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id="toc-Mezieksociologie_en_aard_vaan_de_meziek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mezieksociologie_en_aard_vaan_de_meziek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mezieksociologie en aard vaan de meziek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mezieksociologie_en_aard_vaan_de_meziek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifieke_meziekculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifieke_meziekculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Specifieke meziekculture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Specifieke_meziekculture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Specifieke meziekculture-subkopje inklappen</span> 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Beschikbaar in 16 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 spraoke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="موسيقى عصر ما قبل التاريخ – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موسيقى عصر ما قبل التاريخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4" title="প্রাগৈতিহাসিক সঙ্গীত – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাগৈতিহাসিক সঙ্গীত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_prehist%C3%B2rica" title="Música prehistòrica – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Música prehistòrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forhistorisk_musik" title="Forhistorisk musik – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forhistorisk musik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4historische_Musik" title="Prähistorische Musik – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prähistorische Musik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Prehistoric music" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muziko_en_la_Prahistorio" title="Muziko en la Prahistorio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Muziko en la Prahistorio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_en_la_Prehistoria" title="Música en la Prehistoria – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Música en la Prehistoria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esiaja_muusika" title="Esiaja muusika – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esiaja muusika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="موسیقی پیشاتاریخ – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موسیقی پیشاتاریخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique_pr%C3%A9historique" title="Musique préhistorique – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musique préhistorique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_preistorica" title="Musica preistorica – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="li" dir="ltr"><p><small>Dit artikel is gesjreve (of begós) in 't <a href="/wiki/Mestreechs" title="Mestreechs">Mestreechs</a>. Laes <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wie_sjrief_ich_Limburgs#Versjillende_dialekte" title="Wikipedia:Wie sjrief ich Limburgs">hie</a> wie v'r mit de versjillende saorte Limburgs ómgaon.</small> </p> <hr /> <p>Oonder <b><a href="/wiki/Meziek" title="Meziek">meziek</a> oet de <a href="/wiki/Prehistorie" title="Prehistorie">prehistorie</a></b> versteit me meziek dee weurt gemaak door volker die nog gein sjrifcultuur kinne. De meziek weurt daan ouch per definitie neet opgesjreve en blijf ouch neet bewoerd, tenzij 'r op e zeker memint toch weurt vasgelag (beveurbeeld door 'ne veldwèrker) of es 'r tot op d'n daag vaandaog weurt doorgegeve. Dit maak de prehistorische meziek e zier data-erm vakgebeed. </p><p>Meziek is, veur zoeveer bekind, universeel; daorum maag me aonnumme tot al in de <a href="/wiki/Paleolithicum" title="Paleolithicum">vreuge steintied</a> aon meziek woort gedoon. De cognitiewetensjap en evolutionair oonderzeuk höbbe de lèste decennia ouch good dujelek gemaak tot 't brein vaan de mederne mins - dus ouch dat vaan de mins 100.000 jaor geleie - dao bezunder op is touwgerös. Veur de res kin me vertrouwen op <a href="/wiki/Arsjeologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsjeologie">arsjeologie</a>. Restante vaan meziekinstruminte heet me evels veural oet de <a href="/wiki/Neolithicum" title="Neolithicum">nuiere steintied</a> en later opgegrave, zoetot me kin oetgoon vaan 'n verandering in de aard vaan de meziek bij d'n euvergaank nao landbouw. </p><p>Hiel belaankriek in 't oonderzeuk heinao is ouch 't veldwerk wat etnomusicologe oonder zoegeneumde 'natuurvolker' höbbe gedoon. Dees volker leefde tot veur kort de facto in de prehistorie (in 'n inkel geval nog ummertouw), en hunne meziek is daan ouch prehistorische meziek. Allewel tot dit artikel neet is gewijd aon deze meziek in 't bezunder, zal de vergelieking mèt modern natuurvolker dèks genóg gemaak weure. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oersprunk">Oersprunk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Oersprunk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oersprunk"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plaetje:Neanderthal_hunters_depicted_in_the_Gallo-Romeins_Museum_Tongeren_(DSCF4334).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Neanderthal_hunters_depicted_in_the_Gallo-Romeins_Museum_Tongeren_%28DSCF4334%29.jpg/350px-Neanderthal_hunters_depicted_in_the_Gallo-Romeins_Museum_Tongeren_%28DSCF4334%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Neanderthal_hunters_depicted_in_the_Gallo-Romeins_Museum_Tongeren_%28DSCF4334%29.jpg/525px-Neanderthal_hunters_depicted_in_the_Gallo-Romeins_Museum_Tongeren_%28DSCF4334%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Neanderthal_hunters_depicted_in_the_Gallo-Romeins_Museum_Tongeren_%28DSCF4334%29.jpg/700px-Neanderthal_hunters_depicted_in_the_Gallo-Romeins_Museum_Tongeren_%28DSCF4334%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4111" data-file-height="3169" /></a><figcaption>Reconstructie vaan 'ne Neanderthaler in 't Gallo-Romeins Museum in Tóngere. Of Neanderthalers meziek kóste blijf umstrejje.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><i>Zuug ouch: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutie_vaan_de_meziek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutie vaan de meziek (nog neet aangemaak)">Evolutie vaan de meziek</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Veur meziek wie de mins 't maak zien twie dinger nujeg. Ierstens moot me geveul höbbe veur toenhuugde, en wel e rillatief geveul: 'ne kwint vaan d'n einen toen moot es geliekweerdeg ervaore weure aon 'ne kwint vaanaof 'nen aanderen. Twiedens moot me maotgeveul höbbe: me moot de periodiciteit vaan e ritmepetroen opmerke en daobij 'ne puls drin veule. 't Steit vas tot de moderne mins dao vaan nature good in is: ouch pasgebore kinder kinne dat. </p><p>Umtot v'r gein cognitieteste kinne aofnumme bij oetgestorve aapminse, en umtot oonderzeuk nao de sjeel us de facto ouch wieneg mie euver hun herses zeet boete wie groet ze waore, vèlt neet oet te make wienie de mins muzikaol geweure is. Me nump evels aon tot meziek, zjus wie taol, 't gevolg is vaan 'ne kette aon opeinvolgende stappe in de evolutie. Zoe zien de hersendeile die me mèt meziekgeveul associeert ouch presint bij aander primaote, wat 't zinvol maak um dao nao meziekgeveul te zeuke. Oonderzeuk liekent aon te tuine tot beveurbeeld <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resusaap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resusaap (nog neet aangemaak)">resusape</a> wel intervaldoor kinne oontdèkke, meh geine maot veule.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De rizzeltaote bij <a href="/wiki/Chimpansee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimpansee">chimpansees</a> zien väölbelovender: hun ritmegeveul, zij 't ouch neet zoe sterk wie 't minselek, liekent good oontwikkeld.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ouch op toenhuugde liekene chimpansees te reagere.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wetensjappers höbbe gemeind tot de mins örges in zien evolutie intensief klaank is goon gebruke veur communicatie. Dat zouw daan nog gein echte taol zien gewees, meh wel get wat trop liekende: holistische, manipulatieve, multi-modaol, muzikaol en mimetische communicatie ("<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hmmmm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hmmmm (nog neet aangemaak)">Hmmmm</a>"). Dat zouw daan bij d'n <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homo_ergaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homo ergaster (nog neet aangemaak)">Homo ergaster</a></i> (twie mieljoen jaor geleie) veur 't iers zien gebeurd. Pas later - bij de mederne mins - splitsde ziech dat in <a href="/wiki/Taol" title="Taol">taol</a> en meziek. </p><p>Los vaan de vraog <i>wienie</i> de mins muzikaol is gewore besteit nog de vraog <i>wie</i> en <i>boeveur</i> dat is gebeurd. Dao-euver gief 't versjèllende ideeë. 't "Hmmmm"-model geit oet vaan meziek es wezelek oonderdeil vaan de minseleke taoloontwikkeling. Sommege dinke dao aanders euver. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Pinker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Pinker (nog neet aangemaak)">Steven Pinker</a> dink tot meziek allein mer besteit es <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernormale_prikkel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernormale prikkel (nog neet aangemaak)">supernormale prikkel</a> vaan de hersedeile veur taol (meziek es 'oditieve kwarktoert').<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dat kin evels lesteg verklaore boeveur muzikaol vermoge ouch <a href="/wiki/Convergente_evolutie" title="Convergente evolutie">convergent</a> bij gans aander bieste is oontstande (dink aon zaankveugel). Ritmegeveul liek wezelek te make te höbbe mèt sociaol gedrag, wie me dat bij de mins en de chimpansee zuut.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aandere meine tot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seksueel_selectie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seksueel selectie (nog neet aangemaak)">seksueel selectie</a> 'n wezeleke rol heet gespäöld. Dat kin evels neet alle meziek verklaore: al veur pasgebore kinder zingk de mojer wegeleedsjes, en dat is universeel. Ouch dit wijs dus op 'n wezeleke rol vaan meziek in sociaol gedrag. </p><p>Res nog de vraog of de moderne mins sinds zien oontstoon al aon meziek deit. Sommege prehistorici zien pas roond 50.000 veur Christus 'n gedragsverandering, de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_gedragspetroene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modern gedragspetroene (nog neet aangemaak)">modern gedragspetroene</a></i> (Ingels: <i>behavioral modernity</i>) versjijne. Daoveur zouw de mins ziech neet mèt abstrak dinke höbbe bezeggehawwe - zelfs al kós 'r dat in theorie wel. De Neanderthalers zouwe dat al gaaroet neet gedoon höbbe. Nui arsjeologische voondste höbbe dat lèste evels in twievel getrokke. Roond 50.000 jaor geleie duuk ouch 't ierste objek op wat mesjiens e bewies vaan minseleke meziek is: 'ne doorbaorde knook dee in 1995 't Sloveens <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divje_Babe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divje Babe (nog neet aangemaak)">Divje Babe</a> woort gevoonde en aon 'n fluit rappeleert. Es 't inderdaod 'n fluit is, is ze gemaak door Neanderthalers. </p><p>Daan nog kump 'n euverweldegende miejerheid vaan de prehistorische meziekinstrumente vaan landbouwvolker (Neolithicum, koper-/broonstied, iezertied). Mèt de groete sociaol veranderinge die d'n euvergaank vaan jach nao landbouw mètbrach, zal daorum ouch de functie vaan de meziek veranderd zien. Natuurlek kóste sedentair lui mie dinger bezitte umtot ze die neet, wie jagende nomade, móste mètnumme. Ouch had de boer periodiek mie tied es de jeger. Tot slot zal 't bij sommege volker 'n apaarte klas vaan muzikante höbbe gegeve, die me bij jegers-verzameleersvolker neet hoof te zeuke (zuug ouch oonder). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meziekinstruminte">Meziekinstruminte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Meziekinstruminte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Meziekinstruminte"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plaetje:Divje_Babe_flute_(Late_Pleistocene_flute).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Divje_Babe_flute_%28Late_Pleistocene_flute%29.jpg/220px-Divje_Babe_flute_%28Late_Pleistocene_flute%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Divje_Babe_flute_%28Late_Pleistocene_flute%29.jpg/330px-Divje_Babe_flute_%28Late_Pleistocene_flute%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Divje_Babe_flute_%28Late_Pleistocene_flute%29.jpg/440px-Divje_Babe_flute_%28Late_Pleistocene_flute%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3768" data-file-height="3670" /></a><figcaption>De 'fluit' vaan Divje Babe (zuug de teks).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plaetje:Runik_Ocarina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Runik_Ocarina.jpg/220px-Runik_Ocarina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Runik_Ocarina.jpg/330px-Runik_Ocarina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Runik_Ocarina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption>D'n Ocarina vaan Runik.</figcaption></figure> <p>In tegestèlling tot zaank kinne instruminte es tasbaar artefacte bewoerd blieve. Dat gelt natuurlek neet veur alle instruminte. Eus veurawwers zalle dèks genóg mèt stekke op vaan alles geklop höbbe, en bij de <a href="/w/index.php?title=San&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San (nog neet aangemaak)">San</a> (Böskesmanne) in zuielek Afrika weurt de pees vaan de baog frequint gebruuk veur meziek te make. Dat zien al gaw de ierste slaag- en snaorinstruminte die arsjeologe zoe zouwe misse. Ouch 'n instrumint wie d'n Australischen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Didgeridoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Didgeridoo (nog neet aangemaak)">didgeridoo</a>, 'n natuurleke trompöt die oontsteit wienie 'ne boumstam door termiete weurt oetgehaold, zouw bij opgraving neet gaw es zoedaoneg weure herkind. </p><p>De ierste instruminte die es zoedaoneg bedoeld en gemaak zien, zien <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluit (nog neet aangemaak)">fluite</a>. Es 'ne knook touwvalleg de goje vörm had - inge spleet aon eine kant, wij eupening aon d'n aandere kant - kós me, door e paar leukskes te baore, e blaosinstrumint make boe sumpel melodieë op kóste weure gespäöld. De bove al geneumde fluit vaan Divje Babe zouw mèt ca. 50.000 jaor de ajdste zien, al zien de gelierde 't neet ins of 't 'n fluit is. Minder umstreje zien diverse fluitsjes oet hole in de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schw%C3%A4bische_Alb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwäbische Alb (nog neet aangemaak)">Schwäbische Alb</a> in Zuid-Duitsland - ouch alweer zoeget 40.000 jaor aajd - boevaan de vörm dujelek tuint tot me al hendegheid kraog in 't perces. Oet lateren tied gief 't nog talloes aander veurbeelder, wie 'n fluit vaan 6000 v. Chr. oet 't Chinees <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiahu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiahu (nog neet aangemaak)">Jiahu</a> en 't fluitsje vaan Kimswerd oet 300 v. Chr. (zuug <a href="#De_Nederlen">oonder</a>). De gebruukde kneuk kóste vaan alderhande bieste koume (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Holebeer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holebeer (nog neet aangemaak)">holebeer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zwaon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zwaon (nog neet aangemaak)">zwaon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mammoet (nog neet aangemaak)">mammoet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kroenekraan" title="Kroenekraan">kroenekraan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sjaop" title="Sjaop">sjaop</a>). </p><p>Fluite en aander blaosinstruminte kin me ouch vaan hout make, en wie 't veurbeeld vaan d'n didgeridoo tuint kinne ouch steintiedsamelevinge dat es de natuur dao-aon mètwèrk. Veur 't fien bewèrke vaan hout mós me evels wachte tot de koms vaan metaalbewèrking: mèt e broonze of iezere mèts is 't gemekeleker hout oet te haole. Wie dat eine kier kós gebeure, gónge väöl volker ouch fluite make. Beinfluitsjes woorte umgevörmp tot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blokfluit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blokfluit (nog neet aangemaak)">blokfluite</a>, dewijl ouch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dweersfluit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dweersfluit (nog neet aangemaak)">dweersfluite</a> woorte gemaakt. Zeker in len boe me <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamboe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bamboe (nog neet aangemaak)">bamboe</a> kós zalle al vreug <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansfluit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pansfluit (nog neet aangemaak)">pansfluite</a> zien gemaak, al zien die ouch oet Europa (gewoen vaan hout) bekind. Mèt de koms vaan 't <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pottebakke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pottebakke (nog neet aangemaak)">pottebakke</a> kós me fluite ouch vaan eerdewerk make. Eerde fluite, ouch bekind es <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocarina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocarina (nog neet aangemaak)">ocarina</a>'s, blieve natuurlek beter bewoerd es houte fluite. Me heet ze in oonder mie <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> en <a href="/wiki/Midde-Amerika" title="Midde-Amerika">Midde-Amerika</a> al vreug liere make. Ouch in Europa waore ze bekind; zoe heet me e neolithisch exemplair gevoonde in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Runik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Runik (nog neet aangemaak)">Runik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>), 'n site die me associeert mèt d'n tied vaan 6500 tot 3500 v.Chr. </p><p>Wie me bieste góng hawwe, in 't neolithicum, kóste ouch heures weure gebruuk. Oonder gooj umstendeghede kin me de haol heures vaan sjäöp, geite en keuj bespeule. Nog ummertouw weurt in de joedse ieredeens 'ne sumpele ramsheure bespäöld, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjofar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjofar (nog neet aangemaak)">sjofar</a>, en in Limbörg kós me nog tot in de negentiende iew de <i><a href="https://li.wiktionary.org/wiki/floeteshaore" class="extiw" title="wikt:floeteshaore">floeteshaore</a></i>. </p><p>Trommele zien in euvervlood bekind, alweer oet rillatief recinte culture. Vreug veurbeelder vint me in China, boe trommele vaan klei bekleid mèt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alligator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alligator (nog neet aangemaak)">alligatorvel</a> woorte gemaak. Opgegrave veurbeelder stamme oet d'n tied tösse 5500 en 2350 veur Christus; ze weure evels väöl later, in de klassieke literatuur, ouch nog geneump. </p><p>Snaorinstruminte wie liere, luite en harpe vint me in 't gemein pas later, in complexer landbouwsamelevinge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mezieksociologie_en_aard_vaan_de_meziek">Mezieksociologie en aard vaan de meziek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Mezieksociologie en aard vaan de meziek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Mezieksociologie en aard vaan de meziek"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plaetje:SingSing_Wabag_Enga_PNG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SingSing_Wabag_Enga_PNG.jpg/350px-SingSing_Wabag_Enga_PNG.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SingSing_Wabag_Enga_PNG.jpg/525px-SingSing_Wabag_Enga_PNG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SingSing_Wabag_Enga_PNG.jpg/700px-SingSing_Wabag_Enga_PNG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Traditionele meziek vaan Papoea-Nui-Guinea, hei oetgeveurd es deil vaan e festival, woort vaanajds neet los gezeen vaan de rituele boe 'r bij huurt. Me stèlt ziech väöl prehistorische muziek ouch zoe veur.</figcaption></figure> <p>De functie vaan meziek is bij natuurvolker dèks fundamenteel anders es in de modern westerse maotsjappij. Väöl volker höbbe gei woord veur 'meziek' en kinne ouch 't concep vaan e meziekstök es discreet 'kunswerk' neet. Iejer zit meziek dao ingebèd in <a href="/wiki/Ritueel" title="Ritueel">rituele</a> boe 'r neet los vaan kin weure gezeen. Zaank en/of dans gebäört beveurbeeld um iemes te geneze, um geiste vaan de doeje op te rope of um 't weer te bezwere. Me maag aonnumme tot dat ouch veur väöl meziek vaan de prehistorie heet gegolde. Aon d'n aandere kant gief 't genóg tegeveurbeelder. Zoe höbbe sjiepers ummer meziek gemaak gewoen um ziechzelf bij 't sjaopheuje te ammezere. 't Is beveurbeeld dinkelek tot 't fluitsje vaan Kimswerd (zuug oonder) door 'ne sjieper mèt e soortgeliek doel is gemaak. </p><p>Paleolithische volker waore in 't gemein egalitair: ze hadde gei neumesweerd of entans gei groet klassesysteem. Bij de landbouwvolker weurt dat gans anders: dao gief 't keuninge, 'n militair elite en dèks ouch 'n klas vaan geiseleke. Dèks zalle versjèllende klasse ouch versjèllende meziek höbbe gemaak, en väöl bronne wieze dao ouch op. In aw Germaonse heldeverhaole wie de <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i> weurt beveurbeeld de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lier_(harp)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lier (harp) (nog neet aangemaak)">lier</a> es instrumint vaan edele umsjreve. De vonds vaan 'n bernsteine lierkam in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorestad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorestad (nog neet aangemaak)">Dorestad</a> maak 't ouch woersjijnelek tot dit 'n instrumint veur de elite waor. Trommele en fluite zalle daan iejer de erm lui höbbe gedeend. Zinge deeg zoonder twiefel edereine. </p><p>Bij väöl natuurvolker vint me ouch sumpel, soms hendeg sumpel toensysteme. Soms is de meziek diatonisch, dèks <a href="/wiki/Pentatoniek" title="Pentatoniek">pentatonisch</a>, zelfs drei of veer toene kump veur. Me kin ziech veurstèlle tot pas bij de koms vaan 'gelierde' meziek zoeget wie chromatiek oontstande is (beveurbeeld bij de Grieke). Inderdaod wieze väöl reste vaan meziekinstruminte, wie liere en fluitsjes, in de riechting vaan e sumpel systeem. Me heet ouch in beveurbeeld koojwachtersgeroops of 't <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinderterno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinderterno (nog neet aangemaak)">kinderterno</a> ('t dreitoeneg melodieke boe me aandere mèt oetjouwt) 'n euverbliefsel vaan zoe'n oeraajd systeem wèlle hure.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veur al te zwoer conclusies moot me ziech evels heuje. Zoe kinne de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pygmee%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pygmeeë (nog neet aangemaak)">pygmeeë</a> in centraol Afrika e gecompleceerd polyfoon systeem, wat bewijs tot prehistorische meziek neet per se sumpel is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifieke_meziekculture">Specifieke meziekculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Specifieke meziekculture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Specifieke meziekculture"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indo-Germaanse_volker">Indo-Germaanse volker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Indo-Germaanse volker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Indo-Germaanse volker"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De belaankriekste meziek die me veur de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indogermane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indogermane (nog neet aangemaak)">Indogermane</a> kin reconstruere zien de väöl <a href="/wiki/Epos" title="Epos">epe</a>, heldeverhaole, die ze vertèlde. Oorlogscultuur woort hei extreem belaankriek gevoonde, en 't vaan boete liere vaan zoe'n epe waor ein vaan de dinger die me es joongeling in de <i>kóryos</i> (leger) lierde. De tekste spreke volop vaan ier en mood. 'n Aander genre is 't lofgediech <i>erkw</i>, wat veur de gode of 'nen opdrachgever woort veurgedrage. Es regel woorte ze zingentere gebrach, wie me dat oet versjèllende sjrifteleke euverlieveringe wèt. </p><p>Wäörd veur instruminte kinne neet weure gereconstrueerd. In de dochtertaole zien wäörd veur meziekinstruminte ofwel nui gevörmp, ofwel versjove vaan beteikenis (Latijns <i>tibia</i> 'fluit', oersprunkelek 'sjeenbein'; Grieks <i>aulos</i> 'fluit, dobbelhobo', oersprunkelek 'piepke') ofwel geliend oet 'n substraottaol (Grieks <i>lyra</i>). Me kin ziech veurstèlle tot instruminte bij dit semi-nomadisch volk gein groete rol späölde, en pas belaankrieker woorte wie de dochtervolker ziech definitief gónge vestege. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_Nederlen">De Nederlen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Deilpagina bewirke: De Nederlen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: De Nederlen"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de restante vaan de terpe in Noord-Nederland zien diverse instruminte trökgevoonde. 't Ajdste is e fluitsje vaan 'ne sjaopeknook wat in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimswerd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimswerd (nog neet aangemaak)">Kimswerd</a> (gemeinte <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAdwest-Frysl%C3%A2n" title="Súdwest-Fryslân">Súdwest-Fryslân</a>) woort opgegrave. Wijer heet me blaosinstruminte zoonder labium gevoonde, die dinkelek e reet hadde; mesjiens leke ze op de moderne Baskische <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alboka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alboka (nog neet aangemaak)">alboka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oet de Romeinsen tied en later oet de vreug middeliewe zien instruminte vaan alderlei aard gevoonde, zoewel in Nederland es in 't Belsj. Väöl koume euverdujelek oet 't zuie (beveurbeeld 'nen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aulos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aulos (nog neet aangemaak)">tibia</a> - dobbelhobo - dee in <a href="/wiki/Mook" title="Mook">Mook</a> is opgedoke) en 't is dèks mer de vraog of neve de Romeinse soldaote ouch de inheimse bevolking drop gespäöld heet. 't Vinde vaan 'n (mediterraon) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pansfluit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pansfluit (nog neet aangemaak)">pansfluit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uitgeest" title="Uitgeest">Uitgeest</a>, op 'n plaots boe de Romeine mer kort höbbe gezete, maak dat evels wel woersjijnelek. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacitus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tacitus (nog neet aangemaak)">Tacitus</a> geit in zie <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germania (nog neet aangemaak)">Germania</a></i> kort in op de meziek vaan de Germaone. Heer vertèlt tot de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frieze_(aajdheid)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frieze (aajdheid) (nog neet aangemaak)">Frieze</a> aon zweerddanse dege, al zeet 'r niks euver de meugeleke begeleiing daovaan. Later, in de vreug middeliewe, weurt gesproke vaan <i>dadsidas</i>, 'doejezaange', die es 'heidens' woorte verboje. Ouch weurt in 't heilegeleve vaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liudger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liudger (nog neet aangemaak)">Liudger</a> eine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernlef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernlef (nog neet aangemaak)">Bernlef</a> geneump, 'ne Friese bard oet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holwerd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holwerd (nog neet aangemaak)">Holwerd</a>. Vaan ziene meziek of zien tekste is niks bewoerd. </p><p>In 't historisch themapark <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archeon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archeon (nog neet aangemaak)">Archeon</a> zien dèks 'prehistorische konzèrs' gegeve mèt instrumente die me oet prehistorisch Nederland kint. De meziek daoveur is gecomponeerd door <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Maioli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Maioli (nog neet aangemaak)">Walter Maioli</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rifferenties">Rifferenties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Rifferenties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meziek_oet_de_prehistorie&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Rifferenties"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henkjan Honing, <i>Aap slaat maat. Op zoek naar de oorsprong van muzikaliteit bij mens en dier</i>. 2018, Nieuw Amsterdam: pp. 72-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Honing (2018): pp. 83-90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Honing (2018): pp. 37-8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Honing (2018): p. 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Honing (2018): p. 89-90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wim Bosmans, <i>Traditionele muziek uit Vlaanderen</i>. 2002, Uitgeverij Davidsfonds, Leuve: p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Annelies Tamboer, "Muziekarcheologie als bron van een verdwenen muziekcultuur" in L.P. Grijp c.s. (red.), <i>Een muziekgeschiedenis der Nederlanden</i>. Amsterdam University Press-Salomé, Amsterdam, 2001.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Aafkomstig van Wikipedia, de Vriej Encyclopedie. 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