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Namun, apakah Anda tahu bagaimana semua ini dimulai? Penemuan internet adalah salah satu pencapaian terbesar dalam sejarah teknologi, yang berawal pada 1960-an dan berkembang pesat pada 1990-an. Dari jaringan penelitian ... 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sf-menu"> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <div class="site grid-container container hfeed" id="page"> <div class="site-content" id="content"> <div class="content-area" id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-20" class="post-20 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-penemuan-sepanjang-sejarah" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single grid-container grid-parent"> <img width="589" height="431" src="https://legia-forum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-5.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://legia-forum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-5.png 589w, https://legia-forum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-5-300x220.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 589px) 100vw, 589px" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Penemuan Internet: Dari Awal 1960-an Hingga Perkembangan Pesat pada 1990-an</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T15:20:33+07:00" itemprop="datePublished">November 25, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">oleh <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://legia-forum.org/author/afandi/" title="Lihat semua tulisan oleh afandi ajah" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">afandi ajah</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="589" height="431" src="https://legia-forum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-5.png" alt="" class="wp-image-21" srcset="https://legia-forum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-5.png 589w, https://legia-forum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-5-300x220.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 589px) 100vw, 589px" /></figure> <p>Bayangkan dunia tanpa internet鈥攖anpa koneksi instan ke informasi, hiburan, atau komunikasi global. Di era digital saat ini, hampir setiap aspek kehidupan kita bergantung pada internet. Namun, apakah Anda tahu bagaimana semua ini dimulai? Penemuan internet adalah salah satu pencapaian terbesar dalam sejarah teknologi, yang berawal pada 1960-an dan berkembang pesat pada 1990-an. Dari jaringan penelitian yang terbatas hingga menjadi sistem komunikasi global yang terhubung, perjalanan internet adalah kisah inovasi, kolaborasi, dan perkembangan teknologi yang mempengaruhi hampir semua sektor kehidupan.</p> <p>Artikel ini akan membahas perjalanan sejarah penemuan internet, dimulai dari awal tahun 1960-an, bagaimana itu berkembang selama beberapa dekade, hingga mencapai titik perkembangannya yang pesat pada 1990-an. Kami juga akan melihat dampak dari perkembangan tersebut terhadap masyarakat, ekonomi, dan dunia digital yang kita kenal sekarang.</p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Awal Mula Internet: 1960-an – 1970-an</h2> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">ARPANET: Jaringan Pertama yang Menghubungkan Komputer</h3> <p>Penemuan internet dimulai pada tahun 1960-an, di tengah ketegangan Perang Dingin antara Amerika Serikat dan Uni Soviet. Pada saat itu, pemerintah AS berusaha menciptakan sistem komunikasi yang dapat bertahan meskipun terjadi serangan nuklir. Oleh karena itu, Departemen Pertahanan AS mendanai proyek penelitian yang dikenal sebagai ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), yang menjadi cikal bakal internet.</p> <p>Pada tahun 1969, ARPANET berhasil menghubungkan empat universitas utama di Amerika Serikat: Universitas California di Los Angeles (UCLA), Universitas Stanford, Universitas Utah, dan Universitas California di Santa Barbara. Jaringan ini memungkinkan para ilmuwan dan peneliti untuk saling berbagi data dan informasi secara lebih efisien daripada sebelumnya. ARPANET menggunakan protokol komunikasi bernama NCP (Network Control Protocol), yang nantinya akan berkembang menjadi TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), protokol yang menjadi dasar dari internet modern.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Inovasi-Inovasi Teknologi yang Mengikuti</h3> <p>Pada 1970-an, teknologi yang digunakan oleh ARPANET berkembang pesat. Pada 1972, ARPANET pertama kali mengirimkan email, sebuah aplikasi yang akan menjadi salah satu bentuk komunikasi paling dominan di internet. Pada tahun 1973, jaringan ini mulai menghubungkan negara-negara di luar Amerika Serikat, seperti Norwegia dan Inggris, menandai awal dari ekspansi internet ke seluruh dunia.</p> <p>Selain itu, selama dekade ini, dua ilmuwan鈥擵int Cerf dan Bob Kahn鈥攎engembangkan TCP/IP, yang menggantikan NCP dan memungkinkan penghubungan berbagai jaringan komputer yang berbeda, menciptakan dasar bagi internet yang kita kenal sekarang.</p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Perkembangan Internet: 1980-an – 1990-an</h2> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Internet Global: Protokol TCP/IP Menjadi Standar</h3> <p>Pada tahun 1983, TCP/IP menjadi standar de facto untuk jaringan ARPANET, yang pada akhirnya memungkinkan terciptanya jaringan global. Tahun 1986 juga menjadi tonggak penting ketika National Science Foundation (NSF) mendanai pembangunan NSFNET, sebuah jaringan yang menghubungkan berbagai universitas dan lembaga penelitian di Amerika Serikat. Ini memungkinkan semakin banyak orang mengakses jaringan global, dan memperkenalkan konsep “internet” yang mulai dikenal lebih luas.</p> <p>Selama periode ini, banyak aplikasi baru mulai bermunculan, termasuk Usenet, yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk berpartisipasi dalam diskusi kelompok, serta FTP (File Transfer Protocol), yang memungkinkan transfer file antar komputer dengan lebih mudah.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">World Wide Web: Revolusi yang Mengubah Segalanya</h3> <p>Namun, mungkin yang paling revolusioner dari semua perkembangan adalah penemuan World Wide Web (WWW) pada 1990-an. Tim Berners-Lee, seorang ilmuwan komputer asal Inggris, menciptakan WWW pada tahun 1989 di CERN (Organisasi Eropa untuk Riset Nuklir). Berners-Lee merancang sistem ini untuk memungkinkan ilmuwan di seluruh dunia berbagi data dan informasi ilmiah melalui jaringan komputer.</p> <p>Pada tahun 1991, World Wide Web menjadi tersedia untuk umum, dan dunia digital mulai berkembang dengan sangat cepat. Web menyediakan cara baru untuk mengakses informasi melalui hyperlink, yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk berpindah dari satu halaman ke halaman lain dengan mudah. Web browser pertama yang populer, seperti Mosaic (1993) dan Netscape Navigator (1994), membuat akses ke web lebih mudah, lebih cepat, dan lebih ramah pengguna.</p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Perkembangan Pesat pada 1990-an: Kelahiran Internet Komersial</h2> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Komersialisasi Internet</h3> <p>Pada 1990-an, internet mulai berkembang pesat, berkat komersialisasi dan adopsi massal. Pada tahun 1995, pemerintah AS menghapuskan pembatasan yang ada sebelumnya dan memungkinkan perusahaan-perusahaan untuk menawarkan layanan internet secara komersial. Perusahaan seperti AOL (America Online) dan Prodigy mulai menawarkan akses internet dial-up, yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk terhubung ke web dengan menggunakan saluran telepon rumah.</p> <p>Pada tahun yang sama, Amazon dan eBay mulai beroperasi, menandai awal dari revolusi perdagangan elektronik (e-commerce). Ini juga menjadi periode munculnya banyak perusahaan teknologi besar, termasuk Google (1998), yang meluncurkan mesin pencari yang lebih efisien dan relevan daripada yang pernah ada sebelumnya.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Kecepatan dan Infrastruktur yang Meningkat</h3> <p>Salah satu faktor kunci yang mendorong perkembangan pesat internet di 1990-an adalah peningkatan kecepatan koneksi dan infrastruktur. Internet dial-up yang digunakan pada awalnya sangat lambat, namun seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi, penyedia layanan internet (ISP) mulai memperkenalkan koneksi broadband yang lebih cepat. Hal ini mempercepat pengiriman data dan membuat penggunaan internet menjadi lebih praktis dan efisien.</p> <p>Selain itu, pada akhir 1990-an, perusahaan-perusahaan mulai membangun backbone internet global yang lebih kuat, dengan kabel optik dan jaringan fiber yang memungkinkan transmisi data dengan kecepatan yang lebih tinggi.</p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Dampak dari Penemuan Internet</h2> <p>Internet tidak hanya mengubah cara kita berkomunikasi, tetapi juga mempengaruhi hampir semua sektor kehidupan. Dari pendidikan, hiburan, belanja, hingga pekerjaan, internet membuka peluang baru yang sebelumnya tidak terbayangkan. Dalam dunia bisnis, internet memungkinkan globalisasi, memungkinkan perusahaan untuk menjangkau pelanggan di seluruh dunia.</p> <p>Di sisi lain, internet juga membuka tantangan baru terkait privasi, keamanan, dan ketergantungan teknologi. 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