insulated. Computations are performed for Rayleigh numbers varied as 103 ≤ Ra ≤ 105, while the trapezoidal cavity inclination angle is varied as 0° ≤ ϕ ≤ 180°. Prandtl number is considered constant at Pr = 0.71. The second law of thermodynamics is applied to obtain thermodynamic losses inside the cavity due to both heat transfer and fluid friction irreversibilities. The variation of local and average Nusselt numbers are presented and discussed.While, streamlines, isotherms and entropy contours are presented in both two and three-dimensional pattern. The results show that when the Rayleigh number increases, the flow patterns are changed especially in three-dimensional results and the flow circulation increases. Also, the inclination angle effect on the total entropy generation becomes insignificant when the Rayleigh number is low.Moreover, when the Rayleigh number increases the average Nusselt number increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20natural%20convection" title="transient natural convection">transient natural convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20cavity" title=" trapezoidal cavity"> trapezoidal cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20flow" title=" three-dimensional flow"> three-dimensional flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy%20generation" title=" entropy generation"> entropy generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20law" title=" second law "> second law </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24831/three-dimensional-unsteady-natural-convection-and-entropy-generation-in-an-inclined-cubical-trapezoidal-cavity-subjected-to-uniformly-heated-bottom-wall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Natural Convective Nanofluid Flow within a Trapezoidal Enclosure Using Meshfree Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nandal">S. Nandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Bhargava"> R. Bhargava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper contains a numerical study of the unsteady magneto-hydrodynamic natural convection flow of nanofluids within a symmetrical wavy walled trapezoidal enclosure. The length and height of enclosure are both considered equal to L. Two-phase nanofluid model is employed. The governing equations of nanofluid flow along with boundary conditions are non-dimensionalized and are solved using one of Meshfree technique (EFGM method). Meshfree numerical technique does not require a predefined mesh for discretization purpose. The bottom wavy wall of the enclosure is defined using a cosine function. Element free Galerkin method (EFGM) does not require the domain. The effects of various parameters namely time t, amplitude of bottom wavy wall a, Brownian motion parameter Nb and thermophoresis parameter Nt is examined on rate of heat and mass transfer to get a visualization of cooling and heating effects. Such problems have important applications in heat exchangers or solar collectors, as wavy walled enclosures enhance heat transfer in comparison to flat walled enclosures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meshfree%20methods" title=" meshfree methods"> meshfree methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title=" nanofluid"> nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20enclosure" title=" trapezoidal enclosure"> trapezoidal enclosure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63284/numerical-simulation-of-unsteady-natural-convective-nanofluid-flow-within-a-trapezoidal-enclosure-using-meshfree-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Numerical Simulation of Sloshing Control Using Input Shaping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongjoo%20Kim">Dongjoo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective control of sloshing in a liquid container is an important issue to be resolved in many applications. In this study, numerical simulations are performed to design the velocity profile of rectangular container and investigate the effectiveness of input shaping for sloshing control. Trapezoidal profiles of container velocity are chosen to be reference commands and they are convolved with a series of impulses to generate shaped ones that induce minimal residual oscillations. The performances of several input shapers are compared from the viewpoint of transient peak and residual oscillations of sloshing. Results show that sloshing can be effectively controlled by input shaping (Supported by the NRF programs, NRF-2015R1D1A1A01059675, of Korean government). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20shaping" title="input shaping">input shaping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20container" title=" rectangular container"> rectangular container</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sloshing" title=" sloshing"> sloshing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20profile" title=" trapezoidal profile"> trapezoidal profile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58020/numerical-simulation-of-sloshing-control-using-input-shaping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> An Approximation Algorithm for the Non Orthogonal Cutting Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ouafi">R. Ouafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ouafi"> F. Ouafi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study the problem of cutting a rectangular material entity into smaller sub-entities of trapezoidal forms with minimum waste of the material. This problem will be denoted TCP (Trapezoidal Cutting Problem). The TCP has many applications in manufacturing processes of various industries: pipe line design (petro chemistry), the design of airfoil (aeronautical) or cuts of the components of textile products. We introduce an orthogonal build to provide the optimal horizontal and vertical homogeneous strips. In this paper we develop a general heuristic search based upon orthogonal build. By solving two one-dimensional knapsack problems, we combine the horizontal and vertical homogeneous strips to give a non orthogonal cutting pattern. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combinatorial%20optimization" title="combinatorial optimization">combinatorial optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20problem" title=" cutting problem"> cutting problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heuristic" title=" heuristic"> heuristic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19497/an-approximation-algorithm-for-the-non-orthogonal-cutting-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Thrust Enhancement on a Two Dimensional Elliptic Airfoil in a Forward Flight</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Dash">S. M. Dash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20B.%20Lua"> K. B. Lua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20T.%20Lim"> T. T. Lim </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents results of numerical and experimental studies on a two-dimensional (2D) flapping elliptic airfoil in a forward flight condition at Reynolds number of 5000. The study is motivated from an earlier investigation which shows that the deterioration in thrust performance of a sinusoidal heaving and pitching 2D (NACA0012) airfoil at high flapping frequency can be recovered by changing the effective angle of attack profile to square wave, sawtooth, or cosine wave shape. To better understand why such modifications lead to superior thrust performance, we take a closer look at the transient aerodynamic force behavior of an airfoil when the effective angle of attack profile changes gradually from a generic smooth trapezoidal profile to a sinusoid shape by modifying the base length of the trapezoid. The choice of using a smooth trapezoidal profile is to avoid the infinite acceleration condition encountered in the square wave profile. Our results show that the enhancement in the time-averaged thrust performance at high flapping frequency can be attributed to the delay and reduction in the drag producing valley region in the transient thrust force coefficient when the effective angle of attack profile changes from sinusoidal to trapezoidal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-dimensional%20flapping%20airfoil" title="two-dimensional flapping airfoil">two-dimensional flapping airfoil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrust%20performance" title=" thrust performance"> thrust performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20angle%20of%20attack" title=" effective angle of attack"> effective angle of attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiments" title=" experiments"> experiments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45043/thrust-enhancement-on-a-two-dimensional-elliptic-airfoil-in-a-forward-flight" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Investigation of Flow Characteristics of Trapezoidal Side Weir in Rectangular Channel for Subcritical Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malkhan%20Thakur">Malkhan Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Deepak%20Kumar"> P. Deepak Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20K.%20S.%20Dikshit"> P. K. S. Dikshit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the hydraulic behavior of side weirs has been the subject of many investigations. Most of the studies have been in connection with specific problems and have involved models. This is perhaps understandable, since a generalized treatment is made difficult by the large number of possible variables to be used to define the problem. A variety of empirical head discharge relationships have been suggested for side weirs. These empirical approaches failed to adequately consider the actual situation, and produced equations applicable only in circumstances virtually identical to those of the experiment. The present investigation is targeted to study to a greater depth the effect of different trapezium angles of a trapezoidal side weir and study of water surface profile in spatially varied flow with decreasing discharge maintaining the main channel flow subcritical. On the basis of experiment, the relationship between upstream Froude number and coefficient of discharge has been established. All the characteristics of spatially varied flow with decreasing discharge have been studied and subsequently formulated. The scope of the present investigation has been basically limited to a one-dimensional model of flow for the purpose of analysis. A formulation has been derived using the theoretical concept of constant specific energy. Coefficient of discharge has been calculated and experimental results were presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weirs" title="weirs">weirs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subcritical%20flow" title=" subcritical flow"> subcritical flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20channel" title=" rectangular channel"> rectangular channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20side%20weir" title=" trapezoidal side weir"> trapezoidal side weir</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47362/investigation-of-flow-characteristics-of-trapezoidal-side-weir-in-rectangular-channel-for-subcritical-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Mixing Enhancement with 3D Acoustic Streaming Flow Patterns Induced by Trapezoidal Triangular Structure Micromixer Using Different Mixing Fluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20Yimam%20%20Ali">Ayalew Yimam Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The T-shaped microchannel is used to mix both miscible or immiscible fluids with different viscosities. However, mixing at the entrance of the T-junction microchannel can be difficult mixing phenomena due to micro-scale laminar flow aspects with the two miscible high-viscosity water-glycerol fluids. One of the most promising methods to improve mixing performance and diffusion mass transfer in laminar flow phenomena is acoustic streaming (AS), which is a time-averaged, second-order steady streaming that can produce rolling motion in the microchannel by oscillating a low-frequency range acoustic transducer and inducing an acoustic wave in the flow field. The newly developed 3D trapezoidal, triangular structure spine used in this study was created using sophisticated CNC machine cutting tools used to create microchannel mold with a 3D trapezoidal triangular structure spine alone the T-junction longitudinal mixing region. In order to create the molds for the 3D trapezoidal structure with the 3D sharp edge tip angles of 30° and 0.3mm trapezoidal, triangular sharp edge tip depth from PMMA glass (Polymethylmethacrylate) with advanced CNC machine and the channel manufactured using PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) which is grown up longitudinally on the top surface of the Y-junction microchannel using soft lithography nanofabrication strategies. Flow visualization of 3D rolling steady acoustic streaming and mixing enhancement with high-viscosity miscible fluids with different trapezoidal, triangular structure longitudinal length, channel width, high volume flow rate, oscillation frequency, and amplitude using micro-particle image velocimetry (μPIV) techniques were used to study the 3D acoustic streaming flow patterns and mixing enhancement. The streaming velocity fields and vorticity flow fields show 16 times more high vorticity maps than in the absence of acoustic streaming, and mixing performance has been evaluated at various amplitudes, flow rates, and frequencies using the grayscale value of pixel intensity with MATLAB software. Mixing experiments were performed using fluorescent green dye solution with de-ionized water in one inlet side of the channel, and the de-ionized water-glycerol mixture on the other inlet side of the T-channel and degree of mixing was found to have greatly improved from 67.42% without acoustic streaming to 0.96.83% with acoustic streaming. The results show that the creation of a new 3D steady streaming rolling motion with a high volume flowrate around the entrance was enhanced by the formation of a new, three-dimensional, intense streaming rolling motion with a high-volume flowrate around the entrance junction mixing zone with the two miscible high-viscous fluids which are influenced by laminar flow fluid transport phenomena. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20fabrication" title="micro fabrication">micro fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20acoustic%20streaming%20flow%20visualization" title=" 3d acoustic streaming flow visualization"> 3d acoustic streaming flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-particle%20image%20velocimetry" title=" micro-particle image velocimetry"> micro-particle image velocimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20enhancement." title=" mixing enhancement."> mixing enhancement.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190156/mixing-enhancement-with-3d-acoustic-streaming-flow-patterns-induced-by-trapezoidal-triangular-structure-micromixer-using-different-mixing-fluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Flow Visualization and Mixing Enhancement in Y-Junction Microchannel with 3D Acoustic Streaming Flow Patterns Induced by Trapezoidal Triangular Structure using High-Viscous Liquids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20Yimam%20Ali">Ayalew Yimam Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Y-shaped microchannel is used to mix both miscible or immiscible fluids with different viscosities. However, mixing at the entrance of the Y-junction microchannel can be a difficult mixing phenomena due to micro-scale laminar flow aspects with the two miscible high-viscosity water-glycerol fluids. One of the most promising methods to improve mixing performance and diffusion mass transfer in laminar flow phenomena is acoustic streaming (AS), which is a time-averaged, second-order steady streaming that can produce rolling motion in the microchannel by oscillating a low-frequency range acoustic transducer and inducing an acoustic wave in the flow field. The developed 3D trapezoidal, triangular structure spine used in this study was created using sophisticated CNC machine cutting tools used to create microchannel mold with a 3D trapezoidal triangular structure spine alone the Y-junction longitudinal mixing region. In order to create the molds for the 3D trapezoidal structure with the 3D sharp edge tip angles of 30° and 0.3mm trapezoidal triangular sharp edge tip depth from PMMA glass (Polymethylmethacrylate) with advanced CNC machine and the channel manufactured using PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) which is grown up longitudinally on top surface of the Y-junction microchannel using soft lithography nanofabrication strategies. Flow visualization of 3D rolling steady acoustic streaming and mixing enhancement with high-viscosity miscible fluids with different trapezoidal, triangular structure longitudinal length, channel width, high volume flow rate, oscillation frequency, and amplitude using micro-particle image velocimetry (μPIV) techniques were used to study the 3D acoustic streaming flow patterns and mixing enhancement. The streaming velocity fields and vorticity flow fields show 16 times more high vorticity maps than in the absence of acoustic streaming, and mixing performance has been evaluated at various amplitudes, flow rates, and frequencies using the grayscale value of pixel intensity with MATLAB software. Mixing experiments were performed using fluorescent green dye solution with de-ionized water in one inlet side of the channel, and the de-ionized water-glycerol mixture on the other inlet side of the Y-channel and degree of mixing was found to have greatly improved from 67.42% without acoustic streaming to 0.96.83% with acoustic streaming. The results show that the creation of a new 3D steady streaming rolling motion with a high volume flowrate around the entrance was enhanced by the formation of a new, three-dimensional, intense streaming rolling motion with a high-volume flowrate around the entrance junction mixing zone with the two miscible high-viscous fluids which are influenced by laminar flow fluid transport phenomena. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20fabrication" title="micro fabrication">micro fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20acoustic%20streaming%20flow%20visualization" title=" 3d acoustic streaming flow visualization"> 3d acoustic streaming flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-particle%20image%20velocimetry" title=" micro-particle image velocimetry"> micro-particle image velocimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20enhancement" title=" mixing enhancement"> mixing enhancement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190153/flow-visualization-and-mixing-enhancement-in-y-junction-microchannel-with-3d-acoustic-streaming-flow-patterns-induced-by-trapezoidal-triangular-structure-using-high-viscous-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Modeling of Crack Propagation Path in Concrete with Coarse Trapezoidal Aggregates by Boundary Element Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chong%20Wang">Chong Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandre%20Urbano%20Hoffmann"> Alexandre Urbano Hoffmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interaction between a crack and a trapezoidal aggregate in a single edge notched concrete beam is simulated using boundary element method with an automatic crack extension program. The stress intensity factors of the growing crack are obtained from the J-integral. Three crack extension paths: deflecting around the particulate, growing along the interface and penetrating into the particulate are achieved in terms of the mismatch state of mechanical characteristics of matrix and the particulate. The toughening is also given by the ratio of stress intensity factors. The results reveal that as stress shielding occurs, toughening is obtained when the crack is approaching to a stiff and strong aggregate weakly bonded to a relatively soft matrix. The present work intends to help for the design of aggregate reinforced concretes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregate%20concrete" title="aggregate concrete">aggregate concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20element%20method" title=" boundary element method"> boundary element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20composite" title=" two-phase composite"> two-phase composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20extension%20path" title=" crack extension path"> crack extension path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%2Fparticulate%20interaction" title=" crack/particulate interaction"> crack/particulate interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28453/modeling-of-crack-propagation-path-in-concrete-with-coarse-trapezoidal-aggregates-by-boundary-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Interactive Solutions for the Multi-Objective Capacitated Transportation Problem with Mixed Constraints under Fuzziness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aquil%20Ahmed">Aquil Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srikant%20Gupta"> Srikant Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfan%20Ali"> Irfan Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we study a multi-objective capacitated transportation problem (MOCTP) with mixed constraints. This paper is comprised of the modelling and optimisation of an MOCTP in a fuzzy environment in which some goals are fractional and some are linear. In real life application of the fuzzy goal programming (FGP) problem with multiple objectives, it is difficult for the decision maker(s) to determine the goal value of each objective precisely as the goal values are imprecise or uncertain. Also, we developed the concept of linearization of fractional goal for solving the MOCTP. In this paper, imprecision of the parameter is handled by the concept of fuzzy set theory by considering these parameters as a trapezoidal fuzzy number. α-cut approach is used to get the crisp value of the parameters. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the method for solving MOCTP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitated%20transportation%20problem" title="capacitated transportation problem">capacitated transportation problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20objective%20linear%20programming" title=" multi objective linear programming"> multi objective linear programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-objective%20fractional%20programming" title=" multi-objective fractional programming"> multi-objective fractional programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20goal%20programming" title=" fuzzy goal programming"> fuzzy goal programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20sets" title=" fuzzy sets"> fuzzy sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20fuzzy%20number" title=" trapezoidal fuzzy number"> trapezoidal fuzzy number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77380/interactive-solutions-for-the-multi-objective-capacitated-transportation-problem-with-mixed-constraints-under-fuzziness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Mathematical Modeling of Drip Emitter Discharge of Trapezoidal Labyrinth Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Philipova">N. Philipova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of the geometric parameters of trapezoidal labyrinth channel on the emitter discharge is investigated in this work. The impact of the dentate angle, the dentate spacing, and the dentate height are studied among the geometric parameters of the labyrinth channel. Numerical simulations of the water flow movement are performed according to central cubic composite design using Commercial codes GAMBIT and FLUENT. Inlet pressure of the dripper is set up to be 1 bar. The objective of this paper is to derive a mathematical model of the emitter discharge depending on the dentate angle, the dentate spacing, the dentate height of the labyrinth channel. As a result, the obtained mathematical model is a second-order polynomial reporting 2-way interactions among the geometric parameters. The dentate spacing has the most important and positive influence on the emitter discharge, followed by the simultaneous impact of the dentate spacing and the dentate height. The dentate angle in the observed interval has no significant effect on the emitter discharge. The obtained model can be used as a basis for a future emitter design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drip%20irrigation" title="drip irrigation">drip irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labyrinth%20channel%20hydrodynamics" title=" labyrinth channel hydrodynamics"> labyrinth channel hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulations" title=" numerical simulations"> numerical simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reynolds%20stress%20model." title=" Reynolds stress model."> Reynolds stress model.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75760/mathematical-modeling-of-drip-emitter-discharge-of-trapezoidal-labyrinth-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Mathematical Modeling Pressure Losses of Trapezoidal Labyrinth Channel and Bi-Objective Optimization of the Design Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20Philipova">Nina Philipova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of the geometric parameters of trapezoidal labyrinth channel on the pressure losses along the labyrinth length is investigated in this work. The impact of the dentate height is studied at fixed values of the dentate angle and the dentate spacing. The objective of the work presented in this paper is to derive a mathematical model of the pressure losses along the labyrinth length depending on the dentate height. The numerical simulations of the water flow movement are performed by using Commercial codes ANSYS GAMBIT and FLUENT. Dripper inlet pressure is set up to be 1 bar. As a result, the mathematical model of the pressure losses is determined as a second-order polynomial by means Commercial code STATISTIKA. Bi-objective optimization is performed by using the mean algebraic function of utility. The optimum value of the dentate height is defined at fixed values of the dentate angle and the dentate spacing. The derived model of the pressure losses and the optimum value of the dentate height are used as a basis for a more successful emitter design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drip%20irrigation" title="drip irrigation">drip irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labyrinth%20channel%20hydrodynamics" title=" labyrinth channel hydrodynamics"> labyrinth channel hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulations" title=" numerical simulations"> numerical simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reynolds%20stress%20model" title=" Reynolds stress model"> Reynolds stress model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75762/mathematical-modeling-pressure-losses-of-trapezoidal-labyrinth-channel-and-bi-objective-optimization-of-the-design-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Efficiency Improvement of Ternary Nanofluid Within a Solar Photovoltaic Unit Combined with Thermoelectric Considering Environmental Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Sheikholeslami">Mohsen Sheikholeslami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Khalili"> Zahra Khalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ladan%20Momayez"> Ladan Momayez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Impacts of environmental parameters and dust deposition on the efficiency of solar panel have been scrutinized in this article. To gain thermal output, trapezoidal cooling channel has been attached in the bottom of the panel incorporating ternary nanofluid. To produce working fluid, water has been mixed with Fe₃O₄-TiO₂-GO nanoparticles. Also, the arrangement of fins has been considered to grow the cooling rate of the silicon layer. The existence of a thermoelectric layer above the cooling channel leads to higher electrical output. Efficacy of ambient temperature (Ta), speed of wind (V𝓌ᵢₙ𝒹) and inlet temperature (Tᵢₙ) and velocity (Vin) of ternary nanofluid on performance of PVT has been assessed. As Tin increases, electrical efficiency declines about 3.63%. Increase of ambient temperature makes thermal performance enhance about 33.46%. The PVT efficiency decreases about 13.14% and 16.6% with augment of wind speed and dust deposition. CO₂ mitigation has been reduced about 15.49% in presence of dust while it increases about 17.38% with growth of ambient temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20system" title="photovoltaic system">photovoltaic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20mitigation" title=" CO₂ mitigation"> CO₂ mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ternary%20nanofluid" title=" ternary nanofluid"> ternary nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoelectric%20generator" title=" thermoelectric generator"> thermoelectric generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20parameters" title=" environmental parameters"> environmental parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20cooling%20channel" title=" trapezoidal cooling channel"> trapezoidal cooling channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172255/efficiency-improvement-of-ternary-nanofluid-within-a-solar-photovoltaic-unit-combined-with-thermoelectric-considering-environmental-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Investment Projects Selection Problem under Hesitant Fuzzy Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Khutsishvili">Irina Khutsishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present research, a decision support methodology for the multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problem is developed, namely for the selection of investment projects. The objective of the investment project selection problem is to choose the best project among the set of projects, seeking investment, or to rank all projects in descending order. The project selection is made considering a set of weighted attributes. To evaluate the attributes in our approach, expert assessments are used. In the proposed methodology, lingual expressions (linguistic terms) given by all experts are used as initial attribute evaluations, since they are the most natural and convenient representation of experts' evaluations. Then lingual evaluations are converted into trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, and the aggregate trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy decision matrix will be built. The case is considered when information on the attribute weights is completely unknown. The attribute weights are identified based on the De Luca and Termini information entropy concept, determined in the context of hesitant fuzzy sets. The decisions are made using the extended Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method under a hesitant fuzzy environment. Hence, a methodology is based on a trapezoidal valued hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS decision-making model with entropy weights. The ranking of alternatives is performed by the proximity of their distances to both the fuzzy positive-ideal solution (FPIS) and the fuzzy negative-ideal solution (FNIS). For this purpose, the weighted hesitant Hamming distance is used. An example of investment decision-making is shown that clearly explains the procedure of the proposed methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%20the%20present%20research" title="In the present research">In the present research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20decision%20support%20methodology%20for%20the%20multi-attribute%20group%20decision-making%20%28MAGDM%29%20problem%20is%20developed" title=" a decision support methodology for the multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problem is developed"> a decision support methodology for the multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problem is developed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=namely%20for%20the%20selection%20of%20investment%20projects.%20%0D%0AThe%20objective%20of%20the%20investment%20project%20selection%20problem%20is%20to%20choose%20the%20best%20project%20among%20the%20set%20of%20projects" title=" namely for the selection of investment projects. The objective of the investment project selection problem is to choose the best project among the set of projects"> namely for the selection of investment projects. The objective of the investment project selection problem is to choose the best project among the set of projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seeking%20investment" title=" seeking investment"> seeking investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=or%20to%20rank%20all%20projects%20in%20descending%20order.%20The%20project%20selection%20is%20made%20considering%20a%20set%20of%20weighted%20attributes.%20To%20evaluate%20the%20attributes%20in%20our%20approach" title=" or to rank all projects in descending order. The project selection is made considering a set of weighted attributes. To evaluate the attributes in our approach"> or to rank all projects in descending order. The project selection is made considering a set of weighted attributes. To evaluate the attributes in our approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20assessments%20are%20used.%20In%20the%20proposed%20methodology" title=" expert assessments are used. In the proposed methodology"> expert assessments are used. In the proposed methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lingual%20expressions%20%28linguistic%20terms%29%20given%20by%20all%20experts%20are%20used%20as%20initial%20attribute%20evaluations%20since%20they%20are%20the%20most%20natural%20and%20convenient%20representation%20of%20experts%27%20evaluations.%20Then%20lingual%20evaluations%20are%20converted%20into%20trapezoidal%20fuzzy%20numbers" title=" lingual expressions (linguistic terms) given by all experts are used as initial attribute evaluations since they are the most natural and convenient representation of experts' evaluations. Then lingual evaluations are converted into trapezoidal fuzzy numbers"> lingual expressions (linguistic terms) given by all experts are used as initial attribute evaluations since they are the most natural and convenient representation of experts' evaluations. Then lingual evaluations are converted into trapezoidal fuzzy numbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20the%20aggregate%20trapezoidal%20hesitant%20fuzzy%20decision%20matrix%20will%20be%20built.%20The%20case%20is%20considered%20when%20information%20on%20the%20attribute%20weights%20is%20completely%20unknown.%20The%20attribute%20weights%20are%20identified%20based%20on%20the%20De%20Luca%20and%20Termini%20information%20entropy%20concept" title=" and the aggregate trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy decision matrix will be built. The case is considered when information on the attribute weights is completely unknown. The attribute weights are identified based on the De Luca and Termini information entropy concept"> and the aggregate trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy decision matrix will be built. The case is considered when information on the attribute weights is completely unknown. The attribute weights are identified based on the De Luca and Termini information entropy concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=determined%20in%20the%20context%20of%20hesitant%20fuzzy%20sets.%20The%20decisions%20are%20made%20using%20the%20extended%20Technique%20for%20Order%20Performance%20by%20Similarity%20to%20Ideal%20Solution%20%28TOPSIS%29%20method%20under%20a%20hesitant%20fuzzy%20environment.%20Hence" title=" determined in the context of hesitant fuzzy sets. The decisions are made using the extended Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method under a hesitant fuzzy environment. Hence"> determined in the context of hesitant fuzzy sets. The decisions are made using the extended Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method under a hesitant fuzzy environment. Hence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20methodology%20is%20based%20on%20a%20trapezoidal%20valued%20hesitant%20fuzzy%20TOPSIS%20decision-making%20model%20with%20entropy%20weights.%20The%20ranking%20of%20alternatives%20is%20performed%20by%20the%20proximity%20of%20their%20distances%20to%20both%20the%20fuzzy%20positive-ideal%20solution%20%28FPIS%29%20and%20the%20fuzzy%20negative-ideal%20solution%20%28FNIS%29.%20For%20this%20purpose" title=" a methodology is based on a trapezoidal valued hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS decision-making model with entropy weights. The ranking of alternatives is performed by the proximity of their distances to both the fuzzy positive-ideal solution (FPIS) and the fuzzy negative-ideal solution (FNIS). For this purpose"> a methodology is based on a trapezoidal valued hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS decision-making model with entropy weights. The ranking of alternatives is performed by the proximity of their distances to both the fuzzy positive-ideal solution (FPIS) and the fuzzy negative-ideal solution (FNIS). For this purpose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20weighted%20hesitant%20Hamming%20distance%20is%20used.%20An%20example%20of%20investment%20decision-making%20is%20shown%20that%20clearly%20explains%20the%20procedure%20of%20the%20proposed%20methodology." title=" the weighted hesitant Hamming distance is used. An example of investment decision-making is shown that clearly explains the procedure of the proposed methodology."> the weighted hesitant Hamming distance is used. An example of investment decision-making is shown that clearly explains the procedure of the proposed methodology.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161078/investment-projects-selection-problem-under-hesitant-fuzzy-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Flow Visualization and Mixing Enhancement in Y-Junction Microchannel with 3D Acoustic Streaming Flow Patterns Induced by Trapezoidal Triangular Structure using High-Viscous Liquids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20Yimam%20Ali">Ayalew Yimam Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Y-shaped microchannel system is used to mix up low or high viscosities of different fluids, and the laminar flow with high-viscous water-glycerol fluids makes the mixing at the entrance Y-junction region a challenging issue. Acoustic streaming (AS) is time-average, a steady second-order flow phenomenon that could produce rolling motion in the microchannel by oscillating low-frequency range acoustic transducer by inducing acoustic wave in the flow field is the promising strategy to enhance diffusion mass transfer and mixing performance in laminar flow phenomena. In this study, the 3D trapezoidal Structure has been manufactured with advanced CNC machine cutting tools to produce the molds of trapezoidal structure with the 3D sharp edge tip angles of 30° and 0.3mm spine sharp-edge tip depth from PMMA glass (Polymethylmethacrylate) and the microchannel has been fabricated using PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) which could be grown-up longitudinally in Y-junction microchannel mixing region top surface to visualized 3D rolling steady acoustic streaming and mixing performance evaluation using high-viscous miscible fluids. The 3D acoustic streaming flow patterns and mixing enhancement were investigated using the micro-particle image velocimetry (μPIV) technique with different spine depth lengths, channel widths, high volume flow rates, oscillation frequencies, and amplitude. The velocity and vorticity flow fields show that a pair of 3D counter-rotating streaming vortices were created around the trapezoidal spine structure and observing high vorticity maps up to 8 times more than the case without acoustic streaming in Y-junction with the high-viscosity water-glycerol mixture fluids. The mixing experiments were performed by using fluorescent green dye solution with de-ionized water on one inlet side, de-ionized water-glycerol with different mass-weight percentage ratios on the other inlet side of the Y-channel and evaluated its performance with the degree of mixing at different amplitudes, flow rates, frequencies, and spine sharp-tip edge angles using the grayscale value of pixel intensity with MATLAB Software. The degree of mixing (M) characterized was found to significantly improved to 0.96.8% with acoustic streaming from 67.42% without acoustic streaming, in the case of 0.0986 μl/min flow rate, 12kHz frequency and 40V oscillation amplitude at y = 2.26 mm. The results suggested the creation of a new 3D steady streaming rolling motion with a high volume flow rate around the entrance junction mixing region, which promotes the mixing of two similar high-viscosity fluids inside the microchannel, which is unable to mix by the laminar flow with low viscous conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20fabrication" title="nano fabrication">nano fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20acoustic%20streaming%20flow%20visualization" title=" 3D acoustic streaming flow visualization"> 3D acoustic streaming flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-particle%20image%20velocimetry" title=" micro-particle image velocimetry"> micro-particle image velocimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20enhancement" title=" mixing enhancement"> mixing enhancement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188950/flow-visualization-and-mixing-enhancement-in-y-junction-microchannel-with-3d-acoustic-streaming-flow-patterns-induced-by-trapezoidal-triangular-structure-using-high-viscous-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">33</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> A Uniformly Convergent Numerical Scheme for a Singularly Perturbed Volterra Integrodifferential Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Adjoah%20Mbroh">Nana Adjoah Mbroh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suares%20Clovis%20Oukouomi%20Noutchie"> Suares Clovis Oukouomi Noutchie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Singularly perturbed problems are parameter dependent problems, and they play major roles in the modelling of real-life situational problems in applied sciences. Thus, designing efficient numerical schemes to solve these problems is of much interest since the exact solutions of such problems may not even exist. Generally, singularly perturbed problems are identified by a small parameter multiplying at least the highest derivative in the equation. The presence of this parameter causes the solution of these problems to be characterized by rapid oscillations. This unique feature renders classical numerical schemes inefficient since they are unable to capture the behaviour of the exact solution in the part of the domain where the rapid oscillations are present. In this paper, a numerical scheme is proposed to solve a singularly perturbed Volterra Integro-differential equation. The scheme is based on the midpoint rule and employs the non-standard finite difference scheme to solve the differential part whilst the composite trapezoidal rule is used for the integral part. A fully fledged error estimate is performed, and Richardson extrapolation is applied to accelerate the convergence of the scheme. Numerical simulations are conducted to confirm the theoretical findings before and after extrapolation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=midpoint%20rule" title="midpoint rule">midpoint rule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-standard%20finite%20difference%20schemes" title=" non-standard finite difference schemes"> non-standard finite difference schemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richardson%20extrapolation" title=" Richardson extrapolation"> Richardson extrapolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singularly%20perturbed%20problems" title=" singularly perturbed problems"> singularly perturbed problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20rule" title=" trapezoidal rule"> trapezoidal rule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniform%20convergence" title=" uniform convergence"> uniform convergence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151972/a-uniformly-convergent-numerical-scheme-for-a-singularly-perturbed-volterra-integrodifferential-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> BOX Effect Sensitivity to Fin Width in SOI-Multi-FinFETs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Moulai%20Khatir">A. N. Moulai Khatir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SOI-Multifin-FETs are placed to be the workhorse of the industry for the coming few generations, and thus, in a few years because their excellent transistor characteristics, ideal sub-threshold swing, low drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) without pocket implantation, and negligible body bias dependency. The corner effect may also exist in the two lower corners; this effect is called the BOX effect, which can also occur in the direction X-Z. The electric field lines from the source and drain cross the bottom oxide and arrive in the silicon. This effect is also called DIVSB (Drain Induced Virtual Substrate Basing). The potential in the silicon film in particular near the drain is increased by the drain bias. It is similar to DIBL and result in a decrease of the threshold voltage. This work provides an understanding of the limitation of this effect by reducing the fin width for components with increased fin number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOI" title="SOI">SOI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finFET" title=" finFET"> finFET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corner%20effect" title=" corner effect"> corner effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-gate" title=" dual-gate"> dual-gate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tri-gate" title=" tri-gate"> tri-gate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BOX" title=" BOX"> BOX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-finFET" title=" multi-finFET"> multi-finFET</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32683/box-effect-sensitivity-to-fin-width-in-soi-multi-finfets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20FinFETs&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20FinFETs&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20FinFETs&page=2" 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