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city</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: mountainous city"> <meta name="keywords" content="mountainous city"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="mountainous city"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3520</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: mountainous city</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3520</span> Development Contradictions and Planning Methods of Bicycles in Mountainous Cities: A Case Study of Chongqing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuhan%20Zhang">Chuhan Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a typical mountainous city in the world, with the rise of shared transportation, cycling behavior in Chongqing is undergoing a role change from a traditional leisure activity to an important transportation mode. However, with the rapid increase in people's cycling demand, the built environment with mountainous features in Chongqing has become a key constraint hindering the further development of bicycle traffic. Based on the above background, the research summarizes the current development contradictions of bicycle traffic in Chongqing, analyses the global experience in the construction of bicycle-friendly cities with mountain characteristics, and combines the characteristics of bicycle traffic in Chongqing to further propose the planning method of the bicycle in mountain cities, to improve the bikability of Chongqing from the perspective of urban planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bicycle%20traffic" title="bicycle traffic">bicycle traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20city" title=" mountainous city"> mountainous city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bicycle-friendly" title=" bicycle-friendly"> bicycle-friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bikability" title=" bikability"> bikability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chongqing" title=" Chongqing"> Chongqing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167650/development-contradictions-and-planning-methods-of-bicycles-in-mountainous-cities-a-case-study-of-chongqing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167650.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3519</span> A Research Review of Cycling Suitability Assessment for Mountainous Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaofeng%20Fu">Xiaofeng Fu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper begins with the deconstruction of the localization of China's bicycle renaissance. Then think about how to scientifically plan bicycle traffic in a sustainable way in typed cities, especially in mountainous cities, because they need to respond to more serious geographical issues. Therefore, by sorting out the international research on bicycle traffic in mountainous cities, bike-ability is summarized as a prevalent qualitative analysis medium. Then this paper lists the influencing factors of likeability, the general research framework, and responds to the common problem of mountain cities, that is, the treatment of road longitudinal slopes, to assist urban managers in assessing whether the city's complex terrain is suitable for cycling and identifying possible improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20planning" title="traffic planning">traffic planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bikeability" title=" bikeability"> bikeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycling%20suitability" title=" cycling suitability"> cycling suitability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20cities" title=" mountainous cities"> mountainous cities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167642/a-research-review-of-cycling-suitability-assessment-for-mountainous-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3518</span> Study on the Governance of Riverside Public Space in Mountainous Cities from the Perspective of Health and Safety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chenxu%20Fang">Chenxu Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qikai%20Guan"> Qikai Guan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Riverside public space in mountainous cities has unique scenic resources and humanistic connotations and is an important place indispensable to the activities of urban residents. In recent years, with the continuous development of society and the expansion of the city, the public space along the riverside has been affected to a certain extent. Based on this, this study is based on the concept of health and safety through the study of riverfront space in the local section of Jialing River in Chongqing City; according to the actual use function of riverfront public space, the riverfront public space in mountainous cities is categorized into leisure and recreational riverfront space, ecological conservation waterfront space, and composite function waterfront space. Starting from the health and safety elements affecting the environment in the riverfront public space, the health and safety influencing factors of the riverfront public space are categorized into three major categories, namely, material, non-material, and social, and through the field research and questionnaire collection, combined with the analysis of the Likert scale, the important levels of the health and safety influencing factors of different types of the riverfront public space of the mountainous cities are clarified. We summarize the factors affecting the health and safety of mountainous riverside spaces, map their importance levels to the design of different types of riverside spaces, and put forward three representative paths for the governance of the safety and health of mountainous riverside public space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20and%20safety" title="health and safety">health and safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountain%20city" title=" mountain city"> mountain city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riverfront%20public%20space" title=" riverfront public space"> riverfront public space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20governance" title=" spatial governance"> spatial governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chongqing%20Jialing%20River" title=" Chongqing Jialing River"> Chongqing Jialing River</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186580/study-on-the-governance-of-riverside-public-space-in-mountainous-cities-from-the-perspective-of-health-and-safety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3517</span> Research on Greenway System Planning of Mountainous City: A Case Study of Chengkou County, Chongqing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youping%20Huang">Youping Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Liu"> Yang Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mountainous cities have unique landscape relationship, topography and urban spatial pattern different from plain cities, which put forward different requirements for greenway system planning strategy. Taking the greenway planning of Chengkou County in Chongqing as an example, this paper discusses the greenway system planning strategy of mountainous cities based on urban and rural green space, urban landscape resources, human resources and other factors. Through multi-angle maintenance of landscape pattern, multi-objective integration of urban resources, multi-level construction of greenway network, and multi-interactive development control, the sustainable development of mountain city landscape resources is realized, the new urban ecology is constructed, and the quality of life of urban and rural residents is improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenway%20planning" title="greenway planning">greenway planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountain%20city" title=" mountain city"> mountain city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20pattern" title=" landscape pattern"> landscape pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20resources" title=" cultural resources"> cultural resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chongqing" title=" chongqing"> chongqing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168119/research-on-greenway-system-planning-of-mountainous-city-a-case-study-of-chengkou-county-chongqing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3516</span> The Construction of the Residential Landscape in the Mountain Environment: Taking the Eling Peak, 'Mirror of the Sky', in Chongqing, China as an Example</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuhang%20Zou">Yuhang Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhu%20Wang"> Zhu Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the western part of China is mountainous and hilly region, with abundant resources of mountainous space. However, the resources are complex, and the ecological factors are diverse. As urbanization expands rapidly today, the landscape of the mountain residence needs to be changed. This paper, starting with the ecological environment and visual landscape of the mountain living space, analyzes the basic conditions of the Eling Peak, ‘Mirror of the Sky’, in Chongqing, China before its landscape renovation. Then, it analyzes some parts of the project, including the overall planning, ecological coordination, space expansion and local conditions in mountain environment. After that, this paper concludes the intention of designer and 4 methods, appropriate demolition, space reconstruction, landscape modeling and reasonable road system, to transform the master’s mountain residential works. Finally, through the analysis and understanding of the project, it sums up that the most beautiful landscape is not only the outdoor space, but also borrowing scene from the city and the sky, making them a part of the mountainous residential buildings. Only in this way can people, landscape, building, sky, and city become integrated and coexist harmoniously. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20design" title="landscape design">landscape design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20architecture" title=" mountainous architecture"> mountainous architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renovation" title=" renovation"> renovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residence" title=" residence"> residence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93047/the-construction-of-the-residential-landscape-in-the-mountain-environment-taking-the-eling-peak-mirror-of-the-sky-in-chongqing-china-as-an-example" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3515</span> Effect of Green Roofs to Prevent the Dissipation of Energy in Mountainous Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Ganji%20Morad">Mina Ganji Morad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maziar%20Azadisoleimanieh"> Maziar Azadisoleimanieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Ganji%20Morad"> Sina Ganji Morad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A green roof is formed by green plants alive and has many positive impacts in the regional climatic, as well as indoor. Green roof system to prevent solar radiation plays a role in the cooling space. The cooling is done by reducing thermal fluctuations on the exterior of the roof and by increasing the roof heat capacity which cause to keep the space under the roof cool in the summer and heating rate increases during the winter. A roof garden is one of the recommended ways to reduce energy consumption in large cities. Despite the scale of the city green roofs have effective functions, such as beautiful view of city and decontaminating the urban landscape and reduce mental stress, and in an exchange of energy and heat from outside to inside spaces. This article is based on a review of 20 articles and 10 books and valid survey results on the positive effects of green roofs to prevent energy waste in the building. According to these publications, three of the conventional roof, green roof typical and green roof with certain administrative details (layers of glass) and the use of resistant plants and shrubs have been analyzed and compared their heat transfer. The results of these studies showed that one of the best green roof systems for mountainous climate is tree and shrub system that in addition to being resistant to climate change in mountainous regions, will benefit from the other advantages of green roof. Due to the severity of climate change in mountainous areas it is essential to prevent the waste of buildings heating and cooling energy. Proper climate design can greatly help to reduce energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roof" title="green roof">green roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reducing%20energy%20consumption" title=" reducing energy consumption"> reducing energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20areas" title=" mountainous areas"> mountainous areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20architecture" title=" sustainable architecture"> sustainable architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23008/effect-of-green-roofs-to-prevent-the-dissipation-of-energy-in-mountainous-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3514</span> Resilience Assessment of Mountain Cities from the Perspective of Disaster Prevention: Taking Chongqing as an Example</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun%20Ma">Yun Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiajun%20Lu"> Jiajun Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> President Xi Jinping has clearly stated the need to more effectively advance the process of urbanization centered on people, striving to shape cities into spaces that are healthier, safer, and more livable. However, during the development and construction of mountainous cities, numerous uncertain disruptive factors have emerged, one after another, posing severe challenges to the city's overall development. Therefore, building resilient cities and creating high-quality urban ecosystems and safety systems have become the core and crux of achieving sustainable urban development. This paper takes the central urban area of Chongqing as the research object and establishes an urban resilience assessment indicator system from four dimensions: society, economy, ecology, and infrastructure. It employs the entropy weight method and TOPSIS model to assess the urban resilience level of the central urban area of Chongqing from 2019 to 2022. The results indicate that i. the resilience level of the central urban area of Chongqing is unevenly distributed, showing a spatial pattern of "high in the middle and low around"; it also demonstrates differentiation across different dimensions; ii. due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall resilience level of the central urban area of Chongqing has declined significantly, with low recovery capacity and slow improvement in urban resilience. Finally, based on the four selected dimensions, this paper proposes optimization strategies for urban resilience in mountainous cities, providing a basis for Chongqing to build a safe and livable new city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20urban%20areas" title="mountainous urban areas">mountainous urban areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20urban%20area%20of%20chongqing" title=" central urban area of chongqing"> central urban area of chongqing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy%20weight%20method" title=" entropy weight method"> entropy weight method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOPSIS%20model" title=" TOPSIS model"> TOPSIS model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ArcGIS" title=" ArcGIS"> ArcGIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194569/resilience-assessment-of-mountain-cities-from-the-perspective-of-disaster-prevention-taking-chongqing-as-an-example" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3513</span> Research on Design Methods for Riverside Spaces of Deep-cut Rivers in Mountainous Cities: A Case Study of Qingshuixi River in Chongqing City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luojie%20Tang">Luojie Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Riverside space is an important public space and ecological corridor in urban areas, but mountainous urban rivers are often overlooked due to their deep valleys and poor accessibility. This article takes the Qing Shui Xi River in Chongqing as an example, and through long-term field inspections, measurements, interviews, and online surveys, summarizes the problems of poor accessibility, limited space for renovation, lack of waterfront facilities, excessive artificial intervention, low average runoff, severe river water pollution, and difficulty in integrated watershed management in riverside space. Based on the current situation and drawing on relevant experiences, this article summarizes the design methods for riverside space in deep valley rivers in mountainous urban areas. Regarding spatial design techniques, the article emphasizes the importance of integrating waterfront spaces into the urban public space system and vertical linkages. Furthermore, the article suggests different design methods and improvement strategies for the already developed areas and new development areas. Specifically, the article proposes a planning and design strategy of "protection" and "empowerment" for new development areas and an updating and transformation strategy of "improvement" and "revitalization" for already developed areas. In terms of ecological restoration methods, the article suggests three focus points: increasing the runoff of urban rivers, raising the landscape water level during dry seasons, and restoring vegetation and wetlands in the riverbank buffer zone while protecting the overall pattern of the watershed. Additionally, the article presents specific design details of the Qingshuixi River to illustrate the proposed design and restoration techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep-cut%20river" title="deep-cut river">deep-cut river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20method" title=" design method"> design method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20city" title=" mountainous city"> mountainous city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qingshuixi%20river%20in%20Chongqing" title=" Qingshuixi river in Chongqing"> Qingshuixi river in Chongqing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waterfront%20space%20design" title=" waterfront space design"> waterfront space design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165254/research-on-design-methods-for-riverside-spaces-of-deep-cut-rivers-in-mountainous-cities-a-case-study-of-qingshuixi-river-in-chongqing-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3512</span> Determinants of Diarrhoea Prevalence Variations in Mountainous Informal Settlements of Kigali City, Rwanda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dieudonne%20Uwizeye">Dieudonne Uwizeye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Diarrhoea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among communities living in urban informal settlements of developing countries. It is assumed that mountainous environment introduces variations of the burden among residents of the same settlements. Design and Objective: A cross-sectional study was done in Kigali to explore the effect of mountainous informal settlements on diarrhoea risk variations. Data were collected among 1,152 households through household survey and transect walk to observe the status of sanitation. The outcome variable was the incidence of diarrhoea among household members of any age. The study used the most knowledgeable person in the household as the main respondent. Mostly this was the woman of the house as she was more likely to know the health status of every household member as she plays various roles: mother, wife, and head of the household among others. The analysis used cross tabulation and logistic regression analysis. Results: Results suggest that risks for diarrhoea vary depending on home location in the settlements. Diarrhoea risk increased as the distance from the road increased. The results of the logistic regression analysis indicate the adjusted odds ratio of 2.97 with 95% confidence interval being 1.35-6.55 and 3.50 adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval being 1.61-7.60 in level two and three respectively compared with level one. The status of sanitation within and around homes was also significantly associated with the increase of diarrhoea. Equally, it is indicated that stable households were less likely to have diarrhoea. The logistic regression analysis indicated the adjusted odds ratio of 0.45 with 95% confidence interval being 0.25-0.81. However, the study did not find evidence for a significant association between diarrhoea risks and household socioeconomic status in the multivariable model. It is assumed that environmental factors in mountainous settings prevailed. Households using the available public water sources were more likely to have diarrhoea in their households. Recommendation: The study recommends the provision and extension of infrastructure for improved water, drainage, sanitation and wastes management facilities. Equally, studies should be done to identify the level of contamination and potential origin of contaminants for water sources in the valleys to adequately control the risks for diarrhoea in mountainous urban settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanisation" title="urbanisation">urbanisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diarrhoea%20risk" title=" diarrhoea risk"> diarrhoea risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20environment" title=" mountainous environment"> mountainous environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20informal%20settlements%20in%20Rwanda" title=" urban informal settlements in Rwanda"> urban informal settlements in Rwanda</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94301/determinants-of-diarrhoea-prevalence-variations-in-mountainous-informal-settlements-of-kigali-city-rwanda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3511</span> The Right to City between Theory and Practice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kais%20Nasser">Kais Nasser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper tries to map the right to city, the right to just city, and describes the complications of achieving these rights in practice. It defines the right of city, its theoretical meanings, and approaches; in addition, it discusses the standards for achieving a Just City- equality, democracy, and diversity- and the complicity of ensuring them in practice. The article shows that realizing the right to city involves political, economic, social, and cultural aspects that might disturb the mission of planning a just city. Nevertheless, the article argues that the realization of the right to just city is not impossible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20city" title="right to city">right to city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=placemaking" title=" placemaking"> placemaking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20marketing" title=" city marketing"> city marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=just%20city" title=" just city"> just city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191956/the-right-to-city-between-theory-and-practice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3510</span> Analysis of Spatial Form and Gene of Historical and Cultural Settlements in Mountainous Areas: Illustrated by the Example of Anju Ancient Town</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Gang">Sun Gang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A variety of functional spaces are distributed on the vast mountain waterfront. Their functional positioning presents a spontaneous form of settlement space, and the construction features show a passive impact on the natural environment. As the precious heritage of inheriting human civilization and promoting historical culture, the traditional settlement space in mountainous areas is also the local expression of landscape pattern pattern gene. Under the impact of rapid urban construction and the stimulation of the transformation of social consumption demand, the original texture, scale and ecology of the traditional mountain settlement space, especially the historical and cultural settlement space, have been affected, and the decline of characteristics hinders the development. This paper selects Anju Ancient Town, the fourth largest ancient city in China, which is located in the city of mountains and waters as the research object, and combines spatial analysis and other methods to study the characteristics and causes of its spatial morphology, analyze the internal logic in its formation and development process, build a genetic analysis map, explore the possibility of settlement inheritance and development, and provide reference for the construction, protection and inheritance of traditional mountain settlements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountain%20traditional%20settlement" title="mountain traditional settlement">mountain traditional settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20and%20cultural%20settlement%20space" title=" historical and cultural settlement space"> historical and cultural settlement space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20form" title=" spatial form"> spatial form</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20gene" title=" spatial gene"> spatial gene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159384/analysis-of-spatial-form-and-gene-of-historical-and-cultural-settlements-in-mountainous-areas-illustrated-by-the-example-of-anju-ancient-town" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3509</span> Investigation of Glacier Activity Using Optical and Radar Data in Zardkooh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnoosh%20Ghadimi">Mehrnoosh Ghadimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Golnoush%20Ghadimi"> Golnoush Ghadimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Precise monitoring of glacier velocity is critical in determining glacier-related hazards. Zardkooh Mountain was studied in terms of glacial activity rate in Zagros Mountainous region in Iran. In this study, we assessed the ability of optical and radar imagery to derive glacier-surface velocities in mountainous terrain. We processed Landsat 8 for optical data and Sentinel-1a for radar data. We used methods that are commonly used to measure glacier surface movements, such as cross correlation of optical and radar satellite images, SAR tracking techniques, and multiple aperture InSAR (MAI). We also assessed time series glacier surface displacement using our modified method, Enhanced Small Baseline Subset (ESBAS). The ESBAS has been implemented in StaMPS software, with several aspects of the processing chain modified, including filtering prior to phase unwrapping, topographic correction within three-dimensional phase unwrapping, reducing atmospheric noise, and removing the ramp caused by ionosphere turbulence and/or orbit errors. Our findings indicate an average surface velocity rate of 32 mm/yr in the Zardkooh mountainous areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20rock%20glaciers" title="active rock glaciers">active rock glaciers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landsat%208" title=" landsat 8"> landsat 8</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentinel-1a" title=" sentinel-1a"> sentinel-1a</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zagros%20mountainous%20region" title=" zagros mountainous region"> zagros mountainous region</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164979/investigation-of-glacier-activity-using-optical-and-radar-data-in-zardkooh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3508</span> The Checkout and Separation of Environmental Hazards of the Range Overlooking the Meshkin City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Esfandyari%20Darabad">F. Esfandyari Darabad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Samadi"> Z. Samadi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural environments have always been affected by one of the most important natural hazards, which is called, the mass movements that cause instability. Identifying the unstable regions and separating them so as to detect and determine the risk of environmental factors is one of the important issues in mountainous areas development. In this study, the northwest of Sabalan hillsides overlooking the Meshkin city and the surrounding area of that have been delimitated, in order to analyze the range processes such as landslides and debris flows based on structural and geomorphological conditions, by means of using GIS. This area due to the high slope of the hillsides and height of the region and the poor localization of roads and so because of them destabilizing the ranges own an inappropriate situation. This study is done with the purpose of identifying the effective factors in the range motion and determining the areas with high potential for zoning these movements by using GIS. The results showed that the most common range movements in the area, are debris flows, rocks falling and landslides. The effective factors in each one of the mass movements, considering a small amount of weight for each factor, the weight map of each factor and finally, the map of risk zoning for the range movements were provided. Based on the zoning map resulted in the study area, the risking level of damaging has specified into the four zones of very high risk, high risk, medium risk, low risk, in which areas with very high and high risk are settled near the road and along the Khyav river and in the  mountainous district. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20flow" title="debris flow">debris flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20hazards" title=" environmental hazards"> environmental hazards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title=" landslide"> landslide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33262/the-checkout-and-separation-of-environmental-hazards-of-the-range-overlooking-the-meshkin-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3507</span> Study on Ecological Water Demand Evaluation of Typical Mountainous Rivers in Zhejiang Province: Taking Kaihua River as an Example</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaiping%20Xu">Kaiping Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiju%20You"> Aiju You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Hua"> Lei Hua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In view of the ecological environmental problems and protection needs of mountainous rivers in Zhejiang province, a suitable ecological water demand evaluation system was established based on investigation and monitoring. Taking the Kaihua river as an example, the research on ecological water demand and the current situation evaluation were carried out. The main types of ecological water demand in Majin River are basic ecological flow and lake wetland outside the river, and instream flow and water demands for water quality in Zhongcun river. In the wet season, each ecological water demand is 18.05m3/s and 2.56m3 / s, and in the dry season is 3.00m3/s and 0.61m3/s. Three indexes of flow, duration and occurrence time are used to evaluate the ecological water demand. The degree of ecological water demand in the past three years is low level of satisfaction. Meanwhile, the existing problems are analyzed, and put forward reasonable and operable safeguards and suggestions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhejiang%20province" title="Zhejiang province">Zhejiang province</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20river" title=" mountainous river"> mountainous river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20water%20demand" title=" ecological water demand"> ecological water demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaihua%20river" title=" Kaihua river"> Kaihua river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94998/study-on-ecological-water-demand-evaluation-of-typical-mountainous-rivers-in-zhejiang-province-taking-kaihua-river-as-an-example" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3506</span> City Management Transformation: Urban Renewal Empowered by Chinese City Culture in the New Era</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Chen">Hong Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Heping"> Li Heping</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> China's urbanization rate has exceeded 60%, and in the long term, China's urbanization development will enter a new stage of transformation and development focusing on quality improvement, and urban renewal has become an important part of China's urban development. In the past, many cities in the process of renewal in order to maximize the pursuit of economic interests, large-scale demolition of the old to build new, accelerating the disappearance of regional history and culture, aggravating the homogenization of the city. With the changes in the economic and social development environment, urban renewal requires a more comprehensive perspective of action. Starting from the perspective of the core of urban management theory, this paper is oriented to culture-enabled urban renewal and takes the urban renewal of Changbin Road Area in Yuzhong District of Chongqing as an example to expound the problems and renewal strategies in its urban renewal, so as to provide references for the urban renewal of other Chinese cities in the new period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urban%20management" title="Urban management">Urban management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urban%20culture" title=" Urban culture"> Urban culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urban%20renewal%20in%20mountainous%20areas" title=" Urban renewal in mountainous areas"> Urban renewal in mountainous areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20renewal" title=" urban renewal"> urban renewal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173342/city-management-transformation-urban-renewal-empowered-by-chinese-city-culture-in-the-new-era" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3505</span> A Study on Micro-Renewal of Mountainous Urban Communities Based on Child-Friendliness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zipei%20Yin">Zipei Yin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Community space is the main place for children's daily outdoor activities. The mountain community space has the typical characteristics of a closed natural environment, a scattered population layout with height differences, and a relatively independent group structure. This has resulted in special limitations on children's outdoor activities in terms of safety, accessibility, and appropriateness, which urgently makes it necessary to explore how to construct children's activity spaces in mountainous societies under the special limitations. This study investigated the activity spaces for children aged 3-11 years old in typical old communities in Chongqing and evaluated them based on the dimensions of spatial characteristics, environmental safety, and connectivity to summarise three typical patterns of children's outdoor activity spaces in old communities in mountainous cities. Then, under the framework of the appeal of the child-friendly urban environment, taking advantage of the characteristics of the old community in mountain cities compared with the plain urban community, such as complex social form, diversified functional positioning, and good foundation of autonomy, this paper explores the micro-renewal path and strategy of the compound utilization of community public space from the two levels of design and governance, so as to further promote the research and practice of the healthy development of mountain urban community environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child-friendly" title="child-friendly">child-friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20community" title=" healthy community"> healthy community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20public%20space" title=" community public space"> community public space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20urban%20community" title=" mountainous urban community"> mountainous urban community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20renewal" title=" community renewal"> community renewal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173351/a-study-on-micro-renewal-of-mountainous-urban-communities-based-on-child-friendliness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3504</span> Analysis of Creative City Indicators in Isfahan City, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Mokhtari%20Malek%20Abadi">Reza Mokhtari Malek Abadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Saghaei"> Mohsen Saghaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Iman"> Fatemeh Iman </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the indices of a creative city in Isfahan. Its main aim is to evaluate quantitative status of the creative city indices in Isfahan city, analyze the dispersion and distribution of these indices in Isfahan city. Concerning these, this study tries to analyze the creative city indices in fifteen area of Isfahan through secondary data, questionnaire, TOPSIS model, Shannon entropy and SPSS. Based on this, the fifteen areas of Isfahan city have been ranked with 12 factors of creative city indices. The results of studies show that fifteen areas of Isfahan city are not equally benefiting from creative indices and there is much difference between the areas of Isfahan city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grading" title="grading">grading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20city" title=" creative city"> creative city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20city%20evaluation%20indicators" title=" creative city evaluation indicators"> creative city evaluation indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20planning%20model" title=" regional planning model"> regional planning model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9914/analysis-of-creative-city-indicators-in-isfahan-city-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3503</span> Research on Old Community Planning Strategy in Mountainous City from The Perspective of Physical Activity: A Case Study of Daxigou Street Community, Chongqing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Liandong">Yang Liandong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid development of cities has triggered a series of urban health problems. Residents' daily lives have generally changed to long-term unhealthy work and rest, and the prevalence of chronic diseases in the population is on the rise. Promoting physical activity is an effective way to enhance the population's health and reduce the risk of various chronic diseases. As the most basic unit of the city, the community is the living space where residents use the highest frequency of daily activities and also the best space carrier for people to carry out all kinds of physical activities, and its planning research is of great significance for promoting physical activities. Under special conditions, the old communities in mountainous cities present compact and three-dimensional spatial characteristics, and there are problems such as disordered spatial organization, scattered distribution, and low utilization rates. This paper selects four communities in Daxigou Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing as the research object, analyzes the current situation of the research cases through literature combing and field investigation and interviews, and puts forward the planning strategies for promoting physical activity in old communities in mountain cities from four aspects: building a convenient and smooth public space system, creating a diversified and shared activity space, creating a beautiful and healing community landscape, and providing convenient and perfect supporting facilities, to provide a certain reference for the healthy development of old communities in mountain cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title="physical activity">physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20planning" title=" community planning"> community planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=old%20communities%20in%20mountain%20cities" title=" old communities in mountain cities"> old communities in mountain cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20space%20optimization" title=" public space optimization"> public space optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20fairness" title=" spatial fairness"> spatial fairness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188312/research-on-old-community-planning-strategy-in-mountainous-city-from-the-perspective-of-physical-activity-a-case-study-of-daxigou-street-community-chongqing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3502</span> Urban City Centres: A Study of Centres and City Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Poorna%20Chander">B. Poorna Chander</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban centre is one of the most important parts of the city where all the community activities take place. They are the active zones which enhance the structure of a city. The structure of the city refers to its form, mobility patterns, and concentration of people and lifestyles of people. The purpose of the research paper is to study how does the character or structure of city changes when a new centre is established. An attempt has been made to understand this by studying how the formation of centre has been changing the form or the structure of the city since the ancient times, what are the notions of a city and a centre by various architects, by studying the various models of the future city proposed by them. And then the data has been linked to how the formation of the new centres is changing the city. As the demands of the city are increasing, it also regulates how the new centres are formed. So both, the city and the centre are interdependent on each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centre" title="centre">centre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activities" title=" activities"> activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyles" title=" lifestyles"> lifestyles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=people" title=" people"> people</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=form" title=" form"> form</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81988/urban-city-centres-a-study-of-centres-and-city-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3501</span> Managers' Awareness of Employees' Mental Health in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Underpopulated Mountainous Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susumu%20Fukita">Susumu Fukita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiromi%20Kawasaki"> Hiromi Kawasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satoko%20Yamasaki"> Satoko Yamasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kotomi%20Yamashita"> Kotomi Yamashita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomoko%20Iki"> Tomoko Iki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in the number of workers with mental health problems has become an issue. Many workers work in small- and medium-sized enterprises, which often support local employment and economy, especially in underpopulated mountainous areas. It is important for managers to take mental health measures for employees since there is no budget to hire health staff in small- and medium-sized enterprises. It is necessary to understand the manager's attitude toward the mental health of employees and to publicly support the manager in promoting mental health measures for employees. The purpose of this study was to study the awareness of managers of small- and medium-sized enterprises regarding the mental health of employees and to consider support for managers to take measures for the mental health of employees. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six managers of small- and medium-sized enterprises in underpopulated mountainous areas in November 2019. Managers were asked about their awareness of the mental health of their employees. Qualitative descriptive analysis was used, and subcategories and categories were extracted. Four categories emerged. Regarding the mental health of employees, the managers acknowledged that if the appearance and behavior of the employees do not interfere with their lives, the manager judges that the employees’ mental health is normal. It was also found that the managers acknowledged that there is a comfortable working environment due to the characteristics of the underpopulated mountainous area. On the other hand, the managers acknowledged that employees are dissatisfied with salaries and management systems. In addition, it was found the manager acknowledged that some employees retire due to mental health problems. Although managers recognized that employees may be dissatisfied with salaries, they also recognized that there was a comfortable working environment due to the characteristics of the areas, with good interpersonal relationships. Economic challenges are difficult to solve in underpopulated mountainous areas. It is useful to consider measures that take advantage of the characteristics of the areas where it is easy to work because of good relations with each other, for example, to create a family-like workplace culture where managers and employees can engage in daily conversation. The managers judged that the employees were in good health if there was no interference with their lives. However, it is too late to take measures at the stage when it becomes an obstacle to life. Therefore, it is necessary to provide training for managers to learn observation techniques by which they quickly notice changes in the situation of employees and give appropriate responses; and to set up a contact point for managers to consult. Local governments should actively provide public support such as training for managers and establishing consultation desks to maintain valuable employment and local economics in underpopulated mountainous areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employer" title="employer">employer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small-%20and%20medium-%20sized%20enterprises" title=" small- and medium- sized enterprises"> small- and medium- sized enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underpopulated%20areas" title=" underpopulated areas"> underpopulated areas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132856/managers-awareness-of-employees-mental-health-in-small-and-medium-sized-enterprises-in-underpopulated-mountainous-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3500</span> Exploring the Growth Path under Coupling Relationship between Space and Economy of Mountain Village and Townlets: Case Study of Southwest China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runlin%20Liu">Runlin Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilong%20Li"> Shilong Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> China is a mountainous country, with two-thirds of its territory covered by plateaus, hills, and mountains, and nearly half of the cities and towns are distributed in mountainous areas. Compared with the environmental constraints in the development path of cities and towns in the plains, there are heterogeneities in aspects such as spatial characteristics, growth mode, and ecological protection and so on for mountain village and townlets, and the development path of mountain village and townlets has a bidirectional relationship between mountain space and economic growth. Based on classical growth theory, this article explores the two-dimensional coupling relation between space and economy in mountain village and townlets under background of rural rejuvenation. GIS technology is adopted in the study to analyze spatial trends and patterns, economical spatial differentiation characteristics of village and townlets. This powerful tool can also help differentiate and analyze limiting factors and assessment systems in the economic growth of village and townlets under spatial dimension of mountainous space. To make the research more specific, this article selects mountain village and townlets in Southwest China as the object of study; this provides good cases for analyzing parallel coupling mechanism of the duality structure system between economic growth and spatial expansion and discussing the path selection of spatial economic growth of mountain village and towns with multiple constraints. The research results can provide quantitative references for the spatial and economic development paths of mountain villages and towns, which is helpful in realizing efficient and high-quality development mode with equal emphasis on spatial and economic benefits for these type of towns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupling%20mechanism" title="coupling mechanism">coupling mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20technology" title=" geographic information technology"> geographic information technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20town" title=" mountainous town"> mountainous town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergetic%20development" title=" synergetic development"> synergetic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20economy" title=" spatial economy"> spatial economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118534/exploring-the-growth-path-under-coupling-relationship-between-space-and-economy-of-mountain-village-and-townlets-case-study-of-southwest-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3499</span> Exploring the Characteristics of Three Elements of the Mountainous Cultural Landscape in Yemen: Mountainous Cities, Mountainous Villages, and Cultivated Terraces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulfattah%20A.%20Q.%20Alwah">Abdulfattah A. Q. Alwah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20Al%E2%80%91Attar"> Amal Al‑Attar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumyah%20M.%20Al-Fanini"> Sumyah M. Al-Fanini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ellen%20Fetzer"> Ellen Fetzer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cultural landscapes enhance the spiritual relationship between people and their environment. They represent civilized evidence of peoples' interaction with nature and the exploitation of its resources to build their civilization. Yemeni urban and rural environments are rich in many cultural landscape elements that reflect the ingenuity of Yemeni people in interacting with nature. Yemen's mountain cities and villages appear in harmony with mountains, with vertical tower building patterns, local building materials, and unique architectural and urban elements and features. Such cities and villages are still full of life today, such as the cities of Taiz, Ibb, Lahj, and historical Jableh and hundreds of mountain villages in the provinces of the mountainous highlands. The cultivated mountain terraces reflect the ability of Yemenis to create arable areas in the tall mountains and to use successful means of irrigation and rainwater drainage. Unfortunately, there is a severe shortage of research studies that discuss the cultural landscapes in Yemen and the mechanisms for their preservation. Therefore, this study aimed to shed light on the types of mountain cultural landscapes in Yemen and discuss the means of their preservation. The study achieved its objectives through a theoretical review of available studies and field visits to some sites in Ibb, Jableh, and Taiz cities. The study highlighted the human contribution to these sites and elements and showed the Yemenis’ skills in adapting to nature and benefiting from it ideally. This study can guide the competent authorities to assess, develop, and protect cultural landscape sites in Yemen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civilization" title="civilization">civilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20environment" title=" urban environment"> urban environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yemeni%20mountain%20architecture" title=" Yemeni mountain architecture"> Yemeni mountain architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20heritage%20conservation" title=" human heritage conservation"> human heritage conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20identity" title=" cultural identity"> cultural identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171687/exploring-the-characteristics-of-three-elements-of-the-mountainous-cultural-landscape-in-yemen-mountainous-cities-mountainous-villages-and-cultivated-terraces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3498</span> Snow Leopard Conservation in Nepal: Peoples` Perception on the Verge of Rural Livelihood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bishnu%20Prasad%20Devkota">Bishnu Prasad Devkota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Peoples` perception is reflected in their attitudes and presumably their behavior towards wildlife conservation. The success of wildlife conservation initiatives in the mountains of Nepal is heavily dependent on local people. Therefore, Nepal has emphasized the involvement of local people in wildlife conservation, especially in the mountainous region. Local peoples` perception towards snow leopard conservation in six mountainous protected area of Nepal was carried out conducting 300 household surveys and 90 face to face key informant interviews. The average livestock holding was 27.74 animals per household with depredation rate of 10.6 % per household per annum. Livestock was the source of 32.74% of the total mean annual income of each household. In average, the economic loss per household per annum due to livestock depredation was US $ 490. There was significant difference in people´s perception towards snow leopard conservation in protected areas of mountainous region of Nepal. These differences were due to economic, educational and cultural factors. 54.4% local people showed preference for snow leopard conservation. The perception of local people toward snow leopard was significantly difference by the economic status of local people. Involvement of local people in conservation activities had positive impact towards wildlife conservation in the mountain region of Nepal. Timely introducing incentive programs can be a supportive way for sustaining the conservation of snow leopards in the Nepalese Himalayas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20loss" title="economic loss">economic loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livestock%20depredation" title=" livestock depredation"> livestock depredation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20people" title=" local people"> local people</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snow%20leopard" title=" snow leopard"> snow leopard</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89803/snow-leopard-conservation-in-nepal-peoples-perception-on-the-verge-of-rural-livelihood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3497</span> Importance of E-Participation by U-Society in the Development of the U-City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalaluddin%20Abdul%20Malek">Jalaluddin Abdul Malek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Asruladlyi%20Ibrahim"> Mohd Asruladlyi Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zurinah%20Tahir"> Zurinah Tahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is to reveal developments in the areas of urban technology in Malaysia. Developments occur intend to add value intelligent city development to the ubiquitous city (U-city) or smart city. The phenomenon of change is called the development of post intelligent cities. U-City development discourse is seen from the perspective of the philosophy of the virtuous city organized by al-Farabi. The prosperity and perfection of a city is mainly caused by human personality factors, as well as its relationship with material and technological aspects of the city. The question is, to what extent to which human factors are taken into account in the concept of U-City as an added value to the intelligent city concept to realize the prosperity and perfection of the city? Previously, the intelligent city concept was developed based on global change and ICT movement, while the U-city added value to the development of intelligent cities and focused more on the development of information and communications technology (ICT). Value added is defined as the use of fiber optic technology that is wired to the use of wireless technology, such as wireless broadband. In this discourse, the debate on the concept of U-City is to the symbiosis between the U-City and the importance of local human e-participation (U-Society) for prosperity. In the context of virtuous city philosophy, it supports the thought of symbiosis so the concept of U-City can achieve sustainability, prosperity and perfection of the city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20city" title="smart city">smart city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ubiquitous%20city" title=" ubiquitous city"> ubiquitous city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=u-society" title=" u-society"> u-society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-participation" title=" e-participation"> e-participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosperity" title=" prosperity"> prosperity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54210/importance-of-e-participation-by-u-society-in-the-development-of-the-u-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3496</span> The City Ecological Corridor Construction Based on the Concept Of "Sponge City"（Case Study: Lishui）</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Mengyuan">Xu Mengyuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Lei"> Xu Lei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Behind the rapid development of Chinese city, the contradiction of frequent urban waterlogging and the shortage of water resources is deepening. In order to solve this problem, introduce the low impact development "sponge city" construction mode in the process of the construction of new urbanization in China, make our city " resilience to adapt" environmental change and natural disaster. Firstly this paper analyses the basic reason of urban waterlogging, then introduces the basic connotation and realization approach of “sponge city”. Finally, study on the project in Lishui Guazhou, focuses on the analysis of the "urban ecological corridor" construction strategy and the positive impact on city in the construction of “sponge city”. Meanwhile, we put forward the ”local conditions” and ”sustainable” as the construction ideas, make use of ecological construction leading city development, explore the ecological balance through the city to enhance the regional value, and providing reference and reflection for the development and future of the “sponge city” in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20water%20logging" title="urban water logging">urban water logging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sponge%20city" title=" sponge city"> sponge city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20ecological%20corridor" title=" urban ecological corridor"> urban ecological corridor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30382/the-city-ecological-corridor-construction-based-on-the-concept-of-sponge-citycase-study-lishui" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">641</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3495</span> From Ritual City to Modern City: The City Space Transformation of Xi’an in the Early 20th Century</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Bian">Zhang Bian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Jijun"> Zhao Jijun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The urban layout of Xi’an city (the capital Chang’an in the Tang dynasty) was shaped by feudal etiquette, but this dominant factor was replaced by modern city planning during the period of the Republic of China. This makes Xi’an a representative case to explore the transformation process of Chinese cities in the early 20<sup>th</sup> century. By analyzing the contrast and connection between the historical texts of city planning and the realistic construction activities recorded by the maps and images, this paper reviews the transformation process of the urban space of Xi’an in the early 20<sup>th</sup> century and divides it into four phases according to important events that significantly impacted planning and construction activities. Based on this, the entire transformation of Xi’an’s city planning and practices can be characterized by three aspects: 1) the dominant force of the city plan and construction changed with the establishment of modern city administrations; 2) the layout of the city was continuously broadened to meet the demand of modern economy and city life; and, 3) the ritual space was transformed into practical space for commercial and recreational activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20space" title="city space">city space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20early%2020th%20century" title=" the early 20th century"> the early 20th century</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xi%E2%80%99an%20city" title=" Xi’an city"> Xi’an city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132478/from-ritual-city-to-modern-city-the-city-space-transformation-of-xian-in-the-early-20th-century" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132478.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3494</span> Construction and Optimization of Green Infrastructure Network in Mountainous Counties Based on Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis and Minimum Cumulative Resistance Models: A Case Study of Shapingba District, Chongqing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuning%20Guan">Yuning Guan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Under the background of rapid urbanization, mountainous counties need to break through mountain barriers for urban expansion due to undulating topography, resulting in ecological problems such as landscape fragmentation and reduced biodiversity. Green infrastructure networks are constructed to alleviate the contradiction between urban expansion and ecological protection, promoting the healthy and sustainable development of urban ecosystems. This study applies the MSPA model, the MCR model and Linkage Mapper Tools to identify eco-sources and eco-corridors in the Shapingba District of Chongqing and combined with landscape connectivity assessment and circuit theory to delineate the importance levels to extract ecological pinch point areas on the corridors. The results show that: (1) 20 ecological sources are identified, with a total area of 126.47 km², accounting for 31.88% of the study area, and showing a pattern of ‘one core, three corridors, multi-point distribution’. (2) 37 ecological corridors are formed in the area, with a total length of 62.52km, with a ‘more in the west, less in the east’ pattern. (3) 42 ecological pinch points are extracted, accounting for 25.85% of the length of the corridors, which are mainly distributed in the eastern new area. Accordingly, this study proposes optimization strategies for sub-area protection of ecological sources, grade-level construction of ecological corridors, and precise restoration of ecological pinch points. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20infrastructure%20network" title="green infrastructure network">green infrastructure network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphological%20spatial%20pattern" title=" morphological spatial pattern"> morphological spatial pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimal%20cumulative%20resistance" title=" minimal cumulative resistance"> minimal cumulative resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20counties" title=" mountainous counties"> mountainous counties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circuit%20theory" title=" circuit theory"> circuit theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shapingba%20district" title=" shapingba district"> shapingba district</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186874/construction-and-optimization-of-green-infrastructure-network-in-mountainous-counties-based-on-morphological-spatial-pattern-analysis-and-minimum-cumulative-resistance-models-a-case-study-of-shapingba-district-chongqing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3493</span> Conceptual Model Design for E-Readiness of Entrepreneurial City Case Study: Entrepreneurial Cities in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Yaghmoor">Mohsen Yaghmoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sima%20Radmanesh"> Sima Radmanesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameneh%20Gholami"> Ameneh Gholami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cities are the principal ground for manifestation of an information society. To create an entrepreneurial city, it is required that just and equal access to opportunities are provided for all segments of the city and technologies are intelligently employed. Furthermore, it is necessary for us to be electronically ready in all political, economic, social, cultural, and technological aspects. Also e-city creates enormous potentials and opportunities for development of the entrepreneurial city. After improvement of e-readiness for establishment of entrepreneurial e-city, potentials, and capitals of the city become productive and more suitable opportunities are offered to citizens, state sectors, and private sectors in order to become entrepreneurs. To create and develop an entrepreneurial city, we need to have readiness to detection and creation of entrepreneurial opportunities and finally exploitation of these opportunities which, in turn, lead to use of entrepreneurial events and their quality in the city. In this model, the quality of entrepreneurial events, the productivity of activities, the necessity of reducing the digital gap, positive and active attendance in information society and compatibility and aligning with the global society are emphasized. In an entrepreneurial city, citizens are not help seekers, private sector is not passive, and the government is entrepreneurial. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-city" title="e-city">e-city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-readiness" title=" e-readiness"> e-readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20city" title=" entrepreneurial city"> entrepreneurial city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20events" title=" entrepreneurial events"> entrepreneurial events</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20entrepreneurship" title=" technological entrepreneurship"> technological entrepreneurship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18233/conceptual-model-design-for-e-readiness-of-entrepreneurial-city-case-study-entrepreneurial-cities-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3492</span> The Kanuri Factor in the 20th Century Economy of Sokoto City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murtala%20Marafa">Murtala Marafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is on socio-economic contributions of the Kanuri migrant community in Sokoto City during the 20th century. Kanuri migrants have been one of the major migrant groups who played and still playing positive role in the development of Sokoto city. The research will make an attempt to examine both the push and pulls factors responsible for Kanuri migration to Sokoto City. It is in the light of this that the research will examine and capture profiles of select prominent Kanuri migrants within the Sokoto city, in order to identify their major economic contributions to the development of Sokoto City. It is hoped that the study will show in the final analysis that the migration of Kanuri to Sokoto city have impacted positively to the socio-economic development of Sokoto city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economy" title=" economy"> economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanuri" title=" Kanuri"> Kanuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39299/the-kanuri-factor-in-the-20th-century-economy-of-sokoto-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3491</span> Site Investigations and Mitigation Measures of Landslides in Sainj and Tirthan Valley of Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laxmi%20Versain">Laxmi Versain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20S.%20Banshtu"> R. S. Banshtu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Landslides are found to be the most commonly occurring geological hazards in the mountainous regions of the Himalaya. This mountainous zone is facing large number of seismic turbulences, climatic changes, and topography changes due to increasing urbanization. That eventually has lead several researchers working for best suitable methodologies to infer the ultimate results. Landslide Hazard Zonation has widely come as suitable method to know the appropriate factors that trigger the lansdslide phenomenon on higher reaches. Most vulnerable zones or zones of weaknesses are indentified and safe mitigation measures are to be suggested to mitigate and channelize the study of an effected area. Use of Landslide Hazard Zonation methodology in relative zones of weaknesses depend upon the data available for the particular site. The causative factors are identified and data is made available to infer the results. Factors like seismicity in mountainous region have closely associated to make the zones of thrust and faults or lineaments more vulnerable. Data related to soil, terrain, rainfall, geology, slope, nature of terrain, are found to be varied for various landforms and areas. Thus, the relative causes are to be identified and classified by giving specific weightage to each parameter. Factors which cause the instability of slopes are several and can be grouped to infer the potential modes of failure. The triggering factors of the landslides on the mountains are not uniform. The urbanization has crawled like ladder and emergence of concrete jungles are in a very fast pace on hilly region of Himalayas. The local terrains has largely been modified and hence instability of several zones are triggering at very fast pace. More strategic and pronounced methods are required to reduce the effect of landslide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zonation" title="zonation">zonation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LHZ" title=" LHZ"> LHZ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=susceptible" title=" susceptible"> susceptible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weightages" title=" weightages"> weightages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methodology" title=" methodology"> methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52736/site-investigations-and-mitigation-measures-of-landslides-in-sainj-and-tirthan-valley-of-kullu-district-himachal-pradesh-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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