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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Subfamilies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subfamilies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Diet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_enemies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_enemies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Natural enemies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_enemies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Leaf beetle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="خنفساء الأوراق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خنفساء الأوراق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysomelidae" title="Chrysomelidae – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chrysomelidae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarpaqyey%C9%99nl%C9%99r" title="Yarpaqyeyənlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yarpaqyeyənlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A1_%D2%A1%D1%83%D2%A3%D1%8B%D2%99%D1%8B" title="Япраҡ ҡуңыҙы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Япраҡ ҡуңыҙы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Лістаеды – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лістаеды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Листояди – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Листояди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlatice" title="Zlatice – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zlatice" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisom%C3%A8lids" title="Crisomèlids – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Crisomèlids" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysomelidae" title="Chrysomelidae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Chrysomelidae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelinkovit%C3%AD" title="Mandelinkovití – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mandelinkovití" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladbiller" title="Bladbiller – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bladbiller" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blattk%C3%A4fer" title="Blattkäfer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blattkäfer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1d%C3%ADd%C3%AD%C3%ADn_yiy%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Tádídíín yiyání – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tádídíín yiyání" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poilased" title="Poilased – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poilased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysomelidae" title="Chrysomelidae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chrysomelidae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foliskaraboj" title="Foliskaraboj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Foliskaraboj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysomelidae" title="Chrysomelidae – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Chrysomelidae" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="سوسک برگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوسک برگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysomelidae" title="Chrysomelidae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chrysomelidae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciar%C3%B3g_dhuille" title="Ciaróg dhuille – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ciaróg dhuille" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisom%C3%A9lidos" title="Crisomélidos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Crisomélidos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%8E%EB%B2%8C%EB%A0%88%EA%B3%BC" title="잎벌레과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잎벌레과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Տերևակերներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տերևակերներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlatice_(kukci)" title="Zlatice (kukci) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zlatice (kukci)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%82%C3%A6%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сыфтæрхор – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сыфтæрхор" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysomelidae" title="Chrysomelidae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chrysomelidae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფოთლიჭამიასებრნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფოთლიჭამიასებრნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96" title="Жапырақ жемірі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жапырақ жемірі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жалбырак кемиргичтер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жалбырак кемиргичтер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysomelidae" title="Chrysomelidae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chrysomelidae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapgrau%C5%BEu_dzimta" title="Lapgraužu dzimta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lapgraužu dzimta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapgrau%C5%BEiai" title="Lapgraužiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lapgraužiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%C3%A9lbog%C3%A1rf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Levélbogárfélék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Levélbogárfélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="خنفسة الاوراق – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خنفسة الاوراق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbang_daun" title="Kumbang daun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kumbang daun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladkevers" title="Bladkevers – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bladkevers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B7" title="ハムシ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハムシ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladbiller" title="Bladbiller – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bladbiller" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blattk%C3%A4vers" title="Blattkävers – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Blattkävers" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonkowate" title="Stonkowate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stonkowate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisomel%C3%ADdeos" title="Crisomelídeos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Crisomelídeos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisomelide" title="Crisomelide – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Crisomelide" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Листоеды – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Листоеды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_beetle" title="Leaf beetle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Leaf beetle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liskavkovit%C3%A9" title="Liskavkovité – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Liskavkovité" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepenci" title="Lepenci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lepenci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysomelidae" title="Chrysomelidae – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Chrysomelidae" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of beetles</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Leaf beetle<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Aptian–Present</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:178.91076923077px; width:41.089230769231px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:178.91076923077px; width:41.089230769231px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:179.91076923077px; width:39.089230769231px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarlet_lily_beetle_lilioceris_lilii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Scarlet_lily_beetle_lilioceris_lilii.jpg/220px-Scarlet_lily_beetle_lilioceris_lilii.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Scarlet_lily_beetle_lilioceris_lilii.jpg/330px-Scarlet_lily_beetle_lilioceris_lilii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Scarlet_lily_beetle_lilioceris_lilii.jpg/440px-Scarlet_lily_beetle_lilioceris_lilii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1238" data-file-height="825" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Scarlet lily beetle <i><a href="/wiki/Lilioceris_lilii" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilioceris lilii">Lilioceris lilii</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Chrysomelidae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insecta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">Coleoptera</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Superfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chrysomeloidea" title="Chrysomeloidea">Chrysomeloidea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrysomelidae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Latreille</a>, 1802 <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subfamilies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>See text </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The insects of the beetle <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <b>Chrysomelidae</b> are commonly known as <b>leaf beetles</b>, and include over 37,000 (and probably at least 50,000)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> in more than 2,500 <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a>, making up one of the largest and most commonly encountered of all beetle families. Numerous <a href="/wiki/Subfamilies" class="mw-redirect" title="Subfamilies">subfamilies</a> are recognized, but the precise taxonomy and systematics are likely to change with ongoing research. </p><p>Leaf beetles are partially recognizable by their <a href="/wiki/Tarsal_formula" title="Tarsal formula">tarsal formula</a>, which appears to be 4-4-4, but is actually 5-5-5 as the fourth tarsal segment is very small and hidden by the third.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with many taxa, no single character defines the Chrysomelidae; instead, the family is delineated by a set of characters.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some lineages are only distinguished with difficulty from <a href="/wiki/Longhorn_beetle" title="Longhorn beetle">longhorn beetles</a> (family <a href="/wiki/Cerambycidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerambycidae">Cerambycidae</a>), namely by the <a href="/wiki/Antenna_(biology)" title="Antenna (biology)">antennae</a> not arising from frontal <a href="/wiki/Tubercle" title="Tubercle">tubercles</a>. </p><p>Adult and <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larval</a> leaf beetles feed on all sorts of plant tissue. Many are serious pests of cultivated plants, for example the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_potato_beetle" title="Colorado potato beetle">Colorado potato beetle</a> (<i>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Asparagus_beetle" title="Asparagus beetle">asparagus beetle</a> (<i>Crioceris asparagi</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Cereal_leaf_beetle" title="Cereal leaf beetle">cereal leaf beetle</a> (<i>Oulema melanopus</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Phaedon_cochleariae" title="Phaedon cochleariae">mustard beetle</a> (<i>Phaedon cochleariae</i>) and various <a href="/wiki/Flea_beetle" title="Flea beetle">flea beetles</a>, and a few act as vectors of <a href="/wiki/Plant_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant diseases">plant diseases</a>. Others are beneficial due to their use in <a href="/wiki/Biocontrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Biocontrol">biocontrol</a> of invasive weeds. Some Chrysomelidae are conspicuously colored, typically in glossy yellow to red or metallic blue-green hues, and some (especially <a href="/wiki/Cassidinae" title="Cassidinae">Cassidinae</a>) have spectacularly bizarre shapes. Thus, they are highly popular among <a href="/wiki/Insect_collecting" title="Insect collecting">insect collectors</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf_beetle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Imago" title="Imago">imagos</a> of leaf beetles are small to medium-sized, i.e. most species range from 1.0 to 18 mm in length, excluding appendages, with just a few larger species such as <i>Alurnus humeralis</i>, which reaches 35 mm. The bodies of most species are domed, and oval in dorsal view (though some are round or elongated), and they often possess a metallic luster or multiple colors. In most specimens, the antennae are notably shorter than head, thorax, and abdomen, i.e. not more than half their combined length. The second antennal segment is of normal size (which differentiates leaf beetles from the closely related longhorn beetles). In most species, the antennal segments are of a more or less equal shape, at most they gradually widen towards the tip, although some Galerucinae in particular have modified segments, mainly in males. The first segment of the antenna in most cases is larger than the following ones. The <a href="/wiki/Prothorax" title="Prothorax">pronotum</a> of leaf beetles varies between species. In most, it is slightly to highly domed and trapezoidal to rounded-squarish in dorsal view. In some subfamilies such as the Cassidinae and to a lesser extent the Cryptocephalinae, the head is covered by the pronotum and thus not visible from above. The first three sternites are not fused, instead being linked by mobile sutures. Most species possess wings, although the level of development and thus flight ability varies widely, including within a single species, and some are flightless with fused elytra.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subfamilies">Subfamilies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf_beetle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Subfamilies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The family includes these subfamilies: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruchinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruchinae">Bruchinae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Latreille</a>, 1802</small> – bean weevils or seed beetles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassidinae" title="Cassidinae">Cassidinae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Gyllenhaal" title="Leonard Gyllenhaal">Gyllenhaal</a>, 1813</small> – tortoise beetles; includes the former "Hispinae"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysomelinae" title="Chrysomelinae">Chrysomelinae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Latreille</a>, 1802</small> – broad-bodied leaf beetles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criocerinae" title="Criocerinae">Criocerinae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Latreille</a>, 1804</small> – asparagus beetles, lily beetles, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptocephalinae" title="Cryptocephalinae">Cryptocephalinae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Gyllenhaal" title="Leonard Gyllenhaal">Gyllenhaal</a>, 1813</small> – cylindrical leaf beetles and warty leaf beetles; includes former "Chlamisinae" and "Clytrinae"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donaciinae" title="Donaciinae">Donaciinae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/William_Kirby_(entomologist)" title="William Kirby (entomologist)">Kirby</a>, 1837</small> – longhorned leaf beetles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumolpinae" title="Eumolpinae">Eumolpinae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Hope" title="Frederick William Hope">Hope</a>, 1840</small> – oval leaf beetles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerucinae" title="Galerucinae">Galerucinae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Latreille</a>, 1802</small> – includes the former "Alticinae" (flea beetles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamprosomatinae" title="Lamprosomatinae">Lamprosomatinae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Jean_Th%C3%A9odore_Lacordaire" title="Jean Théodore Lacordaire">Lacordaire</a>, 1848</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagrinae" title="Sagrinae">Sagrinae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/William_Elford_Leach" title="William Elford Leach">Leach</a>, 1815</small> – frog-legged beetles or kangaroo beetles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilopyrinae" title="Spilopyrinae">Spilopyrinae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licien_Chapuis" title="Félicien Chapuis">Chapuis</a>, 1874</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synetinae" title="Synetinae">Synetinae</a> <small><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_LeConte" title="John Lawrence LeConte">LeConte</a> & <a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Horn" title="George Henry Horn">Horn</a>, 1883</small> – sometimes considered a tribe of Eumolpinae</li></ul> <p>Until recently, the subfamily Bruchinae was considered a separate family, while two former subfamilies are presently considered families (<a href="/wiki/Orsodacnidae" title="Orsodacnidae">Orsodacnidae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Megalopodidae" title="Megalopodidae">Megalopodidae</a>). Other commonly recognized subfamilies have recently been grouped with other subfamilies, usually reducing them to tribal rank (e.g., the former <a href="/wiki/Alticinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alticinae">Alticinae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlamisinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlamisinae">Chlamisinae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clytrinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Clytrinae">Clytrinae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hispinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispinae">Hispinae</a>). The extinct subfamily <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protoscelidinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protoscelidinae (page does not exist)">Protoscelidinae</a>, containing fossils described from the Middle to Late <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> <a href="/wiki/Karabastau_Formation" title="Karabastau Formation">Karabastau Formation</a>, Kazakhstan, has been transferred to the family <a href="/wiki/Anthribidae" title="Anthribidae">Anthribidae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diet">Diet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf_beetle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Diet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chrysomelidae in general are herbivorous. Adults mostly feed on leaves and flowers of <a href="/wiki/Angiosperm" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperm">angiosperm</a> plants, while larval diets are diverse.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Bruchinae larvae are seed-borers, usually in seeds of <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a>. Many adults feed on <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a>, not necessarily that of the larval host.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some do not feed as adults.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cassidinae larvae may be <a href="/wiki/Leaf_miner" title="Leaf miner">leaf miners</a> (many of the former Hispinae), <a href="/wiki/Stemborer" title="Stemborer">stem borers</a> (e.g. <i>Estigmena</i>) and external leaf feeders (e.g. <i>Leptispa</i>, <i>Oediopalpa</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Chrysomelinae generally feed on leaves as adults and larvae, though some species feed on flowers instead.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Criocerinae larvae are usually leaf miners or feed externally on leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some species are <a href="/wiki/Gall" title="Gall">gallers</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Eumolpinae larvae feed on roots.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Most Cryptocephalinae larvae live and feed in <a href="/wiki/Leaf_litter" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaf litter">leaf litter</a>, making them <a href="/wiki/Detritivore" title="Detritivore">detritivores</a>, while a few feed on green leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Cryptocephalinae have larvae that live in ant nests (<a href="/wiki/Myrmecophily" title="Myrmecophily">myrmecophily</a>), where they feed on dead plant or even dead animal matter.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The semi-aquatic Donaciinae have larvae feeding on the sap of roots of aquatic plants. In addition to food, they also obtain <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> this way, from the plant's intercellular spaces. Adults feed on leaves of aquatic plants.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Galerucinae are quite varied, with larvae living in soil and feeding on rootlets (e.g. <i>Aulacophora</i>, <i>Cerotoma</i>, <i>Diabrotica</i>), mining leaves (some <i>Monoxia</i>) or feeding externally on plants (e.g. <i>Arima</i>, <i>Galeruca</i>, <i>Galerucella</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lamprosomatinae larvae feed on green plant parts or graze on bark.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sagrinae larvae mostly form galls in stems of shrubs,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecynodera_balyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecynodera balyi (page does not exist)">Mecynodera balyi</a></i> instead feeds inside seed pods of <i><a href="/wiki/Pandorea" title="Pandorea">Pandorea</a></i> vines.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adults feed on pollen.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Spilopyrinae larvae are external leaf feeders.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Synetinae larvae feed on roots, mainly of trees in cold northern forests.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_enemies">Natural enemies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf_beetle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Natural enemies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Finnish researcher published an exhaustive paper describing the natural enemies of the alder leaf beetle <i><a href="/wiki/Plagiosterna_aenea" title="Plagiosterna aenea">Plagiosterna aenea</a></i> and other species of leaf beetles observed in the field.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Predators of chrysomelid eggs include true bugs such as <i>Anthocorus nemorum</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Orthotylus_marginalis" title="Orthotylus marginalis">Orthotylus marginalis</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoverflies (e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Parasyrphus_nigritarsis" title="Parasyrphus nigritarsis">Parasyrphus nigritarsis</a></i>) sometimes lay eggs adjacent to beetle egg clutches and when the fly larva hatches it consumes beetle eggs and young larvae.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Larval predators include <i>A. nemorum,</i> the bug <i><a href="/wiki/Rhacognathus_punctatus" title="Rhacognathus punctatus">Rhacognathus punctatus</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the wasp <i><a href="/wiki/Symmorphus_bifasciatus" title="Symmorphus bifasciatus">Symmorphus bifasciatus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some species of wasps, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Polistes_carolina" title="Polistes carolina">Polistes carolina</a></i>, have been known to prey upon Chrysomelidae larvae after the eggs are laid in flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-canada_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canada-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adult beetles are consumed by <i>R. punctatus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More information about natural enemies can be found in the articles about the chrysomelid beetles <i><a href="/wiki/Chrysomela_aeneicollis" title="Chrysomela aeneicollis">Chrysomela aeneicollis</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Phratora_laticollis" title="Phratora laticollis">Phratora laticollis</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Phratora_vitellinae" title="Phratora vitellinae">Phratora vitellinae</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf_beetle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acalymma_vittatum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Acalymma vittatum"><img alt="Acalymma vittatum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Acalymma_vittatum.jpg/120px-Acalymma_vittatum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Acalymma_vittatum.jpg/180px-Acalymma_vittatum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Acalymma_vittatum.jpg/240px-Acalymma_vittatum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="458" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Acalymma_vittatum" title="Acalymma vittatum">Acalymma vittatum</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agelastica_alni.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Agelastica alni"><img alt="Agelastica alni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Agelastica_alni.jpg/120px-Agelastica_alni.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Agelastica_alni.jpg/180px-Agelastica_alni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Agelastica_alni.jpg/240px-Agelastica_alni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2093" data-file-height="1391" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Agelastica_alni" title="Agelastica alni">Agelastica alni</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altica_larva.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Altica, larva"><img alt="Altica, larva" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Altica_larva.jpg/120px-Altica_larva.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Altica_larva.jpg/180px-Altica_larva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Altica_larva.jpg/240px-Altica_larva.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Altica" title="Altica">Altica</a></i>, larva</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruchus_pisorum01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bruchus pisorum (Bruchinae)"><img alt="Bruchus pisorum (Bruchinae)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bruchus_pisorum01.jpg/120px-Bruchus_pisorum01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bruchus_pisorum01.jpg/180px-Bruchus_pisorum01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bruchus_pisorum01.jpg/240px-Bruchus_pisorum01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="919" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Bruchus_pisorum" title="Bruchus pisorum">Bruchus pisorum</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Bruchinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruchinae">Bruchinae</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charidotella_sexpunctata_pupa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charidotella sexpunctata, pupa"><img alt="Charidotella sexpunctata, pupa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Charidotella_sexpunctata_pupa.jpg/120px-Charidotella_sexpunctata_pupa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Charidotella_sexpunctata_pupa.jpg/180px-Charidotella_sexpunctata_pupa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Charidotella_sexpunctata_pupa.jpg/240px-Charidotella_sexpunctata_pupa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2025" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Charidotella_sexpunctata" title="Charidotella sexpunctata">Charidotella sexpunctata</a></i>, pupa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysolina-americana-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chrysolina americana"><img alt="Chrysolina americana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Chrysolina-americana-1.jpg/120px-Chrysolina-americana-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Chrysolina-americana-1.jpg/180px-Chrysolina-americana-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Chrysolina-americana-1.jpg/240px-Chrysolina-americana-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Chrysolina_americana" title="Chrysolina americana">Chrysolina americana</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysomelidae_082._Escaravello_en_Bastavales,_Bri%C3%B3n._Marzo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chrysolina bankii"><img alt="Chrysolina bankii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chrysomelidae_082._Escaravello_en_Bastavales%2C_Bri%C3%B3n._Marzo.jpg/120px-Chrysomelidae_082._Escaravello_en_Bastavales%2C_Bri%C3%B3n._Marzo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chrysomelidae_082._Escaravello_en_Bastavales%2C_Bri%C3%B3n._Marzo.jpg/180px-Chrysomelidae_082._Escaravello_en_Bastavales%2C_Bri%C3%B3n._Marzo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chrysomelidae_082._Escaravello_en_Bastavales%2C_Bri%C3%B3n._Marzo.jpg/240px-Chrysomelidae_082._Escaravello_en_Bastavales%2C_Bri%C3%B3n._Marzo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1908" data-file-height="1431" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Chrysolina_bankii" title="Chrysolina bankii">Chrysolina bankii</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysolina_fastuosa01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chrysolina fastuosa"><img alt="Chrysolina fastuosa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chrysolina_fastuosa01.jpg/120px-Chrysolina_fastuosa01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chrysolina_fastuosa01.jpg/180px-Chrysolina_fastuosa01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chrysolina_fastuosa01.jpg/240px-Chrysolina_fastuosa01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1410" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Chrysolina_fastuosa" title="Chrysolina fastuosa">Chrysolina fastuosa</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysomela_populi1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chrysomela populi"><img alt="Chrysomela populi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Chrysomela_populi1.jpg/120px-Chrysomela_populi1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Chrysomela_populi1.jpg/180px-Chrysomela_populi1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Chrysomela_populi1.jpg/240px-Chrysomela_populi1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Chrysomela_populi" title="Chrysomela populi">Chrysomela populi</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clytra_laeviuscula.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clytra laeviuscula"><img alt="Clytra laeviuscula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Clytra_laeviuscula.jpg/103px-Clytra_laeviuscula.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Clytra_laeviuscula.jpg/155px-Clytra_laeviuscula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Clytra_laeviuscula.jpg/206px-Clytra_laeviuscula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="684" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Clytra_laeviuscula" title="Clytra laeviuscula">Clytra laeviuscula</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crioceris_asparagi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crioceris asparagi"><img alt="Crioceris asparagi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Crioceris_asparagi.jpg/120px-Crioceris_asparagi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Crioceris_asparagi.jpg/180px-Crioceris_asparagi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Crioceris_asparagi.jpg/240px-Crioceris_asparagi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Crioceris_asparagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Crioceris asparagi">Crioceris asparagi</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Donacia_splendida_syntype_B_MNHN.F.R06676_direct_lighting.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Donacia splendida, fossil"><img alt="Donacia splendida, fossil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Donacia_splendida_syntype_B_MNHN.F.R06676_direct_lighting.jpg/120px-Donacia_splendida_syntype_B_MNHN.F.R06676_direct_lighting.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Donacia_splendida_syntype_B_MNHN.F.R06676_direct_lighting.jpg/180px-Donacia_splendida_syntype_B_MNHN.F.R06676_direct_lighting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Donacia_splendida_syntype_B_MNHN.F.R06676_direct_lighting.jpg/240px-Donacia_splendida_syntype_B_MNHN.F.R06676_direct_lighting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1181" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donacia_splendida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donacia splendida (page does not exist)">Donacia splendida</a></i>, fossil</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labidomera_clivicollis_larva.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Labidomera clivicollis, larva"><img alt="Labidomera clivicollis, larva" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Labidomera_clivicollis_larva.jpg/120px-Labidomera_clivicollis_larva.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Labidomera_clivicollis_larva.jpg/180px-Labidomera_clivicollis_larva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Labidomera_clivicollis_larva.jpg/240px-Labidomera_clivicollis_larva.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1685" data-file-height="1541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Labidomera_clivicollis" class="mw-redirect" title="Labidomera clivicollis">Labidomera clivicollis</a></i>, larva</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lilioceris_lilii.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lilioceris lilii"><img alt="Lilioceris lilii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Lilioceris_lilii.jpg/67px-Lilioceris_lilii.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Lilioceris_lilii.jpg/101px-Lilioceris_lilii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Lilioceris_lilii.jpg/135px-Lilioceris_lilii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="1760" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Lilioceris_lilii" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilioceris lilii">Lilioceris lilii</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luperus_longicornis01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luperus longicornis"><img alt="Luperus longicornis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Luperus_longicornis01.jpg/120px-Luperus_longicornis01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Luperus_longicornis01.jpg/180px-Luperus_longicornis01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Luperus_longicornis01.jpg/240px-Luperus_longicornis01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1337" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Luperus_longicornis" title="Luperus longicornis">Luperus longicornis</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sphaeroderma_rubidum01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sphaeroderma rubidum"><img alt="Sphaeroderma rubidum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sphaeroderma_rubidum01.jpg/120px-Sphaeroderma_rubidum01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sphaeroderma_rubidum01.jpg/180px-Sphaeroderma_rubidum01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sphaeroderma_rubidum01.jpg/240px-Sphaeroderma_rubidum01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1304" data-file-height="957" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphaeroderma_rubidum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphaeroderma rubidum (page does not exist)">Sphaeroderma rubidum</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Timarcha_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Timarcha sp."><img alt="Timarcha sp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Timarcha_01.jpg/120px-Timarcha_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Timarcha_01.jpg/180px-Timarcha_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Timarcha_01.jpg/240px-Timarcha_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="674" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Timarcha" title="Timarcha">Timarcha</a></i> sp.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xanthogaleruca_luteola_20060905_582_part.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xanthogaleruca luteola"><img alt="Xanthogaleruca luteola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Xanthogaleruca_luteola_20060905_582_part.jpg/120px-Xanthogaleruca_luteola_20060905_582_part.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Xanthogaleruca_luteola_20060905_582_part.jpg/180px-Xanthogaleruca_luteola_20060905_582_part.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Xanthogaleruca_luteola_20060905_582_part.jpg/240px-Xanthogaleruca_luteola_20060905_582_part.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Xanthogaleruca_luteola" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthogaleruca luteola">Xanthogaleruca luteola</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leaf_Beetle_Grubs_(Chrysomelidae_spp.).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Several Chrysomelidae spp. larvae feeding on undefined host plant"><img alt="Several Chrysomelidae spp. larvae feeding on undefined host plant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Leaf_Beetle_Grubs_%28Chrysomelidae_spp.%29.jpg/107px-Leaf_Beetle_Grubs_%28Chrysomelidae_spp.%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Leaf_Beetle_Grubs_%28Chrysomelidae_spp.%29.jpg/161px-Leaf_Beetle_Grubs_%28Chrysomelidae_spp.%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Leaf_Beetle_Grubs_%28Chrysomelidae_spp.%29.jpg/214px-Leaf_Beetle_Grubs_%28Chrysomelidae_spp.%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1765" data-file-height="1977" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Several Chrysomelidae spp. larvae feeding on undefined host plant</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altica_cirsicola.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Altica cirsicola"><img alt="Altica cirsicola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Altica_cirsicola.jpeg/86px-Altica_cirsicola.jpeg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Altica_cirsicola.jpeg/128px-Altica_cirsicola.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Altica_cirsicola.jpeg/171px-Altica_cirsicola.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Altica_cirsicola" title="Altica cirsicola">Altica cirsicola</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm/120px--Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="70" data-durationhint="4" data-mwtitle="Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="824" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1236" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1854" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="2469" data-height="1438" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="248" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="412" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="618" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm/Aulacophora_nigripennis_-_kanagawa_japan_-_2024_05_11.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="618" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Aulacophora_nigripennis" title="Aulacophora nigripennis">Aulacophora nigripennis</a></i> flying away in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chelymorpha_alternans_(9621011749).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chelymorpha alternans"><img alt="Chelymorpha alternans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chelymorpha_alternans_%289621011749%29.jpg/120px-Chelymorpha_alternans_%289621011749%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chelymorpha_alternans_%289621011749%29.jpg/180px-Chelymorpha_alternans_%289621011749%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chelymorpha_alternans_%289621011749%29.jpg/240px-Chelymorpha_alternans_%289621011749%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2858" data-file-height="2491" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Chelymorpha_alternans" title="Chelymorpha alternans">Chelymorpha alternans</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thlaspida_lewisii.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thlaspida lewisii"><img alt="Thlaspida lewisii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Thlaspida_lewisii.jpg/120px-Thlaspida_lewisii.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Thlaspida_lewisii.jpg/180px-Thlaspida_lewisii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Thlaspida_lewisii.jpg/240px-Thlaspida_lewisii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thlaspida_lewisii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thlaspida lewisii (page does not exist)">Thlaspida lewisii</a></i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf_beetle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=114509">"Chrysomelidae"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chrysomelidae&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D114509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeaf+beetle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061013233916/http://eny3005.ifas.ufl.edu/lab1/Coleoptera/Chrysomelid.htm">"Family Identification – Chrysomeloidea"</a>. University of Florida. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eny3005.ifas.ufl.edu/lab1/Coleoptera/Chrysomelid.htm">the original</a> on 2006-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Family+Identification+%E2%80%93+Chrysomeloidea&rft.pub=University+of+Florida&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feny3005.ifas.ufl.edu%2Flab1%2FColeoptera%2FChrysomelid.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeaf+beetle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJolivetVerma2002" class="citation book cs1">Jolivet, Pierre; Verma, Krishna K. (2002). <i>Biology of Leaf Beetles</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology&rft.atitle=Polistes+carolina+%28Linnaeus%2C+1767%29&rft.volume=05&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3752%2Fcjai.2008.05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biology.ualberta.ca%2Fbsc%2Fejournal%2Fbmc_05%2F72p_carolina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeaf+beetle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf_beetle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLöblSmetana2010" class="citation book cs1">Löbl, Ivan; Smetana, Ales, eds. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qt8zDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA337">"Chrysomelidae"</a>. <i>Chrysomeloidea</i>. Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 6. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. pp. 337–643. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-26091-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-26091-7"><bdi>978-90-04-26091-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chrysomelidae&rft.btitle=Chrysomeloidea&rft.series=Catalogue+of+Palaearctic+Coleoptera&rft.pages=337-643&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-04-26091-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqt8zDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeaf+beetle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRileyClarkSeeno2003" class="citation book cs1">Riley, Edward G.; Clark, Shawn M.; Seeno, Terry N. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/catalogleafbeet00rile/catalogleafbeet00rile/"><i>Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae)</i></a>. Special Publication. Vol. 1. Sacramento, CA: The Coleopterists Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9726087-1-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9726087-1-0"><bdi>0-9726087-1-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalog+of+the+leaf+beetles+of+America+north+of+Mexico+%28Coleoptera%3A+Megalopodidae%2C+Orsodacnidae+and+Chrysomelidae%2C+excluding+Bruchinae%29&rft.place=Sacramento%2C+CA&rft.series=Special+Publication&rft.pub=The+Coleopterists+Society&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-9726087-1-0&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Edward+G.&rft.au=Clark%2C+Shawn+M.&rft.au=Seeno%2C+Terry+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcatalogleafbeet00rile%2Fcatalogleafbeet00rile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeaf+beetle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaf_beetle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chrysomelidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Chrysomelidae">Chrysomelidae</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chrysomelidae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chrysomelidae">Chrysomelidae</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090617215640/http://home.zonnet.nl/winkelman114/begin.htm">Chyrsomelidae of northwest Europe</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cassidae.uni.wroc.pl/European%20Chrysomelidae/list%20of%20subfamilies.htm">List of subfamilies of European Chrysomelidae</a> from <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wroc%C5%82aw" title="University of Wrocław">University of Wrocław</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027113657/http://geocities.com/brisbane_leafbeetles/CHRYSOMELIDAE.htm">Brisbane leaf beetles</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/mikesinsectkeys/Home/keys-to-coleoptera/chrysomelidae">Keys to the British genera and species of Chrysomelidae</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chrysomelidae.miza-ucv.org.ve/">Chrysomelidae @ MIZA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024090711/http://chrysomelidae.miza-ucv.org.ve/">Archived</a> 2020-10-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div 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href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insecta</a></li> <li>Subclass: <a href="/wiki/Pterygota" title="Pterygota">Pterygota</a></li> <li>Infraclass: <a href="/wiki/Neoptera" title="Neoptera">Neoptera</a></li> <li>Superorder: <a href="/wiki/Holometabola" title="Holometabola">Holometabola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Archostemata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Archostemata" title="Archostemata">Archostemata</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crowsoniella" title="Crowsoniella">Crowsoniellidae <small>(<i>Crowsoniella relicta</i>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupedidae" title="Cupedidae">Cupedidae <small>(reticulated beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurodidae" title="Jurodidae">Jurodidae <small>(<i>Sikhotealinia zhiltzovae</i>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micromalthidae" title="Micromalthidae">Micromalthidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ommatidae" title="Ommatidae">Ommatidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Adephaga" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Adephaga" title="Adephaga">Adephaga</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Extant_families" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extant_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Extant taxon">Extant</a> families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphizoa" title="Amphizoa">Amphizoidae <small>(trout-stream beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspidytidae" title="Aspidytidae">Aspidytidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_beetle" title="Ground beetle">Carabidae <small>(ground beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_beetle" title="Tiger beetle">Cicindelidae <small>(tiger beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dytiscidae" title="Dytiscidae">Dytiscidae <small>(predaceous diving beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirligig_beetle" title="Whirligig beetle">Gyrinidae <small>(whirligig beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haliplidae" title="Haliplidae">Haliplidae <small>(crawling water beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygrobia" title="Hygrobia">Hygrobiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meru_phyllisae" title="Meru phyllisae">Meruidae <small>(<i>Meru phyllisae</i>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noteridae" title="Noteridae">Noteridae <small>(burrowing water beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachypachidae" title="Trachypachidae">Trachypachidae <small>(false ground beetles)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Myxophaga" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Myxophaga" title="Myxophaga">Myxophaga</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydroscaphidae" title="Hydroscaphidae">Hydroscaphidae <small>(skiff beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepicerus" title="Lepicerus">Lepiceridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphaerius" title="Sphaerius">Sphaeriusidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torridincolidae" title="Torridincolidae">Torridincolidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Polyphaga" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Polyphaga" title="Polyphaga">Polyphaga</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bostrichiformia" title="Bostrichiformia">Bostrichiformia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Bostrichoidea" title="Bostrichoidea">Bostrichoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bostrichidae" title="Bostrichidae">Bostrichidae <small>(auger beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermestidae" title="Dermestidae">Dermestidae <small>(skin beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endecatomus" title="Endecatomus">Endecatomidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobsoniidae" title="Jacobsoniidae">Jacobsoniidae <small>(Jacobson's beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nosodendridae" title="Nosodendridae">Nosodendridae <small>(wounded-tree beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptinidae" title="Ptinidae">Ptiniidae <small>(furniture beetles, death watch beetles, spider beetles)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Derodontidae" title="Derodontidae">Derodontoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Derodontidae" title="Derodontidae">Derodontidae <small>(tooth-necked fungus beetles)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cucujiformia" title="Cucujiformia">Cucujiformia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chrysomeloidea" title="Chrysomeloidea">Chrysomeloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longhorn_beetle" title="Longhorn beetle">Cerambycidae <small>(longhorn beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chrysomelidae <small>(leaf beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disteniidae" title="Disteniidae">Disteniidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalopodidae" title="Megalopodidae">Megalopodidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsodacnidae" title="Orsodacnidae">Orsodacnidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxypeltidae" title="Oxypeltidae">Oxypeltidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesperidae" title="Vesperidae">Vesperidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cleroidea" title="Cleroidea">Cleroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acanthocnemus" title="Acanthocnemus">Acanthocnemidae <small>(<i>Acanthocnemus nigricans</i>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphyllidae" title="Biphyllidae">Biphyllidae <small>(false skin beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byturidae" title="Byturidae">Byturidae <small>(fruitworm beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaetosomatidae" title="Chaetosomatidae">Chaetosomatidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleridae" title="Cleridae">Cleridae <small>(checkered beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophocateridae" title="Lophocateridae">Lophocateridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauroniscidae" title="Mauroniscidae">Mauroniscidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melyridae" title="Melyridae">Melyridae <small>(soft-wing flower beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxina" title="Metaxina">Metaxinidae <small>(<i>Metaxina ornata</i>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peltis" title="Peltis">Peltidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phloiophilus" title="Phloiophilus">Phloiophilidae <small>(<i>Phloiophilus edwardsi</i>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phycosecidae" title="Phycosecidae">Phycosecidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prionoceridae" title="Prionoceridae">Prionoceridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protopeltis" title="Protopeltis">Protopeltidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rentoniidae" title="Rentoniidae">Rentoniidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhadalidae" title="Rhadalidae">Rhadalidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanerocleridae" title="Thanerocleridae">Thanerocleridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymalidae" title="Thymalidae">Thymalidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trogossitidae" title="Trogossitidae">Trogossitidae <small>(bark-gnawing beetles)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Coccinelloidea" title="Coccinelloidea">Coccinelloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akalyptoischion" title="Akalyptoischion">Akalyptoischiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexiidae" title="Alexiidae">Alexiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anamorphidae" title="Anamorphidae">Anamorphidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothrideridae" title="Bothrideridae">Bothrideridae <small>(dry bark beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerylonidae" title="Cerylonidae">Cerylonidae <small>(minute bark beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coccinellidae" title="Coccinellidae">Coccinellidae <small>(lady beetles, or God's cows)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylophidae" title="Corylophidae">Corylophidae <small>(minute fungus beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discolomatidae" title="Discolomatidae">Discolomatidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endomychidae" title="Endomychidae">Endomychidae <small>(handsome fungus beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupsilobiidae" title="Eupsilobiidae">Eupsilobiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euxestidae" title="Euxestidae">Euxestidae <small>(well polished beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latridiidae" title="Latridiidae">Latridiidae <small>(minute brown scavenger beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murmidiidae" title="Murmidiidae">Murmidiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycetaeidae" title="Mycetaeidae">Mycetaeidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teredidae" title="Teredidae">Teredidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cucujoidea" title="Cucujoidea">Cucujoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agapytho" title="Agapytho">Agapythidae <small>(<i>Agapytho foveicollis</i>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boganiidae" title="Boganiidae">Boganiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavognathidae" title="Cavognathidae">Cavognathidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptophagidae" title="Cryptophagidae">Cryptophagidae <small>(silken fungus beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucujidae" title="Cucujidae">Cucujidae <small>(flat bark beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybocephalidae" title="Cybocephalidae">Cybocephalidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclaxyridae" title="Cyclaxyridae">Cyclaxyridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotylidae" title="Erotylidae">Erotylidae <small>(pleasing fungus beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helotidae" title="Helotidae">Helotidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobartiidae" title="Hobartiidae">Hobartiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateretidae" title="Kateretidae">Kateretidae <small>(short-winged flower beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laemophloeidae" title="Laemophloeidae">Laemophloeidae <small>(lined flat bark beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamingtonium" title="Lamingtonium">Lamingtoniidae <small>(<i>Lamingtonium binnaberrense</i>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotomidae" title="Monotomidae">Monotomidae <small>(root-eating beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myraboliidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myraboliidae">Myraboliidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sap_beetle" title="Sap beetle">Nitidulidae <small>(sap beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passandridae" title="Passandridae">Passandridae <small>(parasitic flat bark beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalacridae" title="Phalacridae">Phalacridae <small>(shining flower beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phloeostichidae" title="Phloeostichidae">Phloeostichidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priasilphidae" title="Priasilphidae">Priasilphidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propalticidae" title="Propalticidae">Propalticidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocucujidae" title="Protocucujidae">Protocucujidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvanidae" title="Silvanidae">Silvanidae <small>(silvanid flat bark beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smicripidae" title="Smicripidae">Smicripidae <small>(palmetto beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphindidae" title="Sphindidae">Sphindidae <small>(dry-fungus beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmosalpingus" title="Tasmosalpingus">Tasmosalpingidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Weevil" title="Weevil">Curculionoidea</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(weevils)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthribidae" title="Anthribidae">Anthribidae <small>(fungus weevils)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attelabidae" title="Attelabidae">Attelabidae <small>(leaf-rolling weevils)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belidae" title="Belidae">Belidae <small>(primitive weevils)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentidae" title="Brentidae">Brentidae <small>(straight snout weevils, New York weevil)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caridae" title="Caridae">Caridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curculionidae" title="Curculionidae">Curculionidae <small>(true weevils, bark beetles, ambrosia beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemonychidae" title="Nemonychidae">Nemonychidae <small>(pine flower weevils)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Lymexylidae" title="Lymexylidae">Lymexyloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lymexylidae" title="Lymexylidae">Lymexylidae <small>(ship-timber beetles)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Tenebrionoidea" title="Tenebrionoidea">Tenebrionoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aderidae" title="Aderidae">Aderidae <small>(ant-like leaf beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthicidae" title="Anthicidae">Anthicidae <small>(ant-like flower beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archeocrypticidae" title="Archeocrypticidae">Archeocrypticidae <small>(cryptic fungus beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boridae" title="Boridae">Boridae <small>(conifer bark beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcodryidae" title="Chalcodryidae">Chalcodryidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciidae" title="Ciidae">Ciidae <small>(minute tree-fungus beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melandryidae" title="Melandryidae">Melandryidae <small>(false darkling beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blister_beetle" title="Blister beetle">Meloidae <small>(blister beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordellidae" title="Mordellidae">Mordellidae <small>(tumbling flower beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycetophagidae" title="Mycetophagidae">Mycetophagidae <small>(hairy fungus beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycteridae" title="Mycteridae">Mycteridae <small>(palm and flower beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oedemeridae" title="Oedemeridae">Oedemeridae <small>(false blister beetle)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perimylopidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Perimylopidae">Perimylopidae, or Promecheilidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostomidae" title="Prostomidae">Prostomidae <small>(jugular-horned beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterogeniidae" title="Pterogeniidae">Pterogeniidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-coloured_beetle" title="Fire-coloured beetle">Pyrochroidae <small>(fire-coloured beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythidae" title="Pythidae">Pythidae <small>(dead log bark beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripiphoridae" title="Ripiphoridae">Ripiphoridae <small>(wedge-shaped beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salpingidae" title="Salpingidae">Salpingidae <small>(narrow-waisted bark beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraptiidae" title="Scraptiidae">Scraptiidae <small>(false flower beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenotrachelidae" title="Stenotrachelidae">Stenotrachelidae <small>(false longhorn beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchroidae" title="Synchroidae">Synchroidae <small>(synchroa bark beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkling_beetle" title="Darkling beetle">Tenebrionidae <small>(darkling beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetratomidae" title="Tetratomidae">Tetratomidae <small>(polypore fungus beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trictenotomidae" title="Trictenotomidae">Trictenotomidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulodidae" title="Ulodidae">Ulodidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zopheridae" title="Zopheridae">Zopheridae <small>(ironclad beetles, cylindrical bark beetles)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elateriformia" title="Elateriformia">Elateriformia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Buprestoidea" title="Buprestoidea">Buprestoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buprestidae" title="Buprestidae">Buprestidae <small>(jewel beetles, or metallic wood-boring beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schizopodidae" title="Schizopodidae">Schizopodidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Byrrhoidea" title="Byrrhoidea">Byrrhoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byrrhidae" title="Byrrhidae">Byrrhidae <small>(pill beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callirhipidae" title="Callirhipidae">Callirhipidae <small>(cedar beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelonariidae" title="Chelonariidae">Chelonariidae <small>(turtle beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cneoglossidae" title="Cneoglossidae">Cneoglossidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dryopidae" title="Dryopidae">Dryopidae <small>(long-toed water beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmidae" title="Elmidae">Elmidae <small>(riffle beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulichadidae" title="Eulichadidae">Eulichadidae <small>(forest stream beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteroceridae" title="Heteroceridae">Heteroceridae <small>(variegated mud-loving beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnichidae" title="Limnichidae">Limnichidae <small>(minute mud beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutrochidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutrochidae">Lutrochidae <small>(travertine beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-penny_beetles" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-penny beetles">Psephenidae <small>(water-penny beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptilodactylidae" title="Ptilodactylidae">Ptilodactylidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Dascilloidea" title="Dascilloidea">Dascilloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dascillidae" title="Dascillidae">Dascillidae <small>(soft bodied plant beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhipiceridae" title="Rhipiceridae">Rhipiceridae <small>(cicada beetle, cicada parasite beetles)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Elateroidea" title="Elateroidea">Elateroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artematopodidae" title="Artematopodidae">Artematopodidae <small>(soft-bodied plant beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachypsectridae" title="Brachypsectridae">Brachypsectridae <small>(Texas beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier_beetle" title="Soldier beetle">Cantharidae <small>(soldier beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerophytidae" title="Cerophytidae">Cerophytidae <small>(rare click beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Click_beetle" title="Click beetle">Elateridae <small>(click beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucnemidae" title="Eucnemidae">Eucnemidae <small>(false click beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurasaidae" title="Jurasaidae">Jurasaidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly" title="Firefly">Lampyridae <small>(fireflies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycidae" title="Lycidae">Lycidae <small>(net-winged beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omethidae" title="Omethidae">Omethidae <small>(false fireflies, long-lipped beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phengodidae" title="Phengodidae">Phengodidae <small>(glowworm beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhagophthalmidae" title="Rhagophthalmidae">Rhagophthalmidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopyrophoridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinopyrophoridae">Sinopyrophoridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throscidae" title="Throscidae">Throscidae <small>(false metallic wood-boring beetles)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Rhinorhipus" title="Rhinorhipus">Rhinorhipoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhinorhipus" title="Rhinorhipus">Rhinorhipidae <small>(<i>Rhinorhipus tamborinensis</i>)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Scirtoidea" title="Scirtoidea">Scirtoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clambidae" title="Clambidae">Clambidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declinia" title="Declinia">Decliniidae <small>(<i>Declinia relicta</i>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucinetidae" title="Eucinetidae">Eucinetidae <small>(plate-thigh beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scirtidae" title="Scirtidae">Scirtidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scarabaeoidea" title="Scarabaeoidea">Scarabaeiformia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Scarabaeoidea" title="Scarabaeoidea">Scarabaeoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belohina" title="Belohina">Belohinidae <small>(<i>Belohina inexpectata</i>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolboceratidae" title="Bolboceratidae">Bolboceratidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_stag_beetle" title="False stag beetle">Diphyllostomatidae <small>(false stag beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotrupidae" title="Geotrupidae">Geotrupidae <small>(dor beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaphyridae" title="Glaphyridae">Glaphyridae <small>(bumble bee scarab beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaresis" title="Glaresis">Glaresidae <small>(enigmatic scarab beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybosoridae" title="Hybosoridae">Hybosoridae <small>(scavenger scarab beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_beetle" title="Stag beetle">Lucanidae <small>(stag beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochodaeidae" title="Ochodaeidae">Ochodaeidae <small>(sand-loving scarab beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passalidae" title="Passalidae">Passalidae <small>(betsy beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_beetle" title="Rain beetle">Pleocomidae <small>(rain beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarabaeidae" title="Scarabaeidae">Scarabaeidae <small>(scarabs)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trogidae" title="Trogidae">Trogidae <small>(hide beetles)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Staphyliniformia" title="Staphyliniformia">Staphyliniformia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Histeroidea" title="Histeroidea">Histeroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Histeridae" title="Histeridae">Histeridae <small>(clown beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphaerites" title="Sphaerites">Sphaeritidae <small>(false clown beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntelia" title="Syntelia">Synteliidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Hydrophiloidea" title="Hydrophiloidea">Hydrophiloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epimetopidae" title="Epimetopidae">Epimetopidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georissus" title="Georissus">Georissidae <small>(minute mud-loving beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helophorus" title="Helophorus">Helophoridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrochidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrochidae">Hydrochidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrophilidae" title="Hydrophilidae">Hydrophilidae <small>(water scavenger beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spercheidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Spercheidae">Spercheidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Staphylinoidea" title="Staphylinoidea">Staphylinoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agyrtidae" title="Agyrtidae">Agyrtidae <small>(primitive carrion beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraenidae" title="Hydraenidae">Hydraenidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiodidae" title="Leiodidae">Leiodidae <small>(round fungus beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptiliidae" title="Ptiliidae">Ptiliidae <small>(feather-winged beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silphidae" title="Silphidae">Silphidae <small>(carrion beetles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rove_beetle" title="Rove beetle">Staphylinidae <small>(rove beetles)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_subgroups_of_the_order_Coleoptera" title="List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera">List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Chrysomelidae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193407" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q193407">Q193407</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chrysomelidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Chrysomelidae">Chrysomelidae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Chrysomelidae">Chrysomelidae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id11441">11441</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=1813">1813</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BugGuide" title="BugGuide">BugGuide</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugguide.net/node/view/180">180</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/87S">87S</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/7463">7463</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1CHRYF">1CHRYF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:11097">11097</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/1c137eb0-6173-4da1-8874-7d868052e453">1c137eb0-6173-4da1-8874-7d868052e453</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7780">7780</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/51146">51146</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101545">101545</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=114509">114509</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0020151707">NHMSYS0020151707</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=27439">27439</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/249efdb8-a632-4a95-87a1-8f94dd0ffa6e">249efdb8-a632-4a95-87a1-8f94dd0ffa6e</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=567698">567698</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=69420">69420</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PPE: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bladmineerders.nl/parasites/animalia/arthropoda/insecta/coleoptera/polyphaga/cucujiformia/chrysomeloidea/chrysomelidae/">chrysomelidae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F86C87AC-FFB6-1F2C-B383-A5A0FAEE2E77">F86C87AC-FFB6-1F2C-B383-A5A0FAEE2E77</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=150711">150711</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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