CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Tamarindus indica</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Tamarindus indica"> <meta name="keywords" content="Tamarindus indica"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Tamarindus indica" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Tamarindus indica"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 27</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Tamarindus indica</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> The Tyrosinase and Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory Activities and Cytotoxicity Screening of Tamarindus indica Seeds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Thongmuang">P. Thongmuang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Sudjaroen"> Y. Sudjaroen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The methanolic extracts from seeds of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) was prepared by Soxhlet apparatus extraction and evaluated for total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Then, methanolic extract was screened biological activities (In vitro) for anti-melanogenic activity by tyrosinase inhibition test, antiinflammation activity by cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibition test, and cytotoxic screening test with Vero cells. The results showed that total phenolic content, which contained in extract, was contained 27.72 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g of dry weight. The ability to inhibit tyrosinase enzyme, which exerted by Tamarind seed extracts (1 mg/ml) was 52.13 ± 0.42 %. The extract was not possessed inhibitory effect to COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes and cytotoxic effect to Vero cells. The finding is concludes that tested seed extract was possessed antimelanogenic activity with non-toxic effects. However, there was not exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies include the use of advance biological models to confirm this biological activity, as well as, the isolation and characterization of the purified compounds that it was contained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tamarindus%20indica" title="Tamarindus indica">Tamarindus indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=anti-melanogenic" title=" anti-melanogenic"> anti-melanogenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=antiinflammatotion" title=" antiinflammatotion"> antiinflammatotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=seed" title=" seed"> seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=phenolic%20compounds." title=" phenolic compounds."> phenolic compounds.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2655/the-tyrosinase-and-cyclooxygenase-inhibitory-activities-and-cytotoxicity-screening-of-tamarindus-indica-seeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2655/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2655/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2655/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2655/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2655/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2655/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2655/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2655/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2655/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2655/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2941</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Removal of Vanadium from Industrial Effluents by Natural Ion Exchanger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shashikant%20R.%20Kuchekar">Shashikant R. Kuchekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Haribhau%20R.%20Aher"> Haribhau R. Aher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Priti%20M.%20Dhage"> Priti M. Dhage</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The removal vanadium from aqueous solution using natural exchanger was investigated. The effects of pH, contact time and exchanger dose were studied at ambient temperature (25 <sup>0</sup>C ± 2 <sup>0</sup>C). The equilibrium process was described by the Langmuir isotherm model with adsorption capacity for vanadium. The natural exchanger i.e. tamarindus seeds powder was treated with formaldehyde and sulpuric acid to increase the adsorptivity of metals. The maximum exchange level was attained as 80.1% at pH 3 with exchanger dose 5 g and contact time 60 min. Method is applied for removal of vanadium from industrial effluents.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Industrial%20effluent" title="Industrial effluent">Industrial effluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=natural%20ion%20exchange" title=" natural ion exchange"> natural ion exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tamarindus%20indica" title=" Tamarindus indica"> Tamarindus indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vanadium." title=" vanadium."> vanadium.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010960/removal-of-vanadium-from-industrial-effluents-by-natural-ion-exchanger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010960/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010960/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010960/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010960/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010960/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010960/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010960/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010960/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010960/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010960/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">737</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Aqueous Extract of Flacourtia indica Prevents Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gnanaprakash%20K">Gnanaprakash K</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Madhusudhana%20Chetty%20C"> Madhusudhana Chetty C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ramkanth%20S"> Ramkanth S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alagusundaram%20M"> Alagusundaram M</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tiruvengadarajan%20VS"> Tiruvengadarajan VS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Angala%20Parameswari%20S"> Angala Parameswari S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Saleem%20TS"> Mohamed Saleem TS</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a well-known hepatotoxin and exposure to this chemical is known to induce oxidative stress and causes liver injury by the formation of free radicals. Flacourtia indica commonly known as 'Baichi' has been reported as an effective remedy for the treatment of a variety of diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Flacourtia indica against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. Animals were pretreated with the aqueous extract of Flacourtia indica (250 & 500 mg/kg body weight) for one week and then challenged with CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg bw) in olive oil (1:1, v/v) on 7th day. Serum marker enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT, Total Protein & Total Bilirubin) and TBARS level (Marker for oxidative stress) were estimated in all the study groups. Alteration in the levels of biochemical markers of hepatic damage like AST, ALT, ALP, Total Protein, Total Bilirubin and lipid peroxides (TBARS) were tested in both CCl4 treated and extract treated groups. CCl4 has enhanced the AST, ALT, ALP and the Lipid peroxides (TBARS) in liver. Treatment of aqueous extract of Flacourtia indica leaves (250 & 500 mg/kg) exhibited a significant protective effect by altering the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, Total Protein, Total Bilirubin and liver TBARS. These biochemical observations were supported by histopathological study of liver sections. From this preliminary study it has been concluded that the aqueous extract of the leaves of Flacourtia indica protects liver against oxidative damages and could be used as an effective protector against CCl4 induced hepatic damage. Our findings suggested that Flacourtia indica possessed good hepatoprotective activity <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20Tetrachloride" title="Carbon Tetrachloride">Carbon Tetrachloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flacourtia%20indica" title=" Flacourtia indica"> Flacourtia indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hepatoprotective%20activity" title=" Hepatoprotective activity"> Hepatoprotective activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oxidative%20stress" title=" Oxidative stress"> Oxidative stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1012/aqueous-extract-of-flacourtia-indica-prevents-carbon-tetrachloride-induced-hepatotoxicity-in-rat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1012/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1012/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1012/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1012/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1012/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1012/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1012/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1012/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1012/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1012/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1012.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity as a Function of the Genetic Diversity of Canna indica Complex</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Rattanapittayapron">A. Rattanapittayapron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20Vanijajiva"> O. Vanijajiva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p><em>Canna indica</em> is a prominent species complex in tropical and subtropical areas. They become indigenous in Southeast Asia where they have been introduced. At present,<em> C. indica</em> complex comprises over hundred hybrids, are cultivated as commercial horticulture. The species complex contains starchy rhizome having economic value in terms of food and herbal medicine. In addition, bright color of the flowers makes it a valuable ornamental plant and potential source for natural colorant. This study aims to assess genetic diversity of four varieties of <em>C. indica</em> complex based on SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) and iPBS (inter primer binding site) markers. We also examined phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant properties of the flower extracts from four different color varieties. Results showed that despite of the genetic variation, there were no significant differences in phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant properties of flowers. The SRAP and iPBS results agree with the more primitive traits showed by morphological information and phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics from the flowers. Since <em>Canna</em> flowers has long been used as natural colorants together with the antioxidant activities from the ethanol extracts in this study, there are likely to be good source for cosmetics additives.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Canna%20indica" title="Canna indica">Canna indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=genetic%20diversity" title=" genetic diversity"> genetic diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SRAP" title=" SRAP"> SRAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=iPBS." title=" iPBS."> iPBS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004730/evaluation-of-antioxidant-activity-as-a-function-of-the-genetic-diversity-of-canna-indica-complex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004730/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004730/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004730/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004730/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004730/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004730/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004730/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004730/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004730/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004730/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Ameliorative Effect of Calocybe indica, a Tropical Indian Edible Mushroom on Hyperglycemia Induced Oxidative Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shanmugasundaram%20Krishnakumari">Shanmugasundaram Krishnakumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paramasivam%20Rajeswari"> Paramasivam Rajeswari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Subramanian%20Kathiravan"> Subramanian Kathiravan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Mushrooms are a group of fleshy macroscopic fungi. They have been valued throughout the world as both edible and medicine. They are highly nutritious with good amount of quality proteins, vitamins and minerals. An edible mushroom, Calocybe indica was selected to validate its nutritional and medicinal properties. Since tissue damage in hyperglycemia has been related to oxidative stress, we evaluated the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status in the serum, liver and kidney since they are the target organs in diabetic complications. From the results, increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidants might be related to the causation of diabetes mellitus. The treatment in the diabetic rats with the Calocybe indica showed an increase in the antioxidant system and decrease in the production of free radicals. The mushrooms which contain antioxidant phytochemicals has potential free radical scavenging capacity and hence can induce the antioxidant system in the body significantly reduces the generated free radicals thereby maintaining the normal levels of the antioxidants</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Antioxidants" title="Antioxidants">Antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Calocybe%20indica" title=" Calocybe indica"> Calocybe indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diabetes%20mellitus" title=" diabetes mellitus"> diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=edible%20mushroom" title=" edible mushroom"> edible mushroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oxidative%20stress." title=" oxidative stress."> oxidative stress.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16333/ameliorative-effect-of-calocybe-indica-a-tropical-indian-edible-mushroom-on-hyperglycemia-induced-oxidative-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16333/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16333/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16333/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16333/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16333/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16333/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16333/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16333/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16333/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16333/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3053</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Beijerinckia indica Extracellular Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities against Clinical Pathogens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gopalu%20Karunakaran">Gopalu Karunakaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Matheswaran%20Jagathambal"> Matheswaran Jagathambal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nguyen%20Van%20Minh"> Nguyen Van Minh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Evgeny%20Kolesnikov"> Evgeny Kolesnikov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Denis%20Kuznetsov"> Denis Kuznetsov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This work investigated the use of <em>Beijerinckia indica</em> extracellular extract for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using AgNO<sub>3</sub>. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by different methods, such as UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, EDX, and TEM analysis. The formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was confirmed by the change in color from light yellow to dark brown. The absorbance peak obtained at 430 nm confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. The XRD analysis showed the cubic crystalline phase of the synthesized nanoparticles. FTIR revealed the presence of groups that acts as stabilizing and reducing agents for silver nanoparticles formation. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were generally found to be spherical in shape with size ranging from 5 to 20 nm, as evident by TEM analysis. These nanoparticles were found to inhibit pathogenic bacterial strains. This work proved that the bacterial extract is a potential eco-friendly candidate for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with promising antibacterial and antioxidant properties. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Antioxidant%20activity" title="Antioxidant activity">Antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Beijerinckia%20indica" title=" Beijerinckia indica"> Beijerinckia indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=characterisation" title=" characterisation"> characterisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=extracellular%20extracts" title=" extracellular extracts"> extracellular extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles." title=" silver nanoparticles."> silver nanoparticles.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006539/beijerinckia-indica-extracellular-extract-mediated-green-synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles-with-antioxidant-and-antibacterial-activities-against-clinical-pathogens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006539/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006539/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006539/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006539/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006539/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006539/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006539/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006539/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006539/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006539/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Pre and Post Mordant Effect of Alum on Gamma Rays Assisted Cotton Fabric by Using Ipomoea indica Leaves Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Hafeez">Abdul Hafeez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shahid%20Adeel"> Shahid Adeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ayesha%20Hussain"> Ayesha Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>There are number of plants species in the universe which give the protections from different diseases and give colour for the foods and textiles. The environmental condition of the universe suggested toward the ecofriendly textiles. The aim of the paper is to analyze the influence of pre & post mordanting of alum on radiated cotton fabric with Gamma Radiation of different doses by using <em>Ipomoea</em> <em>indica</em> leaves extract. Alum used as mordant with the concentration of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% as pre and post mordanting to observe the effect of light and colour fastness of radiated cotton. 6% of alum concentration in pre mordanting gave good colour strength 117.82 with darker in shade toward the greenish tone and in post mordanting 6% concentration gave good colour strength 102.19. The lab values show that the colour is darker in tone and gave bluish effect. Further results showed that alum gave good light and rubbing fastness on gamma radiated cotton fabric.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ipomoea%20indica" title="Ipomoea indica">Ipomoea indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gamma%20radiation" title=" gamma radiation"> gamma radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=alum" title=" alum"> alum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=light%20fastness." title=" light fastness."> light fastness.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010189/pre-and-post-mordant-effect-of-alum-on-gamma-rays-assisted-cotton-fabric-by-using-ipomoea-indica-leaves-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010189/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010189/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010189/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010189/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010189/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010189/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010189/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010189/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010189/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010189/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">855</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Effects of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Suppressing Hairy Rose Beetle, Tropinota squalida Scop. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Population in Cauliflower Field in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Abdel-Razek">A. S. Abdel-Razek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20M.%20M.%20Abd-Elgawad"> M. M. M. Abd-Elgawad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The potential of entomopathogenic nematodes in suppressing T. squalida population on cauliflower from transplanting to harvest was evaluated. Significant reductions in plant infestation percentage and population density (/m2) were recorded throughout the plantation seasons, 2011 and 2012 before and after spraying the plants. The percent reduction in numbers/m2 was the highest in March for the treatments with Heterorhabditis indica Behera and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Giza during the plantation season 2011, while at the plantation season 2012, the reduction in population density was the highest in January for Heterorhabditis Indica Behera and in February for H . bacteriophora Giza treatments. In a comparison test with conventional insecticides Hostathion and Lannate, there were no significant differences in control measures resulting from treatments with H. indica Behera, H. bacteriophora Giza and Lannate. At the plantation season is 2012. Also, the treatments reduced the economic threshold of T. squalida on cauliflower in this experiment as compared with before and after spraying with both the two entomopathogenic nematodes at both seasons 2011 and 2012. This means an increase in the marketability of heads harvested as a consequence of monthly treatments. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cruciferous%20plants" title="Cruciferous plants">Cruciferous plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20insecticides" title=" chemical insecticides"> chemical insecticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microbial%0D%0Acontrol" title=" microbial control"> microbial control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Scarabiead%20beetles" title=" Scarabiead beetles"> Scarabiead beetles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=seasonal%20monitoring." title=" seasonal monitoring."> seasonal monitoring.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16296/effects-of-entomopathogenic-nematodes-on-suppressing-hairy-rose-beetle-tropinota-squalida-scop-coleoptera-scarabaeidae-population-in-cauliflower-field-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16296/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16296/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16296/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16296/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16296/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16296/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16296/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16296/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16296/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16296/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1862</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Removal of Chlorinated Resin and Fatty Acids from Paper Mill wastewater through Constructed Wetland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ashutosh%20Kumar%20Choudhary">Ashutosh Kumar Choudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Satish%20Kumar"> Satish Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chhaya%20Sharma"> Chhaya Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study evaluates the performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF-CW) for the removal of chlorinated resin and fatty acids (RFAs) from pulp and paper mill wastewater. The dimensions of the treatment system were 3.5 m x 1.5 m x 0.28 m with surface area of 5.25 m2, filled with fine sand and gravel. The cell was planted with an ornamental plant species Canna indica. The removal efficiency of chlorinated RFAs was in the range of 92-96% at the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5.9 days. Plant biomass and soil (sand and gravel) were analyzed for chlorinated RFAs content. No chlorinated RFAs were detected in plant biomass but detected in soil samples. Mass balance studies of chlorinated RFAs in HSSF-CW were also carried out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Canna%20indica" title="Canna indica">Canna indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chlorinated%20resin%20%26%20fatty%20acids" title=" Chlorinated resin & fatty acids"> Chlorinated resin & fatty acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Constructed%20wetland" title="Constructed wetland">Constructed wetland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pulp%20and%20paper%20mill%20wastewater." title=" Pulp and paper mill wastewater."> Pulp and paper mill wastewater.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11543/removal-of-chlorinated-resin-and-fatty-acids-from-paper-mill-wastewater-through-constructed-wetland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11543/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11543/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11543/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11543/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11543/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11543/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11543/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11543/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11543/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11543/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Impact Assessment of Air Pollution Stress on Plant Species through Biochemical Estimations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Govindaraju.M">Govindaraju.M</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ganeshkumar.R.S"> Ganeshkumar.R.S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Suganthi.P"> Suganthi.P</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muthukumaran.V.R"> Muthukumaran.V.R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Visvanathan.P"> Visvanathan.P</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was conducted to investigate the response of plants exposed to lignite-based thermal power plant emission. For this purpose, five plant species were collected from 1.0 km distance (polluted site) and control plants were collected from 20.0 km distance (control site) to thermal power plant. The common tree species Cassia siamea Lamk., Polyalthia longifolia. Sonn, Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Wild., Azadirachta indica A.Juss, Ficus religiosa L. were selected as test plants. Photosynthetic pigments changes (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) and rubisco enzyme modifications were studied. Reduction was observed in the photosynthetic pigments of plants growing in polluted site and also large sub unit of the rubisco enzyme was degraded in Azadirachta indica A. Juss collected from polluted site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Air%20pollution" title="Air pollution">Air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lignite-based%20thermal%20power%20plant" title=" Lignite-based thermal power plant"> Lignite-based thermal power plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Photosynthetic%20pigments" title="Photosynthetic pigments">Photosynthetic pigments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rubisco%20enzyme." title=" Rubisco enzyme."> Rubisco enzyme.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9772/impact-assessment-of-air-pollution-stress-on-plant-species-through-biochemical-estimations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9772/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9772/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9772/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9772/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9772/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9772/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9772/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9772/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9772/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9772/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> The Effect of Soil in the Allelopathic Potential of Artemisia herba-alba and Oudneya africana Crude Powder on Growth of Weeds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salhi%20Nesrine">Salhi Nesrine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salama%20M.%20El-Darier"> Salama M. El-Darier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Halilat%20M.%20El-Taher"> Halilat M. El-Taher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The present study aimed to investigate the effect of two type of soil (clay and sandy soils) in the potential allelopathic effects of <em>Artemisia herba-alba, Oudneya africana</em> crude powder (0, 1, 3 and 6%) on some growth parameters of two weeds (<em>Bromus tectorum </em>and <em>Melilotus indica</em>) under laboratory conditions (pot experiment).</p> <p> The experimental findings have reported that the donor species crude powder concentrations were suppressing to shoot length (SL), root length (RL) and the leaf number (LN)) in both soil types and caused a gradual reduction particularly when they are high. However, the reduction degree was varied and species, concentration dependent. The suppressive effect of the two donors on the two weedy species was in the following order<em> Melilotus indica > Bromus tectorum.</em> Generally, the growth parameters of two recipient species were significantly decreased with the increase of each of the donor species crude powder concentration levels. Concerning the type of soil stoical analyses indicated that significant difference between clay and sandy soils.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Allelopathy%20Soil" title="Allelopathy Soil">Allelopathy Soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Artemisia%20herba-alba" title=" Artemisia herba-alba"> Artemisia herba-alba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oudneya%20africana" title=" Oudneya africana"> Oudneya africana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=weeds." title=" weeds."> weeds.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997837/the-effect-of-soil-in-the-allelopathic-potential-of-artemisia-herba-alba-and-oudneya-africana-crude-powder-on-growth-of-weeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997837/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997837/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997837/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997837/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997837/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997837/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997837/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997837/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997837/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997837/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997837.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2094</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> An Efficient Protocol for Cyclic Somatic Embryogenesis in Neem (Azadirachta indica A Juss.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mithilesh%20Singh">Mithilesh Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rakhi%20Chaturvedi"> Rakhi Chaturvedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Neem is a highly heterozygous and commercially important perennial plant. Conventionally, it is propagated by seeds which loose viability within two weeks. Strictly cross pollinating nature of the plant causes serious barrier to the genetic improvement by conventional methods. Alternative methods of tree improvement such as somatic hybridization, mutagenesis and genetic transformation require an efficient in vitro plant regeneration system. In this regard, somatic embryogenesis particularly secondary somatic embryogenesis may offer an effective system for large scale plant propagation without affecting the clonal fidelity of the regenerants. It can be used for synthetic seed production, which further bolsters conservation of this tree species which is otherwise very difficult The present report describes the culture conditions necessary to induce and maintain repetitive somatic embryogenesis, for the first time, in neem. Out of various treatments tested, the somatic embryos were induced directly from immature zygotic embryos of neem on MS + TDZ (0.1 μM) + ABA (4 μM), in more than 76 % cultures. Direct secondary somatic embryogenesis occurred from primary somatic embryos on MS + IAA (5 μM) + GA3 (5 μM) in 12.5 % cultures. Embryogenic competence of the explant as well as of the primary embryos was maintained for a long period by repeated subcultures at frequent intervals. A maximum of 10 % of these somatic embryos were converted into plantlets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Azadirachta%20indica%20A.%20Juss." title="Azadirachta indica A. Juss.">Azadirachta indica A. Juss.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cytokinin" title=" Cytokinin"> Cytokinin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Somatic%0Aembryogenesis" title=" Somatic embryogenesis"> Somatic embryogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zygotic%20embryo%20culture." title=" zygotic embryo culture."> zygotic embryo culture.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12584/an-efficient-protocol-for-cyclic-somatic-embryogenesis-in-neem-azadirachta-indica-a-juss" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12584/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12584/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12584/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12584/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12584/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12584/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12584/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12584/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12584/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12584/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Efficiency of Wood Vinegar Mixed with Some Plants Extract against the Housefly (Musca domestica L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=U.%20Pangnakorn">U. Pangnakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Kanlaya"> S. Kanlaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The efficiency of wood vinegar mixed with each individual of three plants extract such as: citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus), neem seed (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), and yam bean seed (Pachyrhizus erosus Urb.) were tested against the second instar larvae of housefly (Musca domestica L.). Steam distillation was used for extraction of the citronella grass while neem and yam bean were simple extracted by fermentation with ethyl alcohol. Toxicity test was evaluated in laboratory based on two methods of larvicidal bioassay: topical application method (contact poison) and feeding method (stomach poison). Larval mortality was observed daily and larval survivability was recorded until the survived larvae developed to pupae and adults. The study resulted that treatment of wood vinegar mixed with citronella grass showed the highest larval mortality by topical application method (50.0%) and by feeding method (80.0%). However, treatment of mixed wood vinegar and neem seed showed the longest pupal duration to 25 day and 32 days for topical application method and feeding method respectively. Additional, larval duration on treated M. domestica larvae was extended to 13 days for topical application method and 11 days for feeding method. Thus, the feeding method gave higher efficiency compared with the topical application method.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Housefly%20%28Musca%20domestica%20L.%29" title="Housefly (Musca domestica L.)">Housefly (Musca domestica L.)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=neem%20seed%0D%0A%28Azadirachta%20indica%29" title=" neem seed (Azadirachta indica)"> neem seed (Azadirachta indica)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=citronella%20grass%20%28Cymbopogon%20nardus%29%20yam%0D%0Abean%20seed%20%28Pachyrhizus%20erosus%29" title=" citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) yam bean seed (Pachyrhizus erosus)"> citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) yam bean seed (Pachyrhizus erosus)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mortality." title=" mortality."> mortality.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000003/efficiency-of-wood-vinegar-mixed-with-some-plants-extract-against-the-housefly-musca-domestica-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000003/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000003/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000003/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000003/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000003/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000003/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000003/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000003/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000003/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000003/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3552</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Lyophilization Using Vacuum-Induced Freezing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Natalia%20A.%20Salazar">Natalia A. Salazar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Erika%20K.%20M%C3%A9ndez"> Erika K. Méndez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Catalina%20%C3%81lvarez"> Catalina Álvarez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carlos%20E.%20Orrego"> Carlos E. Orrego</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lyophilization, also called freeze-drying, is an important dehydration technique mainly used for pharmaceuticals. Food industry also uses lyophilization when it is important to retain most of the nutritional quality, taste, shape and size of dried products and to extend their shelf life. Vacuum-Induced during freezing cycle (VI) has been used in order to control ice nucleation and, consequently, to reduce the time of primary drying cycle of pharmaceuticals preserving quality properties of the final product. This procedure has not been applied in freeze drying of foods. The present work aims to investigate the effect of VI on the lyophilization drying time, final moisture content, density and reconstitutional properties of mango (Mangifera indica L.) slices (MS) and mango pulp-maltodextrin dispersions (MPM) (30% concentration of total solids). Control samples were run at each freezing rate without using induced vacuum. The lyophilization endpoint was the same for all treatments (constant difference between capacitance and Pirani vacuum gauges). From the experimental results it can be concluded that at the high freezing rate (0.4°C/min) reduced the overall process time up to 30% comparing process time required for the control and VI of the lower freeze rate (0.1°C/min) without affecting the quality characteristics of the dried product, which yields a reduction in costs and energy consumption for MS and MPM freeze drying. Controls and samples treated with VI at freezing rate of 0.4°C/min in MS showed similar results in moisture and density parameters. Furthermore, results from MPM dispersion showed favorable values when VI was applied because dried product with low moisture content and low density was obtained at shorter process time compared with the control. There were not found significant differences between reconstitutional properties (rehydration for MS and solubility for MPM) of freeze dried mango resulting from controls, and VI treatments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Drying%20time" title="Drying time">Drying time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lyophilization" title=" lyophilization"> lyophilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mango" title=" mango"> mango</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20induced%0D%0Afreezing." title=" vacuum induced freezing."> vacuum induced freezing.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002640/mango-mangifera-indica-l-lyophilization-using-vacuum-induced-freezing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002640/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002640/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002640/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002640/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002640/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002640/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002640/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002640/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002640/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002640/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Effects of Lateness Gene on Yield and Related Traits in Indica Rice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20B.%20Rana">B. B. Rana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Yokota"> M. Yokota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Shimizu"> Y. Shimizu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Koide"> Y. Koide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Takamure"> I. Takamure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Kawano"> T. Kawano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Murai"> M. Murai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Various genes which control or affect heading time have been found in rice. Out of them, <em>Se1</em> and <em>E1 </em>loci play important roles in determining heading time by controlling photosensitivity. An isogenic-line pair of late and early lines were developed from progenies of the F<sub>1 </sub>from Suweon 258 × 36U. A lateness gene tentatively designated as “<em>Ex</em>” was found to control the difference in heading time between the early and late lines mentioned above. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of <em>Ex</em> on yield and related traits. <em>Indica</em>-type variety Suweon 258 was crossed with 36U, which is an <em>Ur1</em> (Undulate rachis-1) isogenic line of IR36. In the F<sub>2</sub> population, comparatively early-heading, late-heading and intermediate-heading plants were segregated. Segregation similar to that by the three types of heading was observed in the F<sub>3</sub> and later generations. A late-heading plant and an early-heading plant were selected in the F<sub>8</sub> population from an intermediate-heading F<sub>7</sub> plant, for developing L and E of the isogenic-line pair, respectively. Experiments for L and E were conducted by randomized block design with three replications. Transplanting was conducted on May 3 at a planting distance of 30 cm × 15 cm with two seedlings per hill to an experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University. Chemical fertilizers containing N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5 </sub>and K<sub>2</sub>O were applied at the nitrogen levels of 4 g/m<sup>2</sup>, 9 g/m<sup>2</sup> and 18 g/m<sup>2</sup> in total being denoted by "N4", "N9" and "N18", respectively. Yield, yield components and other traits were measured. <em>Ex</em> delayed 80%-heading by 17 or 18 days in L as compared with E. In total brown rice yield (g/m<sup>2</sup>), L was 635, 606 and 590, and E was 577, 548 and 501, respectively, at N18, N9 and N4, indicating that <em>Ex</em> increased this trait by 10% to 18%. <em>Ex</em> increased yield-1.5 mm sieve (g/m<sup>2</sup>) b 9% to 15% at the three fertilizer levels. <em>Ex</em> increased the spikelet number per panicle by 16% to 22%. As a result, the spikelet number per m<sup>2 </sup>was increased by 11% to 18% at the three fertilizer levels. <em>Ex</em> decreased 1000-grain weight (g) by 2 to 4%. L was not significantly different from E in ripened-grain percentage, fertilized-spikelet percentage and percentage of ripened grains to fertilized spikelets. Hence, it is inferred that <em>Ex</em> increased yield by increasing spikelet number per panicle. Hence, <em>Ex </em>could be utilized to develop high yielding varieties for warmer districts.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heading%20time" title="Heading time">Heading time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lateness%20gene" title=" lateness gene"> lateness gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=photosensitivity" title=" photosensitivity"> photosensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=yield%20components." title=" yield components."> yield components.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008213/effects-of-lateness-gene-on-yield-and-related-traits-in-indica-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008213/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008213/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008213/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008213/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008213/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008213/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008213/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008213/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008213/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008213/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">964</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Antioxidant Components of Fumaria Species(Papaveraceae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Habibi%20Tirtash">F. Habibi Tirtash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Keshavarzi"> M. Keshavarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Fazeli"> F. Fazeli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The genus Fumaria L. (Papaveraceae) in Iran comprises 8 species with a vast medicinal use in Asian folk medicine. These herbs are considered to be useful in the treatment of gastrointestinal disease and skin disorders. Antioxidant activities of alkaloids and phenolic extracts of these species had been studied previously. These species are: F. officinalis, F. parviflora, F. asepala, F. densiflora, F. schleicheri, F. vaillantii and F. indica. More than 50 populations of Fumaria species were sampled from nature. In this study different fatty acids are extracted. Their picks were recorded by GC technique. This species contain some kind of fatty acids with antioxidant effects. A part of these lipids are phospholipids. As these are unsaturated fatty acids they may have industrial use as natural additive to cosmetics, dermal and oral medicines. The presences of different materials are discussed. Our studies for antioxidant effects of these substances are continued. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fumaria" title="Fumaria">Fumaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Papaveraceae" title=" Papaveraceae"> Papaveraceae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatty%20acid" title=" fatty acid"> fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14963/antioxidant-components-of-fumaria-speciespapaveraceae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14963/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14963/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14963/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14963/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14963/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14963/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14963/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14963/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14963/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14963/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Inhibiting Gene for a Late-Heading Gene Responsible for Photoperiod Sensitivity in Rice (Oryza sativa)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amol%20Dahal">Amol Dahal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shunsuke%20Hori"> Shunsuke Hori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Haruki%20Nakazawa"> Haruki Nakazawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kazumitsu%20Onishi"> Kazumitsu Onishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Toshio%20Kawano"> Toshio Kawano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Masayuki%20Murai"> Masayuki Murai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Two indica varieties, IR36 and ‘Suweon 258’ (“S”) are middle-heading in southern Japan. 36U, also middle-heading, is an isogenic line of IR36 carrying Ur1 (Undulate rachis-1) gene. However, late-heading plants segregated in the F2 population from the F1 of S × 36U, and so did in the following generations. The concerning lateness gene is designated as Ex. From the F8 generation, isogenic-line pair of early-heading and late-heading lines, denoted by “E” (ex/ex) and “L” (Ex/Ex), were developed. Genetic analyses of heading time were conducted, using F1s and F2s among L, E, S and 36U. The following inferences were drawn from the experimental results: 1) L, and both of E and 36U harbor Ex and ex, respectively; 2) Besides Ex, S harbors an inhibitor gene to it, i.e. I-Ex which is a novel finding of the present study. 3) Ex is a dominant allele at the E1 locus.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Basic%20vegetative%20phase" title="Basic vegetative phase">Basic vegetative phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heading%20time" title=" heading time"> heading time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lateness%20gene" title=" lateness gene"> lateness gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=photoperiod-sensitive%20phase." title=" photoperiod-sensitive phase."> photoperiod-sensitive phase.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16491/inhibiting-gene-for-a-late-heading-gene-responsible-for-photoperiod-sensitivity-in-rice-oryza-sativa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16491/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16491/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16491/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16491/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16491/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16491/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16491/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16491/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16491/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16491/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16491.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Influence of Degradative Enzymatic Activities on the Shelf Life of Ready-to-Eat Prickly Pear Fruits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Scalone">D. Scalone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Palmeri"> R. Palmeri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Licciardello"> F. Licciardello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Muratore"> G. Muratore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Todaro"> A. Todaro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Spagna"> G. Spagna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Prickly pear fruit (Opuntia ficus indica L. Miller) belongs to the Cactaceae family. This species is very sensitive to low storage temperatures (< 5°C) which cause damages. The fruits can be peeled, suitably packaged and successfully commercialized as a ready-to-eat product. The main limit to the extension of the shelf life is the production of off-flavors due to different factors, the growth of microorganisms and the action of endogenous enzymes. Lipoxygenase (LOX) and Pectinesterase (PE) are involved in fruit degradation. In particular, LOX pathway is directly responsible for lipid oxidation, and the subsequent production of off-flavours, while PE causes the softening of fruit during maturation. They act on the texture and shelf-life of post-harvest, packaged fruits, as a function of the the grown of microorganisms and packaging technologies used. The aim of this work is to compare the effect of different packaging technologies on the shelf life extension of ready-to-eat prickly pear fruits with regards for the enzymes activities.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Enzymes" title="Enzymes">Enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=packaging" title=" packaging"> packaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=prickly%20pear" title=" prickly pear"> prickly pear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shelf%20life." title=" shelf life."> shelf life.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1888/influence-of-degradative-enzymatic-activities-on-the-shelf-life-of-ready-to-eat-prickly-pear-fruits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1888/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1888/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1888/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1888/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1888/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1888/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1888/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1888/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1888/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1888/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1662</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Effects of Discharge Fan on the Drying Efficiency in Flat-bed type Dryer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jafar%20Hashemi">Jafar Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reza%20Tabatabaekoloor"> Reza Tabatabaekoloor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Toshinori%20Kimura"> Toshinori Kimura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of interaction among the grain, moisture, and the surrounding space (air) is key to understanding the graindrying process. In Iran, rice (mostly Indica type) is dried by flat bed type dryer until the final MC reaches to 6 to 8%. The experiments were conducted to examine the effect of application of discharge fan with different heights of paddy on the drying efficiency. Experiments were designed based on two different configurations of the drying methods; with and without discharge fan with three different heights of paddy including; 5, 10, and 15 cm. The humid heated air will be going out immediately by the suction of discharge fan. The drying time is established upon the average final MC to achieve about 8%. To save energy and reduce the drying time, the distribution of temperature between layers should be fast and uniform with minimum difference; otherwise the difference of MC gradient between layers will be high and will induce grain breakage. The difference of final MC between layers in the two methods was 48-73%. The steady state of temperature between the two methods has saved time in the range of 10-20%, and the efficiency of temperature distribution increased 17-26% by the use of discharge fan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FBT%20Dryer" title="FBT Dryer">FBT Dryer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Final%20MC" title=" Final MC"> Final MC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Discharge%20Fan." title=" Discharge Fan."> Discharge Fan.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2471/effects-of-discharge-fan-on-the-drying-efficiency-in-flat-bed-type-dryer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2471/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2471/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2471/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2471/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2471/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2471/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2471/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2471/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2471/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2471/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1763</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Evaluation of Hazardous Status of Avenue Trees in University of Port Harcourt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20S.%20Eguakun">F. S. Eguakun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20C.%20Nkwor"> T. C. Nkwor </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Trees in the university environment are uniquely position; however, they can also present a millstone to the infrastructure and humans they coexist with. The numerous benefits of trees can be negated due to poor tree health and anthropogenic activities and as such can become hazardous. The study aims at evaluating the hazardous status of avenue trees in University of Port Harcourt. Data were collected from all the avenue trees within the selected major roads in the University. Tree growth variables were measured and health condition of the avenue trees were assessed as an indicator of some structural defects. The hazard status of the avenue trees was determined. Several tree species were used as avenue trees in the University however, <em>Azadirachta indica</em> (81%) was found to be most abundant. The result shows that only 0.3% avenue tree species was found to pose severe harzard in Abuja part of the University. Most avenue trees (55.2%) were rated as medium hazard status. Due to the danger and risk associated with hazardous trees, the study recommends that good and effective management strategies be implemented so as to prevent future damages from trees with small or medium hazard status.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Avenue%20tree" title="Avenue tree">Avenue tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hazard%20status" title=" hazard status"> hazard status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=inventory" title=" inventory"> inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=urban." title=" urban. "> urban. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010560/evaluation-of-hazardous-status-of-avenue-trees-in-university-of-port-harcourt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010560/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010560/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010560/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010560/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010560/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010560/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010560/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010560/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010560/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010560/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">716</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Trees for Air Pollution Tolerance to Develop Green Belts as an Ecological Mitigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rahma%20Al%20Maawali">Rahma Al Maawali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hameed%20Sulaiman"> Hameed Sulaiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air pollution both from point and non-point sources is difficult to control once released in to the atmosphere. There is no engineering method known available to ameliorate the dispersed pollutants. The only suitable approach is the ecological method of constructing green belts in and around the pollution sources. Air pollution in Muscat, Oman is a serious concern due to ever increasing vehicles on roads. Identifying the air pollution tolerance levels of species is important for implementing pollution control strategies in the urban areas of Muscat. Hence, in the present study, Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) for ten avenue tree species was evaluated by analyzing four bio-chemical parameters, plus their Anticipated Performance Index (API) in field conditions. Based on the two indices, <em>Ficus benghalensis</em> was the most suitable one with the highest performance score. <em>Conocarpus erectuse, Phoenix dactylifera</em>, and <em>Pithcellobium dulce </em>were found to be good performers and are recommended for extensive planting. <em>Azadirachta indica</em> which is preferred for its dense canopy is qualified in the moderate category. The rest of the tree species expressed lower API score of less than 51, hence cannot be considered as suitable species for pollution mitigation plantation projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Air%20pollution%20tolerance%20index" title="Air pollution tolerance index">Air pollution tolerance index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=avenue%20tree%20species" title=" avenue tree species"> avenue tree species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bio-chemical%20parameters" title=" bio-chemical parameters"> bio-chemical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muscat." title=" Muscat."> Muscat.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006238/trees-for-air-pollution-tolerance-to-develop-green-belts-as-an-ecological-mitigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006238/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006238/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006238/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006238/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006238/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006238/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006238/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006238/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006238/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006238/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Amino Acid Coated Silver Nanoparticles: A Green Catalyst for Methylene Blue Reduction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abhishek%20Chandra">Abhishek Chandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Man%20Singh"> Man Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Highly stable and homogeneously dispersed amino acid coated silver nanoparticles (ANP) of ≈ 10 nm diameter, ranging from 420 to 430 nm are prepared on AgNO3 solution addition to gum of Azadirachta indica solution at 373.15 K. The amino acids were selected based on their polarity. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR spectroscopy, HR-TEM, XRD, SEM and 1H-NMR. The coated nanoparticles were used as catalyst for the reduction of methylene blue dye in presence of Sn(II) in aqueous, anionic and cationic micellar media. The rate of reduction of dye was determined by measuring the absorbance at 660 nm, spectrophotometrically and followed the order: Kcationic > Kanionic > Kwater. After 12 min and in absence of the ANP, only 2%, 3% and 6% of the dye reduction was completed in aqueous, anionic and cationic micellar media respectively while, in presence of ANP coated by polar neutral amino acid with non-polar -R group, the reduction completed to 84%, 95% and 98% respectively. The ANP coated with polar neutral amino acid having non-polar -R group, increased the rate of reduction of the dye by 94, 3205 and 6370 folds in aqueous, anionic and cationic micellar media respectively. Also, the rate of reduction of the dye increased by three folds when the micellar media was changed from anionic to cationic when the ANP is coated by a polar neutral amino acid having a non-polar -R group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Silver%20nanoparticle" title="Silver nanoparticle">Silver nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=methylene%20blue" title=" methylene blue"> methylene blue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=amino%20acid." title=" amino acid."> amino acid.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003175/amino-acid-coated-silver-nanoparticles-a-green-catalyst-for-methylene-blue-reduction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003175/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003175/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003175/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003175/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003175/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003175/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003175/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003175/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003175/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003175/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Power Ultrasound Application on Convective Drying of Banana (Musa paradisiaca), Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and Guava (Psidium guajava L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Erika%20K.%20M%C3%A9ndez">Erika K. Méndez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carlos%20E.%20Orrego"> Carlos E. Orrego</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diana%20L.%20Manrique"> Diana L. Manrique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Juan%20D.%20Gonzalez"> Juan D. Gonzalez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dom%C3%A9nica%20Vallejo"> Doménica Vallejo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High moisture content in fruits generates post-harvest problems such as mechanical, biochemical, microbial and physical losses. Dehydration, which is based on the reduction of water activity of the fruit, is a common option for overcoming such losses. However, regular hot air drying could affect negatively the quality properties of the fruit due to the long residence time at high temperature. Power ultrasound (US) application during the convective drying has been used as a novel method able to enhance drying rate and, consequently, to decrease drying time. In the present study, a new approach was tested to evaluate the effect of US on the drying time, the final antioxidant activity (AA) and the total polyphenol content (TPC) of banana slices (BS), mango slices (MS) and guava slices (GS). There were also studied the drying kinetics with nine different models from which water effective diffusivities (Deff) (with or without shrinkage corrections) were calculated. Compared with the corresponding control tests, US assisted drying for fruit slices showed reductions in drying time between 16.23 and 30.19%, 11.34 and 32.73%, and 19.25 and 47.51% for the MS, BS and GS respectively. Considering shrinkage effects, Deff calculated values ranged from 1.67*10-10 to 3.18*10-10 m2/s, 3.96*10-10 and 5.57*10-10 m2/s and 4.61*10-10 to 8.16*10-10 m2/s for the BS, MS and GS samples respectively. Reductions of TPC and AA (as DPPH) were observed compared with the original content in fresh fruit data in all kinds of drying assays. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Banana" title="Banana">Banana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=effective%20diffusivity" title=" effective diffusivity"> effective diffusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=guava" title=" guava"> guava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mango" title=" mango"> mango</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultrasound." title=" ultrasound."> ultrasound.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002639/power-ultrasound-application-on-convective-drying-of-banana-musa-paradisiaca-mango-mangifera-indica-l-and-guava-psidium-guajava-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002639/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002639/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002639/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002639/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002639/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002639/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002639/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002639/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002639/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002639/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Effects of Multilayer Coating of Chitosan and Polystyrene Sulfonate on Quality of ‘Nam Dok Mai No.4’ Mango </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Hadthamard">N. Hadthamard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Chaumpluk"> P. Chaumpluk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Buanong"> M. Buanong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Boonyaritthongchai"> P. Boonyaritthongchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Wongs-Aree"> C. Wongs-Aree</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ripe ‘Nam Dok Mai’ mango (<em>Mangifera indica</em> L.) is an important exported fruit of Thailand, but rapidly declined in the quality attributes mainly by infection of anthracnose and stem end rot diseases. Multilayer coating is considered as a developed technique to maintain the postharvest quality of mangoes. The utilization of alternated coating by matching oppositely electrostatic charges between 0.1% chitosan and 0.1% polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) was studied. A number of the coating layers (layer by layer) were applied on mature green ‘Nam Dok Mai No.4’ mangoes prior to storage at 25 <sup>o</sup>C, 65-70% relative humidity (RH). There were significant differences in some quality attributes of mangoes coated by 3½ layers, 4½ layers and 5½ layers. In comparison to coated mangoes, uncoated fruits were higher in weight loss, total soluble solids, respiration rate, ethylene production and disease incidence except the titratable acidity. Coating fruit at 3½ layers exhibited the ripening delay and reducing disease infection without off flavour. On the other hand, fruit coated with 5½ layers comprised the lowest acceptable score, caused by exhibiting disorders from fermentation at the end of storage. As a result, multilayer coating between chitosan and PSS could effectively maintain the postharvest quality of mango, but number of coating layers should be thoroughly considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multilayer" title="Multilayer">Multilayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=polystyrene%20sulfonate" title=" polystyrene sulfonate"> polystyrene sulfonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nam%20Dok%20Mai%20No.4." title=" Nam Dok Mai No.4."> Nam Dok Mai No.4.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010116/effects-of-multilayer-coating-of-chitosan-and-polystyrene-sulfonate-on-quality-of-nam-dok-mai-no4-mango" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010116/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010116/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010116/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010116/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010116/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010116/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010116/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010116/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010116/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010116/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">843</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Sweetpotato Organic Cultivation with Wood Vinegar, Entomopathogenic Nematode and Fermented Organic Substance from Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=U.%20Pangnakorn">U. Pangnakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Tayamanont"> P. Tayamanont</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Kurubunjerdjit"> R. Kurubunjerdjit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The effect of wood vinegar, entomopathogenic nematodes ((Steinernema thailandensis n. sp.) and fermented organic substances from four plants such as: Derris elliptica Roxb, Stemona tuberosa Lour, Tinospora crispa Mier and Azadirachta indica J. were tested on the five varieties of sweetpotato with potential for bioethanol production ie. Taiwan, China, PROC No.65-16, Phichit 166-5, and Phichit 129-6. The experimental plots were located at Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of the five treatments for growth, yield and insect infestation on the five varieties of sweetpotato. Treatment with entomopathogenic nematodes gave the highest average weight of sweetpotato tubers (1.3 kg/tuber), followed by wood vinegar, fermented organic substances and mixed treatment with yields of 0.88, 0.46 and 0.43 kg/tuber, respectively. Also the entomopathogenic nematode treatment gave significantly higher average width and length of sweet potato (9.82 cm and 9.45 cm, respectively). Additionally, the entomopathogenic nematode provided the best control of insect infestation on sweetpotato leaves and tubers. Comparison among the varieties of sweetpotato, PROC NO.65-16 showed the highest weight and length. However, Phichit 129-6 gave significantly higher weight of 0.94 kg/tuber. Lastly, the lowest sweet potato weevil infestation on leaves and tubers occurred on Taiwan and Phichit 129-6.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sweetpotato%20%28Ipomoea%20batatas%29" title="Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas)">Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sweetpotato%20weevil%0D%0A%28Cylas%20formicarius%20Fabr%29" title=" sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius Fabr)"> sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius Fabr)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wood%20vinegar" title=" wood vinegar"> wood vinegar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Entomopathogenic%0D%0Anematode%20%28Steinernema%20thailandensis%20n.%20sp.%29" title=" Entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema thailandensis n. sp.)"> Entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema thailandensis n. sp.)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fermented%20organic%0D%0Asubstances." title=" fermented organic substances."> fermented organic substances.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16616/sweetpotato-organic-cultivation-with-wood-vinegar-entomopathogenic-nematode-and-fermented-organic-substance-from-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16616/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16616/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16616/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16616/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16616/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16616/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16616/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16616/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16616/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16616/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Acute and Chronic Effect of Biopesticide on Infestation of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on the Culantro Cultivation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=U.%20Pangnakorn">U. Pangnakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Chuenchooklin"> S. Chuenchooklin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute and chronic effects of biopesticide from entomopathogenic nematode (<em>Steinernema thailandensis</em> n. sp.), bacteria ISR (<em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em>), wood vinegar and fermented organic substances from plants: (neem <em>Azadirachta indica</em> + citronella grass <em>Cymbopogon nardus </em>Rendle + bitter bush <em>Chromolaena odorata </em>L<em>.</em>) were tested on culantro (<em>Eryngium foetidum</em> L.). The biopesticide was investigated for infestation reduction of the major insect pest whitefly (<em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius)). The experimental plots were located at a farm in Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand. This study was undertaken during the drought season (late November to May). Effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated in terms of acute and chronic effect. The populations of whitefly were observed and recorded every hour up to 3 hours with insect nets and yellow sticky traps after the treatments were applied for the acute effect. The results showed that bacteria ISR had the highest effectiveness for controlling whitefly infestation on culantro; the whitefly numbers on insect nets were 12.5, 10.0 and 7.5 after 1 hr, 2 hr, and 3 hr, respectively while the whitefly on yellow sticky traps showed 15.0, 10.0 and 10.0 after 1 hr, 2 hr, and 3 hr, respectively. For chronic effect, the whitefly was continuously collected and recorded at weekly intervals; the result showed that treatment of bacteria ISR found the average whitefly numbers only 8.06 and 11.0 on insect nets and sticky traps respectively, followed by treatment of nematode where the average whitefly was 9.87 and 11.43 on the insect nets and sticky traps, respectively. In addition, the minor insect pests were also observed and collected. The biopesticide influenced the reduction number of minor insect pests (red spider mites, beet armyworm, short-horned grasshopper, pygmy locusts, etc.) with only a few found on the culantro cultivation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Whitefly%20%28Bemisia%20tabaci%20Gennadius%29" title="Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)">Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Culantro%20%28Eryngium%20foetidum%20L.%29" title=" Culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.)"> Culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Entomopathogenic%20nematode%20%28Steinernema%20thailandensis%20n.%20sp.%29" title=" Entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema thailandensis n. sp.)"> Entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema thailandensis n. sp.)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacteria%20ISR%20%28Pseudomonas%20fluorescens%29" title=" Bacteria ISR (Pseudomonas fluorescens)"> Bacteria ISR (Pseudomonas fluorescens)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wood%20vinegar" title=" wood vinegar"> wood vinegar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fermented%20organic%20substances." title=" fermented organic substances."> fermented organic substances.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004808/acute-and-chronic-effect-of-biopesticide-on-infestation-of-whitefly-bemisia-tabaci-gennadius-on-the-culantro-cultivation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004808/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004808/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004808/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004808/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004808/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004808/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004808/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004808/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004808/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004808/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Non-Timber Forest Products and Livelihood Linkages: A Case of Lamabagar, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sandhya%20Rijal">Sandhya Rijal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saroj%20Adhikari"> Saroj Adhikari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ramesh%20R.%20Pant"> Ramesh R. Pant</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) have attracted substantial interest in the recent years with the increasing recognition that these can provide essential community needs for improved and diversified rural livelihood and support the objectives of biodiversity conservation. Nevertheless, various challenges are witnessed in their sustainable harvest and management. Assuming that sustainable management with community stewardship can offer one of the solutions to existing challenges, the study assesses the linkages between NTFPs and rural livelihood in Lamabagar village of Dolakha, Nepal. The major objective was to document the status of NTFPs and their contributions in households of Lamabagar. For status documentation, vegetation sampling was done using systematic random sampling technique. 30 plots of 10 m × 10 m were laid down in six parallel transect lines at horizontal distance of 160 m in two different community forests. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted in 76 households (excluding non-response rate) using stratified random sampling technique for contribution analysis. Likewise, key informant interview and focus group discussions were also conducted for data triangulations. 36 different NTFPs were recorded from the vegetation sample in two community forests of which 50% were used for medicinal purposes. The other uses include fodder, religious value, and edible fruits and vegetables. Species like <em>Juniperus indica, Daphne bholua Aconitum spicatum, </em>and<em> Lyonia ovalifolia</em> were frequently used for trade as a source of income, which was sold in local market. The protected species like <em>Taxus wallichiana</em> and <em>Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora</em> were also recorded in the area for which the trade is prohibited. The protection of these species urgently needs community stewardship. More than half of the surveyed households (55%) were depending on NTFPs for their daily uses, other than economic purpose whereas 45% of them sold those products in the market directly or in the form of local handmade products as a source of livelihood. NTFPs were the major source of primary health curing agents especially for the poor and unemployed people in the study area. Hence, the NTFPs contributed to livelihood under three different categories: subsistence, supplement income and emergency support, depending upon the economic status of the households. Although the status of forest improved after handover to the user group, the availability of valuable medicinal herbs like <em>Rhododendron anthopogon, Swertia nervosa, Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora</em>, and <em>Aconitum spicatum</em> were declining. Inadequacy of technology, lack of easy transport access, and absence of good market facility were the major limitations for external trade of NTFPs in the study site. It was observed that people were interested towards conservation only if they could get some returns: economic in terms of rural settlements. Thus, the study concludes that NTFPs could contribute rural livelihood and support conservation objectives only if local communities are provided with the easy access of technology, market and capital.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Contribution" title="Contribution">Contribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=medicinal" title=" medicinal"> medicinal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=subsistence" title=" subsistence"> subsistence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sustainable%20harvest." title=" sustainable harvest."> sustainable harvest.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010184/non-timber-forest-products-and-livelihood-linkages-a-case-of-lamabagar-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010184/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010184/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010184/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010184/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010184/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010184/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010184/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010184/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010184/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010184/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">961</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>