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Search results for: eternal freedom
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text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: eternal freedom</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">731</span> Anatta: A Buddhist Remedy to the Problem of Associating Eternal Self to Non-Eternal Body</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maitreyee%20Datta">Maitreyee Datta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Anātmalaksana Sutra, Buddha talks about the importance of anattā (no-self). This notion of no-self is a critical response towards the Brahmanical tradition of classical India in which self has been taken to be eternal. Though self is taken to be eternal, ‘I’ refer to Person who is the self as determined by non-eternal body. Buddha raises questions regarding the possibility of the association between eternal self and non-eternal body. According to him, such an association is not possible. Thus, instead of an eternal self and its association with the non-eternal body, he speaks about association among five different non-eternal parts (skandhas). He holds that ‘I’ refers to Person, but this Person is not eternal self as determined by the non-eternal body. It is the combination of five different skandhas each of which is non-eternal. So according to Buddha, there is no eternal self which in association with non-eternal body is referred to as ‘I,’ but ‘I’ is a convenient designator which designates the combination of five non-eternal skandhas. If ‘I’ is taken to refer the combination of five non-eternal skandhas, then the problematic of the association between eternal self (attā) and non-eternal body will not be there. The realization that ‘I’ does not refer to any eternal self as determined by non-eternal body, but instead refer to the combination of five non-eternal skandhas leads to the cessation of suffering (duhkkha). The root of suffering lies in craving for something or the other. Thus, as soon as one realizes that the person is not constituted of any eternal self but is constituted of non-eternal skandhas, his desire to acquire and possess will be stopped. Thus, in the whole conceptual framework of Buddhist philosophy, anattā occupies a pivotal role the realization of which is admitted to be the cause of the cessation of suffering. In the present paper, an effort will be made to analyse this notion of anattā to show how the realization of the truth that person is a combination of five skandhas each of which is non-eternal helps an individual to get rid of the bondage. If eternal self is to be admitted, then there always remains the problem of connecting the eternal self with the non-eternal body, because this connection only gives rise to the notion of person in such framework. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anatta" title="anatta">anatta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atta" title=" atta"> atta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duhkkha" title=" duhkkha"> duhkkha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skandha" title=" skandha"> skandha</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98524/anatta-a-buddhist-remedy-to-the-problem-of-associating-eternal-self-to-non-eternal-body" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">730</span> Existential Absurdity, Alienation and Death in Charles Forsman’s The End of the Fxxxing World, I Am Not Okay With This, and Slasher </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renukha%20Devi%20Anandan">Renukha Devi Anandan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Charles Forsman’s The End of The Fxxxing World, I Am Not Okay With This, and Slasher invariably deals with existential themes. They reflect the perplexed situation of the characters torn between the search for existence and the constraints of human conditions that impede them from such realization, ensuing a dilemma deeply-rooted in absurdity and alienation. These characters are social misfits who fail to fashion their existence and develop harmoniously. Therefore, the present paper adopts an Existential approach to examine the vignettes of alienation and absurdity vis-à-vis the characters’ speech, actions, and thoughts. Furthermore, this paper explores the role of death either as a self-destructive behavior or the eternal freedom of man in graphic novels. Findings portrayed how the characters’ absurd existence surrounded by the void, would eventually develop into death. Finally, the study revealed that Forsman’s distinctive serial illustration not only unveiled the predicaments of the characters through their hard-boiled smokescreens in the 21st-century social paradigm but also established graphic novels as part and parcel of a literary genre. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existentialism" title="existentialism">existentialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absurdity" title=" absurdity"> absurdity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alienation" title=" alienation"> alienation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=death" title=" death"> death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-destruction" title=" self-destruction"> self-destruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eternal%20freedom" title=" eternal freedom "> eternal freedom </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128617/existential-absurdity-alienation-and-death-in-charles-forsmans-the-end-of-the-fxxxing-world-i-am-not-okay-with-this-and-slasher" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">729</span> Human Trafficking: Stand for Freedom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhumitha%20Rajasekaran">Madhumitha Rajasekaran </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Freedom is a short, powerful word we take for granted every day. It is hard to fully appreciate freedom when we have never had it snatched away from us. We get to choose our jobs, where we live, what we eat. If we are unhappy at work, we have the freedom to quit and find work elsewhere. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title="human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standing%20for%20freedom" title=" standing for freedom"> standing for freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20work" title=" social work"> social work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20research" title=" social research"> social research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18029/human-trafficking-stand-for-freedom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">728</span> Nietzsche and Shakti: An Intercultural Analysis of Nietzsche's Experiment with the Eternal Feminine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shruti%20Jain">Shruti Jain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During its independence struggle in the early 20th century, India witnessed trends of politicisation of various spiritual paths, one of them being that of Shaktism. Interestingly, Nietzsche’s teachings were being interpreted as being essentially the worship of Shakti. The present paper aims at investigating this claim and hence undertakes an intercultural archaeological excavation in the realm of the Goddess archetypes that Nietzsche’s work invokes. Ariadne is placed next to Radha, Baubo to Lajja Gauri, Medusa to Chhinnamasta, Hecate to Kali and Dhumavati and Athena to Sarawati. Indeed, the Eternal Feminine plays a vital role in Nietzsche’s writings. One might recall that Nietzsche even declared himself to be the first Psychologist of the Eternal Feminine. The present paper aims to illustrate how, the matter of the Eternal Feminine, like all other matters, is subjected to Nietzsche’s basic creative principle of transvaluation of values and new meaning making. In order to achieve this, Nietzsche applies what Heidegger calls a 'cross-wise striking-through' technique in his analysis of what can be termed as his engagement with Shaktism. Hence, not only is the mystical ascent and descent of the creative energy (Kundalini Shakti) dealt with under erasure in Thus Spake Zarathustra, but coincidentally also the Three Metamorphoses emerge as an instance of such an erasure, making the Devi invisible and yet not so invisible for an Indian reader. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eternal%20feminine" title="eternal feminine">eternal feminine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nietzsche%20and%20India" title=" Nietzsche and India"> Nietzsche and India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaktism" title=" Shaktism"> Shaktism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transvaluation%20of%20values" title=" transvaluation of values"> transvaluation of values</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108444/nietzsche-and-shakti-an-intercultural-analysis-of-nietzsches-experiment-with-the-eternal-feminine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">727</span> The Aesthetics of Time in Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Reappraisal of the Eternal Recurrence of the Same</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melanie%20Tang">Melanie Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to Nietzsche, the eternal recurrence is his most important idea. However, it is perhaps his most cryptic and difficult to interpret. Early readings considered it as a cosmological hypothesis about the cyclic nature of time. However, following Nehamas’s ‘Life as Literature’ (1985), it has become a widespread interpretation that the eternal recurrence never really had any theoretical dimensions, and is not actually a philosophy of time, but a practical thought experiment intended to measure the extent to which we have mastered and perfected our lives. This paper endeavours to challenge this line of thought becoming scholarly consensus, and to carry out a more complex analysis of the eternal recurrence as it is presented in Thus Spoke Zarathustra. In its wider scope, this research proposes that Thus Spoke Zarathustra — as opposed to The Birth of Tragedy — be taken as the primary source for a study of Nietzsche’s Aesthetics, due to its more intrinsic aesthetic qualities and expressive devices. The eternal recurrence is the central philosophy of a work that communicates its ideas in unprecedentedly experimental and aesthetic terms, and a more in-depth understanding of why Nietzsche chooses to present his conception of time in aesthetic terms is warranted. Through hermeneutical analysis of Thus Spoke Zarathustra and engagement with secondary sources such as those by Nehamas, Karl Löwith, and Jill Marsden, the present analysis challenges the ethics of self-perfection upon which current interpretations of the recurrence are based, as well as their reliance upon a linear conception of time. Instead, it finds the recurrence to be a cyclic interplay between the self and the world, rather than a metric pertaining solely to the self. In this interpretation, time is found to be composed of an intertemporal rather than linear multitude of will to power, which structures itself through tensional cycles into an experience of circular time that can be seen to have aesthetic dimensions. In putting forth this understanding of the eternal recurrence, this research hopes to reopen debate on this key concept in the field of Nietzsche studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nietzsche" title="Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eternal%20recurrence" title=" eternal recurrence"> eternal recurrence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarathustra" title=" Zarathustra"> Zarathustra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aesthetics" title=" aesthetics"> aesthetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time" title=" time"> time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109821/the-aesthetics-of-time-in-thus-spoke-zarathustra-a-reappraisal-of-the-eternal-recurrence-of-the-same" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">726</span> What Defines Acceptable European Values for Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maia%20Kipiani">Maia Kipiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamari%20Beridze"> Tamari Beridze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Tchanturia"> Natalia Tchanturia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bella%20Goderdzishvili"> Bella Goderdzishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sophio%20Beridze"> Sophio Beridze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natia%20Kuparadze"> Natia Kuparadze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Europe has concrete examples how small nations can survive and maintain their identity in its area. Values are eternal guides of our life and source of its perfection. European values are universal and relevant for every epoch, society or state. Values, such as personal freedom, human dignity, sovereignty of law, national or cultural identity are universal and eternal. Even superficial review of history of Georgian culture clearly shows that western values, including fundamental human rights. This paper discusses the approach and findings of choice of values in Georgia. Georgia is still quite far away from perfectly established values. Georgia has walked the hardest road till XXI century. Country survived miraculously many times. The study shows that the only way to survive is to strengthen national, traditional values and should not forget global factors. It is clear that for achievement of goals is important European education, legislative and economic reforms, peacefully and democratically develop Georgia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title="democracy">democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economical%20reforms" title=" economical reforms"> economical reforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20values" title=" European values"> European values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20dignity" title=" human dignity"> human dignity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science" title=" science"> science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sovereignty%20of%20law" title=" sovereignty of law"> sovereignty of law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well-being" title=" well-being"> well-being</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36427/what-defines-acceptable-european-values-for-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">725</span> From Protector to Violator: Assessing State's Role in Protecting Freedom of Religion in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manotar%20Tampubolon">Manotar Tampubolon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia is a country that upholds the law, human rights and religious freedom. The freedom that implied in various laws and constitution (Undang-undang 1945) is not necessarily applicable in practice of religious life. In one side, the state has a duty as protector and guarantor of freedom, on the other side, however, it turns into one of the actors of freedom violations of religion minority. State action that interferes freedom of religion is done in various ways both intentionally or negligently or not to perform its obligations in the enforcement of human rights (human rights due diligence). Besides the state, non-state actors such as religious organizations, individuals also become violators of the rights of religious freedom. This article will discuss two fundamental issues that interfere freedom of religion in Indonesia after democratic era. In addition, this article also discusses a comprehensive state policy that discriminates minority religions to manifest their faith. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20freedom" title="religious freedom">religious freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitution" title=" constitution"> constitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minority%20faith" title=" minority faith"> minority faith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20actor" title=" state actor"> state actor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64690/from-protector-to-violator-assessing-states-role-in-protecting-freedom-of-religion-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">724</span> Freedom and the Value of Games: How to Overcome the Challenges in the Gamification of Necessary Learning Tasks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20May">Jonathan May</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper argues that the value of games relates to the sensation of freedom they create, and this in turn results from their nature as voluntary, non-necessary tasks. Attempts to gamify necessary learning tasks are therefore challenged to create this sensation of freedom and so they often fail to create the pleasure and value found in traditional games. It then demonstrates a route to creating this sensation of freedom through the maximization of varied and creative solutions to such problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamification" title="gamification">gamification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=games" title=" games"> games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy%20of%20games" title=" philosophy of games"> philosophy of games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom" title=" freedom"> freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voluntary%20action" title=" voluntary action"> voluntary action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=necessity" title=" necessity"> necessity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20of%20games" title=" value of games"> value of games</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151112/freedom-and-the-value-of-games-how-to-overcome-the-challenges-in-the-gamification-of-necessary-learning-tasks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">723</span> Freedom with Limitations: The Nature of Free Expression in the European Case-Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laszlo%20Vari">Laszlo Vari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the digital age, the spread of the mobile world and the nature of the cyberspace, offers many new opportunities for the prevalence of the fundamental right to free expression, and therefore, for free speech and freedom of the press; however, these new information communication technologies carry many new challenges. Defamation, censorship, fake news, misleading information, hate speech, breach of copyright etc., are only some of the violations, all of which can be derived from the harmful exercise of freedom of expression, all which become more salient in the internet. Here raises the question: how can we eliminate these problems, and practice our fundamental freedom rightfully? To answer this question, we should understand the elements and the characteristic of the nature of freedom of expression, and the role of the actors whose duties and responsibilities are crucial in the prevalence of this fundamental freedom. To achieve this goal, this paper will explore the European practice to understand instructions found in the case-law of the European Court of Human rights for the rightful exercise of freedom of expression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collision%20of%20rights" title="collision of rights">collision of rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20case-law" title=" European case-law"> European case-law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20opinion%20and%20expression" title=" freedom opinion and expression"> freedom opinion and expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20law" title=" media law"> media law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20of%20information" title=" freedom of information"> freedom of information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20expression" title=" online expression"> online expression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104514/freedom-with-limitations-the-nature-of-free-expression-in-the-european-case-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">722</span> Academic Freedom Policy: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marlin%20Killen">Marlin Killen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) describes academic freedom as essential to the purposes of research and teaching. The importance of academic freedom as a bedrock foundation that supports the work of the professoriate cannot be overstated, and there have been innumerable challenges that have attempted to curtail it. These challenges come from a variety of sources that span legal, ethical, cultural, institutional, and professional perspective and are amplified by social media, traditional media, and political action efforts. Because of these challenges, the development of a comprehensive institutional policy on academic freedom that addresses the principles, practices, and appropriate responses to modern challenges can be a daunting task. This presentation will focus on a case study of a university’s effort to develop an updated, evolving policy on academic freedom that provides a framework and remedies for contemporary challenges to this critical function in higher education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20freedom" title="academic freedom">academic freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20freedom%20policy" title=" academic freedom policy"> academic freedom policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education%20policy" title=" higher education policy"> higher education policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139552/academic-freedom-policy-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">721</span> Freedom of Information and Freedom of Expression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Pashaye%20Amiri">Amin Pashaye Amiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Freedom of information, according to which the public has a right to have access to government-held information, is largely considered as a tool for improving transparency and accountability in governments, and as a requirement of self-governance and good governance. So far, more than ninety countries have recognized citizens’ right to have access to public information. This recognition often took place through the adoption of an act referred to as “freedom of information act”, “access to public records act”, and so on. A freedom of information act typically imposes a positive obligation on a government to initially and regularly release certain public information, and also obliges it to provide individuals with information they request. Such an act usually allows governmental bodies to withhold information only when it falls within a limited number of exemptions enumerated in the act such as exemptions for protecting privacy of individuals and protecting national security. Some steps have been taken at the national and international level towards the recognition of freedom of information as a human right. Freedom of information was recognized in a few countries as a part of freedom of expression, and therefore, as a human right. Freedom of information was also recognized by some international bodies as a human right. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled in 2006 that Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights, which concerns the human right to freedom of expression, protects the right of all people to request access to government information. The European Court of Human Rights has recently taken a considerable step towards recognizing freedom of information as a human right. However, in spite of the measures that have been taken, public access to government information is not yet widely accepted as an international human right. The paper will consider the degree to which freedom of information has been recognized as a human right, and study the possibility of widespread recognition of such a human right in the future. It will also examine the possible benefits of such recognition for the development of the human right to free expression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20of%20information" title="freedom of information">freedom of information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20of%20expression" title=" freedom of expression"> freedom of expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20information" title=" government information"> government information</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23647/freedom-of-information-and-freedom-of-expression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">720</span> Challenges to Press Freedom in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awais%20Ahmad">Awais Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> People of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) remains underrepresented in Pakistan’s mainstream media and their miseries and concerns are unheard and unnoticed. Rising the incidents of human rights violation in KP province of Pakistan, and its absence in the mainstream media has raised many questions on the clause of press freedom known as 19/A in the constitution of Pakistan, that has claimed freedom of speech to all Pakistani citizens. Using a ‘think a loud’ research technique, senior most journalists of KP have been interviewed to get to know reasons of why and how Pashtun’s voices have been silenced in a democratic country where individual’s opinion is considered more powerful, and they can exercise freedom to protest and speak-up for their rights. The information collected from the journalists has been used to evaluate press freedom in KP and FATA by applying the institutional theory. The paper evaluates different recent cases where Pashtun journalists, media outlets and social activists were being punished for criticizing authorities and military establishment. This study also explores that the perception of local journalists regarding press freedom and what are the factors they consider it restrictions while they perform their duties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=press%20freedom" title="press freedom">press freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=federally%20administered%20tribal%20areas%20%28fata%29" title=" federally administered tribal areas (fata)"> federally administered tribal areas (fata)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=khyber%20pakhtunkhwa%20%28kp%29" title=" khyber pakhtunkhwa (kp)"> khyber pakhtunkhwa (kp)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military%20establishment" title=" military establishment"> military establishment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167654/challenges-to-press-freedom-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">719</span> The Dialectic of Law and Politics for George Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djehich%20Mohamed%20Yousri">Djehich Mohamed Yousri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to address the dialectic of law and politics in the philosophy of the state of the philosopher Hegel by addressing the concept of law, which refers to its general meaning to the set of rules and legislation that man sets to apply them within society, as it is considered one of the primary and necessary conditions for the functioning of And organizing social life, when it defines the rights and duties of every individual belonging to the state, by approaching it with central concepts in political philosophy, such as the state, freedom and the people. The most prominent result that we reached through our analysis of the details of the problematic research is the relationship between law and politics in the philosophical system of Hegel; on the one hand, We find that the state is rational only to the extent that it resorts to the law and works under it, and the latter does not realize its essence and effectiveness unless it is extracted from the customs, traditions, and culture of the people so that it does not conflict with the ideal goal of its existence, which is to achieve freedom and protect it from all possible. A state does not mean at all to reduce the freedom of the people, so there is no conflict between law and freedom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hegel" title="hegel">hegel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20law" title=" the law"> the law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=country" title=" country"> country</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom" title=" freedom"> freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizen" title=" citizen"> citizen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161831/the-dialectic-of-law-and-politics-for-george-friedrich-wilhelm-hegel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">718</span> The Ordinary Way of the Appeal in Penalty Part</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkadir%20Elhaouari">Abdelkadir Elhaouari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The priciest thing in human life since his birth is his freedom, basing on this idea, the conflict exists till now, the fight against oppression, injustice, tyranny and slavery, searching for freedom and political resistances, and this makes the freedom is deeply related to the defense for its existence all over years. This project attempts using any way to preserve this freedom, and building and maintaining bases and rules to organize this life. Appeal is a one of the most important method that human uses to protect his freedom, and we will mention in this thesis our attempt to clarify this aspect to the individual. We can say that the law does not know just one color or one logic, and is not based on one rule to be taken by heart, but the law is neutrality, the diversity, abstraction and diligence diversity. The penal law is a valued law and it deserves to be studied and searched more… so that to attempt to master it. Our thesis is just a brief explanation of an important point in this law, where we attempt to clarify and simplify the image to the normal person, so that he can preserve his rights, and we hope that we had succeeded to choose the right topic for that. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appeal" title="appeal">appeal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penalization" title=" penalization"> penalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judgement" title=" judgement"> judgement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal" title=" criminal "> criminal </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44833/the-ordinary-way-of-the-appeal-in-penalty-part" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">717</span> Ambiguity in Anti-conversion Laws in the Indian States – A Limitation to the Freedom of Religion Guaranteed under the Constitution of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roy%20Alex">Roy Alex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Shampa%20I%20Dev"> Dr. Shampa I Dev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract Nine out of twenty-eight states in India have enacted anti-conversion laws to regulate religious conversions by use of force, allurement, inducement, or fraudulent means. The vagueness of the definitions of the terms used in these laws makes them inconsistent with the provisions of the right to freedom of religion guaranteed by the Constitution. It is a critical question whether these laws protect the religious freedom of groups that are “vulnerable” to missionary inducements, or are they restricting the freedom of citizens to propagate their religion to others or change their religious identity? This article looks into the constitutionality of the anti-conversion laws passed in the Indian States and argues that these laws limit the freedom of religion guaranteed under Article 25 of the Constitution of India. The ambiguity in the anti-conversion laws passed in various states of India is brought out by critically analyzing multiple cases charged under anti-conversion laws. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Freedom%20of%20Religion" title="Freedom of Religion">Freedom of Religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anti-conversion%20Laws" title=" Anti-conversion Laws"> Anti-conversion Laws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allurement" title=" allurement"> allurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inducement" title=" inducement"> inducement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20fraudulent%20means." title=" and fraudulent means."> and fraudulent means.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154609/ambiguity-in-anti-conversion-laws-in-the-indian-states-a-limitation-to-the-freedom-of-religion-guaranteed-under-the-constitution-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">716</span> Economic Analysis of Interaction Freedom, Institutions and Development in the countries of North Africa: Amartya Sen Approach of Capability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essardi%20Omar">Essardi Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razzouk%20Redouane"> Razzouk Redouane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of freedom requires notice of countries all over the world to consider welfare and the quality of life. Despite, many economics efforts in the field of development literature, they have often failed to incorporate the ideas of freedom and rights into their theoretical and empirical work. However, with Amartya Sen’s approach of capability and researches, we can provide a basis for moving forward in theory and measure of development. Indeed, with an approach based on the correlation and the analysis of data, particularly on the tool of principle component analysis, we are going to study assessments of World Bank, Freedom House, Fraster institute, and MINEFE experts. Our empirical objective is to reveal the existence of the institutional and freedom characteristics related to the development of the emergent countries. In order to help us to explain the recent performance reached by Central and Eastern Europe and Latine America in compared with the case of countries of North Africa. To do this, first we will try to build indicators based on dilemma liberties /institutions. Second we will introduce institutional variables and freedom variables to make comparisons in freedom, quality of institutions and development in the countries observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedoms" title="freedoms">freedoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutions" title=" institutions"> institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approach%20of%20capability" title=" approach of capability"> approach of capability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principle%20component%20analysis" title=" principle component analysis "> principle component analysis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16325/economic-analysis-of-interaction-freedom-institutions-and-development-in-the-countries-of-north-africa-amartya-sen-approach-of-capability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">715</span> The Impact of Financial News and Press Freedom on Abnormal Returns around Earnings Announcements in Greater China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Chen%20Wei">Yu-Chen Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang-Cheng%20Lu"> Yang-Cheng Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-Chi%20Lin"> I-Chi Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the impacts of news sentiment and press freedom on abnormal returns during the earnings announcement in greater China including the Shanghai, Shenzhen and Taiwan stock markets. The news sentiment ratio is calculated by using the content analysis of semantic orientation. The empirical results show that news released prior to the event date may decrease the cumulative abnormal returns prior to the earnings announcement regardless of whether it is released in China or Taiwan. By contrast, companies with optimistic financial news may increase the cumulative abnormal returns during the announcement date. Furthermore, the difference in terms of press freedom is considered in greater China to compare the impact of press freedom on abnormal returns. The findings show that, the freer the press is, the more negatively significant will be the impact of news on the abnormal returns, which means that the press freedom may decrease the ability of the news to impact the abnormal returns. The intuition is that investors may receive alternative news related to each company in the market with greater press freedom, which proves the efficiency of the market and reduces the possible excess returns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=news" title="news">news</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=press%20freedom" title=" press freedom"> press freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greater%20China" title=" Greater China"> Greater China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earnings%20announcement" title=" earnings announcement"> earnings announcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abnormal%20returns" title=" abnormal returns"> abnormal returns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8585/the-impact-of-financial-news-and-press-freedom-on-abnormal-returns-around-earnings-announcements-in-greater-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> Freedom of Expression and Its Restriction in Audiovisual Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevil%20Yildiz">Sevil Yildiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Audio visual communication is a type of collective expression. Collective expression activity informs the masses, gives direction to opinions and establishes public opinion. Due to these characteristics, audio visual communication must be subjected to special restrictions. This has been stipulated in both the Constitution and the European Human Rights Agreement. This paper aims to review freedom of expression and its restriction in audio visual media. For this purpose, the authorisation of the Radio and Television Supreme Council to impose sanctions as an independent administrative authority empowered to regulate the field of audio visual communication has been reviewed with regard to freedom of expression and its limits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audio%20visual%20media" title="audio visual media">audio visual media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20of%20expression" title=" freedom of expression"> freedom of expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=its%20limits" title=" its limits"> its limits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20and%20television%20supreme%20council" title=" radio and television supreme council"> radio and television supreme council</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39325/freedom-of-expression-and-its-restriction-in-audiovisual-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> Freedom of Speech, Dissent and the Right to be Governed By Consensus are Inherent Rights Under Classical Islamic Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20Motala">Ziyad Motala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is often proclaimed by leasers in Muslim majority countries that Islamic Law does not permit dissent against a ruler. This paper will evaluate and discuss freedom of speech and dissent as found in concrete prophetic examples during the time of the Prophet Muhammad. It will further look at the examples and practices during the time of the four Noble Caliphs, the immediate successors to the Prophet Muhammad. It will argue that the positivist position of absolute obedience to a ruler is inconsistent with the prophetic tradition. The examples of the Prophet and his immediate four successors (whose lessons Sunni Islam considers to be a source of Islamic Law) demonstrates among the earliest example of freedom of speech and dissent in human history. That tradition frowned upon an inert and uninvolved citizenry. It will conclude with lessons for modern day Muslim majority countries arguing with empirical evidence that freedom of speech, dissent and the right to be governed by consensus versus coercion are fundamental requisites of Islamic law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20law" title="islamic law">islamic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demoracy" title=" demoracy"> demoracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20of%20speech" title=" freedom of speech"> freedom of speech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20dissent" title=" right to dissent"> right to dissent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153937/freedom-of-speech-dissent-and-the-right-to-be-governed-by-consensus-are-inherent-rights-under-classical-islamic-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> Reminiscence Bump in Autobiographical Memory of Freedom Fighters in Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eamin%20Zahan%20Heanoy">Eamin Zahan Heanoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asheek%20Mohammad%20Shimul"> Asheek Mohammad Shimul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present study was to address theoretical issues of reminiscence bump in autobiographical memory using the freedom fighters of Bangladesh as participants. It was assumed that they had a lot of negative memories during the liberation war in 1971 and those events would reflect the construction of reminiscence bump. Three hundred and twenty (320) freedom fighters were selected using mixed method (purposive and random) sampling technique. The freedom fighters were taken from 10 randomly chosen districts of 64. The participants recalled and dated autobiographical memories from across the lifespan. The age of the participants was between 50 to 80+ years. Memories were encoded at the time of the age when the events occurred. As expected the reminiscence bump, preferential recall of memories from second and third decade was observed. Results indicate that the bump for the participants was found 16 to 26 years. And most remarkably, they recalled most of the memories from 1971, the liberation war. Different retrieval curve has been found for male and female participants. The results have been discussed in the light of recent developments in reminiscence bump research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autobiographical%20memory" title="autobiographical memory">autobiographical memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20fighters" title=" freedom fighters"> freedom fighters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberation%20war" title=" liberation war"> liberation war</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reminiscence%20bump" title=" reminiscence bump"> reminiscence bump</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63155/reminiscence-bump-in-autobiographical-memory-of-freedom-fighters-in-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">711</span> The Language Use of Middle Eastern Freedom Activists' Speeches: A Gender Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulistyaningtyas">Sulistyaningtyas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Examining the role of Middle Eastern freedom activists’ speech based on gender perspective is considered noteworthy because the society in the Middle East is patriarchal. This research aims to examine the language use of the Middle Eastern freedom activists’ speeches through gender perspective. The data sources are from male and female Middle Eastern freedom activists’ speech videos. In analyzing the data, the theories employed are about Language Style from Gender Perspective and The Language for Speech. The result reveals that there are sets of spoken language differences between male and female speakers. In using the language for speech, both male and female speakers produce metaphor, euphemism, the ‘rule of three’, parallelism, and pronouns in random frequency of production, which cannot be separated by genders. Moreover, it cannot be concluded that one gender is more potential than the other to influence the audience in delivering speech. There are other factors, particularly non-verbal factors, existing to give impacts on how a speech can influence the audience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20perspective" title="gender perspective">gender perspective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20use" title=" language use"> language use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Middle%20Eastern%20freedom%20activists" title=" Middle Eastern freedom activists"> Middle Eastern freedom activists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech" title=" speech"> speech</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72543/the-language-use-of-middle-eastern-freedom-activists-speeches-a-gender-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">710</span> Freedom of Speech and Involvement in Hatred Speech on Social Media Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Chinnasamy">Sara Chinnasamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Gun"> Michelle Gun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Adnan%20Hashim"> M. Adnan Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Federal Constitution guarantees Malaysians the right to free speech and expression; yet hatred speech can be commonly found on social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. In Malaysia social media sphere, most hatred speech involves religion, race and politics. Recent cases of racial attacks on social media have created social tensions among Malaysians. Many Malaysians always argue on their rights to freedom of speech. However, there are laws that limit their expression to the public and protecting social media users from being a victim of hate speech. This paper aims to explore the attitude and involvement of Malaysian netizens towards freedom of speech and hatred speech on social media. It also examines the relationship between involvement in hatred speech among Malaysian netizens and attitude towards freedom of speech. For most Malaysians, practicing total freedom of speech in the open is unthinkable. As a result, the best channel to articulate their feelings and opinions liberally is the internet. With the advent of the internet medium, more and more Malaysians are conveying their viewpoints using the various internet channels although sensitivity of the audience is seldom taken into account. Consequently, this situation has led to pockets of social disharmony among the citizens. Although this unhealthy activity is denounced by the authority, netizens are generally of the view that they have the right to write anything they want. Using the quantitative method, survey was conducted among Malaysians aged between 18 and 50 years who are active social media users. Results from the survey reveal that despite a weak relationship level between hatred speech involvement on social media and attitude towards freedom of speech, the association is still considerably significant. As such, it can be safely presumed that hatred speech on social media occurs due to the freedom of speech that exists by way of social media channels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20of%20speech" title="freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hatred%20speech" title=" hatred speech"> hatred speech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=netizens" title=" netizens"> netizens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72863/freedom-of-speech-and-involvement-in-hatred-speech-on-social-media-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">709</span> Aesthetics, Freedom and State in Hegel’s Philosophy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Jamali">Akbar Jamali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many scholars consider Hegel’s philosophy of art as the greatest theory of aesthetics since Aristotle’s Poetics. ‘Freedom’ distinguishes modern, especially German Idealism with Greek philosophy. Therefore, introducing and contemplating on Hegel’s Aesthetics as a whole, freedom as the essence of art, Hegel’s controversial claim on the end of art, and the relation of art and state is the main theme of this study. Hegel’s aesthetics is to be understood in his whole system. According to Hegel’s speculative philosophy, being is to be understood as self-determining Reason or Idea. The self-determining Reason actualizes and realizes himself in the course of history. Idea in the process of self-actualization becomes more and more rational. It first actualizes itself in matter, then in non-conscious life, finally in conscious and self-conscious life. Self-conscious life is the most rational stage of development of Idea in which the subject can think and imagine, use language and exercise freedom. Hegel calls this self-conscious life Spirit (Geist). Therefore, emergence of human being is an essential moment in the process of self-determination of Reason. It is not accidental rather a necessity. The essence of spirit is freedom. Since the history is the process of the self-actualization if spirit, humankind becomes more and more, free. Spirit in its ‘Absolute’ form manifests itself into three forms; Art, Religion and philosophy. Art is the first stage in which Spirit understands itself. In fact, Art is the expression of human spirit, which is comprehended by our senses. Beauty is defined as the sensuous expression of free Spirit. The purpose of art is, therefore, to express, enjoy and contemplate on our freedom. State belongs to the realm of Objective spirit, while Art along with Religion and philosophy belong to the realm of Absolute Spirit. Absolute spirit is superior to Objective Spirit; therefore, state must not interfere in the realm of art. Limitation on art by state directly violates freedom and prevents development of national spirit. Genuine art leads us to freedom and richness of (national) Spirit. Using Hegel’s philosophy of art, we can comprehend why totalitarian states try to limit art and, why artists are the enemy of totalitarian states. In this philosophical system, we contemplate on art as a way to freedom and emancipation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aesthetics" title="aesthetics">aesthetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom" title=" freedom"> freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirit" title=" spirit"> spirit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state" title=" state"> state</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41611/aesthetics-freedom-and-state-in-hegels-philosophy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">708</span> The National Idea and Selthindentification of Nation is the Foundation of the Society’s Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Aisultanova">K. Aisultanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Abdimanuly"> O. Abdimanuly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article is told about the factors influencing the formation of the national idea and national identity. Paying attention to the idea and purpose of 'Eternal county', historical dates and examples are given. The structure of the idea 'The eternal country' by ancient Turks is discussed and the history of the legend prevalent among the Kazakh people, the image of the mythical historical figures are analyzed. Al-Farabi’s philosophical work 'Honest city', Zhysip Balasagun’s poem 'Happy Knowledge' are told, the opinions of scholars researching the nation's history, literature, and culture are given. As international experience shows, the idea of a new stage in the development of the country's great national society and the state for the purpose of political, social, economic, cultural, spiritual, and the other efforts are consolidated. The idea of the national, ethnic, religious, cultural and other communities united by a group of people sharing a collective memory, goals, ideas and dreams and , world view, a complex set of beliefs and values are expressed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independence" title="independence">independence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20process" title=" historical process"> historical process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20idea" title=" national idea"> national idea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20national%20ideology" title=" the national ideology"> the national ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state" title=" state"> state</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34347/the-national-idea-and-selthindentification-of-nation-is-the-foundation-of-the-societys-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">707</span> Complex Rigid-Plastic Deformation Model of Tow Degree of Freedom Mechanical System under Impulsive Force</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelouaheb%20Rouabhi">Abdelouaheb Rouabhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to study the plastic resource of structures, the elastic-plastic single degree of freedom model described by Prandtl diagram is widely used. The generalization of this model to tow degree of freedom beyond the scope of a simple rigid-plastic system allows investigating the plastic resource of structures under complex disproportionate by individual components of deformation (earthquake). This macro-model greatly increases the accuracy of the calculations carried out. At the same time, the implementation of the proposed macro-model calculations easier than the detailed dynamic elastic-plastic calculations existing software systems such as ANSYS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic-plastic" title="elastic-plastic">elastic-plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20degree%20of%20freedom%20model" title=" single degree of freedom model"> single degree of freedom model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rigid-plastic%20system" title=" rigid-plastic system"> rigid-plastic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20resource" title=" plastic resource"> plastic resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20plastic%20deformation" title=" complex plastic deformation"> complex plastic deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro-model" title=" macro-model"> macro-model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11998/complex-rigid-plastic-deformation-model-of-tow-degree-of-freedom-mechanical-system-under-impulsive-force" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">706</span> A Deep Explanation for the Formation of Force as a Foundational Law of Physics by Incorporating Unknown Degrees of Freedom into Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Farshad">Mohsen Farshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Information and force definition has been intertwined with the concept of entropy for many years. The displacement information of degrees of freedom with Brownian motions at a given temperature in space emerges as an entropic force between species. Here, we use this concept of entropy to understand the underlying physics behind the formation of attractive and repulsive forces by imagining that space is filled with free Brownian degrees of freedom. We incorporate the radius of bodies and the distance between them into entropic force relation systematically. Using this modified gravitational entropic force, we derive the attractive entropic force between bodies without considering their spin. We further hypothesize a possible mechanism for the formation of the repulsive force between two bodies. We visually elaborate that the repulsive entropic force will be manifested through the rotation of degrees of freedom around the spinning particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title="entropy">entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information" title=" information"> information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force" title=" force"> force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brownian%20Motions" title=" Brownian Motions"> Brownian Motions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150175/a-deep-explanation-for-the-formation-of-force-as-a-foundational-law-of-physics-by-incorporating-unknown-degrees-of-freedom-into-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">705</span> Interrogating the Theoretical Basis of the Freedom Charter in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibonginkosi%20Mazibuko">Sibonginkosi Mazibuko </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The “adoption” of the Freedom Charter in 1955 at Kliptown south of Johannesburg, South Africa represented a desire to create a society that is based on common citizenship, and democracy. The architects of the Charter had a vision of a society that lived in peace with itself. Today, the Charter is still promoted as the best thing that ever happened to a society ravaged by racism, dispossession, oppression and exploitation – a society divided in all aspects of its life. This paper moves from the understanding that land is fundamental to all life. It interrogates the Charter’s claim on land. At a time when the colonised world sought to free themselves from the chains of colonialism and Africans throughout the continent demanded Africa for the Africans, the Freedom Charter claimed South Africa for all who lived in it. To the extent that this paper problematizes the philosophical underpinnings of the Charter, it uses the methodology of dialectic materialism to understand the theoretical basis of the Freedom Charter. The paper argues that the understanding, desire and the vision of the Freedom Charter were, as they are today, irreconcilable. To that effect and in pursuit of narrow class interests, the Charter justified land dispossession and unsustainable living conditions for the dispossessed majority. The paper then concludes that, by misrepresenting the critically fundamental land question, the Charter tried to reconcile the dispossessed with their dispossession and thus reflected coloniality and whiteness long before colonialism and settler-colonialism came to an end in South Africa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonialism" title="colonialism">colonialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contradictions" title=" contradictions"> contradictions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20charter" title=" freedom charter"> freedom charter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14975/interrogating-the-theoretical-basis-of-the-freedom-charter-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">704</span> The Impact of Economic Freedom on Entrepreneurship Motivation: A Gendered Perspective on OECD Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepideh%20Khavarinezhad">Sepideh Khavarinezhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paolo%20Pietro%20Biancone"> Paolo Pietro Biancone</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper sheds light on how gender entrepreneurship is influenced by economic freedom in OECD countries. Our study empirically explores the interaction of financial institutions and its effect of both motivations on total entrepreneurial activities (TEA) of women and men in these countries and to discuss the differences between women and men in this field, which is always a hot topic in entrepreneurship. Employing a dynamic method, we conducted panel data analysis in the time frame from 2012-2015. In this regard, we evaluate the relationship between the Index of Economic Freedoms and its three years, and both indicators of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) on supportive financial institutions. We investigate that economic liberalization tends to persuade men and women entrepreneurs to start their businesses or to reduce motivation entrepreneurship. In particular, our paper demonstrates that motivation entrepreneurship seems to benefit from government support and fade barriers in legal structure in business, while we expect to confirm that free trade and economic freedom stimulate the entrepreneur’s motivation and their participation to start own business. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20freedom" title="economic freedom">economic freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20entrepreneurship" title=" gender entrepreneurship"> gender entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20institutions" title=" financial institutions"> financial institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD%20countries" title=" OECD countries"> OECD countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111103/the-impact-of-economic-freedom-on-entrepreneurship-motivation-a-gendered-perspective-on-oecd-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">703</span> Navigating the Legal Seas: The Freedom to Choose Applicable Law in Tort</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Vora%20%28Hoxha%29">Sara Vora (Hoxha)</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An essential feature of any international lawsuit is the ability of the parties to pick the law that would apply in the event of a tort claim. This option to choose the law to use in tort cases is based on Article 14 and 4/3 of the Rome II Regulation. The purpose of this article is to examine the boundaries of this freedom, as well as its relevance in international legal disputes. The article opens with a brief introduction to the basics of tort law. After a short introduction, the article demonstrates why Article 14 and 4/3 of the Rome II Regulation are so crucial to the right to select appropriate law in tort cases. The notion of the right to select the law to use in tort cases is examined, along with its breadth and possible restrictions. The article presents case studies to demonstrate how the right to select relevant law in tort might be put into practise. Case results and the judges' rationales for their rulings are examined. The possible influence of the right to select applicable law in tort on the process of harmonisation is also explored in this study. The results are summarised and the primary research question is addressed in the last section of the paper. In conclusion, the parties' ability to pick the law that rules their dispute via the freedom to choose relevant law in tort is a crucial feature of cross-border litigation. Despite certain restrictions, this freedom is nevertheless an important part of the legal structure that governs international conflicts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applicable%20law" title="applicable law">applicable law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tort" title=" tort"> tort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rome%20II%20regulation" title=" Rome II regulation"> Rome II regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20to%20choose" title=" freedom to choose"> freedom to choose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-border%20litigation" title=" cross-border litigation"> cross-border litigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonization%20of%20tort%20law" title=" harmonization of tort law"> harmonization of tort law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165981/navigating-the-legal-seas-the-freedom-to-choose-applicable-law-in-tort" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">702</span> Bioarm, a Prothesis without Surgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Sagouis">J. Sagouis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chamel"> A. Chamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Carre"> E. Carre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Casasreales"> C. Casasreales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Rudnik"> G. Rudnik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Cerdan"> M. Cerdan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Robotics provides answers to amputees. The most expensive solutions surgically connect the prosthesis to nerve endings. There are also several types of non-invasive technologies that recover nerve messages passing through the muscles. After analyzing these messages, myoelectric prostheses perform the desired movement. The main goal is to avoid all surgeries, which can be heavy and offer cheaper alternatives. For an amputee, we use valid muscles to recover the electrical signal involved in a muscle movement. EMG sensors placed on the muscle allows us to measure a potential difference, which our program transforms into control for a robotic arm with two degrees of freedom. We have shown the feasibility of non-invasive prostheses with two degrees of freedom. Signal analysis and an increase in degrees of freedom is still being improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosthesis" title="prosthesis">prosthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography%20%28EMG%29" title=" electromyography (EMG)"> electromyography (EMG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic%20arm" title=" robotic arm"> robotic arm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nerve%20message" title=" nerve message"> nerve message</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15441/bioarm-a-prothesis-without-surgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15441.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> 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