CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9179475eab638bc9',cH: 'sxfdwWOOmuQm77bL3BhO1LUSSzG0k2DsZbOSyRBWsc0-1740503111-1.2.1.1-fsJSO0G11bZAOnQwtcbLv4r4nYS9LUAXgvSSx8abvRE3vbXGRu6KjZMdSD_WZtHo',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=urban%20spatial%20density&__cf_chl_tk=_UGRe7BS53rSO_Cd4SYeRxnHIos.H2ha1zROt_sQq8M-1740503111-1.0.1.1-cNWCjjp6PZSfg8PCeaydmS8lG_8TvaHv1HEYxkiEH9w",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740503111',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=urban%20spatial%20density&__cf_chl_f_tk=_UGRe7BS53rSO_Cd4SYeRxnHIos.H2ha1zROt_sQq8M-1740503111-1.0.1.1-cNWCjjp6PZSfg8PCeaydmS8lG_8TvaHv1HEYxkiEH9w",md: "vLj8OhgNee97KzTtUtYzotUTy6bktqHmqw9MnyptpEY-1740503111-1.2.1.1-LSKnybdX4mYbTRB6GLeYj_Zvnxuwz8iZEtpcslRMg3nMC9WPS1LBdsY85s9IXWQmyQcXq_uf4pZeBbpZ.1hjOaMkJ_l6b.o0jxQf8onkHbQEI04dVBc.Z3MNe4IVK_zXfp0mdsQyUAgkiG1e5Lp8Wr6JoWM_y80e_0URmpzrnSI0tBXeeoCyZgf9Gw.WGUzv.PhhiTIV5cpDgPRMKhTkK.nsLA_aUBZ7O1BxnI7RxCxyPx2Ingunaiv7Y4aD6qwGPgSr3t0cHhcIF_v9OsNG0vFa5xTUA5leR5IfT8CCiDR7TPzjn4yGBhoqsFObAEFPrHstyFr7538MX3mIkzMNpIYlhGnOXdLnXtdEz9r.7mWFSMAzJOT2EbaO2a1VUt5SHEuCn3VaQPMspSkzO8ta4QtRr8sM8XEHpR9k3fSXaSeDmqAee7gLrwYpkdytMSm8RN06Fbdh_Ea6apu3jQB_eAyYrPCdS9CR3azqa5R_MN4L7I0tlgIIYgQUiACznoliy2HvtUY.BJoNM3hIaQDivbJInplljqCNfEyYRa6QDcZeuf0wHtsCnGD9jvu0pUeiHI6WD5yuEoBQ1nqATwu5rfHw.bzgEprmu.hsdjjZpMUjnyXb5pc5RDMpqTbRPwRm8hViSIn2WlUT0tc9aew7BQSUi2kUdgBzPpVcxx808_yyPKAUU.VqSYf9rbGLkAOEoYr4vjDPQ6DO1hOquGeAh9ImdF18yJZZvwLRZ7v9c8K1_ztF5GjdnDvkHza6UX_z6PSm92NtAtA.3FfEm_7p1K3tJYTx2TPikOOL1E36.6rO84KRj8k6WCFjUyU.9voekc2wGO7In.U45HMZNATuYm4ZYVDf7uhY1Bd8WIH_i0LlfLh2A_PH6ZFM.dgOmIkLVsL3dRjBGYrHRrL1c55jujuUoLjn496VS93wnf9dZ3MQgBWKo0MhO12YJO2KxBZ4XsIX0IcaW69NQ3M1u4cpnhykk5BCMdCRxmZaDTQMjj_DClBLQOoJdPGHiCmzUkuDeQV2i9yLOoCdh1BplUFC6FN9x1u4odtbXAqC0lsasXIbbJOaSfrJxCdxXTlbmIwA0PSeWm8m9YcNZYO5l5dPZxwlMjVk9J2cqwrc9wDyUIrSuChFGuqYTdreHBYuLXjAOA12ZF5.LIsl0g5rRepWzMSA7eLDN4aWWSwvs.sSqc8FbNqpsFyPlxiS3H5NNLMfxMt4a0bN.pO3kuO21rixvee4wH.JkU03HYga2K09Trbf.OzepipQaOIQp..z2wzDUGFBZtLP2fgcSVpk1ufVuXEgIq.Sg6zov35JxIyI8lWbg9NZW8CchkGvl6jjGTwg9wn.nN4qFyjzUceScmFPgeKozx1hlU5qES9mrXzVaGs0ru7fxJN17rx1vx4rgeuhITaTN61ZFHr0UB_bYaJquoKKbn9bpjIDXU2k3oAE7fOexr8Boj6kK7ViMIrTBVOYhRlrhppFqjso.sQfABzF04COMqID4AdHL8sfP7gcQenMjaTtkT4G15Y2WXHy0I5EPgQEtuPeJy3MeMU_bAf_V_QgvLtJhZCz19xpy1F_734eAh5MdESOYOZvKZ5CWXs.3Pox1TT4E8QaNvFQgw0e0tQ6Gvw1GpuS.qMPz6ns6HAzbMfnCToIXdYlqtiM3yGqS4KebfloSL72_4yq7ialbg5.h5RuUSVohyMIrvtqK1CDQIS44psIRTJxNtYB1oHl.1T39xKTUVZmHOl2TpsjhEPjIir9gtKMuxkVb6qTGNjkOGhVdxokFKWZneMFFOFxSXOS9LkkdDT7tyUQkkXM50hphE55L.tIRNU8g61tz1gHnVpGOQ35IY8VLbS1Hl6O0DvmG0swQGVr5txHs7f5kuL.d_s_kJAVRTlLz_OTWqk4BXFGjenuvcrfIciz1sESiAXLya8d5Za9EX_eSY973qOnsSZ0JGZ3VwiOkyFUuZqmT_NUPa8AWYZZDajXBr40",mdrd: "uF8Xn6yPSKvs.AGeiFxB6q5iYiyswt.0D45O7LjUf8s-1740503111-1.2.1.1-6S8fZJEPeh1fXCTGitwHsVcFhE0atvAJklvBWAsOeaBK5R5r1blJKL8R4OKlfSWJRethYfy_c4jWJ4mlxkWptaEtJ_g4oTyk66MZqdviUt8J.CMC1NNV8xKJmUKgAYsLw3qRT66_aRhDFaNQeQ_Bj4tDqLMN4fuxWF9GVsemdz8gIjcyZ1M4.WX6elk2ArLvgQPmk8LgdYHYdtiMYXT3q1Bx.T59smDgrCWdRuou45QyVS3Rzm_z4jDWQ4Mn8jan8nPtJ765aBLKK3zgzor2NCK1Fg9TXGr3Uc.s5wYCXf0p93Zks0OIl83EvNjr8xctH5sFs.gkkil.IQ6Fqh7yEyD3UHy.ES.Ssfuxlw2BjtbIjebQyXee.mL4V.gM0FjyLVIRCNx6zGLEIzFEZOO05l_CW8PGzAjU6JlSOQK0_CpKuguecO3zIDrdgJR5Oa22onPOrAthkIco93fi1RchyQV5TUMWRlvCKkNUhCqGsPycC74P6SSFCm7hKj99sbPx_uAyWaZUW__0o0LZunwvY_ji6guzFbll3Uw4ZCKv0k4U9erQU3Kznyaa0oG3vPa3jxOoVgQ63Wz_wWDSxcwIHSgBAZwdLIzwp2CR4pVuocdRkMfpIk7WtVuhXSdO58g2CRlsy48_0zBWE1.oDEdGGurcKe2PKqE_2CAaQ9adbx044sRnSHWymQd9R9sNP1aKKQm0BBF4oB4_D1._TUzP6dUMIxBqb62UdPBwBN30WbVCjjVW3r7iO17ok6V5WGWRhGqlqyItYShHnV_guf8ifBcnbGmqSkN.FMdXNHB2HsikM49hoUHzVmEjBGNp8Bt44um.8yfEJFrFEIpaVaUv6mdPztHXnD6nUpeEjFlBN_jBNpVc4Ca9GFyrOD3mXiJ1M8CAe1p3Q1ZvxSPADT9iieYoKHC2eacDugtyaKi8njSpBgdZN9HmUXSIk24VyezYAvNWuDR0DPdpoupJRdMSl3jqKURuyJfbND6vPXqn4kNz1rkSE7NJKYgnES1h0N_HQ3wNLz.o8wAFzgs1ra1bUyDc5XmCoiAnSsXh.sFXYWJSi6C939Ijrm26IHraPt8MRd5ykGlT.lWPLUOPmj.kpyNQUpa5h55wQmhGjTCxxGdmrKsAf.OzV_kbjK9HvRIa.IE5JC_ThGlLUSisyTl7ScT3QZRGSFiNMJm1ndVF.mqlFeDvbJC1oiLKwJan3X1RjvMF2sweMHekZRBESsgI6I6lS8QD9fL2zjPhnYfsdJxdFnFiJqenNZApopPkwXEimbsB.rSizLhQFCYK41cNfkG.wMCOj286ZEf1c0fTwseN5cHSxwjZBCSDGtwNy1Fs4UuXj09GxbXdL53rUyhsssfAf3.Q3K2.NmF7SGx6gJ.K7ovgHBY4xlu3Kht17yR8EL8puoWtjc7Uhi.25tAh3qNeGgdI.HOwKkJcSSQP2AsdTvbpViGS3bUBmpkmDadrLr5L2blzgjtG65QT7jdRJhb7KPp31Lm2uqAanb1ylVqTHurxCM48xbaIhAPHanMw8m8VlICFmocksVZ7AluFhsXBRe2_mXe6TmGeJVdZ3th46bXGJUNgKJ_Y6rhUvvFjaFapO9ihuGzJbrse5.pR_nL2ArfKM2rUbdVniETtLNgsIigmpqw8CiDgo9iMe5vjrSPD80v0Wox7rpmY01T6W1hg4X6gF2w3ZWMp9Lc5hOsc64Zzdbg1rPlc7BnnSoF1uhg.JR4BQI1.RgQeP7AFoGXCbqrwa6d7nKLfR3SnZR_dJEblhHuh6c3ezFMEr8jCD3S4F3WFslK.3SAOK6Fl50G0Sw.HGQTZw1veDwaitGhw8ZUBcVgaTltq9ZSBDmJWAkOv_sGgAT7e5mI1bfkqyCYImyXolLJUmkpeKU6YlUMbcoNqAPzJBKJibYzELHL9y.IDC_Kizvuwrb1xeNihYB9OtdxI7bL749_pbcHpdA_JE0XFpsJp_C6Iu7Hfx8ugYN5XL.sEHhAj30xgWVi5Jw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9179475eab638bc9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=urban%20spatial%20density&__cf_chl_rt_tk=_UGRe7BS53rSO_Cd4SYeRxnHIos.H2ha1zROt_sQq8M-1740503111-1.0.1.1-cNWCjjp6PZSfg8PCeaydmS8lG_8TvaHv1HEYxkiEH9w" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>