CINXE.COM
Albert Fert | CNRS
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fr" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(){ window["loaderConfig"] = "/TSPD/?type=21"; })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/TSPD/?type=18"></script> <!-- Matomo Tag Manager --> <script type="text/javascript"> window._mtm = window._mtm || []; window._mtm.push({'mtm.startTime': (new Date().getTime()), 'event': 'mtm.Start'}); (function() { var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.src='https://www.statistiques.cnrs.fr/js/container_OYTiSMwj.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <!-- End Matomo Tag Manager --> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = window._paq || []; _paq.push([function() { var self = this; function getOriginalVisitorCookieTimeout() { var now = new Date(), nowTs = Math.round(now.getTime() / 1000), visitorInfo = self.getVisitorInfo(); var createTs = parseInt(visitorInfo[2]); var cookieTimeout = 33696000; // 13 mois en secondes var originalTimeout = createTs + cookieTimeout - nowTs; return originalTimeout; } this.setVisitorCookieTimeout( getOriginalVisitorCookieTimeout() ); }]); /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//statistiques.cnrs.fr/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })();</script> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow" /> <link rel="image_src" href="/sites/default/files/image/albert-fert.jpg" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="CNRS" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Personne" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/personne/albert-fert" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Albert Fert" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.cnrs.fr/sites/default/files/image/albert-fert.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="912338625489846" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Albert Fert | CNRS" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@CNRS" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/personne/albert-fert" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.cnrs.fr/sites/default/files/styles/article/public/image/albert-fert.jpg?itok=iVeElCWj" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="JmSEzu5Tq57DFbCkMU7E1VuY4dK3LKrFAykFBlCFtVA" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/cnrs/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/personne/albert-fert" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/personne/albert-fert" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/node/130" /> <title>Albert Fert | CNRS</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_dV2GsqGEK1OSyGvNs2wjM38a80isO2gMRYJ8k_hLqyo.css?delta=0&language=fr&theme=cnrs&include=eJxVjmsOwyAMgy-E4EhTWtIWLZAqhq3d6ce27vUn-RxHlrGjcg4Dgd0oBOx_nBmgmeFGNQ5FLZOkW7eL4Xh8EBYyjo63KqmcQ7S2kvhDukviK8Jz-qyxCbvavZMxelb4Yf9ablKtRSsjfMitZDQbrQve-d-Lb2VtgyQsvcVRvWjs7VTUBt1C5Ima1Du2rl3K" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_0F7DxiG98tzUh6JdZLo8yM_zNEhW7TAaxr2zLXrvtvk.css?delta=1&language=fr&theme=cnrs&include=eJxVjmsOwyAMgy-E4EhTWtIWLZAqhq3d6ce27vUn-RxHlrGjcg4Dgd0oBOx_nBmgmeFGNQ5FLZOkW7eL4Xh8EBYyjo63KqmcQ7S2kvhDukviK8Jz-qyxCbvavZMxelb4Yf9ablKtRSsjfMitZDQbrQve-d-Lb2VtgyQsvcVRvWjs7VTUBt1C5Ima1Du2rl3K" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_Qh_ezCOOVNhFeQfZ5czUUpQVIl5-yxtwz_1l6ucBsp8.css?delta=2&language=fr&theme=cnrs&include=eJxVjmsOwyAMgy-E4EhTWtIWLZAqhq3d6ce27vUn-RxHlrGjcg4Dgd0oBOx_nBmgmeFGNQ5FLZOkW7eL4Xh8EBYyjo63KqmcQ7S2kvhDukviK8Jz-qyxCbvavZMxelb4Yf9ablKtRSsjfMitZDQbrQve-d-Lb2VtgyQsvcVRvWjs7VTUBt1C5Ima1Du2rl3K" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_FQPwFfBHUPf6Gh62-PziIkLqyipwSvwP440oK8CHmM4.css?delta=3&language=fr&theme=cnrs&include=eJxVjmsOwyAMgy-E4EhTWtIWLZAqhq3d6ce27vUn-RxHlrGjcg4Dgd0oBOx_nBmgmeFGNQ5FLZOkW7eL4Xh8EBYyjo63KqmcQ7S2kvhDukviK8Jz-qyxCbvavZMxelb4Yf9ablKtRSsjfMitZDQbrQve-d-Lb2VtgyQsvcVRvWjs7VTUBt1C5Ima1Du2rl3K" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_cAruVCfuN892LH06CvP2nT1LmZX-NBvT7SxXCcrf2xA.css?delta=4&language=fr&theme=cnrs&include=eJxVjmsOwyAMgy-E4EhTWtIWLZAqhq3d6ce27vUn-RxHlrGjcg4Dgd0oBOx_nBmgmeFGNQ5FLZOkW7eL4Xh8EBYyjo63KqmcQ7S2kvhDukviK8Jz-qyxCbvavZMxelb4Yf9ablKtRSsjfMitZDQbrQve-d-Lb2VtgyQsvcVRvWjs7VTUBt1C5Ima1Du2rl3K" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_YLZaIkZr_Wn3j0RK2qQ_9GmctZHte2EQOQTJ54esFPg.css?delta=5&language=fr&theme=cnrs&include=eJxVjmsOwyAMgy-E4EhTWtIWLZAqhq3d6ce27vUn-RxHlrGjcg4Dgd0oBOx_nBmgmeFGNQ5FLZOkW7eL4Xh8EBYyjo63KqmcQ7S2kvhDukviK8Jz-qyxCbvavZMxelb4Yf9ablKtRSsjfMitZDQbrQve-d-Lb2VtgyQsvcVRvWjs7VTUBt1C5Ima1Du2rl3K" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_K2eY2aFs3JCXtciFNpgaNMiNZu6LGDcvngTkpcJCj5Y.css?delta=6&language=fr&theme=cnrs&include=eJxVjmsOwyAMgy-E4EhTWtIWLZAqhq3d6ce27vUn-RxHlrGjcg4Dgd0oBOx_nBmgmeFGNQ5FLZOkW7eL4Xh8EBYyjo63KqmcQ7S2kvhDukviK8Jz-qyxCbvavZMxelb4Yf9ablKtRSsjfMitZDQbrQve-d-Lb2VtgyQsvcVRvWjs7VTUBt1C5Ima1Du2rl3K" /> </head> <body class="path-node page-node-type-personne"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Aller au contenu principal </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="layout-container"> <header > <div class="inner"> <div class="header-page"> <div class="region region-header-page-title"> <div id="block-pageheadertitle" class="block block-cnrs-common block-page-header-title-block"> <span>Albert Fert</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-rwd"> <div class="region region-header-rwd"> <div class="language-switcher-language-url block block-cnrs-common block-cnrs-language-blocklanguage-interface" id="block-selecteurdelangue-2"> <ul class="links"><li hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/130" class="fr is-active" aria-current="page"><a href="/fr/personne/albert-fert" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/130">Fr</a></li><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/130" class="en"><a href="/en/node/130" class="language-link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/130">En</a></li></ul> </div> <div id="block-cnrsheadersearch" class="block block-cnrs-search block-cnrs-header-search"> <div class="header-search"> <a href="/fr/search"> <span>Rechercher</span> <img src="/themes/custom/cnrs/img/icons/search.svg" alt="Rechercher"> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="burger">Menu</div> <div class="region region-header"> <div id="block-logo" class="block block-iptools block-iptools-logo"> <div id="logo" > <a href="/fr" title="Accueil" rel="home"> <img class="logo-main" src="/sites/default/files/logo/logo.svg" width="115" height="115" alt="Accueil"> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="menu"> <div class="region region-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-navigationprincipale-2-menu" id="block-navigationprincipale-2" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-navigationprincipale-2-menu">Navigation principale</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Accueil</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <div class="menu-item__wrapper"> <a href="/fr/nos-recherches" title="Nos recherches, nos disciplines et coop茅rations" class="menu-item__link">Nos recherches</a> <button class="menu-item__button js-toggle-nav" aria-expanded="false"><span class="out">Voir aussi</span></button> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/nos-recherches/disciplines" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8006">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/nos-recherches/cooperations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8007">Coop茅rations</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/nos-recherches/france-2030" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8918">France 2030</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/nos-recherches/evaluation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8008">Evaluation</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/nos-recherches/expertise-scientifique-collective" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8009">Expertise scientifique collective</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <div class="menu-item__wrapper"> <a href="/fr/nos-innovations" title="L'innovation au CNRS ; prot茅ger, entreprendre et coconstruire" class="menu-item__link">Nos innovations</a> <button class="menu-item__button js-toggle-nav" aria-expanded="false"><span class="out">Voir aussi</span></button> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/nos-innovations/proteger" rel="noreferrer">Prot茅ger</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/nos-innovations/entreprendre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8010">Entreprendre</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/nos-innovations/co-constuire" rel="noreferrer">Coconstruire</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <div class="menu-item__wrapper"> <a href="/fr/nos-defis" title="D茅fis soci茅taux, d茅veloppement durable et programmes nationaux" class="menu-item__link">Nos d茅fis</a> <button class="menu-item__button js-toggle-nav" aria-expanded="false"><span class="out">Voir aussi</span></button> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/nos-defis/defis-societaux" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8011">D茅fis soci茅taux</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/nos-defis/developpement-durable" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8012">Transition environnementale</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/nos-defis/partage-des-savoirs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8897">Partage des savoirs</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/nos-defis/science-ouverte" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8900">Science ouverte</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <div class="menu-item__wrapper"> <a href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/le-cnrs" title="Les missions, responsabilit茅s et distinctions du CNRS" class="menu-item__link">Le CNRS</a> <button class="menu-item__button js-toggle-nav" aria-expanded="false"><span class="out">Voir aussi</span></button> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/le-cnrs/missions" rel="noreferrer">Missions</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/fr/le-cnrs/responsabilites" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8016">Responsabilit茅s</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/le-cnrs/organisation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8028">Organisation</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/le-cnrs/europe-et-international" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8022">Europe et international</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/le-cnrs/distinctions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8029">Distinctions</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div id="block-cnrsheadersearch-2" class="block block-cnrs-search block-cnrs-header-search"> <div class="header-search"> <a href="/fr/search"> <span>Rechercher</span> <img src="/themes/custom/cnrs/img/icons/search.svg" alt="Rechercher"> </a> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="header-top"> <div class="region region-menu-top"> <div aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="block-cnrs-votreprofil-2-menu" id="block-profile" id="block-cnrs-votreprofil-2" class="block block-menu navigation menu--votre-profil profile-dropdown block-cnrs-common"> <ul class="links" role="menu"> <li role="none"> <div class="is-active">Votre profil</div> </li> <li class="text-black" role="none"> <a href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/presse" role="menuitem" rel="noreferrer">Presse</a> </li> <li class="text-black" role="none"> <a href="https://carrieres.cnrs.fr/" target="_blank" title="Tout savoir sur le recrutement au CNRS" role="menuitem" rel="noopener noreferrer">Recrutement</a> </li> <li class="text-black" role="none"> <a href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/entreprises" title="L'innovation au CNRS" role="menuitem" rel="noreferrer">Entreprises</a> </li> <li class="text-black" role="none"> <a href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/interne" title="Outils internes et 茅lections" role="menuitem" rel="noreferrer">Interne</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="block-cnrsheaderontheweb" class="block block-cnrs-ontheweb block-cnrs-header-ontheweb"> <div class="header-link"> <a href="/fr/cbox/ontheweb" class="colorbox">Le CNRS sur le web</a> </div> </div> <div id="block-cnrs-cnrsdirectory" class="block block-cnrs-common block-cnrs-directory"> <a href="https://annuaire.cnrs.fr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Annuaire</a> </div> <div id="block-cnrsfoundationlogo" class="block block-cnrs-common block-cnrs-foundation"> <a href="https://fondation-cnrs.org/faire-un-don/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Faire un don</a> </div> <div class="language-switcher-language-url block block-cnrs-common block-cnrs-language-blocklanguage-interface" id="block-selecteurdelangue"> <ul class="links"><li hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/130" class="fr is-active" aria-current="page"><a href="/fr/personne/albert-fert" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/130">Fr</a></li><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/130" class="en"><a href="/en/node/130" class="language-link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/130">En</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-contenudelapageprincipale-2" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <section class="node node--type-personne article node--view-mode-full" id="talent-single"> <div class="inner"> <div class="left-column"> <div class="talent-view"> <div class="content-visual entity-block"> <span> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/person/public/image/albert-fert.jpg?itok=7jRuE_Mx" width="405" height="540" alt="Portrait d'Albert Fert" class="image-style-person" /> </span> <div class="visual-desc">漏 Hubert Raguet / CNRS Phototh猫que</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-column"> <h1>Albert Fert<span>Physicien</span> </h1> <div class="talent-award">M茅daille d鈥檕r du CNRS <time datetime="2003-12-01T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">2003</time> </div> <div class="field-name-body"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entity-block field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="block-description"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-descriptive field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="tex2jax_process"><p><span><span>Laur茅at du prix Nobel de physique en 2007</span></span>, <span><span>Albert Fert est le p猫re de la spintronique, un nouveau type d鈥櫭﹍ectronique utilisant le magn茅tisme de l鈥櫭﹍ectron. </span></span></p> <p>En 1988, avec son 茅quipe du laboratoire de physique des solides de l鈥檜niversit茅 Paris-Sud 脿 Orsay, il montre que le spin (sorte de boussole port茅 par l鈥櫭﹍ectron) peut 锚tre utilis茅 magn茅tiquement dans des multicouches nanom茅triques de fer et de chrome, pour contr么ler le courant 茅lectrique et transmettre l鈥檌nformation. Ce ph茅nom猫ne appel茅 芦 magn茅tor茅sistance g茅ante 禄 a permis de multiplier par 1000 la capacit茅 de stockage des disques durs des ordinateurs et plus largement, de trouver de nombreux d茅bouch茅s dans les technologies de l鈥檌nformation et de la communication.</p> <p>Cofondateur en 1995 de l鈥橴nit茅 mixte de physique CNRS / Thales, il a par la suite, contribu茅 脿 plusieurs innovations, en 茅laborant notamment des 芦 jonctions tunnel magn茅tiques 禄, et en introduisant le concept d'accumulation de spin. Albert Fert est membre de l鈥橝cad茅mie des sciences depuis 2004.</p> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footnotes-target"></div> </div> <div class="right-column"> <div class="bloc zoom-widget"> <div class="content"><a href="javascript:;" class="changer" id="text_resize_decrease"><sup>-</sup>A</a> <a href="javascript:;" class="changer" id="text_resize_increase"><sup>+</sup>A</a><div id="text_resize_clear"></div></div> </div> <div class="bloc"> <div class="bloc-title">Imprimer</div> <div class="print"> <div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/personne/albert-fert" class="print" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/personne/albert-fert</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="inner"> <div class="home__small-inner footer__content"> <img src="/themes/custom/cnrs/logo-footer.svg" alt="Accueil" /> <div class="footer__child"> <a href="https://fondation-cnrs.org/" target="_blank" class="link-font link-icon link-icon--ext" title="Faire un don 脿 la Fondation" rel="noopener noreferrer">Fondation CNRS</a> <a href="https://www.cnrsinnovation.com/" target="_blank" class="link-font link-icon link-icon--ext" title="En savoir plus sur l'innovation au CNRS" rel="noopener noreferrer">CNRS Innovation</a> <a href="https://www.cnrseditions.fr/" target="_blank" class="link-font link-icon link-icon--ext" title="D茅couvrir la maison d'茅dition du CNRS" rel="noopener noreferrer">CNRS Editions</a> </div> <div class="footer__child"> <h3 class="footer__title">Votre profil</h3> <li class="text-black" role="none"> <a href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/presse" role="menuitem" rel="noreferrer">Presse</a> </li> <li class="text-black" role="none"> <a href="https://carrieres.cnrs.fr/" target="_blank" title="Tout savoir sur le recrutement au CNRS" role="menuitem" rel="noopener noreferrer">Recrutement</a> </li> <li class="text-black" role="none"> <a href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/entreprises" title="L'innovation au CNRS" role="menuitem" rel="noreferrer">Entreprises</a> </li> <li class="text-black" role="none"> <a href="https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/interne" title="Outils internes et 茅lections" role="menuitem" rel="noreferrer">Interne</a> </li> </div> <div class="footer__child"> <h3 class="footer__title">Nous suivre</h3> <ul class="footer__social"> <li><a href="https://fr-fr.facebook.com/cnrs.fr/" target="_blank" class="facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer">facebook</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/cnrs?lang=fr%20" target="_blank" class="twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer">twitter</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/cnrs/" target="_blank" class="instagram" rel="noopener noreferrer">instagram</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@CNRS" target="_blank" class="youtube" rel="noopener noreferrer">youtube</a></li> </ul> <a href="/fr/tous-nos-reseaux-sociaux" class="link-font link-icon">Tous nos r茅seaux sociaux</a> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="credits"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/accessibilite" target="_self" title="Politique d'accessibilit茅" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1717" rel="noopener">Accessibilit茅 - non conforme</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/credits" title="Cr茅dits du site" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1685">Cr茅dits</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/gestion-des-cookies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5633">Gestion des cookies</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/rgpd" target="_self" title="Le CNRS prot猫ge vos donn茅es personnelles (RGPD)" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3179" rel="noopener">Donn茅es personnelles</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/fr/mentions-legales" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1707">Mentions l茅gales</a> </li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"fr\/","currentPath":"node\/130","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"fr"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"axeptio":{"clientId":"6038bc3fd5519d568bc15187","userCookiesDuration":180,"userCookiesSecure":true,"cookiesVersion":"version-cnrs-fr"},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetNoOverride":true,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(le lien est externe)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":false,"extExclude":"","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".sharing .item-list","extCssExplicit":".main-column .field, .tender-list-bloc h2, .tender-list-bloc .field, .header-menu .menu-item, .footer-nav ul.menu, .view-research .item-list, .join .link-all, #mag-slide .items .link-all, .left-column .links-related, .other-resources .item-list, .press_slide__main .media-link, .press_slide__main .visual-link, #news-list .link-all","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"ext","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"cnrs_emailformatter":{"step":9},"text_resize":{"text_resize_scope":"main","text_resize_minimum":8,"text_resize_maximum":24,"text_resize_line_height_allow":false,"text_resize_line_height_min":null,"text_resize_line_height_max":null},"mathjax":{"config_type":0,"config":{"tex2jax":{"inlineMath":[["$","$"],["\\(","\\)"]],"processEscapes":"true"},"showProcessingMessages":"false","messageStyle":"none"}},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} sur {total}","previous":"\u00ab Pr\u00e9c.","next":"Suivant \u00bb","close":"Fermer","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"0162fc16cdcb29b8ba53bb931a599005c8c635665e626f3d872c067244581883"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_hdk5A5B1Hi0vznB6ACgd8ud_mrkEGsESjVYHQGHQNw0.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=fr&theme=cnrs&include=eJx1jtEOwyAIRX_IyCc1zNLWTcUgJm5fPxe7tX3YCxxuTm7ARlk9ww0LGZekTLLmGX5kcQjG549yeCfCWjY01DT49IBZasZg93N0Oo6RE5zYLsyaWKkMozeITyvs-xo6zs9rkvvUv90U0YeFJaIqidH-yyRU_IvgxHYs063tjg0Kac3GcWC5cYMvHMlMC9agb1QteRY"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_15AeNuIfS4pgqfBswEWob34jKATEmzpo6Y1uldvO-5U.js?scope=footer&delta=1&language=fr&theme=cnrs&include=eJx1jtEOwyAIRX_IyCc1zNLWTcUgJm5fPxe7tX3YCxxuTm7ARlk9ww0LGZekTLLmGX5kcQjG549yeCfCWjY01DT49IBZasZg93N0Oo6RE5zYLsyaWKkMozeITyvs-xo6zs9rkvvUv90U0YeFJaIqidH-yyRU_IvgxHYs063tjg0Kac3GcWC5cYMvHMlMC9agb1QteRY"></script> <script src="https://player.ausha.co/ausha-player.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_XBumnbEVsfcQMk4yddc30Mwfem0KYcL5Fu5HT6dNeoo.js?scope=footer&delta=3&language=fr&theme=cnrs&include=eJx1jtEOwyAIRX_IyCc1zNLWTcUgJm5fPxe7tX3YCxxuTm7ARlk9ww0LGZekTLLmGX5kcQjG549yeCfCWjY01DT49IBZasZg93N0Oo6RE5zYLsyaWKkMozeITyvs-xo6zs9rkvvUv90U0YeFJaIqidH-yyRU_IvgxHYs063tjg0Kac3GcWC5cYMvHMlMC9agb1QteRY"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_SlsyakCuB_wJBg0VJ_s42PgzOc5EtzGxCD6mczWeP6I.js?scope=footer&delta=4&language=fr&theme=cnrs&include=eJx1jtEOwyAIRX_IyCc1zNLWTcUgJm5fPxe7tX3YCxxuTm7ARlk9ww0LGZekTLLmGX5kcQjG549yeCfCWjY01DT49IBZasZg93N0Oo6RE5zYLsyaWKkMozeITyvs-xo6zs9rkvvUv90U0YeFJaIqidH-yyRU_IvgxHYs063tjg0Kac3GcWC5cYMvHMlMC9agb1QteRY"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js__PEeNaK5YlexgkaBhsd8SeeAwboJHG_wL65KeCV3RTM.js?scope=footer&delta=6&language=fr&theme=cnrs&include=eJx1jtEOwyAIRX_IyCc1zNLWTcUgJm5fPxe7tX3YCxxuTm7ARlk9ww0LGZekTLLmGX5kcQjG549yeCfCWjY01DT49IBZasZg93N0Oo6RE5zYLsyaWKkMozeITyvs-xo6zs9rkvvUv90U0YeFJaIqidH-yyRU_IvgxHYs063tjg0Kac3GcWC5cYMvHMlMC9agb1QteRY"></script> </body> </html>