CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913432752978fe01',cH: 'l_orfYtbp0ohDyMEz3hllE75tmyszn2CSFRfxFtdCPg-1739778737-1.2.1.1-0FXOXVH9Zr.8DT6Dfmzj1fj3_2xzcF9vBD5LYAYndHKMRkQ0IGVc5HmWBwIbvo1C',cUPMDTk: "\/10003476\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=hjh_wIX.z5HhqZINyR9Ax6wYsbbFCPf7tdqdv4bhwdY-1739778737-1.0.1.1-03S6F.yB0ItESoIvIHJkTDFhnV7jUvTtrDGx_cxVJEU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739778737',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10003476\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=hjh_wIX.z5HhqZINyR9Ax6wYsbbFCPf7tdqdv4bhwdY-1739778737-1.0.1.1-03S6F.yB0ItESoIvIHJkTDFhnV7jUvTtrDGx_cxVJEU",md: "iz0nKUnjw5Bul8UtYltfMaYpSd4RpqqRAnKHdB3ygZM-1739778737-1.2.1.1-NVe.CgJ.m24lvQQ7arQ87mVq3dBbRf7rSPPgYZQDdyxD.uLh6tqrwqsZxeZ9cyP.8n3PV_0mqlv5Li9AcBtrSYHeLFThmNsxRgq2tOXE2XYvbn3FoDPcpJSEDtfb2XSPvHUVUgZuOaA9hXFUjfbRsajhlQR94QYR4wSwQiokQrQFAS5be3PA_DQsPyiHsZy8GEaz7G3YysgbmS4CWoaaDzMFmFCdRguB0B98U2dum8FeBRMZOxIzQNRdCJGFiMzzgeA257P5UTRH9sOVujlLNwdICoNPoHH1RNexWyYD1wLGScXSueKaC0s4zM.FGe.qAV_hcOU2lgcNxgnLHiFc.LGvsgcrdsJTSN3h6.BOuWSCflAF2VxB.qI3wL76.Bw8nVK0tDNjzs_VS0cKBA3SIwG6xBmMA1jylj9_oqK5AeDcTSdepd_OkhJoA_JFwM55lJmDnQQCKSwO71ptWmOG5t5NAV0m48swYKOir0GHbr1PtrpjVqOU8KGZIvMz_3A2cSWz0LXcTGUHo9V7cB.JA4qY61CwJVYdxtolSr7jfGtsRKjnCs3EXsOFwKRJ1WzjzQEx9WauGHizij1o3FzE1J0fmxqclfC6cIURb92Z.JP9wTMAaYthu0hOjrAWtEoe_uxMqGUu9zLa7lshQipO4KkcG2eYiS7Jmpb0uo8Ldcj7Q.uCWpckpsQ6MlaVczvc0RC8.PfEtb.jRzHpIgdA8Y_kfzPlBD85WCrWinmK7ozwUto_0PEI2.lUTY7CpoI4viXaT_22USUH99ysbO8CpQKxOJ8iuuEycZs5xnLiXrsOvhkvyzMXhCl3wZdEACWVtIhLeTEKvLWqT_R8301nnyfFfYnljGXb.DhlQN.ykvY73s6dU9wCZnk1caw4wpeoFdjB7YQWWRfNibnZtjRETdhA3jhqx8dX8lw4_k7kajLES14n72MF6BhiLutHbfiMX6Py_MHcz2hs27Axp8NYBHken3qm4MuOoWYCtlgnQU9i4oK_6bjHtMoRAwnyKEAMjLi0HSw2VeCSDMWsfF0m1qxDF_MLslqUSRhLWc7w1DFF9l6SSqwUEOWjqPW9fXwj.xu13u2otYjFaspXlviduaLS2exp.twM16ulDsjWQhNXj3x7E.27ugvrvagVnGaO23GKjgasQJGa.WcL6HBCdSVAc1ToI1QgRZ3W8s3WHRHKYcnQc8Shd5yio8hRwFYDA1.q5wn6aHAbllBdjjJWmMu09Hq5T68PoermlOT7TolCxpJT0Zw7IUeawEsVoLMFDAcV5tlMZU5egiq3ecV4AC9h69U0sMmXT2lOqPCAZH8ca3BE5.vr6mn39IJH0QBSYtno6g2oO.B_Bb6EK_slEUop1wYPPT0luSWSO6DfXDHBcowjwBIZu7ex.P2MDTnGiXH6ZvoxLn9c4Ao7S6Fz4HOhBAtuRJdBGlySGLHMvA6chHLRlBP0X6c8d0Op4Yqel8H33zPlbM4w5ncYZ66bVnoHIkDejZ7F.rpCUM5Xv2VVW0QwXm.qxgrkNl9nIROVSiO1KPW1mM3O147a4rFdN39M.1ymgrqPPcq26T24_PHGWSd4wZ_I6Sq99_nkqxbzw1N7M91cZ9QE3xHWBOhj_sj6GymZzkjau2PMvDDtC3B2LEHrNDI9bJehFZbL_1RRcR238gVLIr_e.krfadE.rdMyY9NGDhQT0OgunrshGc41RgxPOXuGXB3BQlrxZipjncZdqz6ynS6IErOLJGL_1smv7JTAhgAx6.ebBOMwy9KU5ZkCZcdPe1C7s44_jNLbOy6qernxBbUE.ojwmM3wAsYyetvqdd1q_bdIndSH5seahPu.cL9Jil6rjlBqLHsgePiKrf2FLnvQ9UmJr6NHAR_jy.AlXX.4Dzk.YuRPQOY",mdrd: "QUUOHca_G8dopxDg2.p8q_5yZfU81gR.5YmuFwHWvRs-1739778737-1.2.1.1-p8c50guS2ujbaVMXnq5meDPL4XN7mjZAWnaqSAslVOZaERhNeTQYhY9xaHFMlXt9n94cROF8.JurbVKU4IxtIaJax3XrJEfcF6qdfQaJlIiTrZnTWLVOfTFgcgz9JMpq39YN_Bbq3W0PRbd9OxpxLWuampnaryOJjoW5MIiabN7l9B327iGP9hB6BkNDDG9a1YmUoyjC_yuTw2n8A_65L6wESCV2Pq6l2VqRksuz9xnwGW0VzaKmUrv.E_FcryzwnUJKX2U1WVZPwOFA09oLnw8FWpvAAjRiuXzviokwv_ERyOwes5jBEFQgF.6q44x4S70gDbFPHIYD67ytp49bX0weDQQYM9WnZoN2p8cPCrMlC9zvUPM5Y8tOGu07v31p0WmehQonSSGxuxWwbeZPDfRvw98dbVjOA_S7S6x6fCj38._5vgebat8uiFyAAHrssMX5e7pIOjmYGqTfJtgbON3ynQNB7Bn_FeGxkNsl1Ie2_eHtRDC9TLA3KjzwhnRJHvoSk844O7yjQa_HF2j9sKUMySEU6N9ZeIPU.zbuOd7fzb6.7wCd4y6QPJaMo_rsT9SkyOkCyOxXFes3Nu1xOUOzfgJIxo9QdiNnZDWWskAwCKqGzqAooWO1uay0ivm5_Vy7SVpGjT_RRUXjCLBvZSJ4R.xGApDTvNbzRlaSRDUI.NOdzh7v6V4aFRoRixxj1LCp9qQ4nKWotiDKKDmtxjiSNNcnGQmoF8uXM7CoAj85ttQ_SxMxkt8o6M42aORLEMY3xTEzxiauWvyfEtfDv2ybX71j5PC68BdX_NgBzG71.Uc2ZfUELnokjHUoxzh8RWeu5SoMZWhXoV7OPToZvbwfFPrrbt5zGsnlRGmtpsr4Ofkuau3M_ZhphJsqJ6bTCzCq9SFdPfxJOUzROr68vaIcItYfP5pmr1WNjqZIwP_N7k.utxi9g.yW._CQyjLiRqCnqTz4U0JOGhSu8So8275N4Hv6e92EKjSGTIGPaadORAU8scPtgzSDRMI5hKTfyL.EbRXCiSoCOh6qg90W6.nDnOyVdjIr3rGC_V_9Qp94IFd_iaSWz4SPM0yVT0EaxS1t4_51ZY4MwxFEIyNOahD_ydlcu51n8IoxdYAzBEiP_BY3XmGCzRBS20Yq.icx1pIixhsXCibh7ymVf04PQE6jHTuuSSsEJThtyczGA_kFwZ1ls40RjVbkxbv_XDG3QkoJYqc_cbsCuihuoW1pVypJAoHDy7LH4eksqjvr6cuWz1RwmIJsSGxNZpLS.fuRorkkGil5DMoWCr5SexhJ.mOdGwDiQ2_YxaQZTUWkj9UquMex8d1_kwA0en5Uwe._zTgpr0uhsObgXwWpb9QYzmSmFGXOWDzVujuPCT6uu2WkIIf4wg9I3yQUlQkSwhilXi6B6NAZinF2JmcSBtmYzDPxAynwPeSyzLWajpKZ7bzDePx8u8EdEw8BV1__IJbPqNLjn2yKGCU..w5p4M2b.9mTdGX9RqH2aFu4hN9u2x2LWoIqeOf7FLzSk6O4ZgnMzahoBOQUKKDQAjGXtL7JTtbPjmfFJvxY2yQJXDlv0x1YvNzAIYqLEEeeXs1MQiutRfrFSTMCRyg0E4u6uUXIhvqkMKLtkyBhH18P6vXvSWmt8FBAh51T82TP8B_Mk4AyGEPJS62JLNIlgxX8Pt0_KT4AIWQI6bW2jA96VrfmMeIewvhBTLn05wDl40x2Vf.wpt6YxUgOkJpqCj5Kl8xaBNCrmY97lmUeBdRfKxYq6.CkDtcBpKJpGC5XIhlYyQscPsFxuY4JKak3s5rxYBcs5asUhfQnP_r0I6pgM9RMYJotmw6lBaLfd4hZ7lZ7QsEwnp_RMzKNDodSgJZYENr0PECCzqDrMyuFgnEkcIGK0ix7BRiaU47c0APet.0LX.zjzAY9zzphhwmBFV09.xRuRi09QPM7FIRqa6g.E5uqxmOcc9Z16nUpoF49LIGgvcfRNyeQa6iTEerFt.eUThv3nA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913432752978fe01';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10003476\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=hjh_wIX.z5HhqZINyR9Ax6wYsbbFCPf7tdqdv4bhwdY-1739778737-1.0.1.1-03S6F.yB0ItESoIvIHJkTDFhnV7jUvTtrDGx_cxVJEU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>