CINXE.COM
News - Ecma International
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" class="html_stretched responsive av-preloader-disabled html_header_top html_logo_left html_main_nav_header html_menu_right html_custom html_header_sticky html_header_shrinking html_header_topbar_active html_mobile_menu_tablet html_header_searchicon html_content_align_center html_header_unstick_top_disabled html_header_stretch_disabled html_elegant-blog html_modern-blog html_av-overlay-side html_av-overlay-side-classic html_av-submenu-noclone html_entry_id_17831 av-cookies-consent-show-message-bar av-cookies-cookie-consent-enabled av-cookies-can-opt-out av-cookies-user-silent-accept avia-cookie-check-browser-settings av-no-preview av-default-lightbox html_text_menu_active av-mobile-menu-switch-default"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <!-- mobile setting --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- Scripts/CSS and wp_head hook --> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <script type='text/javascript'> function avia_cookie_check_sessionStorage() { // FF throws error when all cookies blocked !! var sessionBlocked = false; try { var test = sessionStorage.getItem( 'aviaCookieRefused' ) != null; } catch(e) { sessionBlocked = true; } var aviaCookieRefused = ! sessionBlocked ? sessionStorage.getItem( 'aviaCookieRefused' ) : null; var html = document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0]; /** * Set a class to avoid calls to sessionStorage */ if( sessionBlocked || aviaCookieRefused ) { if( html.className.indexOf('av-cookies-session-refused') < 0 ) { html.className += ' av-cookies-session-refused'; } } if( sessionBlocked || aviaCookieRefused || document.cookie.match(/aviaCookieConsent/) ) { if( html.className.indexOf('av-cookies-user-silent-accept') >= 0 ) { html.className = html.className.replace(/\bav-cookies-user-silent-accept\b/g, ''); } } } avia_cookie_check_sessionStorage(); </script> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>News - Ecma International</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ecma-international.org/news/" /> <link rel="next" href="https://ecma-international.org/news/page/2/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="News - Ecma International" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ecma-international.org/news/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Ecma International" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://ecma-international.org/news/","url":"https://ecma-international.org/news/","name":"News - Ecma International","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://ecma-international.org/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://ecma-international.org/news/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://ecma-international.org/news/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https://ecma-international.org/home/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Actualités"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://ecma-international.org/#website","url":"https://ecma-international.org/","name":"Ecma International","description":"Industry association for standardizing information and communication systems","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://ecma-international.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Ecma International » Feed" href="https://ecma-international.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Ecma International » Comments Feed" href="https://ecma-international.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Ecma International » Actualités Feed" href="https://ecma-international.org/news/feed/" /> <style> .grecaptcha-badge { visibility: hidden; } .wpcf7-submit { margin: 0; padding: 16px 20px; border-radius: 2px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; font-weight: normal; font-size: 0.92em; min-width: 142px; outline: none; } input[type="file"] { -webkit-appearance: none; border: 1px solid #e1e1e1; border-top-color: rgb(225, 225, 225); border-right-color: rgb(225, 225, 225); border-bottom-color: rgb(225, 225, 225); border-left-color: rgb(225, 225, 225); padding: 8px 6px; outline: none; font: 1em "HelveticaNeue", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: #777; margin: 0; width: 100%; display: block; margin-bottom: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 0; } </style><link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-grid-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/grid.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-base-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/base.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-layout-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/layout.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-team-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/team/team.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-blog-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/blog/blog.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-postslider-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/postslider/postslider.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-button-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/buttons/buttons.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-comments-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/comments/comments.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-contact-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/contact/contact.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-slideshow-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/slideshow/slideshow.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-gallery-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/gallery/gallery.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-gridrow-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/grid_row/grid_row.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-heading-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/heading/heading.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-hr-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/hr/hr.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-image-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/image/image.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-menu-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/menu/menu.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-social-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/social_share/social_share.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-table-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/table/table.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-tabs-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/tabs/tabs.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-toggles-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/toggles/toggles.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-module-video-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/video/video.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='parent-style-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/style.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='child-style-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/ecma/style.css?ver=1.0.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--metallic-red: #b02b2c;--wp--preset--color--maximum-yellow-red: #edae44;--wp--preset--color--yellow-sun: #eeee22;--wp--preset--color--palm-leaf: #83a846;--wp--preset--color--aero: #7bb0e7;--wp--preset--color--old-lavender: #745f7e;--wp--preset--color--steel-teal: #5f8789;--wp--preset--color--raspberry-pink: #d65799;--wp--preset--color--medium-turquoise: #4ecac2;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 1rem;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 1.125rem;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 1.75rem;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 800px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1130px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: underline;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-metallic-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--metallic-red) !important;}.has-maximum-yellow-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--maximum-yellow-red) !important;}.has-yellow-sun-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--yellow-sun) !important;}.has-palm-leaf-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palm-leaf) !important;}.has-aero-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--aero) !important;}.has-old-lavender-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--old-lavender) !important;}.has-steel-teal-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--steel-teal) !important;}.has-raspberry-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--raspberry-pink) !important;}.has-medium-turquoise-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--medium-turquoise) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-metallic-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--metallic-red) !important;}.has-maximum-yellow-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--maximum-yellow-red) !important;}.has-yellow-sun-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--yellow-sun) !important;}.has-palm-leaf-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palm-leaf) !important;}.has-aero-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--aero) !important;}.has-old-lavender-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--old-lavender) !important;}.has-steel-teal-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--steel-teal) !important;}.has-raspberry-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--raspberry-pink) !important;}.has-medium-turquoise-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--medium-turquoise) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-metallic-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--metallic-red) !important;}.has-maximum-yellow-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--maximum-yellow-red) !important;}.has-yellow-sun-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--yellow-sun) !important;}.has-palm-leaf-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palm-leaf) !important;}.has-aero-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--aero) !important;}.has-old-lavender-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--old-lavender) !important;}.has-steel-teal-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--steel-teal) !important;}.has-raspberry-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--raspberry-pink) !important;}.has-medium-turquoise-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--medium-turquoise) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=6.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpb-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A300%2C400%2C500&display=swap&ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-scs-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/shortcodes.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-fold-unfold-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/avia-snippet-fold-unfold.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-popup-css-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/aviapopup/magnific-popup.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-lightbox-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/avia-snippet-lightbox.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-widget-css-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/avia-snippet-widget.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-dynamic-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/dynamic_avia/ecma.css?ver=6744772a1a129' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-custom-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/custom.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-style-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/ecma/style.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='searchwp-forms-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/plugins/searchwp/assets/css/frontend/search-forms.css?ver=4.3.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-cookie-css-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/css/avia-snippet-cookieconsent.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avia-gravity-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-gravityforms/gravity-mod.css?ver=6.0.6' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='nm-styles-css' href='https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/ecma/assets/dist/css/app.min.css?ver=1.0.8' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-js.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-compat.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-compat-js"></script> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) snippet added by Site Kit --> <!-- Google Analytics snippet added by Site Kit --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=GT-NFX3CWL" id="google_gtagjs-js" async></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="google_gtagjs-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag("set","linker",{"domains":["ecma-international.org"]}); gtag("js", new Date()); gtag("set", "developer_id.dZTNiMT", true); gtag("config", "GT-NFX3CWL"); /* ]]> */ </script> <!-- End Google tag (gtag.js) snippet added by Site Kit --> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://ecma-international.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://ecma-international.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.2" /> <meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.140.0" /><link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Ecma International RSS2 Feed" href="https://ecma-international.org/feed/" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://ecma-international.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <style type='text/css' media='screen'> #top #header_main > .container, #top #header_main > .container .main_menu .av-main-nav > li > a, #top #header_main #menu-item-shop .cart_dropdown_link{ height:120px; line-height: 120px; } .html_top_nav_header .av-logo-container{ height:120px; } .html_header_top.html_header_sticky #top #wrap_all #main{ padding-top:150px; } </style> <!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/html5shiv.js"></script><![endif]--> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ecma-favicon@2x-300x300.png" type="image/png"> <!-- Google Tag Manager snippet added by Site Kit --> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ ( function( w, d, s, l, i ) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push( {'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'} ); var f = d.getElementsByTagName( s )[0], j = d.createElement( s ), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore( j, f ); } )( window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-N24TS38C' ); /* ]]> */ </script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager snippet added by Site Kit --> <style type="text/css"> @font-face {font-family: 'entypo-fontello'; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-display: auto; src: url('https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-template-builder/assets/fonts/entypo-fontello.woff2') format('woff2'), url('https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-template-builder/assets/fonts/entypo-fontello.woff') format('woff'), url('https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-template-builder/assets/fonts/entypo-fontello.ttf') format('truetype'), url('https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-template-builder/assets/fonts/entypo-fontello.svg#entypo-fontello') format('svg'), url('https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-template-builder/assets/fonts/entypo-fontello.eot'), url('https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-template-builder/assets/fonts/entypo-fontello.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'); } #top .avia-font-entypo-fontello, body .avia-font-entypo-fontello, html body [data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello']:before{ font-family: 'entypo-fontello'; } </style> </head> <body data-rsssl=1 id="top" class="archive post-type-archive post-type-archive-news stretched rtl_columns av-curtain-numeric avia-responsive-images-support av-recaptcha-enabled av-google-badge-hide" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" > <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) snippet added by Site Kit --> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-N24TS38C" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) snippet added by Site Kit --> <div id='wrap_all'> <header id='header' class='all_colors header_color light_bg_color av_header_top av_logo_left av_main_nav_header av_menu_right av_custom av_header_sticky av_header_shrinking av_header_stretch_disabled av_mobile_menu_tablet av_header_searchicon av_header_unstick_top_disabled av_bottom_nav_disabled av_header_border_disabled' aria-label="Header" data-av_shrink_factor='50' role="banner" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader" > <div id='header_meta' class='container_wrap container_wrap_meta av_icon_active_right av_extra_header_active av_entry_id_17831'> <div class='container'> <ul class='noLightbox social_bookmarks icon_count_2'><li class='social_bookmarks_square-x-twitter av-social-link-square-x-twitter social_icon_1'><a target="_blank" aria-label="Link to X" href='https://twitter.com/EcmaIntl' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='X' rel="noopener"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>X</span></a></li><li class='social_bookmarks_linkedin av-social-link-linkedin social_icon_2'><a target="_blank" aria-label="Link to LinkedIn" href='https://www.linkedin.com/company/ecma-international' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='LinkedIn' rel="noopener"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>LinkedIn</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div id='header_main' class='container_wrap container_wrap_logo'> <div class='container av-logo-container'><div class='inner-container'><span class='logo avia-svg-logo'><a href='https://ecma-international.org/' class='av-contains-svg' aria-label='Ecma International' ><svg width="340px" height="120px" viewBox="0 0 340 120" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMid meet"> <!-- Generator: Sketch 61.2 (89653) - https://sketch.com --> <title>Artboard</title> <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <g id="Artboard" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="logo" transform="translate(0.000000, 33.000000)"> <g> <polygon id="Fill-1" fill="#D6DDDA" points="2.37476705e-13 53 93 53 93 -1.68198788e-14 2.37476705e-13 -1.68198788e-14"></polygon> <path d="M18.6112101,36.4735248 C17.4356809,35.6533663 15.9602553,34.5375446 14.866516,33.4773267 C13.2975399,32.0546139 12.0156303,30.3185941 11.1196835,28.405604 C11.816234,30.4073465 12.9313564,32.3411881 14.5789149,33.912 C15.850133,34.951901 17.2127633,35.7945149 18.6112101,36.4735248 Z M33.7669309,11.6479604 C32.5358059,9.7809505 30.1777979,8.68009901 27.9117367,7.96045545 C21.1825133,5.3069703 11.590109,10.3669307 10.168141,19.0908713 C10.0767287,19.4972079 9.92597872,20.4269703 9.96286436,21.1225545 C10.5712101,15.7872475 13.8053856,11.1042178 18.1990532,9.11156436 C22.529641,7.03015842 27.6439149,7.39746535 31.1480505,9.86275248 C31.3292713,10.003901 31.5094229,10.1568119 31.6810213,10.3065149 C31.0683989,9.99053465 30.4215638,9.72320792 29.7533457,9.50934653 C27.3830426,8.36679208 24.5631622,7.91340594 21.7598537,8.51489109 C16.2419761,9.3799604 11.2394282,14.4051683 10.3760904,20.6729109 C10.3060612,21.0776436 10.2590186,21.4914653 10.2301516,21.9063564 C10.0644335,21.7860594 9.96286436,21.4914653 9.96286436,21.1225545 C9.8698484,21.5502772 9.8698484,21.978 9.89069681,22.41 C9.83082447,24.4149505 10.2825399,26.4808515 11.1196835,28.405604 C10.7946622,27.4116832 10.5915239,26.407604 10.4803324,25.4051287 C10.879125,27.3582178 11.700766,29.2359208 12.9516702,30.7463168 C13.7738457,31.5921386 14.694383,33.4495248 15.8079016,34.0456634 C20.042266,37.4048911 26.4673165,38.5453069 30.8037846,36.0741386 C31.3971622,35.9142772 31.9889362,35.7431881 32.5235106,35.4336238 C31.8307021,35.6635248 31.0528963,35.8164356 30.4306516,36.0351089 L30.2237713,36.0372475 C30.0446888,36.1388317 29.9554149,36.1874851 29.8640027,36.2377426 C26.6624362,36.6419406 20.1058803,37.3519604 16.0650319,33.9451485 C14.9178351,33.1223168 14.0299069,32.0385743 13.1975745,30.9275644 C13.6225612,31.2184158 14.3078856,31.6124554 14.7211117,32.0471287 C16.7567713,34.0809505 19.5531303,35.9190891 22.2757181,36.1388317 C21.0200027,35.626099 19.941766,35.0165941 18.7539415,34.2974851 C18.1391809,34.0141188 17.1539601,33.8505149 16.7070559,33.3297624 C14.163016,31.1585347 11.9889016,28.9333069 11.5975931,25.5922574 C11.5382553,25.2639802 11.7504814,25.0052079 11.6441011,24.7063366 C12.2855904,28.405604 14.6029707,31.142495 17.5142633,33.3244158 C17.9093138,33.7879604 18.3551489,33.9788317 18.7539415,34.2974851 C19.2628564,34.479802 19.7140372,34.6562376 20.0887739,34.8529901 C24.4113431,36.4687129 25.1821995,34.6963366 29.0583989,34.640198 C27.3103404,35.0839604 24.3220691,35.9014455 22.809758,35.9998218 C25.5286037,36.559604 30.6610532,35.1759208 33.0051622,33.4308119 C35.9191277,31.4413663 35.3343032,31.3520792 36.8391303,28.808198 C36.9706356,28.6007525 37.0989335,28.1270495 37.2069176,27.5533663 C38.1215745,25.7927525 38.6454574,23.7936832 38.6454574,21.6727129 C38.6454574,17.6018614 36.7343537,13.9838614 33.7669309,11.6479604 Z M12.4422207,24.4047921 C12.1866941,22.7548515 12.1107846,21.0690891 12.4662766,19.3940198 C12.4325984,19.723901 12.4053351,19.9896238 12.4208378,20.1163366 C12.2604654,22.1367921 12.415492,23.787802 12.6004548,24.8603168 C12.5539468,24.7170297 12.5020931,24.57 12.4422207,24.4047921 C12.5138537,24.7234455 12.5988511,25.0394257 12.6966782,25.3468515 C12.8575851,26.1028515 13.0067314,26.404396 12.9639654,26.1247723 C14.2565665,29.5123366 16.9828963,32.1267921 20.0059149,33.3613069 C17.0518564,32.994 13.1387713,28.9621782 12.4422207,24.4047921 Z M21.0568883,9.85580198 C18.5866197,10.3717426 16.1698085,11.7367129 14.3950213,14.1549505 C15.5844495,12.648297 17.0032101,11.8377624 18.387758,11.3517624 C18.2626676,11.4426535 18.1413191,11.5340792 18.0210399,11.6276436 C16.9406649,12.2686931 15.9265771,13.0380594 15.0188697,14.0025743 C14.7740346,14.3164158 14.6623085,14.6992277 14.4340452,14.9761782 L13.9497207,15.7065149 C13.3076968,16.3133465 12.9238723,17.0404752 12.5063697,17.8098416 C10.6936277,21.8095842 10.911734,26.7888119 13.399109,30.9756832 C8.90173404,24.747505 10.6759867,15.8471287 15.9987447,11.906198 C18.2134867,10.1584158 20.7805133,9.30564356 23.3010319,9.16609901 C22.5248298,9.32649505 21.775891,9.56227723 21.0568883,9.85580198 Z M29.2273245,34.5001188 C28.8087527,34.5744356 29.4555878,34.3931881 31.3394282,33.2805743 C31.503008,33.1864752 31.6799521,33.0725941 31.8649149,32.9506931 C32.5994202,32.5614653 33.2938324,32.0995248 33.9358564,31.574495 C32.0819521,33.3698614 29.8035957,34.5086733 29.2273245,34.5001188 L29.2273245,34.5001188 Z" id="Fill-2" fill="#FF8000"></path> <path d="M49.8624335,24.5758812 C49.8624335,28.7247921 52.5224761,29.7149703 56.6499255,29.7149703 L63.5571622,29.7149703 L63.5571622,35.8928911 C63.5571622,35.8928911 58.8144176,35.8928911 55.5668777,35.8928911 C47.4023218,35.8928911 42.7296064,33.0298218 42.7296064,22.2244752 C42.7296064,12.8728515 44.2574202,7.95617822 54.8788803,7.95617822 C63.3069814,7.95617822 65.3549362,11.4004158 65.3549362,18.8593663 C65.3549362,20.2783366 65.3549362,24.6304158 65.3549362,24.6304158 L49.8624335,24.5758812 Z M58.666341,18.8898416 C58.666341,16.1545545 58.6797048,13.4791485 54.4843644,13.4791485 C50.3419468,13.4791485 49.8132527,16.0433465 49.8132527,18.8898416 L58.666341,18.8898416 L58.666341,18.8898416 Z" id="Fill-3" fill="#363940"></path> <path d="M117.151995,7.95617822 L93.210008,7.95617822 L93.210008,35.8928911 L99.1961729,35.8928911 L99.1961729,13.9421584 L103.417173,13.9421584 L103.417173,13.944297 C104.854109,13.944297 106.025362,15.0371287 106.178785,16.4357822 L106.178785,35.8928911 L112.164415,35.8928911 L112.164415,13.9421584 L116.35441,13.9421584 L116.35441,13.944297 C117.893449,13.944297 119.146492,15.1969901 119.146492,16.7362574 L119.146492,35.8928911 L125.131053,35.8928911 L125.131053,15.9374851 C125.131053,11.5330099 121.56063,7.95617822 117.151995,7.95617822" id="Fill-4" fill="#363940"></path> <path d="M78.0489415,13.944297 L78.0489415,13.9421584 L89.2220824,13.9421584 L89.2220824,7.95617822 L77.0075904,7.95617822 L77.0033138,7.97114851 C73.0688457,8.08984158 69.8592606,11.0534257 69.3492766,14.8783366 L69.2690904,14.8783366 L69.2690904,27.8479604 L69.3492766,27.8479604 L69.2690904,27.9121188 C69.2690904,32.2321188 72.7106809,35.748 77.0033138,35.8789901 L77.0075904,35.8928911 L89.2220824,35.8928911 L89.2220824,29.9042376 L78.0489415,29.9042376 C76.5077633,29.9042376 75.2552553,28.6515446 75.2552553,27.1101386 L75.2552553,16.7362574 C75.2552553,15.1969901 76.5077633,13.944297 78.0489415,13.944297" id="Fill-5" fill="#363940"></path> <path d="M149.07304,15.9374851 C149.07304,11.5330099 145.500479,7.95617822 141.092378,7.95617822 C138.64563,7.95617822 129.121652,7.95617822 129.121652,7.95617822 L129.121652,13.9421584 L140.295327,13.9421584 L140.295327,13.944297 C142.171684,13.944297 143.088479,15.1969901 143.088479,16.7362574 C143.088479,16.7362574 143.088479,17.1591683 142.2075,17.8526139 C141.065114,18.7476238 136.329854,20.0398812 133.748928,21.0712277 L133.748928,21.0578614 C129.723048,22.4051881 127.873955,24.9196634 127.873955,28.8595248 C127.873955,33.9788317 130.128255,35.9565149 134.558274,35.9565149 L149.07304,35.9565149 C148.944742,32.9506931 149.07304,15.9374851 149.07304,15.9374851 Z M143.088479,30.0534059 C143.088479,30.0534059 136.247529,30.0534059 134.556136,30.0534059 C134.019423,30.0534059 133.707231,30.0534059 133.665535,29.6716634 C133.259258,26.0119604 135.481484,26.1509703 143.088479,23.5295644 L143.088479,30.0534059 L143.088479,30.0534059 Z" id="Fill-6" fill="#363940"></path> <polygon id="Fill-7" fill="#BBC7C1" points="99.2827739 53.4022574 101.079479 53.4022574 101.079479 44.4457426 99.2827739 44.4457426"></polygon> <polyline id="Fill-8" fill="#BBC7C1" points="103.297963 44.4457426 105.505221 44.4457426 108.918479 51.1438812 108.943604 51.1438812 108.943604 44.4457426 110.66333 44.4457426 110.66333 53.4022574 108.469436 53.4022574 105.043883 46.7041188 105.017689 46.7041188 105.017689 53.4022574 103.297963 53.4022574 103.297963 44.4457426"></polyline> <polyline id="Fill-9" fill="#BBC7C1" points="114.666223 45.8566931 112.099731 45.8566931 112.099731 44.4457426 119.027282 44.4457426 119.027282 45.8566931 116.461859 45.8566931 116.461859 53.4022574 114.666223 53.4022574 114.666223 45.8566931"></polyline> <polyline id="Fill-10" fill="#BBC7C1" points="120.555096 44.4457426 125.839899 44.4457426 125.839899 45.8566931 122.350731 45.8566931 122.350731 48.0642772 125.545883 48.0642772 125.545883 49.4757624 122.350731 49.4757624 122.350731 51.9913069 125.866093 51.9913069 125.866093 53.4022574 120.555096 53.4022574 120.555096 44.4457426"></polyline> <path d="M127.918859,44.4457426 L129.855622,44.4457426 C131.78116,44.4457426 134.077157,44.3815842 134.077157,46.870396 C134.077157,47.9231287 133.370984,48.7956832 132.230202,48.9491287 L132.230202,48.9753267 C132.717734,49.0132871 132.999455,49.5014257 133.179072,49.8997426 L134.615473,53.4022574 L132.614027,53.4022574 L131.536859,50.6044158 C131.279729,49.937703 131.049327,49.6810693 130.29237,49.6810693 L129.714495,49.6810693 L129.714495,53.4022574 L127.918859,53.4022574 L127.918859,44.4457426 Z M129.714495,48.2695842 L130.305734,48.2695842 C131.18992,48.2695842 132.204008,48.1407327 132.204008,47.0249109 C132.204008,45.9465149 131.203819,45.8566931 130.305734,45.8566931 L129.714495,45.8566931 L129.714495,48.2695842 L129.714495,48.2695842 Z" id="Fill-11" fill="#BBC7C1"></path> <polyline id="Fill-12" fill="#BBC7C1" points="136.206902 44.4457426 138.41416 44.4457426 141.826348 51.1438812 141.852543 51.1438812 141.852543 44.4457426 143.570665 44.4457426 143.570665 53.4022574 141.377306 53.4022574 137.951753 46.7041188 137.926628 46.7041188 137.926628 53.4022574 136.206902 53.4022574 136.206902 44.4457426"></polyline> <path d="M148.510668,44.4457426 L150.537239,44.4457426 L154.052601,53.4022574 L152.064519,53.4022574 L151.294197,51.3486535 L147.663902,51.3486535 L146.88075,53.4022574 L145.020965,53.4022574 L148.510668,44.4457426 Z M149.498027,46.2421782 L149.472902,46.2421782 L148.176024,49.937703 L150.793835,49.937703 L149.498027,46.2421782 L149.498027,46.2421782 Z" id="Fill-13" fill="#BBC7C1"></path> <polyline id="Fill-14" fill="#BBC7C1" points="156.197314 45.8566931 153.631891 45.8566931 153.631891 44.4457426 160.559441 44.4457426 160.559441 45.8566931 157.994019 45.8566931 157.994019 53.4022574 156.197314 53.4022574 156.197314 45.8566931"></polyline> <polygon id="Fill-15" fill="#BBC7C1" points="161.932229 53.4022574 163.727864 53.4022574 163.727864 44.4457426 161.932229 44.4457426"></polygon> <path d="M169.989335,44.2917624 C172.799059,44.2917624 174.376588,46.1908515 174.376588,48.8983366 C174.376588,51.6058218 172.825253,53.555703 169.989335,53.555703 C167.114928,53.555703 165.601013,51.6443168 165.601013,48.8983366 C165.601013,46.1523564 167.141122,44.2917624 169.989335,44.2917624 Z M169.989335,52.1447525 C171.823995,52.1447525 172.503439,50.5151287 172.503439,48.8983366 C172.503439,47.3200396 171.772676,45.7032475 169.989335,45.7032475 C168.205995,45.7032475 167.474162,47.3200396 167.474162,48.8983366 C167.474162,50.5151287 168.15521,52.1447525 169.989335,52.1447525 L169.989335,52.1447525 Z" id="Fill-16" fill="#BBC7C1"></path> <polyline id="Fill-17" fill="#BBC7C1" points="176.31442 44.4457426 178.520609 44.4457426 181.933867 51.1438812 181.960061 51.1438812 181.960061 44.4457426 183.678718 44.4457426 183.678718 53.4022574 181.484824 53.4022574 178.059271 46.7041188 178.034146 46.7041188 178.034146 53.4022574 176.31442 53.4022574 176.31442 44.4457426"></polyline> <path d="M188.618186,44.4457426 L190.644758,44.4457426 L194.16012,53.4022574 L192.172037,53.4022574 L191.401715,51.3486535 L187.77142,51.3486535 L186.988269,53.4022574 L185.129019,53.4022574 L188.618186,44.4457426 Z M189.605545,46.2421782 L189.580955,46.2421782 L188.284077,49.937703 L190.901354,49.937703 L189.605545,46.2421782 L189.605545,46.2421782 Z" id="Fill-18" fill="#BBC7C1"></path> <polyline id="Fill-19" fill="#BBC7C1" points="195.700229 44.4457426 197.495864 44.4457426 197.495864 51.9913069 200.972737 51.9913069 200.972737 53.4022574 195.700229 53.4022574 195.700229 44.4457426"></polyline> </g> </g> </g> </svg></a></span><nav class='main_menu' data-selectname='Select a page' role="navigation" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" ><div class="avia-menu av-main-nav-wrap"><ul role="menu" class="menu av-main-nav" id="avia-menu"><li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-16680" class="menu-ecma-about menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-1"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/mission/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">About Ecma</span><span class="avia-menu-fx"><span class="avia-arrow-wrap"><span class="avia-arrow"></span></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-4970" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/mission/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Mission</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-4969" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/areas-of-work/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Areas of work</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-14705" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/organisation/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Organisation</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-14706" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/members/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Members</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-4966" class="menu-ecma-meeting-calendar menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/meeting-calendar/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Meeting calendar</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-4965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/about-ecma/history/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">History</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-14081" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/ecma-fellow-awards-and-ecma-recognition-awards/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Awards</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-4963" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/about-ecma/join-ecma/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Join Ecma</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-16643" class="menu-ecma-publications menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-2"><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Publications and standards</span><span class="avia-menu-fx"><span class="avia-arrow-wrap"><span class="avia-arrow"></span></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-51" class="menu-ecma-standards menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Standards</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-86" class="menu-ecma-technical-reports menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/technical-reports/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Technical Reports</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-4938" class="menu-ecma-mementos menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/mementos/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Mementos</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-6177" class="menu-ecma-get-involved menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/about-ecma/join-ecma/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Get involved</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-5958" class="menu-ecma-committees menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-3"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/technical-committees/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Committees</span><span class="avia-menu-fx"><span class="avia-arrow-wrap"><span class="avia-arrow"></span></span></span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-4934" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-4"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/policies/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Policies</span><span class="avia-menu-fx"><span class="avia-arrow-wrap"><span class="avia-arrow"></span></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-5797" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/policies/by-laws/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Ecma By-laws</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-12802" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/policies/rules/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Ecma Rules</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-5798" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/policies/by-ipr/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Ecma IPR policies</span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-14095" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/policies/ecma_awards_policy/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Ecma awards policy</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-5907" class="menu-ecma-news menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-5"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">News</span><span class="avia-menu-fx"><span class="avia-arrow-wrap"><span class="avia-arrow"></span></span></span></a></li> <li role="menuitem" id="menu-item-4932" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-6"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/contact/" itemprop="url" tabindex="0"><span class="avia-bullet"></span><span class="avia-menu-text">Contact</span><span class="avia-menu-fx"><span class="avia-arrow-wrap"><span class="avia-arrow"></span></span></span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-search" class="noMobile menu-item menu-item-search-dropdown menu-item-avia-special" role="menuitem"><a aria-label="Search" href="?s=" rel="nofollow" data-avia-search-tooltip=" <search> <form role="search" action="https://ecma-international.org/" id="searchform" method="get" class=""> <div> <input type="submit" value="" id="searchsubmit" class="button avia-font-entypo-fontello" title="Enter at least 3 characters to show search results in a dropdown or click to route to search result page to show all results" /> <input type="search" id="s" name="s" value="" aria-label='Search' placeholder='Search' required /> </div> </form> </search> " aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><span class="avia_hidden_link_text">Search</span></a></li><li class="av-burger-menu-main menu-item-avia-special " role="menuitem"> <a href="#" aria-label="Menu" aria-hidden="false"> <span class="av-hamburger av-hamburger--spin av-js-hamburger"> <span class="av-hamburger-box"> <span class="av-hamburger-inner"></span> <strong>Menu</strong> </span> </span> <span class="avia_hidden_link_text">Menu</span> </a> </li></ul></div></nav></div> </div> <!-- end container_wrap--> </div> <div class="header_bg"></div> <!-- end header --> </header> <div id='main' class='all_colors' data-scroll-offset='120'> <div class='main_color container_wrap_first container_wrap fullsize' ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main role="main" itemprop="mainContentOfPage" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Blog" class='template-page content av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-17831'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'></div></div></main><!-- close content main element --></div></div> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-k57yxcqr-ad96bc813c8793158f1217e0398cccf8"> .avia-section.av-k57yxcqr-ad96bc813c8793158f1217e0398cccf8{ background-repeat:no-repeat; background-image:url(https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/bg-history.jpg); background-position:50% 50%; background-attachment:scroll; } </style> <div id='av_section_1' class='avia-section av-k57yxcqr-ad96bc813c8793158f1217e0398cccf8 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling intro avia-full-stretch avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize' data-section-bg-repeat='stretch'><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-17831'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-7svsy-7c17f3cb1ca746b60b51228964a771d1"> .flex_column.av-7svsy-7c17f3cb1ca746b60b51228964a771d1{ border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px; } </style> <div class='flex_column av-7svsy-7c17f3cb1ca746b60b51228964a771d1 av_three_fourth first flex_column_div av-animated-generic fade-in av-zero-column-padding ' ><section class='av_textblock_section av-k57yybuw-2966b017deffda49b55cd35fed77c333 ' itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_textblock' itemprop="text" ><h1>News</h1> <p>Ecma news, press releases and communications</p> </div></section></div></div></div></div><!-- close content main div --></div></div><div id='av_section_2' class='avia-section av-2k564u-ec38f269e6cf0249d111b69b9bf49ea8 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize' ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-17831'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'> <section class="avia_codeblock_section avia_code_block_0" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" ><div class='avia_codeblock ' itemprop="text" ><ul class="news-list mb-50 "><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/establishing-new-global-standards-for-novel-storage-device-architectures/"><span class="date">October 2024</span><span>Ecma International and the Open Compute Project announce a new collaboration</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-enables-innovative-research-between-the-korean-kaist-research-group-and-tc39-ecmascript/"><span class="date">July 2024</span><span>Ecma International enables innovative research between the Korean KAIST research group and Ecma TC39</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-approves-new-standards-9/"><span class="date">July 2024</span><span>Ecma International approves new standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-new-standard-ecma-424-on-cyclonedx-bill-of-materials/"><span class="date">July 2024</span><span>Ecma new standard ECMA-424 on CycloneDX Bill of Materials</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-welcomes-new-members-8/"><span class="date">June 2024</span><span>Ecma International welcomes new members</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-has-published-its-annual-yearbook-ecma-memento-2024/"><span class="date">January 2024</span><span>Ecma International has published its annual yearbook Ecma Memento 2024</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-recognition-awards-honour-taku-hoshizawa-myles-borins-shane-f-carr-and-dr-mark-miller-for-their-contributions-and-services-to-ecma/"><span class="date">December 2023</span><span>Ecma recognition awards honour Taku Hoshizawa, Myles Borins, Shane F. Carr and Mark Miller for their contributions and services to Ecma</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-approves-new-standards-8/"><span class="date">December 2023</span><span>Ecma International approves new standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-welcomes-new-members-7/"><span class="date">December 2023</span><span>Ecma International welcomes new members</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/invitation-and-agenda-to-ecma-tc53-workshop-on-the-future-of-embedded-software-in-cupertino-on-6-december-2023/"><span class="date">November 2023</span><span>Agenda of Ecma TC53 workshop on the future of embedded software on 6 December 2023</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/invitation-to-ecma-workshop-on-opportunities-for-data-and-cloud-standardizationin-cupertino-usa-on-7-december-2023/"><span class="date">November 2023</span><span>Postponed to a later date – Workshop on opportunities for data and cloud standardization</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/owasp-foundation-is-keen-to-join-ecma-international/"><span class="date">October 2023</span><span>OWASP Foundation is keen to join Ecma International</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-tc39-ecmascript-initiates-a-new-task-group-to-standardize-source-maps/"><span class="date">October 2023</span><span>Ecma TC39 “ECMAScript®” initiates a new task group to standardize source maps</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/invitation_to-ecma_tc53_workshop_in_cupertino_6_december_2023/"><span class="date">October 2023</span><span>Invitation to Ecma TC53 workshop in Cupertino, USA, on 6 December 2023</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/collaboration-between-w3c-and-ecma-international/"><span class="date">September 2023</span><span>Collaboration between W3C and Ecma International – A presentation by Ecma Secretary General and Vice-President</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/september-25th-javascript-community-event-in-tokyo-japan/"><span class="date">September 2023</span><span>JavaScript community event in Tokyo, Japan on 25 September 2023</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/press-release-ecma-international-appoints-samina-husain-to-secretary-general/"><span class="date">July 2023</span><span>PRESS RELEASE – Ecma International appoints Samina Husain to Secretary General</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-423_holographic_data_storage_disk/"><span class="date">July 2023</span><span>Ecma new standard ECMA-423 on physical, optical and mechanical characteristics of a holographic data storage disk</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-recognition-award-honour-olaf-wilke-for-his-contributions-and-services-to-ecma/"><span class="date">June 2023</span><span>Ecma recognition award honour Olaf Wilke for his contributions and services to Ecma</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-welcomes-new-member-at-the-june-2023-general-assembly/"><span class="date">June 2023</span><span>Ecma International welcomes new member</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-approves-new-standards-at-the-125th-general-assembly-27-june-2023/"><span class="date">June 2023</span><span>Ecma International approves new standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/workshop-on-opportunities-for-data-and-cloud-standardization/"><span class="date">May 2023</span><span>Workshop on opportunities for data and cloud standardization</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-has-published-its-annual-yearbook-ecma-memento-2023/"><span class="date">January 2023</span><span>Ecma International has published its annual yearbook Ecma Memento 2023</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-recognition-awards-honour-isabelle-valet-harper-and-rex-jaeschke-for-their-contributions-and-services-to-ecma/"><span class="date">December 2022</span><span>Ecma recognition awards honour Isabelle Valet-Harper and Rex Jaeschke for their contributions and services to Ecma</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-approves-new-standards-7/"><span class="date">December 2022</span><span>Ecma International approves new standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-welcomes-new-members-6/"><span class="date">December 2022</span><span>Ecma International welcomes new members</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-recognition-awards-honour-koji-fusa-and-joel-marcey-for-their-contributions-and-services-to-ecma/"><span class="date">June 2022</span><span>Ecma recognition awards honour Koji Fusa and Joel Marcey for their contributions and services to Ecma</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-approves-new-standards-6/"><span class="date">June 2022</span><span>Ecma International approves new standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-tc51-joins-itu-t-jca-on-digital-covid-19-certificates/"><span class="date">June 2022</span><span>Ecma TC51 joins ITU-T JCA on digital Covid-19 certificates</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-president-jochen-friedrich-presenting-on-ai-standardization-supporting-regulatory-needs-during-the-inaugural-iso-iec-ai-workshop/"><span class="date">May 2022</span><span>Ecma President presenting on AI standardization supporting regulatory needs during the inaugural ISO/IEC AI Workshop</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/recruitment-of-a-new-secretary-general-for-ecma-international/"><span class="date">May 2022</span><span>Recruitment of a new Secretary General for Ecma International</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-has-published-its-annual-yearbook-ecma-memento-2022/"><span class="date">January 2022</span><span>Ecma International has published its annual yearbook Ecma Memento 2022</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-recognition-awards-honour-aki-braun-and-andre-bargull-for-their-contributions-and-services-to-ecma/"><span class="date">December 2021</span><span>Ecma recognition awards honour Aki Rose Braun and André Bargull for their contributions and services to Ecma</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-approves-new-standards-5/"><span class="date">December 2021</span><span>Ecma International approves new standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-welcomes-new-members-5/"><span class="date">December 2021</span><span>Ecma International welcomes new members</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/us-national-academy-of-engineering-publication-highlights-ecma-tc26-noise-standards/"><span class="date">November 2021</span><span>US National Academy of Engineering publication highlights Ecma TC26 noise standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/psychoacoustic-analyses-according-to-ecma-418-2-presented-at-inter-noise-2021/"><span class="date">November 2021</span><span>Psychoacoustic Analyses according to ECMA-418-2 presented at INTER-NOISE 2021</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-approves-new-edition-of-ecma-417-standard/"><span class="date">August 2021</span><span>Ecma International approves new edition of ECMA-417 Standard</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-tc39-ecmascript-has-formed-a-new-task-group-tg3-dedicated-to-the-security-of-the-ecmascript-javascript-language/"><span class="date">July 2021</span><span>Ecma TC39 new Task Group dedicated to the security of the ECMAScript (JavaScript) language</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-recognition-awards-honour-carol-eidt-jordan-harband-and-toyoshige-nohnishi/"><span class="date">June 2021</span><span>Ecma recognition awards honour Carol Eidt, Jordan Harband and Toyoshige Nohnishi for their contributions and services to Ecma</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-welcomes-new-members-4/"><span class="date">June 2021</span><span>Ecma International welcomes new members</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-approves-new-standards-4/"><span class="date">June 2021</span><span>Ecma International approves new standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-celebrates-its-60th-anniversary/"><span class="date">June 2021</span><span>Ecma International celebrates its 60th Anniversary</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-tc51-committee-is-calling-for-participation-and-for-feedback-from-interested-stakeholders-on-the-development-of-a-vaccine-passport-international-standardization/"><span class="date">March 2021</span><span>Call for participation on vaccine passport international standardization</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-secretary-general-presented-on-the-role-of-standards-in-open-source-at-openforum-europe-ofe/"><span class="date">March 2021</span><span>Ecma Secretary General presented on the role of standards in Open Source at OpenForum Europe (OFE)</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-has-published-its-annual-yearbook-ecma-memento-2021/"><span class="date">January 2021</span><span>Ecma International has published its annual yearbook Ecma Memento 2021</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-launches-its-new-website/"><span class="date">January 2021</span><span>Ecma International launches its new website</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-120th-general-assembly-held-as-a-virtual-meeting-on-december-9-2020/"><span class="date">December 2020</span><span>Ecma recognition awards honour Bob Hellweg, Shouichi Nakano and Charlie Oppenheimer for their contributions and services to Ecma</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/new-members-welcomed-at-the-120th-general-assembly-held-on-december-9-2020/"><span class="date">December 2020</span><span>Ecma International welcomes new members</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/new-standards-adopted-at-the-120th-general-assembly-held-as-a-virtual-meeting-on-december-9-2020/"><span class="date">December 2020</span><span>Ecma International approves new standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/w3c-workshop-about-machine-learning-apis-in-ecmascript-javascript/"><span class="date">September 2020</span><span>W3C workshop about Machine Learning APIs in ECMAScript/JavaScript</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-119th-general-assembly-held-as-a-virtual-meeting-on-june-16-2020/"><span class="date">June 2020</span><span>Ecma recognition awards honour Caroline Arms and Leonardo Balter for their contributions and services to Ecma</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-welcomes-new-members/"><span class="date">June 2020</span><span>Ecma International welcomes new members</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-approves-new-standards/"><span class="date">June 2020</span><span>Ecma International approves new standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/the-presentations-given-at-the-tc53-seminar-in-tokyo-on-a-modern-approach-to-embedded-software-are-available/"><span class="date">March 2020</span><span>The presentations given at the TC53 seminar in Tokyo on a modern approach to embedded software are available</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/standardization-at-ecma-international/"><span class="date">February 2020</span><span>A short presentation to explain standardization at Ecma, its process, cooperation with Open Source, liaisons and more</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/an-article-on-ecma-international-activities-in-ieee-communication-standards-magazine/"><span class="date">January 2020</span><span>An article on Ecma International activities in IEEE Communication Standards magazine</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-has-published-its-annual-yearbook-ecma-memento-2020/"><span class="date">January 2020</span><span>Ecma International has published its annual yearbook Ecma Memento 2020</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-118th-general-assembly-held-in-tokyo-december-10-2019/"><span class="date">December 2019</span><span>Ecma recognition awards honour Masakazu Ito, Yoshinobu Mitsuhashi and Yulia Startsev for their contributions and services to Ecma</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-welcomes-new-members-2/"><span class="date">December 2019</span><span>Ecma International welcomes new members</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-approves-new-standards-2/"><span class="date">December 2019</span><span>Ecma International approves new standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/a-meetup-by-ecma-tc53-and-moddable-on-wednesday-11-december-2019-tokyo-japan/"><span class="date">December 2019</span><span>A meetup by Ecma TC53 and Moddable on Wednesday 11 December 2019 Tokyo, Japan</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/dr-istvan-sebestyen-past-secretary-general-of-ecma-participated-in-a-panel-discussion-and-presented-on-the-role-of-standards-in-open-source-at-the-workshop-about-open-source-beyond-2020/"><span class="date">November 2019</span><span>Dr Istvan Sebestyen, Past Secretary General of Ecma, participated in a panel discussion and presented on the role of standards in Open Source at the Workshop about Open Source beyond 2020</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/invitation-to-ecma-tc53-seminar-tokyo-11-december-2019-10-00-12-00/"><span class="date">November 2019</span><span>Invitation to Ecma TC53 seminar, Tokyo, 11 December 2019, 10.00-12.00</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-tc53-meets-in-boston-usa-with-a-new-title-and-scope-to-more-accurately-reflect-the-focus-of-the-technical-committee/"><span class="date">October 2019</span><span>Ecma TC53 meets in Boston, USA with a new title and scope to more accurately reflect the focus of the technical committee</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-general-assembly-appoints-patrick-luthi-as-secretary-general/"><span class="date">August 2019</span><span>Ecma General Assembly appoints Patrick Luthi as Secretary General</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-fellow-awards-presented-to-donald-baines-and-kei-yamashita-for-their-contributions-to-ecma-standards/"><span class="date">August 2019</span><span>Ecma Fellow awards presented to Donald Baines and Kei Yamashita for their contributions to Ecma standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-welcomes-new-members-3/"><span class="date">June 2019</span><span>Ecma International welcomes new members</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-approves-new-standards-3/"><span class="date">June 2019</span><span>Ecma International approves new standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-joined-electrosuisse-2/"><span class="date">June 2019</span><span>Ecma International joined Electrosuisse</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-sg-gave-a-talk-in-the-dlm-forum-annual-general-meeting-may-21-22-2019-in-bern-switzerland/"><span class="date">May 2019</span><span>Ecma SG gave a talk in the DLM Forum Annual General Meeting (May 21-22, 2019) in Bern, Switzerland</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-tc39-ecmascript-has-formally-now-a-new-task-group-tg2/"><span class="date">April 2019</span><span>Ecma TC39 (ECMAScript) has formally now a new Task Group (TG2)</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-tc39-ecmascript-and-tc53-wearables-are-now-royalty-free-technical-committees-rftcs/"><span class="date">April 2019</span><span>Ecma TC39 (ECMAScript) and TC53 (Wearables) are now “Royalty Free Technical Committees (RFTCs)”</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-tc39-ecmascript-has-formally-now-a-new-task-group-tg2-2/"><span class="date">April 2019</span><span>Ecma TC39 (ECMAScript) has formally now a new Task Group (TG2)</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-has-published-its-annual-yearbook-ecma-memento-2019/"><span class="date">February 2019</span><span>Ecma International has published its annual yearbook Ecma Memento 2019</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/former-ecma-president-and-friend-of-many-mr-john-neumann-passed-away/"><span class="date">January 2019</span><span>Former Ecma President and friend of many, Mr. John Neumann passed away</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-fellow-awards-presented-to-brendan-eich-and-allen-wirfs-brock-for-their-contributions-to-the-ecmascript-standard/"><span class="date">January 2019</span><span>Ecma Fellow awards presented to Brendan Eich and Allen Wirfs-Brock for their contributions to the ECMAScript standard</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/rex-jaeschke-ecma-anders-sandholm-google-and-reinhard-meindl-nxp-have-received-the-ecma-recognition-award/"><span class="date">January 2019</span><span>Rex Jaeschke (Ecma), Anders Sandholm (Google) and Reinhard Meindl (NXP) have received the Ecma recognition award</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/extension-of-the-rf-ecma-patent-policy-option-also-to-royalty-free-tcs/"><span class="date">January 2019</span><span>Extension of the RF Ecma Patent Policy Option also to “Royalty Free TCs”</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/results-of-the-116th-general-assembly-held-in-boston-december-12-2018/"><span class="date">December 2018</span><span>Results of the 116th General Assembly held in Boston, December 12, 2018</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-sg-participated-in-the-fifth-world-internet-conference/"><span class="date">November 2018</span><span>Ecma SG participated in the fifth World Internet Conference</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/discussion-topics-for-the-inaugural-meeting-of-ecma-tc53-in-boston-usa-on-15-16-october-2018/"><span class="date">October 2018</span><span>Discussion topics for the inaugural meeting of Ecma TC53 in Boston (USA) on 15-16 October 2018</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/tc53-on-smart-wearable-systems-and-sensor-based-devices-inaugural-meeting/"><span class="date">September 2018</span><span>TC53 on Smart Wearable Systems and Sensor-Based Devices inaugural meeting</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/launching-of-the-ecma-fellow-award-program/"><span class="date">September 2018</span><span>Launching of the Ecma Fellow award program</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/results-of-the-115th-general-assembly-held-in-geneva-june-27-2018/"><span class="date">June 2018</span><span>Results of the 115th General Assembly held in Geneva, June 27, 2018</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/loss-of-an-ecma-friend-and-former-ecma-president-dr-paul-weijenbergh/"><span class="date">May 2018</span><span>Loss of an Ecma friend and former Ecma President, Dr. Paul Weijenbergh</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/call-for-participation-royalty-free-animated-jpeg-standardization-proposal/"><span class="date">May 2018</span><span>Call for participation Royalty-Free Animated JPEG Standardization Proposal</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/new-ecma-wearable-tc-introduction-and-call-for-participation/"><span class="date">April 2018</span><span>New Ecma Wearable TC introduction and call for participation</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-has-published-its-annual-yearbook-ecma-memento-2018/"><span class="date">February 2018</span><span>Ecma International has published its annual yearbook Ecma Memento 2018</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/kei-yamashita-hitachi-ecma-international-president-receives-ecma-award-of-appreciation/"><span class="date">January 2018</span><span>Kei Yamashita (Hitachi) – Ecma International President receives – Ecma Award of Appreciation</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/the-fourth-world-internet-conference-was-held-on-december-3-5-2017-in-the-east-china-town-of-wuzhen/"><span class="date">December 2017</span><span>The fourth World Internet Conference was held on December 3-5, 2017 in the East China town of Wuzhen</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/imtc-presents-lifetime-achievement-award-to-ecma-secretary-general/"><span class="date">December 2017</span><span>IMTC presents lifetime achievement award to Ecma Secretary General</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-114th-general-assembly-held-in-tokyo-december-6-2017/"><span class="date">December 2017</span><span>Last results of the 114th General Assembly held in Tokyo, December 6, 2017</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/sead-connected-efficiency-award-goes-to-ecma-tc38/"><span class="date">November 2017</span><span>SEAD Connected Efficiency Award goes to Ecma TC38</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-262-the-ecmascript-javascript-the-most-popular-web-scripting-standard-is-celebrating-its-20th-birthday/"><span class="date">September 2017</span><span>ECMA-262: The ECMAScript (JavaScript) – the most popular web scripting standard – is celebrating its 20th birthday</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-secretary-general-honoured-with-jpeg-award/"><span class="date">August 2017</span><span>Ecma Secretary General honoured with JPEG award</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-113th-general-assembly-held-in-montreux-june-27-2017/"><span class="date">June 2017</span><span>Last results of the 113th General Assembly held in Montreux, June 27, 2017</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-has-published-its-annual-yearbook-ecma-memento-2017/"><span class="date">January 2017</span><span>Ecma International has published its annual yearbook Ecma Memento 2017</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/presentations-from-the-epfl-ecma-international-summit-on-smart-wearable-systems-13-14-october-2016-are-now-also-available-on-youtube/"><span class="date">January 2017</span><span>Presentations from the EPFL – Ecma International Summit on Smart Wearable Systems (13-14 October 2016) are now also available on YouTube</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-112th-general-assembly-held-in-santa-clara-december-7-2016/"><span class="date">December 2016</span><span>Last results of the 112th General Assembly held in Santa Clara, December 7, 2016</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/presentations-from-the-epfl-ecma-international-summit-on-smart-wearable-systems-13-14-october-2016-are-available/"><span class="date">September 2016</span><span>Time to register to the EPFL – Ecma International Summit on Smart Wearable Systems (13-14 October 2016)</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/international-summit-on-smart-wearable-systems/"><span class="date">July 2016</span><span>International summit on smart wearable systems</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-111th-general-assembly-held-in-montreux-june-14-2016/"><span class="date">June 2016</span><span>Last results of the 111th General Assembly held in Montreux, June 14, 2016</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/new-ad-hoc-group-on-sensors-in-wearable-and-small-intelligent-devices/"><span class="date">April 2016</span><span>New Ad hoc Group on sensors in wearable and small intelligent devices</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-has-published-its-annual-yearbook-ecma-memento-2016/"><span class="date">January 2016</span><span>Ecma International has published its annual yearbook Ecma Memento 2016</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-110th-general-assembly-held-in-tokyo-december-9-2015/"><span class="date">December 2015</span><span>Last results of the 110th General Assembly held in Tokyo, December 9, 2015</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/on-17-june-2015-the-109th-ecma-general-assembly-approved-new-editions-of-standards-ecma-370-and-ecma-400/"><span class="date">September 2015</span><span>On 17 June 2015, the 109th Ecma General Assembly approved new editions of Standards ECMA-370 and ECMA-400</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/at-the-17-june-2015-ecma-general-assembly-in-montreux-ecma-published-1st-edition-of-access-systems-standards/"><span class="date">August 2015</span><span>At the 17 June 2015 Ecma General Assembly in Montreux, Ecma published 1st edition of Access Systems standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/on-17-june-2015-the-109th-ecma-general-assembly-approved-new-editions-of-nfc-standards/"><span class="date">August 2015</span><span>On 17 June 2015, the 109th Ecma General Assembly approved new editions of NFC Standards</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/at-the-june-17-2015-ecma-general-assembly-in-montreux-ecma-tr-107-1st-edition-an-alternate-background-noise-correction-sensitive-to-the-steadiness-of-background-noise-has-been-adopted/"><span class="date">July 2015</span><span>At the June 17, 2015 Ecma General Assembly in Montreux, ECMA TR/107 1st edition “An alternate background noise correction sensitive to the steadiness of background noise” has been adopted</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/at-the-june-17-2015-ecma-general-assembly-in-montreux-ecma-262-6th-edition-ecmascript-2015-language-specification-and-ecma-402-2nd-edition-ecmascript-2015-internationalization-api-ha/"><span class="date">July 2015</span><span>At the June 17, 2015 Ecma General Assembly in Montreux, ECMA-262 6th edition – ECMAScript® 2015 Language Specification and ECMA-402 2nd edition – ECMAScript® 2015 Internationalization API have been adopted</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/at-the-june-17-2015-ecma-general-assembly-in-montreux-ecma-408-3rd-edition-the-dart-programming-language-specification-has-been-adopted/"><span class="date">June 2015</span><span>At the June 17, 2015 Ecma General Assembly in Montreux, ECMA-408 3rd edition – the Dart programming language specification – has been adopted</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/at-the-june-17-2015-ecma-general-assembly-in-montreux-the-experimental-tc39-and-tc52-ecma-royalty-free-rf-patent-policy-has-become-formal-ecma-wide-patent-policy-option-and-the-experiment/"><span class="date">June 2015</span><span>At the June 17, 2015 Ecma General Assembly in Montreux the “experimental” TC39 and TC52 Ecma Royalty-Free (RF) patent policy has become “formal” Ecma-wide patent policy option and the “experimental” TC39 software copyright policy has been promoted to a “formal” Ecma-wide software copyright policy.</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-109th-general-assembly-held-in-montreux-june-17-2015/"><span class="date">June 2015</span><span>Last results of the 109th General Assembly held in Montreux, June 17, 2015</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-has-published-its-annual-yearbook-ecma-memento-2015/"><span class="date">January 2015</span><span>Ecma International has published its annual yearbook Ecma Memento 2015</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-108th-general-assembly-held-in-sapporo-december-11-2014/"><span class="date">December 2014</span><span>Last results of the 108th General Assembly held in Sapporo, December 11, 2014</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/the-worlds-first-3d-audio-standard-ecma-407-showcased-in-ibc-2014s-future-zone/"><span class="date">September 2014</span><span>The world’s first 3D audio Standard ECMA-407 showcased in IBC 2014’s “future zone”</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/a-tc39-ecmascript-panel-discussion-will-be-held-in-boston-on-september-23-2014/"><span class="date">September 2014</span><span>A TC39 (ECMAScript) panel discussion will be held in Boston on September 23, 2014.</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-joined-electrosuisse/"><span class="date">September 2014</span><span>PRESS RELEASE – Ecma publishes the world’s first 3D audio standard ECMA‑407:”Scalable Sparse Spatial Sound System (S5) – Base S5 Coding”</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-107th-general-assembly-held-in-heidelberg-june-25-2014/"><span class="date">June 2014</span><span>Last results of the 107th General Assembly held in Heidelberg, June 25, 2014</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/2013-download-statistics-from-the-ecma-public-website/"><span class="date">February 2014</span><span>2013 Download Statistics from the Ecma Public Website</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-has-published-its-annual-yearbook-ecma-memento-2014/"><span class="date">January 2014</span><span>Ecma International has published its annual yearbook Ecma Memento 2014</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-106th-general-assembly-held-in-las-vegas-december-10-2013/"><span class="date">December 2013</span><span>Last results of the 106th General Assembly held in Las Vegas, December 10, 2013</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/presentation-to-imtc-20th-anniversary-forum-porto-october-2013-by-mr-clemens-par-convenor-of-ecma-tc32-tg22/"><span class="date">November 2013</span><span>Presentation to IMTC 20th Anniversary Forum, Porto, October 2013 by Mr. Clemens Par (Convenor of Ecma TC32-TG22)</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/panel-discussion-at-bocoup-in-boston-about-the-javascript-ecmascript-ecma-262-language/"><span class="date">September 2013</span><span>Panel discussion at Bocoup in Boston about the JavaScript (ECMAScript – ECMA-262) language</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-workshop-on-dart/"><span class="date">September 2013</span><span>Ecma workshop on Dart</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-107th-general-assembly-held-in-nice-june-11-2013/"><span class="date">June 2013</span><span>Last results of the 105th General Assembly held in Nice, June 11, 2013</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-recognition-to-jtc-1-on-their-25-years-anniversary/"><span class="date">May 2013</span><span>Ecma recognition to JTC 1 on their 25 years Anniversary</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/loss-of-two-ecma-friends-and-collaborators-mr-francois-le-carvennec-and-mr-mike-deese/"><span class="date">March 2013</span><span>Loss of two Ecma friends and collaborators Mr. Francois Le Carvennec and Mr. Mike Deese</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/new-ecma-technical-report-tr-106-guidance-and-comparison-between-60950-1-and-62368-1/"><span class="date">March 2013</span><span>New Ecma Technical Report TR/106 “Guidance and Comparison between 60950-1 and 62368-1”</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-has-published-its-annual-yearbook-ecma-memento-2013/"><span class="date">March 2013</span><span>Ecma International has published its annual yearbook Ecma Memento 2013</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-104th-general-assembly-held-in-nice-december-12-2012/"><span class="date">December 2012</span><span>Last results of the 104th General Assembly held in Nice, December 12, 2012</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-103rd-general-assembly-held-in-vienna-june-25-2012/"><span class="date">June 2012</span><span>Last results of the 103rd General Assembly held in Vienna, June 25, 2012</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-102nd-general-assembly-held-in-san-francisco-december-6-2011/"><span class="date">December 2011</span><span>Last results of the 102nd General Assembly held in San Francisco, December 6, 2011</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-celebrates-its-50th-anniversary/"><span class="date">June 2011</span><span>Ecma International celebrates its 50th anniversary</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-101st-general-assembly-held-in-divonne-june-29-2011/"><span class="date">June 2011</span><span>Last results of the 101st General Assembly held in Divonne, June 29, 2011</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-publishes-new-standard-on-test-method-for-the-estimation-of-lifetime-of-optical-media-for-long-term-data-storage/"><span class="date">March 2011</span><span>Ecma publishes new Standard on Test Method for the Estimation of Lifetime of Optical Media for Long-term Data Storage</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-100th-general-assembly-held-in-montreux-december-8-2010/"><span class="date">December 2010</span><span>Last results of the 100th General Assembly held in Montreux, December 8, 2010</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/last-results-of-the-99th-general-assembly-held-in-tokyo-june-17-2010/"><span class="date">June 2010</span><span>Last results of the 99th General Assembly held in Tokyo, June 17, 2010</span></a></li><li><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/ecma-international-approves-major-revision-of-ecmascript/"><span class="date">December 2009</span><span>Ecma International approves major revision of ECMAScript</span></a></li></ul></div></section> </p> </div></div></div><!-- close content main div --> <!-- section close by builder template --> </div><!--end builder template--></div><!-- close default .container_wrap element --> <div class='container_wrap footer_color' id='footer'> <div class='container'> <div class='flex_column av_one_fourth first el_before_av_one_fourth'><section id="text-2" class="widget clearfix widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p><strong>Ecma International</strong><br /> Rue du Rhône 114<br /> 1204 Geneva<br /> Switzerland</p> </div> <span class="seperator extralight-border"></span></section></div><div class='flex_column av_one_fourth el_after_av_one_fourth el_before_av_one_fourth '><section id="nav_menu-2" class="widget clearfix widget_nav_menu"><div class="menu-footer-menu-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-16688" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-16688"><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/mission/">About Ecma</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16644" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-16644"><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/">Publications and standards</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4982" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4982"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/policies/">Policies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4984" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4984"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6219" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6219"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/technical-committees/">Committees</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6217" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6217"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/news/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16639" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16639"><a href="https://ecma-international.org/policies/privacy-policy/">Privacy policy</a></li> </ul></div><span class="seperator extralight-border"></span></section></div><div class='flex_column av_one_fourth el_after_av_one_fourth el_before_av_one_fourth '><section id="nav_menu-3" class="widget clearfix widget_nav_menu"><div class="menu-footer-col-3-container"><ul id="menu-footer-col-3" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-13911" class="members menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-13911"><a href="https://members.ecma-international.org/">Members only</a></li> </ul></div><span class="seperator extralight-border"></span></section><section id="custom_html-2" class="widget_text widget clearfix widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"></div><span class="seperator extralight-border"></span></section></div><div class='flex_column av_one_fourth el_after_av_one_fourth el_before_av_one_fourth '><section id="custom_html-3" class="widget_text widget clearfix widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><ul class="footer-social"> <li class="twitterx"> <a target="_blank" aria-label="Link to Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/EcmaIntl" aria-hidden="false" data-av_icon="" data-av_iconfont="entypo-fontello" title="Twitter" rel="noopener"><span class="avia_hidden_link_text">Twitter</span></a> </li> <li class="linkedin"> <a target="_blank" aria-label="Link to Linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ecma-international" aria-hidden="true" title="Linkedin" rel="noopener"> <span class="avia_hidden_link_text">Linkedin</span> </a> </li> </ul></div><span class="seperator extralight-border"></span></section></div> </div> <!-- ####### END FOOTER CONTAINER ####### --> </div> <!-- end main --> </div> <!-- end wrap_all --></div> <a href='#top' title='Scroll to top' id='scroll-top-link' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1'><span class="avia_hidden_link_text">Scroll to top</span></a> <div id="fb-root"></div> <div class="avia-cookie-consent-wrap" aria-hidden="true"><div class='avia-cookie-consent cookiebar-hidden avia-cookiemessage-bottom' aria-hidden='true' data-contents='815179c1346af33d6e75316f178bcefa||v1.0' ><div class="container"><p class='avia_cookie_text'>This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies.</p><a href='#' class='avia-button avia-color-theme-color-highlight avia-cookie-consent-button avia-cookie-consent-button-1 avia-cookie-close-bar ' >Accept</a><a href='#' class='avia-button avia-color-theme-color-highlight avia-cookie-consent-button avia-cookie-consent-button-2 av-extra-cookie-btn avia-cookie-info-btn ' >Manage</a></div></div><div id='av-consent-extra-info' data-nosnippet class='av-inline-modal main_color avia-hide-popup-close'> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-av_heading-93355099aea246145fb79ff5ae893448"> #top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-93355099aea246145fb79ff5ae893448{ margin:10px 0 0 0; padding-bottom:10px; } body .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-93355099aea246145fb79ff5ae893448 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{ font-size:25px; } .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-93355099aea246145fb79ff5ae893448 .av-subheading{ font-size:15px; } </style> <div class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-93355099aea246145fb79ff5ae893448 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag ' itemprop="headline" >Cookie and privacy settings</h3><div class="special-heading-border"><div class="special-heading-inner-border"></div></div></div><br /> <style type="text/css" data-created_by="avia_inline_auto" id="style-css-av-jhe1dyat-381e073337cc8512c616f9ce78cc22d9"> #top .hr.av-jhe1dyat-381e073337cc8512c616f9ce78cc22d9{ margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; } .hr.av-jhe1dyat-381e073337cc8512c616f9ce78cc22d9 .hr-inner{ width:100%; } </style> <div class='hr av-jhe1dyat-381e073337cc8512c616f9ce78cc22d9 hr-custom hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class="hr-inner-style"></span></span></div><br /><div class='tabcontainer av-jhds1skt-57ef9df26b3cd01206052db147fbe716 sidebar_tab sidebar_tab_left noborder_tabs'><section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-av_tab-128b2b9893d50f80b711efe3443ad66f' ><div id='tab-id-1-tab' class='tab active_tab' role='tab' aria-selected="true" tabindex="0" data-fake-id='#tab-id-1' aria-controls='tab-id-1-content' >Necessary cookies</div><div id='tab-id-1-content' class='tab_content active_tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-1-tab' aria-hidden="false"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color' ><p>Essential cookies are strictly necessary for the proper operation of our site. In particular, they govern the principles of navigation and memorize some of your choices between pages. If you refuse them, your browsing experience may be affected.</p> </div></div></section><section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-av_tab-f0d14b48651f06360bc5c9172a25a523' ><div id='tab-id-2-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected="false" tabindex="0" data-fake-id='#tab-id-2' aria-controls='tab-id-2-content' >Analytics cookies</div><div id='tab-id-2-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-2-tab' aria-hidden="true"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color' ><p>Analysis cookies collect statistical and anonymous information on the traffic recorded on our site. They help us to improve our pages, in order to better meet our users' expectations. If you do not want us to record your visit, you can disable this tracking.<br /> <div data-disabled_by_browser="Please enable this feature in your browser settings and reload the page." class="av-switch-aviaPrivacyGoogleTrackingDisabled av-toggle-switch av-cookie-disable-external-toggle av-cookie-save-unchecked av-cookie-default-checked"><label><input type="checkbox" checked="checked" id="aviaPrivacyGoogleTrackingDisabled" class="aviaPrivacyGoogleTrackingDisabled " name="aviaPrivacyGoogleTrackingDisabled" ><span class="toggle-track"></span><span class="toggle-label-content">Click to enable/disable Google Analytics tracking.</span></label></div></p> </div></div></section><section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-av_tab-166a157e32b6d6e51b92724186dae8ea' ><div id='tab-id-3-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected="false" tabindex="0" data-fake-id='#tab-id-3' aria-controls='tab-id-3-content' >Additional services</div><div id='tab-id-3-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-3-tab' aria-hidden="true"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color' ><p>We also use various external services such as Google WebFonts and Google Maps. These providers may collect data such as your IP address. If you deactivate these cookies, the appearance of our site may have a negative impact on your reading experience. Changes will take effect once you reload the page. </p> <p><div class="av-switch-aviaPrivacyGoogleWebfontsDisabled av-toggle-switch av-cookie-disable-external-toggle av-cookie-save-unchecked av-cookie-default-checked"><label><input type="checkbox" checked="checked" id="aviaPrivacyGoogleWebfontsDisabled" class="aviaPrivacyGoogleWebfontsDisabled " name="aviaPrivacyGoogleWebfontsDisabled" ><span class="toggle-track"></span><span class="toggle-label-content">Click to enable/disable Google Webfonts.</span></label></div><br /> <div class="av-switch-aviaPrivacyGoogleMapsDisabled av-toggle-switch av-cookie-disable-external-toggle av-cookie-save-unchecked av-cookie-default-checked"><label><input type="checkbox" checked="checked" id="aviaPrivacyGoogleMapsDisabled" class="aviaPrivacyGoogleMapsDisabled " name="aviaPrivacyGoogleMapsDisabled" ><span class="toggle-track"></span><span class="toggle-label-content">Click to enable/disable Google Maps.</span></label></div></p> </div></div></section><section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-av_tab-50b9fef6ceffc709f9ddaaf6977eed04' ><div id='tab-id-4-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected="false" tabindex="0" data-fake-id='#tab-id-4' aria-controls='tab-id-4-content' >Privacy policy</div><div id='tab-id-4-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-4-tab' aria-hidden="true"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color' ><p>You can find out more about our use of cookies on our <a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/policies/privacy-policy/">privacy policy page.</a></p> </div></div></section></div><div class="avia-cookie-consent-modal-buttons-wrap"><a href='#' class='avia-button avia-color-theme-color-highlight avia-cookie-consent-button avia-cookie-consent-button-3 avia-cookie-close-bar avia-cookie-consent-modal-button' title="Allow to use cookies, you always can modify used cookies and services" >Save</a><a href='#' class='avia-button avia-color-theme-color-highlight avia-cookie-consent-button avia-cookie-consent-button-4 av-extra-cookie-btn avia-cookie-consent-modal-button avia-cookie-hide-notification' title="Do not allow to use cookies or services. Some functionality on our site might not work as expected." >Deactivate all cookies</a></div><div class="av-hidden-escential-sc" data-hidden_cookies="aviaPrivacyRefuseCookiesHideBar,aviaPrivacyEssentialCookiesEnabled"><div class="av-switch-aviaPrivacyRefuseCookiesHideBar av-toggle-switch av-cookie-disable-external-toggle av-cookie-save-checked av-cookie-default-checked"><label><input type="checkbox" checked="checked" id="aviaPrivacyRefuseCookiesHideBar" class="aviaPrivacyRefuseCookiesHideBar " name="aviaPrivacyRefuseCookiesHideBar" ><span class="toggle-track"></span><span class="toggle-label-content">Check to enable permanent hiding of message bar and refuse all cookies if you do not opt in. We need 2 cookies to store this setting. Otherwise you will be prompted again when opening a new browser window or new a tab.</span></label></div><div class="av-switch-aviaPrivacyEssentialCookiesEnabled av-toggle-switch av-cookie-disable-external-toggle av-cookie-save-checked av-cookie-default-checked"><label><input type="checkbox" checked="checked" id="aviaPrivacyEssentialCookiesEnabled" class="aviaPrivacyEssentialCookiesEnabled " name="aviaPrivacyEssentialCookiesEnabled" ><span class="toggle-track"></span><span class="toggle-label-content">Click to enable/disable essential site cookies.</span></label></div></div></div></div> <script type='text/javascript'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var avia_framework_globals = avia_framework_globals || {}; avia_framework_globals.frameworkUrl = 'https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/framework/'; avia_framework_globals.installedAt = 'https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/'; avia_framework_globals.ajaxurl = 'https://ecma-international.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php'; /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css' type='text/css'> /** * Core styles: block-supports */ </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/waypoints/waypoints.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-waypoints-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-default-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/shortcodes.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-shortcodes-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/contact/contact.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-contact-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/gallery/gallery.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-gallery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/menu/menu.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-menu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/tabs/tabs.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-tabs-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/toggles/toggles.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-toggles-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/slideshow/slideshow-video.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-slideshow-video-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/config-templatebuilder/avia-shortcodes/video/video.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-module-video-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.js?ver=2e6d63e772894a800ba8" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.js?ver=2aff907006e2aa00e26e" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=6.0" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = { "api": { "root": "https:\/\/ecma-international.org\/wp-json\/", "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" } }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=6.0" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-hamburger-menu.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-hamburger-menu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-parallax.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-parallax-support-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-fold-unfold.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-fold-unfold-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/aviapopup/jquery.magnific-popup.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-popup-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-lightbox.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-lightbox-activation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-megamenu.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-megamenu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-sticky-header.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-sticky-header-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-footer-effects.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-footer-effects-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-widget.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-widget-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LeVuzUaAAAAAFw3anTRY2rVVydadHY8cCACI0sr&ver=3.0" id="google-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7_recaptcha = { "sitekey": "6LeVuzUaAAAAAFw3anTRY2rVVydadHY8cCACI0sr", "actions": { "homepage": "homepage", "contactform": "contactform" } }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/modules/recaptcha/index.js?ver=6.0" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="avia-cookie-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var AviaPrivacyCookieConsent = {"?":"Usage unknown","aviaCookieConsent":"Use and storage of Cookies has been accepted - restrictions set in other cookies","aviaPrivacyRefuseCookiesHideBar":"Hide cookie message bar on following page loads and refuse cookies if not allowed - aviaPrivacyEssentialCookiesEnabled must be set","aviaPrivacyEssentialCookiesEnabled":"Allow storage of site essential cookies and other cookies and use of features if not opt out","aviaPrivacyVideoEmbedsDisabled":"Do not allow video embeds","aviaPrivacyGoogleTrackingDisabled":"Do not allow Google Analytics","aviaPrivacyGoogleWebfontsDisabled":"Do not allow Google Webfonts","aviaPrivacyGoogleMapsDisabled":"Do not allow Google Maps","aviaPrivacyGoogleReCaptchaDisabled":"Do not allow Google reCaptcha","aviaPrivacyMustOptInSetting":"Settings are for users that must opt in for cookies and services","PHPSESSID":"Operating site internal cookie - Keeps track of your session","XDEBUG_SESSION":"Operating site internal cookie - PHP Debugger session cookie","wp-settings*":"Operating site internal cookie","wordpress*":"Operating site internal cookie","tk_ai*":"Shop internal cookie","woocommerce*":"Shop internal cookie","wp_woocommerce*":"Shop internal cookie","wp-wpml*":"Needed to manage different languages"}; var AviaPrivacyCookieAdditionalData = {"cookie_refuse_button_alert":"When refusing all cookies this site might not be able to work as expected. Please check our settings page and opt out for cookies or functions you do not want to use and accept cookies. You will be shown this message every time you open a new window or a new tab.\n\nAre you sure you want to continue?","no_cookies_found":"No accessable cookies found in domain","admin_keep_cookies":["PHPSESSID","wp-*","wordpress*","XDEBUG*"],"remove_custom_cookies":[],"no_lightbox":"We need a lightbox to show the modal popup. Please enable the built in lightbox in Theme Options Tab or include your own modal window plugin.\\n\\nYou need to connect this plugin in JavaScript with callback wrapper functions - see avia_cookie_consent_modal_callback in file enfold\\js\\avia-snippet-cookieconsent.js "}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/js/avia-snippet-cookieconsent.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia-cookie-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="avia_google_recaptcha_front_script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var AviaReCAPTCHA_front = {"version":"avia_recaptcha_v3","site_key2":"6LeDPtoUAAAAAGZtCHCsXivUaTgprjhzSUbP9TEY","site_key3":"6Lfa_FEaAAAAAJvKhrtOOQAoz8Y0eXszrT8pYzI8","api":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/recaptcha\/api.js","api_lang":"en","avia_api_script":"https:\/\/ecma-international.org\/wp-content\/themes\/enfold\/framework\/js\/conditional_load\/avia_google_recaptcha_api.js","theme":"light","score":"0.5","verify_nonce":"dc33417768","cannot_use":"<h3 class=\"av-recaptcha-error-main\">Sorry, a problem occurred trying to communicate with Google reCAPTCHA API. You are currently not able to submit the contact form. Please try again later - reload the page and also check your internet connection.<\/h3>","init_error_msg":"Initial setting failed. Sitekey 2 and\/or sitekey 3 missing in frontend.","v3_timeout_pageload":"Timeout occurred connecting to V3 API on initial pageload","v3_timeout_verify":"Timeout occurred connecting to V3 API on verifying submit","v2_timeout_verify":"Timeout occurred connecting to V2 API on verifying you as human. Please try again and check your internet connection. It might be necessary to reload the page.","verify_msg":"Verify....","connection_error":"Could not connect to the internet. Please reload the page and try again.","validate_first":"Please validate that you are a human first","validate_submit":"Before submitting we validate that you are a human first.","no_token":"Missing internal token on valid submit - unable to proceed.","invalid_version":"Invalid reCAPTCHA version found.","api_load_error":"Google reCAPTCHA API could not be loaded."}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/enfold/framework/js/conditional_load/avia_google_recaptcha_front.js?ver=6.0.6" id="avia_google_recaptcha_front_script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/themes/ecma/assets/dist/js/app.min.js?ver=2" id="nm-apps-js"></script> <script type='text/javascript'>function av_privacy_cookie_setter( cookie_name ){var cookie_check = jQuery('html').hasClass('av-cookies-needs-opt-in') || jQuery('html').hasClass('av-cookies-can-opt-out');var toggle = jQuery('.' + cookie_name);toggle.each(function(){var container = jQuery(this).closest('.av-toggle-switch');if( cookie_check && ! document.cookie.match(/aviaCookieConsent/) ){this.checked = container.hasClass( 'av-cookie-default-checked' );}else if( cookie_check && document.cookie.match(/aviaCookieConsent/) && ! document.cookie.match(/aviaPrivacyEssentialCookiesEnabled/) && cookie_name != 'aviaPrivacyRefuseCookiesHideBar' ){if( cookie_name == 'aviaPrivacyEssentialCookiesEnabled' ){this.checked = false;}else{this.checked = container.hasClass( 'av-cookie-default-checked' );}}else{if( container.hasClass('av-cookie-save-checked') ){this.checked = document.cookie.match(cookie_name) ? true : false;}else{this.checked = document.cookie.match(cookie_name) ? false : true;}}});jQuery('.' + 'av-switch-' + cookie_name).addClass('active');toggle.on('click', function(){/* sync if more checkboxes exist because user added them to normal page content */var check = this.checked;jQuery('.' + cookie_name).each( function(){this.checked = check;});var silent_accept_cookie = jQuery('html').hasClass('av-cookies-user-silent-accept');if( ! silent_accept_cookie && cookie_check && ! document.cookie.match(/aviaCookieConsent/) || sessionStorage.getItem( 'aviaCookieRefused' ) ){return;}var container = jQuery(this).closest('.av-toggle-switch');var action = '';if( container.hasClass('av-cookie-save-checked') ){action = this.checked ? 'save' : 'remove';}else{action = this.checked ? 'remove' : 'save';}if('remove' == action){document.cookie = cookie_name + '=; Path=/; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;';}else{var theDate = new Date();var oneYearLater = new Date( theDate.getTime() + 31536000000 );document.cookie = cookie_name + '=true; Path=/; Expires='+oneYearLater.toGMTString()+';';}});}; av_privacy_cookie_setter('aviaPrivacyRefuseCookiesHideBar'); av_privacy_cookie_setter('aviaPrivacyEssentialCookiesEnabled'); av_privacy_cookie_setter('aviaPrivacyGoogleTrackingDisabled'); av_privacy_cookie_setter('aviaPrivacyGoogleWebfontsDisabled'); av_privacy_cookie_setter('aviaPrivacyGoogleMapsDisabled'); </script></body> </html>