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content: '\E30B'; } .gelicon--whatsapp::before { content: '\E600'; } .body-text-card-inline-video { margin: 24px 0; position: relative; } .inline-image__description { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(106, 106, 106, 0.43); font-style: italic; padding: 20px 10px 12px; } .inline-image__description--desktop { padding: 20px 18px 18px; } .inline-image img { border-radius: 0; } .inline-video { height: 100%; } .inline-video__container { position: relative; } .inline-video .play-button__inline-video { bottom: 0; left: 0; position: absolute; z-index: 1000; } .inline-video__smp { background-color: #000; padding-bottom: 56.25%; } .inline-video__smp--loaded { background-color: unset; padding-bottom: unset; } .inline-video__description { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(106, 106, 106, 0.43); color: #737373; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; line-height: 24px; padding: 22px 10; } .inline-video__description--desktop { padding: 28px 16px; } .inline-audio-player { height: 100%; } .inline-audio-player__container { display: inline-block; width: 100%; } .inline-audio-player__container > div { height: 50px; position: relative; } .inline-audio-player__container > div > div { padding: 0 !important; } .inline-audio-player__cta-holder { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .inline-audio-player__cta-container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .inline-audio-player__text { background: none; border: 0; color: #4a4a4a; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; height: 25px; letter-spacing: -0.1px; line-height: 25px; margin-left: 12px; outline: inherit; padding: 0; } .inline-audio-player__beta { background-color: #e6711b; color: #fff; height: 25px; left: -110px; line-height: 12px; margin-left: 0; padding: 0 7px; position: relative; top: 25px; width: 66px; } .inline-audio-player__beta:hover .inline-audio-player__arrow { -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); } .inline-audio-player__beta-copy { color: #444; display: block; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 16px; } .inline-audio-player__arrow { border: solid #fff; border-width: 0 2px 2px 0; display: inline-block; padding: 3px; position: relative; top: -1px; -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .inline-audio-player__played { background-color: #ededed; } .inline-audio-player__hidden { display: none; } .inline-quote { border-left: 3px solid #575757; color: #575757; letter-spacing: -1.69px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0; padding-left: 22px; } .inline-quote--worklife { border-left: 3px solid #8beed9; } .inline-quote--future { border-left: 3px solid #ffc857; } .inline-quote--culture { border-left: 3px solid #472479; } .inline-quote--earth { border-left: 3px solid #002856; } .inline-quote h2 { font-weight: 300; } .article-video { height: 100%; position: relative; } .article-video img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .article-video__overlay { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-video__play-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; left: 50%; padding: 0; position: absolute; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); z-index: 1500; } .article-video__label { margin-bottom: 16px; } .article-video__image { bottom: 0; height: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-video__image--hide { opacity: 0; } .article-video__playercore { display: block; } .article-video__playercore--mobile { display: none; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-video__playercore--show { display: block; } .article-video--bordered { border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; } .hero-video { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 180px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; z-index: 1; } .hero-video__video { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 80%; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; width: 80%; z-index: 2; } .hero-video__video--desktop { left: 0; top: 65px; width: 71.5% !important; } .hero-video__video--mobile { height: 64%; width: 100%; } .hero-video__video--small-desktop { height: 70%; left: 0; top: 78px; width: 67%; } .hero-video--small-desktop, .hero-video--desktop { display: block; height: 720px; } .hero-video img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; -webkit-filter: brightness(40%); filter: brightness(40%); } @media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) { .hero-video img { opacity: 0.5; } } .hero-video--mobile { height: 280px; } .hero-video--medium-mobile { height: 430px; } .hero-video--tablet { height: 574px; } .hero-video__play-button { position: absolute; z-index: 100; } .hero-video__video div div { position: inherit !important; position: unset !important; } .content-embed { width: 100%; } .infographic-embed__frame { width: 100%; } .bookmark-icon { background-color: transparent; cursor: pointer; height: 54px; padding: 0; width: 54px; } .bookmark-icon svg { height: 15px; margin: 15px; stroke: #949494; stroke-width: 40; -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform: scale(0.8); width: 15px; } .bookmark__icon--true-white svg { fill: #fff; } .bookmark__icon--black svg, .bookmark__icon--black path { fill: #000 !important; stroke: #000; } .bookmark__icon--light-grey svg { fill: currentColor !important; } .tooltip-box__container { position: relative; } .tooltip-box__message { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; padding: 5px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: -80px; width: 215px; z-index: 1; } .tooltip-box__border-arrow { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; border-bottom: 0; border-right: 0; height: 12px; left: 21px; position: absolute; top: -15px; -webkit-transform: rotate(-135deg); transform: rotate(-135deg); width: 12px; z-index: 2; } .tooltip-box__close { border: 0 !important; height: 15px !important; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; right: 5px; top: -75px; width: 15px !important; z-index: 2; } .tooltip-box__close:hover .tooltip-box__close-icon { -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .tooltip-box__close-icon { color: #444; cursor: pointer; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .article-share-tools { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .article-share-tools a, .article-share-tools button { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; border-radius: 0; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; color: #979797; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 52px; margin-right: 2px; width: 52px; } .article-share-tools--dark a, .article-share-tools--dark button { color: #444; height: 54px; width: 54px; } .article-share-tools--dark a svg, .article-share-tools--dark button svg { stroke: #444; } .article-share-tools a:hover, .article-share-tools button:hover { background-color: #fff; } .article-share-tools .facebook-icon:hover { color: #3b5898; } .article-share-tools .email-icon:hover { color: #615f5d; } .article-share-tools .twitter-icon:hover { color: #47c7fa; } .article-share-tools .linkedin-icon:hover { color: #0077b5; } .article-share-tools .whatsapp-icon:hover { color: #25d366; } .article-share-tools .facebook-messenger { color: #0184ff; } .article-share-tools .ticked-icon { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; border-radius: 0; -webkit-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; font-size: 11px; margin-right: 2px; padding: 3px; } .article-share-tools--popout > *, .article-share-tools--popout a { color: #020203; margin-bottom: 3px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .share-tools-popout { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #979797; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; padding: 30px 0 20px; position: relative; width: 300px; } .share-tools-popout__text { color: #444; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; margin: 0 18px 18px; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .share-tools-popout__url-container { padding: 0 18px; width: 100%; } .share-tools-popout__articleurl { border: 1px solid #979797; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a39f9f; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: -0.5px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0; padding: 12px 10px; text-align: center; width: 262px; } .share-tools-popout__close { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; position: absolute; right: 8px; top: 20px; } .share-tools-popout__close:hover .share-tools-popout__close-icon { color: #888; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .share-tools-popout__close-icon { color: #000; font-size: 16px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .share-tools-popout__border-arrow { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #979797; border-bottom: 0; border-right: 0; height: 12px; left: 40px; position: absolute; top: -7px; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); width: 12px; } .share-tools-popout__tools { margin-bottom: 13px; } .share-tools-popout__details { -ms-flex-item-align: normal; -ms-grid-row-align: normal; align-self: normal; color: #444; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 16px; margin: 0; max-width: 180px; padding-left: 14px; } .share-tools-popout__copied, .share-tools-popout__copy { background-color: #000; border: unset; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding: 12px 6px; text-transform: uppercase; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; width: 110px; } .share-tools-popout__copy:hover { background-color: #555; } .share-tools-popout__copied .gelicon--yes { color: #ff9700; margin-left: 8px; } .share-button-with-popout { position: relative; z-index: 9999; } .share-button-with-popout__popout { max-width: 330px; padding-right: 8px; position: absolute; top: 53px; width: 100%; } .share-button-with-popout__popout--desktop { width: auto; } .article-end__line--long { margin-bottom: 24px; } .article-end__share-tools { margin-bottom: 0; } .article-end--desktop .article-end__line--long { margin-bottom: 44px; } .article-end--desktop .article-end__share-tools { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-bottom: 50px; } .article-end--desktop .article-end__share { margin-top: 0; } .article-end__share { margin-top: 5px; } .domestic-disclaimer { background-color: #333; position: relative; } .domestic-disclaimer__content { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin: auto; max-width: 990px; } .domestic-disclaimer__content--desktop-small { max-width: 976px; } .domestic-disclaimer__content--desktop { max-width: 1248px; } .domestic-disclaimer__text { color: #d8d8d8; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px; margin: auto; padding: 8px 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__text--tablet { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 16px 54px 16px 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__text--desktop { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin-left: 0; max-width: 890px; padding: 14px 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding: 0 16px 0 0; position: relative; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-button--desktop { padding: 0 16px 0 0; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-icon { color: #d8d8d8; font-size: 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-icon--desktop { font-size: 22px; } .label-list { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; position: relative; } .label-list__line { width: 100%; } .label-list__content { margin: 30px 0 0 16px; width: 100%; } .label-list__content--tablet { margin: 34px 0 0 38px; } .label-list__content--desktop { margin: 42px 0 0 32px; } .label-list__list-item { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .label-list__link { color: #444; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px; text-decoration: none; } .label-list__link:hover { color: #adadad; } .label-list__link--large { font-size: 22px; line-height: 29px; } .label-list__link:not(:first-of-type) { margin-top: 8px; } .label-list__link--large:not(:first-of-type) { margin-top: 12px; } .label-list__list-items { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; margin-top: 36px; } .label-list__list-items--tablet { margin-top: 52px; } .label-list__list-items--desktop { margin-top: 46px; } .section-header-text__text { background-color: #fff; border-radius: 4px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 20px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5), 0 2px 5px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5); box-shadow: 0 0 20px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5), 0 2px 5px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5); margin: 0 8px; opacity: 0.95; padding: 16px; position: relative; z-index: 3; } .section-header-text__text--no-margin { margin: 0; } .section-header-text__ad { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; margin: 0 8px 8px; position: relative; top: unset; } .section-header-text__ad--desktop { margin: 0 0 8px; } .section-header-text__title { display: inline-block; } .section-header-text__title--large-margin { margin: 0 40px 16px 0; } .section-header-text__title--premium { border: 1.78px solid; padding: 8px; } .section-header-text__title-content { color: #444; font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold; margin: unset; } .section-header-text__title-content--tablet { font-size: 24px; } .section-header-text__title-content--desktop { font-size: 28px; } .section-header-text__description { color: #555; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0; } .section-header-text__description--large { font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; } .section-header-unit { max-width: 1280px; position: relative; } .section-header-unit--tablet { height: 320px; } .section-header-unit--desktop { border-radius: 4px; height: 320px; overflow: hidden; } .section-header-unit__image { height: 320px; max-height: 320px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } .section-header-unit__image img { left: 50%; position: relative; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); } .section-header-unit__image--right img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: 0; width: unset; } .section-header-unit__image--left img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: unset; width: unset; } .section-header-unit__content { position: relative; -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%); transform: translateY(-50%); } .section-header-unit__content--desktop { bottom: 0; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; max-width: 420px; position: absolute; right: 32px; top: 0; -webkit-transform: none; transform: none; } .section-header-unit__content--advert { -webkit-transform: translateY(calc(-50% - 28px)); transform: translateY(calc(-50% - 28px)); /* - half the height of the advert so the text is still centered. */ } .offline-reading { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .offline-reading__header { font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 0 16px; max-width: 220px; text-align: center; } .offline-reading__header--desktop { font-size: 18px; max-width: 460px; } .offline-reading__buttons { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; text-align: center; } .offline-reading__buttons--desktop { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .offline-reading__top-stories { margin-bottom: 24px; } .offline-reading__top-stories--desktop { margin: 0 16px 0 0; } .offline-reading__icon { display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 24px; width: 120px; } .rectangle-image { background-size: cover; height: 74px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 132px; } .rectangle-image img { height: 100%; left: 50%; position: absolute; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: auto; } .rectangle-image--small { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; height: 32px; width: 56px; } .rectangle-image--large { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; height: 162px; width: 288px; } .rectangle-image--medium { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; height: 126px; width: 222px; } .rectangle-image--full-screen { padding-top: 56.25%; width: 100%; } .rectangle-image img { -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease; transition: all 0.4s ease; } .rectangle-image__overlay { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0; height: 100%; left: 0; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; } .rectangle-image__overlay--culture { background-color: rgba(72, 41, 120, 0.6); } .rectangle-image:hover .rectangle-image__overlay { opacity: 1; } .rectangle-image:hover img { height: 108%; } .rectangle-story-item { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 288px; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container:hover .rectangle-image__overlay { opacity: 1; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container:hover .rectangle-story-item__icon { background-color: #000; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture:hover .rectangle-story-item__icon { background-color: #482978; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container:hover .rectangle-image img { height: 108%; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container { position: relative; width: 100%; } .rectangle-story-item--tablet { width: 222px; } .rectangle-story-item__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 1 1 auto; flex: 1 1 auto; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 3px; width: 100%; } .rectangle-story-item__label { color: #4a4a4a; display: block; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 16px; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; } .rectangle-story-item__label--worklife:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label--future:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label__travel:hover { background-image: none; } .rectangle-story-item__label--worklife > span:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label--future > span:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label__travel > span:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #4a4a4a; } .rectangle-story-item__label--culture:hover { background-image: none; } .rectangle-story-item__label--culture > span:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #482978; } .rectangle-story-item__line { display: block; margin: 16px 0; } .rectangle-story-item__author { color: #4a4a4a; display: block; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: 0.1px; line-height: 35px; text-decoration: none; } .rectangle-story-item__title { color: rgba(46, 46, 46, 0.85); display: block; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.21px; line-height: 30px; text-decoration: none; } .rectangle-story-item__icon { background-color: #000; bottom: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; height: 44px; line-height: 44px; position: absolute; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: 0.4s ease; transition: 0.4s ease; width: 44px; } .rectangle-story-item__title--white, .rectangle-story-item__author--white, .rectangle-story-item__label--white { color: #fff; } .rectangle-story-item__label--white:hover { border-bottom: 0; } .rectangle-story-item__label--white > span:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #fff; } .rectangle-story-item__remove-bookmark-btn { background-color: transparent; border: 0; color: #adadad; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-align: left; width: -webkit-fit-content; width: -moz-fit-content; width: fit-content; } .rectangle-article-group { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 1 1; flex: 1 1; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; } .rectangle-article-group--tablet, .rectangle-article-group--desktop { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .rectangle-article-group__article { display: inline-block; padding-top: 12px; } .rectangle-article-group__article--tablet { padding: 0 16px 0 0; } .rectangle-article-group__article--desktop { padding: 0 24px 0 0; } .fake-ad { -ms-flex-line-pack: center; align-content: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background: #f6f6f6; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; padding: 8px; } .fake-ad__body { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background: #5ae9cb; color: #fff; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 0 0 auto; flex: 0 0 auto; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .fake-ad__text { -ms-flex-item-align: center; -ms-grid-row-align: center; align-self: center; color: #444; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5; text-align: right; text-transform: uppercase; } .fake-ad--mpu .fake-ad__body { height: 320px; width: 320px; } .fake-ad--mpu .fake-ad__text { width: 320px; } .fake-ad--mobile-leaderboard .fake-ad__body { height: 50px; width: 300px; } .fake-ad--mobile-leaderboard .fake-ad__text { width: 300px; } .fake-ad--leaderboard .fake-ad__body { height: 90px; width: 728px; } .fake-ad--leaderboard .fake-ad__text { width: 728px; } .body-text-card-inline-image { margin: 24px 0; position: relative; } .branding { -webkit-box-sizing: content-box !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; height: 24px; padding: 12px 16px; width: 100%; } .branding__icon { display: inline-block; height: 24px; width: 100%; } .branding__icon g { fill: #fff; } .branding--medium { padding: 16px; } .branding--large { padding: 16px 24px; } .branding--worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .branding--future { background-color: #002856; } .branding--culture { background-color: #472479; } .branding--earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .branding--travel { background-color: #589e50; } .branding--travel svg, .branding--earth svg, .branding--culture svg, .branding--future svg, .branding--worklife svg { height: 24px; } .branding--small, .branding--small svg { height: 17px; } .branding__icon--medium, .branding--medium, .branding--medium svg { height: 22px; } .branding__icon--large, .branding--large, .branding--large svg { height: 24px; } .branding__icon--largest, .branding--largest, .branding--largest svg { height: 32px; } .branding__icon--small, .branding--travel .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--earth .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--culture .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--future .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--worklife .branding__icon--small svg { height: 17px; } .body-text-card { color: #444; display: block; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; } .body-text-card__image, .body-text-card__video { margin: 24px 0; } .body-text-card__text { display: block; } .body-text-card__advert { margin: 20px 0; } .body-text-card__text div a { cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } .body-text-card__text a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .body-text-card__text > div > p { margin: 0 20px 16px; } .body-text-card__text > div > p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; } .body-text-card__drop-capped { float: left; margin: 0 8px 0 20px; padding-top: 6px; } .body-text-card__text--drop-capped p:first-of-type::first-letter { color: transparent; font-size: 0; } .body-text-card__text--flush-text > div > p { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; } .body-text-card__text--future div a:visited { color: #666; } .body-text-card__text--future div a { color: #002856; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #002856; text-decoration-color: #002856; } .body-text-card__text--travel div a { color: #589e50; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #589e50; text-decoration-color: #589e50; } .body-text-card__text--worklife div a { color: #0052a1; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #0052a1; text-decoration-color: #0052a1; } .body-text-card__text--earth div a { color: #0fbb56; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #0fbb56; text-decoration-color: #0fbb56; } .body-text-card__text--culture div a { color: #472479; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #472479; text-decoration-color: #472479; } .swimlane-inner { background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto 100%; display: block; padding: 24px 16px; } .swimlane-inner--small { padding: 24px 8px; } .swimlane-inner--tablet { padding: 28px 16px 42px; } .swimlane-inner--small-desktop { padding: 30px 16px 42px; } .swimlane-inner--desktop { padding: 38px 16px 42px; } .swimlane { overflow: hidden; position: relative; z-index: 0; } .swimlane__black { background-color: #0e0e0e; } .swimlane__background-image { height: 500px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; width: 915px; z-index: -1; } .swimlane__background-image--mobile { height: 181px; width: 320px; } .swimlane__background-image--tablet { height: 421px; width: 752px; } .swimlane__background-image--desktop { height: 500px; width: 915px; } .swimlane__background-image--atb { background-color: rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.8); background-size: cover; height: 100%; width: 100%; } .swimlane__item { margin: 0 0 25px; width: 100%; } .swimlane__item--desktop { margin: 0; } .swimlane__item--tablet { margin: 0 16px 25px 0; width: calc((100% - 48px) / 3); } .swimlane__item--tablet:nth-of-type(3n + 3) { margin-right: 0; } .swimlane__item--two-columns { margin-right: 0 !important; max-width: 572px; width: 50%; } .swimlane__item--four-columns { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-right: 16px; width: calc((100% - 48px) / 4); } .swimlane__item--four-columns:nth-of-type(4n + 4) { margin-right: 0; } .swimlane__items { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; margin-top: 24px; text-align: left; } .swimlane__items--desktop { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin-top: 42px; } .swimlane__items--small-desktop { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 30px; } .swimlane__items--tablet { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 30px; } .swimlane__items--no-title { margin-top: 0; } .swimlane__content { margin: auto; max-width: 942px; text-align: center; } .swimlane__content--desktop { max-width: 1216px; } .swimlane__title { color: #fff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; text-transform: uppercase; } .swimlane__title--black { color: #010101; font-weight: 400; } .see-more-button-container-alt { color: #0e0e0e; } .follow-us-on { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; position: relative; } .follow-us-on__text { color: #fff; font-size: 16px; font-style: condensed; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 0 20px; padding: 0; text-transform: uppercase; } .follow-us-on__links { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .follow-us-on__link:first-child { margin-right: 16px; } .nav-bar { background-color: #fff; } .nav-bar__hidden-menu { display: none; } .nav-bar__visible-menu { display: block; } .nav-bar__no-scroll { max-height: 100vh; overflow: hidden; } .dot-with-label { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .dot-with-label__text { padding-left: 8px; } .dot-with-label__text a { text-decoration: none; } .dot-with-label__text:hover h2 { color: #adadad; } .sponsor-section { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; max-width: 530px; } .sponsor-section--menu { padding: 20px 0 16px 24px; } .sponsor-section__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; } .sponsor-section__container--desktop { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; } .sponsor-section__sponsor { color: #fff; padding-right: 16px; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; color: #4e4e4e; font-size: 26px; margin: 0; white-space: nowrap; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--mobile { padding-bottom: 16px; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--desktop { font-size: 22px; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--menu { color: #fff; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--menu-desktop { font-size: 32px; } .sponsor-section__summary { color: #ebebeb; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding-top: 16px; } .sponsor-section__advert { display: inline-block; } .icon-with-label { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .icon-with-label__icon { padding-right: 10px; } .more-articles-item { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; position: relative; z-index: 5; } .more-articles-item__link { text-decoration: none; } .more-articles-item__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; width: 100%; } .more-articles-item__label { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 8px; } .more-articles-item__type { margin-right: 16px; position: relative; } .more-articles-item__icon { color: #fff; font-size: 12px; margin-right: 8px; } .more-articles-item__text { color: #fff; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; padding: 0; position: relative; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.7); -webkit-transition: color 0.4s; transition: color 0.4s; } .more-articles-item__text--medium { font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px; } .more-articles-item__text--large { color: #ebebeb; font-size: 30px; line-height: 37px; } .more-articles-item__container--column { -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .more-articles-item__image-container { position: relative; } .more-articles-item--two-columns { margin-right: 16px; } .more-articles-item__label--desktop { margin-top: 16px; } .more-articles-item__label--tablet { margin-top: 16px; } .more-articles-item__link:hover .more-articles-item__text { color: #adadad; } .full-width-image-article { width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__container { min-height: 325px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } .full-width-image-article__container--desktop { min-height: 400px; } .full-width-image-article__image { height: 100%; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__image img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__text { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; color: #fff; left: 50%; max-width: 488px; padding: 0 20px; position: absolute; text-align: center; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__text a { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__label { display: inline-block; font-size: 14.4px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3.6px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 11px; text-transform: uppercase; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__header { font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: -0.25px; line-height: 42px; margin: 0; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__header--desktop { font-size: 33.6px; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__author { font-size: 16.6px; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: -0.13px; line-height: 42px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 28px; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__author--desktop { margin-top: 32px; } .full-width-image-article__background { background-image: radial-gradient(50% 49%, rgba(5, 36, 53, 0.37) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 83%); height: 100%; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__link { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } .more-articles { background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; overflow: hidden; position: relative; -webkit-transition: background-image 0.4s; transition: background-image 0.4s; } .more-articles__heading { display: inline-block; margin: auto; max-width: 1272px; padding: 20px 0 0 16px; position: relative; z-index: 5; } .more-articles__stories { margin: 10px 16px 42px; max-width: 1232px; padding: 8px; position: relative; z-index: 4; } .more-articles__stories--small { padding: 0; } .more-articles__stories--tablet { margin: 24px 16px 72px; max-width: 1216px; } .more-articles__stories--desktop { margin: 56px 48px 92px; max-width: 1152px; } .more-articles__story-container:not(:first-of-type) { padding-top: 16px; } .more-articles__line { opacity: 0.3; padding-top: 16px; z-index: 5; } .more-articles__image-overlay { background-color: rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.3); bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; z-index: 1; } .more-articles__image { opacity: 0; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .more-articles__image img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .more-articles__image--right img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: 0; width: unset; } .more-articles__image--left img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: unset; width: unset; } .more-articles__image--visible { opacity: 1; } .more-articles__story--two-columns, .more-articles__story--three-columns { padding-right: 16px; width: 310px; } .more-articles__story-container:nth-child(even) .more-articles__story--two-columns { padding-right: 0; } .more-articles__story-container:nth-child(3n + 3) .more-articles__story--three-columns { padding-right: 0; } .more-articles__stories--two-columns, .more-articles__stories--three-columns { -ms-flex-align: end; align-items: flex-end; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; padding: 16px; } .more-articles__stories--two-columns .more-articles-item__link, .more-articles__stories--three-columns .more-articles-item__link { pointer-events: all; } .more-articles__story-container--two-columns { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; width: 50%; } .more-articles__story-container--two-columns:nth-child(2) { padding-top: 0; } .more-articles__story-container--three-columns { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; width: 33%; } .more-articles__story-container--three-columns:nth-child(-n + 3) { padding-top: 0; } .more-articles__heading--small { padding: 20px 0 0 8px; } .more-articles__heading--desktop { max-width: 1264px; padding: 38px 0 0 16px; } .more-articles__heading--tablet { max-width: 1264px; padding: 24px 0 0 16px; } .most-popular { background-color: #f9f9f9; } .most-popular__inner { margin: 0 auto; max-width: 894px; padding: 45px 24px 21px; } .most-popular__inner--desktop { padding: 47px 0 86px; } .most-popular__header { font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .most-popular__items { display: block; } .most-popular__items--desktop { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 57px; } .most-popular-item { box-sizing: border-box; padding-top: 33px; } .most-popular-item:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 42px; } .most-popular-item--desktop { padding: 0 20px; width: calc(33.333%); } .most-popular-item--desktop:nth-child(3n + 2) { -ms-flex-order: 2; order: 2; padding: 38px 20px; } .most-popular-item--desktop:nth-child(3n + 3) { -ms-flex-order: 3; order: 3; } .most-popular-item--desktop:nth-child(n+4) { border-left: 1px solid #dadada; } .most-popular-item--desktop:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 0; } .most-popular-item a { text-decoration: none; } .most-popular-item__content { -ms-flex-align: start; align-items: flex-start; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-top: 5px; } .most-popular-item__number { color: #cbcbcb; font-size: 40px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 32px; margin: 0 20px 0 0; width: 25px; } .most-popular-item__label { color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0 0 0 45px; text-transform: uppercase; } .most-popular-item__title { color: #2e2e2ecc; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; } .StickyElementContent { -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s; transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s; transition: transform 0.5s; transition: transform 0.5s, -webkit-transform 0.5s; } .StickyElementContent--is-undocked { left: 0; position: fixed; top: 0; width: 100%; } .StickyElementContent--is-hidden { -webkit-transform: translateY(-100%); transform: translateY(-100%); } .error-page-header { position: relative; } .error-page-header__headers { margin-bottom: 16px; position: relative; z-index: 1; } .error-page-header__headers--tablet-plus { margin-bottom: 32px; } .error-page-header__description { color: #444; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; } .error-page-header__play-icon { margin-right: 16px; } .error-page-header__play-icon button { color: #adadad; } .error-page-header__dot-label { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .styled-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .styled-list__item { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .styled-list__item:not(:first-of-type) { padding-top: 8px; } .styled-list__item a { font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } .styled-list__item--worklife a { color: #8beed9; } .styled-list__item--future a { color: #ffc857; } .styled-list__item--culture a { color: #472479; } .styled-list__item--earth a { color: #002856; } .styled-list__item--travel a { color: #002856; } .styled-list__text { color: #444; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding-left: 20px; } .styled-list__dot { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-top: 8px; } .image-gallery-item { margin: 26px 0; } .image-gallery-item img { height: 100%; -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; width: 100%; } .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -3%; width: 106%; } @media (max-width: 1000px) and (min-width: 767px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -16%; width: 116%; } } @media (max-width: 1180px) and (min-width: 1024px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -8%; width: 108%; } } @media (max-width: 1365px) and (min-width: 1280px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -42%; width: 142%; } } @media (min-width: 1366px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -55%; width: 155%; } } .image-gallery-item__image--portrait { margin: 20px 0; width: 100%; } @media (max-width: 599px) { .image-gallery-item__image--portrait { margin-left: -3%; width: 106%; } } .image-gallery-item__image--portrait, .image-gallery-item__image--portrait img { max-height: 507px; min-height: 463px; } @media (max-width: 1279px) and (min-width: 768px) { .image-gallery-item__image--portrait, .image-gallery-item__image--portrait img { min-height: 818px; } } .styled-line { background-color: #8beed9; height: 3px; width: 72px; } .styled-line--small { width: 45px; } .styled-line--medium { width: 135px; } .styled-line--large { height: 1px; width: auto; } .styled-line--height--large { height: 5px; } .styled-line--height--small { height: 1px; } .styled-line--xs-small { width: 25px; } .styled-line--worklife { background-color: #8beed9; } .styled-line--future { background-color: #ffc857; } .styled-line--culture { background-color: #472479; } .styled-line--earth { background-color: #002856; } .styled-line--travel { background-color: #002856; } .styled-line--white { background-color: #fff; } .styled-line--dark-grey { background-color: #6a6a6a; } .styled-line--grey { background-color: #dedede; } .article-labels { font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; text-transform: uppercase; } .article-labels a { color: #fff; letter-spacing: 1px; text-decoration: none; } .article-labels__text:first-child { font-weight: bold; } .rectangle-story-group { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; margin: auto; position: relative; } .rectangle-story-group__articles { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 1 1; flex: 1 1; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; } .rectangle-story-group__articles--small-tablet { -ms-flex-pack: unset; justify-content: unset; } .rectangle-story-group__articles--full-screen { display: block; } .rectangle-story-group__article { display: inline-block; padding-left: 18px; padding-top: 16px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--tablet { padding-left: 20px; padding-top: 22px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--desktop { padding-left: 22px; padding-top: 24px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--desktop:first-of-type { padding-left: 8px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--small-tablet { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; width: 50%; } .rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen { display: block; padding: 16px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen:first-of-type { padding-top: 0; } .rectangle-story-group__article--small-desktop { padding-left: 10px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--small-desktop:last-of-type { padding-right: 8px; } .rectangle-story-group__articles-container { margin: auto; max-width: 950px; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; } .rectangle-story-group__advert-mpu { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 16px 16px 24px; } .rectangle-story-group__advert-mpu--desktop { border-left: 1px solid #dadada; display: block; padding: 0 0 0 16px; padding-top: 0; } .rectangle-story-group__advert-mpu--small-desktop { display: block; padding: 0 0 0 8px; } .rectangle-story-group__hero--desktop { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .rectangle-story-group__article-hero--tablet { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .article-title-card-rectangle { width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image:hover .article-title-card-rectangle__overlay { opacity: 1; } .article-title-card-rectangle__overlay { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0; height: 100%; left: 0; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s ease; transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s ease; transition: transform 0.5s ease; transition: transform 0.5s ease, -webkit-transform 0.5s ease; width: 100%; will-change: transform; } .article-title-card-rectangle__overlay--culture { background-color: rgba(72, 41, 120, 0.6); } .article-title-card-rectangle__image { margin-right: 40px; max-height: 390px; max-width: 620px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: auto; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image img { display: block; width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__image--desktop { margin-right: 0; width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image--tablet img, .article-title-card-rectangle__image--desktop img { width: 110%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image--preview-article { margin-right: 0; } .article-title-card-rectangle__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; position: relative; } .article-title-card-rectangle__container--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__container--desktop { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .article-title-card-rectangle__container--preview-article { margin-right: 8px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box { background-color: #fff; margin-left: 40px; padding: 16px 22px 0; position: relative; top: -22px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label { color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; width: -webkit-fit-content; width: -moz-fit-content; width: fit-content; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--worklife:hover, .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--future:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #4a4a4a; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--culture:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #482978; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header { color: #3d3d3d; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.21px; line-height: 35px; margin-bottom: 30px; margin-top: 12px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header--desktop { font-size: 28px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header--tablet { font-size: 26px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author { color: #000; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: -0.1px; line-height: 35px; margin: 8px 0 0; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author--tablet { margin: 14px 0 0; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--desktop { left: -40px; margin: 0; padding: 40px; top: 0; -webkit-transform: none; transform: none; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--tablet { padding: 35px 22px 22px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__link { color: #000; text-decoration: none; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-container { display: block; max-width: 252px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-container--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__text-container--desktop { max-width: 320px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__preview-container { color: #4d4d4d; text-decoration: none; } .article-title-card-rectangle__preview-text { display: block; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 27px; max-width: 396px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__read-more { display: inline-block; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 4px; margin: 25px 16px 0 0; text-transform: uppercase; } .article-title-card-rectangle__arrow { color: #bababa; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(-90deg); transform: rotate(-90deg); } .article-headline { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; padding: 38px 0; } .article-headline .article-labels { text-align: center; } .article-headline__line--short { margin-bottom: 40px; } .article-headline--largeTablet .article-headline__text { font-size: 32px; text-align: center; } .article-headline--tablet .article-headline__collection { margin-bottom: 24px; } .article-headline--tablet .article-headline__text { font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.84px; margin: 0 15px 15px; text-align: center; } .article-headline--mobile { padding: 20px 0; } .article-headline--mobile .article-headline__text { font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: -0.63px; margin: 0 15px 15px; text-align: center; } .article-headline--mobile .article-headline__collection { margin-bottom: 15px; } .article-headline__collection { margin-bottom: 40px; } .article-headline__collection a { color: #242424; } .article-headline__text { font-size: 45px; letter-spacing: -1.26px; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 44px; } .hero-image { height: 720px; position: relative; } .hero-image img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .hero-image--small-mobile { height: 180px; } .hero-image--mobile { height: 210px; } .hero-image--medium-mobile { height: 430px; } .hero-image--tablet { height: 574px; } .loading-spinner { margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; } .loading-spinner__message { color: #002756; display: block; font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .loading-spinner__image { display: block; margin: 0 auto; width: 48px; } @-webkit-keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg); transform: rotate(360deg); } } @keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg); transform: rotate(360deg); } } .spinner { fill: #444; } .spinner__image { -webkit-animation: spin 1s linear infinite; animation: spin 1s linear infinite; } .spinner--worklife { fill: #8beed9; } .spinner--future { fill: #ffc857; } .spinner--culture { fill: #472479; } .spinner--travel { fill: #002856; } .spinner--earth { fill: #002856; } .similar-articles-list { background-color: #f9f9f9; position: relative; text-align: center; } .similar-articles-list__container { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-left: -50px; } .similar-articles-list__collection { color: #4a4a4a; display: block; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; } .similar-articles-list__header { background-color: #000; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; margin: 0 0 36px; padding: 8px; text-transform: uppercase; } .similar-articles-list__title { color: rgba(46, 46, 46, 0.85); display: block; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.19px; line-height: 22px; margin-top: 3px; text-decoration: none; } .similar-articles-list__number { color: #000; font-size: 40px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0; margin-right: 26px; opacity: 0.18; } .similar-articles-list__articles-article { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 262px; padding-bottom: 32px; position: relative; } .similar-articles-list__articles-article:last-child { padding-bottom: 58px; } .similar-articles-list__number, .similar-articles-list__text { display: inline-block; } .similar-articles-list__text { margin-left: 50px; max-width: 210px; text-align: left; } .see-more-button { border-bottom: 1px solid #979797; text-align: center; } .see-more-button__inner { background-color: transparent; border: 0; color: #6c6c6c; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 13px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; -webkit-transition: linear 0.6s; transition: linear 0.6s; } .see-more-button__inner-arrow { color: #6c6c6c; font-size: 10px; position: absolute; right: 9px; top: 2px; -webkit-transition: linear 0.3s; transition: linear 0.3s; } .see-more-button__inner-text { margin-right: 24px; } .see-more-button__inner:hover { color: #4a4a4a; } .see-more-button__inner:hover .see-more-button__inner-arrow { color: #4a4a4a; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .beta-btn { background-color: #e6711b; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; height: 25px; line-height: 12px; padding: 0 7px; width: 66px; } .beta-btn:hover .beta-btn__arrow { cursor: pointer; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); } .beta-btn:hover .beta-btn__arrow--expanded { -webkit-transform: rotate(-35deg); transform: rotate(-35deg); } .beta-btn__copy { color: #444; display: block; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 17px; margin: 16px auto; max-width: 50%; } .beta-btn__arrow { border: solid #fff; border-width: 0 2px 2px 0; display: inline-block; padding: 3px; position: relative; top: -1px; -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .beta-btn__arrow--expanded { -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); } .article-hero { height: 672px; margin: 0; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 100%; } .article-hero--small-mobile { height: 373px; } .article-hero--mobile { height: 486px; } .article-hero--small-tablet { height: 433px; } .article-hero--tablet { height: 433px; } .article-hero--tablet .article-hero__content { padding: 60px 15px 0; } .article-hero__content { margin: auto; max-width: 1004px; pointer-events: none; position: relative; z-index: 1; } .article-hero--desktop { height: 573px; } .article-hero--desktop .article-hero__content { padding: 50px 30px 0; } .article-hero--large-desktop .article-hero__content { max-width: 1276px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content { padding: 60px 10px 0; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-title, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-title, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-title { font-size: 24px; line-height: 30px; max-width: 220px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-line, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-line, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-line { margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-labels, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-labels, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-labels { margin-bottom: 15px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-cta, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-cta, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-cta { line-height: 22px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-cta a, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-cta a, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-cta a { letter-spacing: 3px; } .article-hero__ambient-hidden { display: none; } .article-hero__background-ambient { bottom: 0; left: 0; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; z-index: -1; } .article-hero__background::after { background-image: linear-gradient(-63deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) 24%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 51%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.32) 67%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.51) 100%); content: ''; height: 100%; left: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-hero__background img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .article-hero__background--parallax img { -webkit-transform: scale(1.1); transform: scale(1.1); } .article-hero a { color: #fff; letter-spacing: 3px; text-decoration: none; } .article-hero__content-cta { clear: both; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 4px; line-height: 20px; max-width: 170px; pointer-events: all; text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); text-transform: uppercase; } .article-hero__content-cta a { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; letter-spacing: 4px; } .article-hero__content-labels { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 20px; pointer-events: all; } .article-hero__content-line { background-color: #fff; border: 0; display: block; float: left; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-right: 300px; margin-top: 25px; width: 120px; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow { position: relative; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow::before { background: #fff; content: ''; height: 2px; left: 5px; margin-top: -1px; opacity: 0.4; position: absolute; top: 50%; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; transition: all 0.3s ease; width: 20px; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow::after { border-right: 2px solid #fff; border-top: 2px solid #fff; content: ''; display: inline-block; height: 10px; left: 16px; margin-top: 5px; opacity: 0.4; position: absolute; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); width: 10px; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow--small::before { opacity: 1; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow--small::after { margin-top: 6px; opacity: 1; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow img { height: 11px; margin-left: 10px; width: 19px; } .article-hero__content-title { color: #fff; font-size: 50px; line-height: 54px; margin-top: 0; max-width: 450px; pointer-events: all; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.7); } .article-hero__content-title a { letter-spacing: -1.32px; } .article-hero__title-text { display: inline; } .article-hero__content-title > a:hover > div, .article-hero__content-subtitle > a:hover { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(100%, currentColor), color-stop(0%, transparent)); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, currentColor 100%, transparent 0%); background-position: 0 1.15em; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-size: 100% 2px; } .article-hero__content-subtitle { clear: both; color: #fff; font-size: 23px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0; max-width: 440px; pointer-events: all; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5); } .article-hero__content-subtitle a { letter-spacing: -1px; } .article-hero__content-title--small { font-size: 30px; line-height: 35px; } .article-hero__content-title--tablet { clear: both; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.84px; line-height: 42px; max-width: 264px; } .article-hero__content-title--small a { letter-spacing: -0.63px; } .article-hero__down-arrow { background-color: transparent; border: 0; bottom: 0; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; left: calc(50% - 29px); margin: 0; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0; position: absolute; -webkit-transform: scale(0.5); transform: scale(0.5); } .see-more-button-container { color: #fff; } .see-more-button { border-bottom: 1px solid #979797; text-align: center; } .see-more-button-inner { background-color: transparent; border: 0; color: #6c6c6c; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 13px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; } .see-more-button-inner--light { color: #b4b4b4; } .see-more-button-inner__arrow { color: #6c6c6c; font-size: 10px; position: absolute; right: 9px; top: 2px; } .see-more-button-inner__arrow--light { color: #b4b4b4; } .see-more-button-inner__text { margin-right: 24px; } .load-more-button { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } .load-more-button__refresh.gelicon--refresh { margin-right: 16px; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .load-more-button__downarrow { color: #adadad; font-size: 22px; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .load-more-button__loading .load-more-button__refresh.gelicon--refresh { -webkit-animation: spin 2s linear infinite; animation: spin 2s linear infinite; } .load-more-button__downarrow:first-of-type { padding-right: 16px; } .load-more-button__downarrow:not(:first-of-type) { padding-left: 16px; } @-webkit-keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(-270deg); transform: rotate(-270deg); } } @keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(-270deg); transform: rotate(-270deg); } } .basic-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #adadad; border-radius: 4px; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #fff, 0 2px 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #fff, 0 2px 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); color: #193e6d; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 20px; height: 54px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; min-width: 222px; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .basic-button--estimated { height: 64px; } .basic-button--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .basic-button--future { color: #002856; } .basic-button--culture { color: #472479; } .basic-button--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .basic-button--travel { color: #589e50; } .basic-button__text { color: #444; font-family: 'BBC Reith Sans Cd'; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .basic-button__text--estimated { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .basic-button__text--estimated-text { font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: 300; } .basic-button__text--white { color: #fff; } .basic-button__text--curious { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; } .basic-button__text--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .basic-button__text--future { color: #002856; } .basic-button__text--culture { color: #472479; } .basic-button__text--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .basic-button__text--travel { color: #589e50; } .basic-button::before { padding-right: 16px; } .basic-button:hover { background-color: #dedede; } .basic-button--background-light-blue:hover { background-color: #dfe8ff; } .basic-button--background-black { background-color: #000; } .basic-button--background-black:hover { background-color: #494646; } .basic-button--background-worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .basic-button--background-future { background-color: #002856; } .basic-button--background-culture { background-color: #472479; } .basic-button--background-earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .basic-button--background-travel { background-color: #589e50; } .basic-button--background-worklife:hover { background-color: #4494e4; } .basic-button--background-future:hover { background-color: #ffc857; } .basic-button--background-culture:hover { background-color: #472479; } .basic-button--background-earth:hover { background-color: #002856; } .basic-button--background-travel:hover { background-color: #002856; } .basic-button__text--bold { font-weight: bold; } .read-more-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; font-weight: bold; position: relative; width: 224px; } .AdFrame { display: -ms-inline-flexbox; display: inline-flex; } .AdFrame--default { background-color: #f6f6f6; } .AdFrame--dark-grey { background-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.8); } .AdFrame--centre-aligned { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .text-with-styled-background { height: inherit; position: relative; width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background--collection { display: inline-block; width: unset; } .text-with-styled-background--center-align { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .text-with-styled-background__text { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; color: #444; display: block; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px; padding: 0 0 0 10px; position: relative; } .text-with-styled-background__text--large { font-size: 26px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0 0 0 24px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--medium { font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--remove-padding { padding: 0; width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background__text--largest { font-size: 38px; line-height: 47px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .text-with-styled-background__text--future { color: #002856; } .text-with-styled-background__text--culture { color: #472479; } .text-with-styled-background__text--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .text-with-styled-background__text--travel { color: #589e50; } .text-with-styled-background__text--blue { color: #0052a1; } .text-with-styled-background__text--collection { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; padding: 0; } .text-with-styled-background__text--collection--medium { font-size: 32px; line-height: 38px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--collection--large { font-size: 38px; line-height: 47px; } .text-with-styled-background__line-container { bottom: 0; margin-left: 13px; position: absolute; width: calc(100% - 26px); } .text-with-styled-background__line { background-color: rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.05); height: 26px; max-width: 240px; position: relative; } .text-with-styled-background__line--large { bottom: -10px; height: 42px; max-width: 340px; } .text-with-styled-background__line--narrow { height: 26px; max-width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background__line--medium { bottom: -10px; height: 36px; max-width: 340px; } .text-with-styled-background__line--largest { max-width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background__line-container--collection { width: calc(100% + 26px); } .text-with-styled-background__line-container--no-margin { margin: 0; } .text-with-styled-background__line--collection { height: 26px; } .error-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #000; border: 0; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 22px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; outline: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; } .error-button .gelicon--alert { color: #ececec; } .simple-header { color: #444; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0; } .simple-header--large { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; } .simple-header--simple { font-size: 18px; line-height: 22px; } .simple-header--small { font-size: 20px; line-height: 27px; } .simple-header--smallest { font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; } .simple-header--medium { font-size: 24px; line-height: 28px; } .simple-header--regular { font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px; } .simple-header--condensed-bold { font-stretch: condensed; } .simple-header--condensed-bold.simple-header--large { line-height: 37px; } .simple-header--condensed-bold.simple-header--regular { line-height: 28px; } .simple-header--white { color: #fff; } .play-button__inline-audio, .play-button__inline-video { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #000; border: 0; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 16px; height: 49px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; outline: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 49px; } .play-button__inline-audio .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video .gelicon--play { color: #ececec; } .play-button__inline-audio--worklife .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--worklife .gelicon--play { color: #8beed9; } .play-button__inline-audio--travel .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--travel .gelicon--play { color: #002856; } .play-button__inline-audio--future .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--future .gelicon--play { color: #ffc857; } .play-button__inline-audio--culture .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--culture .gelicon--play { color: #472479; } .play-button__inline-audio--earth .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--earth .gelicon--play { color: #002856; } .play-button__inline-audio { color: #fff; font-size: 22px; height: 50px; width: 50px; } .play-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border: 2px solid #5ae9cb; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 22px; height: 80px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; outline: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 80px; } .play-button:hover { color: #5ae9cb; } .play-button--white { border: 4px solid #fff; } .play-button--white:hover { color: #fff; } .play-button--white .gelicon--play { color: inherit; } .play-button--worklife { border: 2px solid #8beed9; } .play-button--worklife:hover { color: #8beed9; } .play-button--travel { border: 2px solid #002856; } .play-button--travel:hover { color: #002856; } .play-button--future { border: 2px solid #ffc857; } .play-button--future:hover { color: #ffc857; } .play-button--culture { border: 2px solid #472479; } .play-button--culture:hover { color: #472479; } .play-button--earth { border: 2px solid #002856; } .play-button--earth:hover { color: #002856; } .play-button--desktop { font-size: 30px; height: 76px; width: 76px; } .play-button--background-hover:hover { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); } .screen-reader-only { border: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-clip-path: inset(50%); clip-path: inset(50%); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute !important; width: 1px; word-wrap: normal !important; } .text-summary__text { font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0; text-align: left; } .text-summary__text--blue { color: #193e6d; } .text-summary__text--black { color: #000; } .text-summary__text--grey { color: #6a6a6a; } .text-summary__text--dark-grey { color: #444; } .text-summary__text--left { text-align: left; } .text-summary__text--right { text-align: right; } .simple-p-tag { color: #444; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0; } .simple-p-tag--large { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; } .simple-header--serif-light-italic { font-style: italic; line-height: inherit; } .inline-html { display: block; } .drop-capped { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; border: 2px solid #444; color: #444; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; float: left; font-size: 58px; font-weight: bold; height: 84px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin: 8px 10px 4px 0; text-transform: uppercase; width: 84px; } .drop-capped--worklife { border-color: #8beed9; } .drop-capped--future { border-color: #ffc857; } .drop-capped--culture { border-color: #444; } .drop-capped--earth { border-color: #002856; } .drop-capped--travel { border-color: #002856; } .drop-capped--desktop { margin-right: 24px; } .close-nav { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; position: relative; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .close-nav__icon { color: #fff; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 20px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .close-nav:hover .close-nav__icon { color: #cecece; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .close-nav__label { display: inline-block; margin-right: 12px; } .nav-label { color: #4e4e4e; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin: auto; max-width: 1280px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .nav-label:hover { color: #8e8e8e; } .nav-label--menu { color: #ebebeb; } .nav-label--menu:hover { color: #cecece; } .nav-label--white { color: #fff; } .nav-label--curiousSans { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; } .nav-links__link { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; padding-right: 24px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; } .nav-links__link--active p { border-bottom: 2px solid #002856; font-weight: bold; } .nav-links__link--active--menu p { border-bottom: unset; } .nav-links__link--active--worklife p { border-bottom: 2px solid #0052a1; } .nav-links__link--active--culture p { border-bottom: 2px solid #472479; } .nav-links__link--active--earth p { border-bottom: 2px solid #0fbb56; } .nav-links__link--active--travel p { border-bottom: 2px solid #589e50; } .nav-links__icon { background-color: #0052a1; bottom: 10px; height: 2px; position: absolute; width: 80px; } .nav-links__link--menu { display: block; padding-right: unset; } .nav-links__icon--menu { display: none; } .nav-links__icon--menu-tablet { width: 60px; } .nav-links__icon--worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .nav-links__icon--future { background-color: #002856; } .nav-links__icon--culture { background-color: #472479; } .nav-links__icon--earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .nav-links__icon--travel { background-color: #589e50; } .nav-links__link--menu p { font-size: 26px; padding: 0 0 32px 24px; } .nav-links__link--menu-desktop p { font-size: 32px; line-height: 42px; padding: 0 0 44px 100px; } .burger-nav { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #0052a1; cursor: pointer; font-size: 20px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .burger-nav--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .burger-nav--future { color: #002856; } .burger-nav--culture { color: #472479; } .burger-nav--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .burger-nav--travel { color: #589e50; } .burger-nav--medium { font-size: 16px; } .burger-nav--small { font-size: 12px; } .nav-menu { background-color: #0052a1; display: block; height: 100%; left: 0; min-height: 100vh; opacity: 0.98; overflow: auto; position: fixed; top: 0; width: 100vw; } .nav-menu--worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .nav-menu--future { background-color: #002856; } .nav-menu--culture { background-color: #472479; } .nav-menu--earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .nav-menu--travel { background-color: #589e50; } .nav-menu__close-nav { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin: auto; max-width: 1280px; padding: 16px 8px 60px; } .nav-menu__close-nav--desktop { padding: 20px 16px 70px; } .nav-menu__sponsored { background-color: rgba(34, 34, 34, 0.5); height: 100%; margin-bottom: 32px; } .nav-menu__sponsored--desktop { margin-bottom: 44px; } .nav-menu__sponsored-container { padding: 20px 16px 16px 24px; } .nav-menu__sponsored--desktop-container { margin: auto; max-width: 1264px; padding: 20px 16px 20px 100px; } .nav-menu__follow-us { padding: 52px 0 34px; } .ad-slot { display: inline-block; } .ad-slot__container { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .ad-slot__label { max-width: 120px; min-width: 112px; padding-right: 8px; text-align: right; } .ad-slot--leaderboard { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .ad-slot__label--mpu, .ad-slot__label--leaderboard { margin-bottom: 8px; max-width: unset; padding-right: unset; text-align: right; } .ad-slot__container--mpu, .ad-slot__container--leaderboard { display: inline-block; -ms-flex-wrap: unset; flex-wrap: unset; } .ad-slot__fake--sponsor { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 31px; min-width: 88px; } .ad-slot__fake--mpu { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 250px; min-width: 300px; } .ad-slot__fake--mpu-large { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 600px; min-width: 300px; } .ad-slot__fake--leaderboard-large { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 90px; min-width: 728px; } .ad-slot__fake--leaderboard-medium { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 50px; min-width: 320px; } .ad-slot__fake--leaderboard-small { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 50px; min-width: 300px; } .ad-slot__label--dark { color: #dcdcdc; } .ad-slot--dark { background-color: #f6f6f6; padding: 8px; } .ad-slot--black { background-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.8); padding: 8px; } .open-nav { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; padding: 0; position: relative; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .open-nav__icon { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .open-nav__label { display: inline-block; margin-right: 12px; } .play-icon { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .play-icon--red { color: #f00; } .play-icon--grey { color: #999; } .play-icon--medium { font-size: 16px; } .play-icon--large { font-size: 20px; } .camera-icon { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .camera-icon--red { color: #f00; } .camera-icon--grey { color: #999; } .camera-icon--medium { font-size: 16px; } .camera-icon--large { font-size: 20px; } .nav-build-bar { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: auto; margin: auto; max-width: 1280px; width: 100%; } .nav-build-bar--mobile { height: auto; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; } .nav-build-bar--mobile .nav-build-bar__title-content { white-space: pre-wrap; } .nav-build-bar--tablet { height: 58px; } .nav-build-bar--desktop { height: 60px; } .nav-build-bar__links { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; margin-left: auto; overflow: hidden; } .nav-build-bar__sponsored-brand { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-left: 8px; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; } .nav-build-bar__sponsored-brand--no-brand { margin-left: 0; } .nav-build-bar__branding { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding: 0 8px 0 0; } .nav-build-bar__branding--tablet { padding: 0 30px 0 0; } .nav-build-bar__branding--desktop { padding: 0 80px 0 0; } .nav-build-bar__title-content { border: 1.78px solid; color: #444; font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold; margin: unset; padding: 8px; width: -webkit-fit-content; width: -moz-fit-content; width: fit-content; } .nav-build-bar__title-content--tablet { font-size: 24px; white-space: nowrap; } .nav-build-bar__title-content--desktop { font-size: 28px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 48px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav-button { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding-left: 8px; } .nav-build-bar__sponsored { background-color: #f6f6f6; border: 1px solid #d3d3d3; height: 48px; padding: 0 16px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav--desktop { padding-right: 16px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav--mobile { -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; max-width: 100px; width: 100%; } .styled-dot { background-color: #5ae9cb; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; height: 6px; width: 6px; } .styled-dot--no-cursor { cursor: unset; } .styled-dot--medium { -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; height: 10px; width: 10px; } .styled-dot--dark-blue { background-color: #193e6d; } .styled-dot--purple { background-color: #362e67; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--black { background-color: #000; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--grey-green { background-color: #008e9b; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--dark-green { background-color: #589e50; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--worklife { background-color: #8beed9; } .styled-dot--future { background-color: #ffc857; } .styled-dot--culture { background-color: #472479; } .styled-dot--earth { background-color: #002856; } .styled-dot--travel { background-color: #002856; } .styled-dot--worklife-prime { background-color: #0052a1; } .styled-dot--future-prime { background-color: #002856; } .styled-dot--culture-prime { background-color: #472479; } .styled-dot--earth-prime { background-color: #0fbb56; } .styled-dot--travel-prime { background-color: #589e50; } .styled-dot--large { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); height: 16px; width: 16px; } .styled-dot--small { -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; height: 8px; width: 8px; } .styled-dot--grey { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); } .info-icon { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .info-icon--red { color: #f00; } .info-icon--grey { color: #999; } .info-icon--medium { font-size: 16px; } .info-icon--large { font-size: 20px; } .email-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 11px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .email-icon:hover { background-color: #000; } .email-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .facebook-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 15px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .facebook-icon:hover { background-color: #3b5998; } .facebook-icon--blue { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #3b5998; color: #3b5998; } .facebook-icon--blue:hover { background-color: #3b5998; color: #fff; } .facebook-icon--white { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #fff; color: #fff; } .facebook-icon--white:hover { background-color: #fff; color: #3b5998; } .facebook-icon--small { font-size: 20px; height: 38px; width: 38px; } .hero-header { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .hero-header__header { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; color: #fff; font-size: 38px; line-height: 40px; margin: 0; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.7); } .hero-header__header--large { font-size: 44px; line-height: 48px; } .hero-header__header--medium { font-size: 38px; line-height: 47px; } .hero-header__header--small { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; } .hero-header__header--black { color: #000; text-shadow: unset; } .hero-header__header--grey { color: #adadad; text-shadow: unset; } .ticked-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #13de99; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .ticked-icon--small { font-size: 12px; height: 38px; width: 38px; } .google-plus-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 26px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .google-plus-icon:hover { background-color: #d34836; } .google-plus-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .linkedin-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 13px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .linkedin-icon:hover { background-color: #0077b5; } .linkedin-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .reddit-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 26px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .reddit-icon:hover { background-color: #ff4500; } .reddit-icon__hide { display: none; } .reddit-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .share-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; color: #444; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; letter-spacing: 3px; padding: 18px 16px; text-transform: uppercase; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; width: 110px; z-index: 55; } .share-button .gelicon--share { margin-right: 10px; -webkit-transition: 0.3s ease-in; transition: 0.3s ease-in; } .share-button:hover .gelicon--share, .share-button .gelicon--share-sharing { -webkit-transform: rotate(-180deg); transform: rotate(-180deg); } .twitter-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 13px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .twitter-icon:hover { background-color: #1da1f2; } .twitter-icon--light-blue { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #1da1f2; color: #1da1f2; } .twitter-icon--light-blue:hover { background-color: #1da1f2; color: #fff; } .twitter-icon--white { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #fff; color: #fff; } .twitter-icon--white:hover { background-color: #fff; color: #1da1f2; } .twitter-icon--small { font-size: 18px; height: 38px; width: 38px; } .whatsapp-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 13px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .whatsapp-icon:hover { background-color: #25d366; } .whatsapp-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; }html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; } #root *, #root *::before, #root *::after { box-sizing: border-box; } #root article, #root aside, #root figure, #root footer, #root header, #root nav, #root section { display: block; } body { background: #fff; } .app__body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 100vh; overflow: visible; position: relative; } .app__domestic-disclaimer { bottom: 0; position: fixed; width: 100%; z-index: 5000; } .main { display: flex; flex: 1 0 auto; flex-direction: column; } .navigation { background-color: #fff; display: none; margin: auto; max-width: 1248px; padding: 4px 16px 0; position: relative; z-index: 1000; } @media (min-width: 1008px) and (max-width: 1279px) { .navigation { max-width: 976px; } } @media (min-width: 600px) { .navigation { padding: 0 16px 1px; } } @media (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1007px) { .navigation { max-width: 990px; } } @media (min-width: 300px) and (max-width: 399px) { .navigation { padding: 4px 8px; } } .navigation--display { display: block; } .navigation-sticky--undocked { background-color: #fff; width: 100%; z-index: 10000; } .StickyElement { position: relative; z-index: 1501; } .loader { display: none; height: 100%; left: -99999px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; top: 0; transition: 0.2s opacity; width: 100%; z-index: 1000; } .loader--is-active { background: white; display: block; left: 0; opacity: 1; } .loader__body { display: none; left: 50%; position: fixed; top: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%); } .loader__body--show-loader { display: block; } .no-js .loader { display: none; } .vertical-index { display: flex; flex: 1 0 auto; flex-direction: column; } .vertical-index__collection-swimlane { min-height: 400px; } .vertical-index .article-hero__content { margin-top: 106px; padding-left: 25px; } .vertical-index__full-width-ad { background-color: #f1f1f1; padding: 25px; } .vertical-index__latest-articles { margin-top: 35px; } .vertical-index__latest-articles--mobile { margin-top: 28px; } .vertical-index__storyworks-section { margin: auto; max-width: 1248px; padding: 16px 0 0; } @media (min-width: 1008px) { .vertical-index__storyworks-section { padding: 16px 16px 0; } } @media (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1007px) { .vertical-index__storyworks-section { margin: auto; max-width: 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class="article-title-card-rectangle__link article-title-card-rectangle__text-container" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers"><h2 class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header b-font-weight-300">The Asian docility myth</h2></a><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--worklife styled-line--height--small"></div></span><p class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author b-font-family-serif">By Christine Ro </p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__articles rectangle-story-group__articles--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="‘Why does anyone have to go back?’" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::2"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="File image of masked worker in an office" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p08nl430.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p08nl430.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p08nl430.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08nl430.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p08nl430.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p08nl430.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08nl430.jpg" alt="File image of masked worker in an office" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/columns/confined-grind"><span>Confined Grind</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening"><span>‘Why does anyone have to go back?’</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Rachel Mishael</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The Swedish staycation obsession" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::3"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="According to national statistics, around 20% of Swedes own a summer cottage, while 50% have access to one via friends or family (Credit: Stalin Sathitharan Veerakumar)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p08nl2w6.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p08nl2w6.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p08nl2w6.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08nl2w6.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p08nl2w6.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p08nl2w6.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08nl2w6.jpg" alt="According to national statistics, around 20% of Swedes own a summer cottage, while 50% have access to one via friends or family (Credit: Stalin Sathitharan Veerakumar)" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/work-life-balance"><span>Work-life balance</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession"><span>The Swedish staycation obsession</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Maddy Savage</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The online ‘productivity gyms’" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::4"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="(Credit: Alamy)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p08ngz84.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p08ngz84.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p08ngz84.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08ngz84.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p08ngz84.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p08ngz84.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08ngz84.jpg" alt="(Credit: Alamy)" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/productivity"><span>Productivity</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity"><span>The online ‘productivity gyms’</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Claire Turrell</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vertical-index__full-width-image-article"><div class="full-width-image-article" data-bbc-container="full-width-image-article" data-bbc-title="Is this the supermarket of the future?" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"full-width-image-article","CHD":"card::1"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="full-width-image-article__container"><div class="full-width-image-article__image"><img draggable="false" title="One Canadian startup seeks to combine a brick-and-mortar market with delivery apps that have gained popularity in the pandemic (Credit: Grocery Neighbour)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p08k3t16.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p08k3t16.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p08k3t16.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08k3t16.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p08k3t16.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p08k3t16.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 420px) 100vw, 150vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08k3t16.jpg" alt="One Canadian startup seeks to combine a brick-and-mortar market with delivery apps that have gained popularity in the pandemic (Credit: Grocery Neighbour)" id=""/><div class="full-width-image-article__background"></div></div><div class="full-width-image-article__text"><a class="full-width-image-article__link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/two-metre-economy"><span class="full-width-image-article-text__label b-reith-sans-font">Two-Metre Economy</span></a><a class="full-width-image-article__link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping"><h2 class="full-width-image-article-text__header b-reith-sans-font b-font-weight-300">Is this the supermarket of the future?</h2></a><p class="full-width-image-article-text__author b-font-family-serif b-font-weight-300">By Anna Rahmanan</p></div></div></div></div><div class="vertical-index__latest-articles vertical-index__latest-articles--mobile"><div class="latest-articles__container latest-articles__rectangle latest-articles__container--tablet"><p class="latest-articles__editor b-reith-sans-font latest-articles__editor--tablet">Hot Topics</p><div class="latest-articles__articles latest-articles__articles--tablet latest-articles__articles--tablet-rectangle latest-articles__articles--mobile-rectangle"><div class="rectangle-story-group"><div class="rectangle-story-group__articles-container"><div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article-hero rectangle-story-group__article-hero--tablet" data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="Imposter syndrome's prime target?" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::1"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle b-reith-sans-font"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__container"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__image"><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder"><img draggable="false" title="(Credit: Alamy)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p08ls6f8.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p08ls6f8.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p08ls6f8.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08ls6f8.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p08ls6f8.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p08ls6f8.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 420px) 100vw, 150vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08ls6f8.jpg" alt="(Credit: Alamy)" id=""/><span class="article-title-card-rectangle__overlay article-title-card-rectangle__overlay--worklife"></span></a></div><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box"><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link article-title-card-rectangle__text-container" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/inequality"><span class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--worklife">Inequality</span></a><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link article-title-card-rectangle__text-container" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder"><h2 class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header b-font-weight-300">Imposter syndrome's prime target?</h2></a><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--worklife styled-line--height--small"></div></span><p class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author b-font-family-serif">By Sheryl Nance-Nash</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__articles rectangle-story-group__articles--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The secrets of succeeding at any goal" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::2"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="Thomas Edison’s inventions weren’t just strokes of genuis – they were the result of disciplined and strategic thinking and testing (Credit: Alamy)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p08lh6qv.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p08lh6qv.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p08lh6qv.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08lh6qv.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p08lh6qv.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p08lh6qv.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08lh6qv.jpg" alt="Thomas Edison’s inventions weren’t just strokes of genuis – they were the result of disciplined and strategic thinking and testing (Credit: Alamy)" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/psychology"><span>Psychology</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal"><span>The secrets of succeeding at any goal</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By David Robson</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The nation doubling arts-degree fees" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::3"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="File image of graduates at the University of Melbourne" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p08m10fg.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p08m10fg.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p08m10fg.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08m10fg.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p08m10fg.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p08m10fg.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08m10fg.jpg" alt="File image of graduates at the University of Melbourne" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/student"><span>Student</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history"><span>The nation doubling arts-degree fees</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Anisa Purbasari Horton</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet" data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The lessons hiding in our failures" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::4"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures" data-bbc-client-routed="true"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--worklife"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="(Credit: Alamy)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/189x106/p08h4w5r.jpg 189w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/304x171/p08h4w5r.jpg 304w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p08h4w5r.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08h4w5r.jpg 976w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p08h4w5r.jpg 1280w, https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p08h4w5r.jpg 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 70vw, 100vw" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817102720im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p08h4w5r.jpg" alt="(Credit: Alamy)" id=""/><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--worklife"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--worklife" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/20150401-psychology"><span>Psychology</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20200817102720/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures"><span>The lessons hiding in our failures</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--dark-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Christian Jarrett</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vertical-index__most-popular-container"><div class="most-popular"><div 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9","creationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","entity":"","guid":"","id":"p07src56","modifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","project":"","slug":"","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20200817102720\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fychef.files.bbci.co.uk\u002F$recipe\u002Fp07src56.jpg","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041139}},"articles":{"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive","_id":"5f31355483a9c060439cf281","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Cities don’t cater to cyclists equally. Will the Covid-19 biking boom help create a more inclusive environment?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ECycling has flourished during Covid-19. Many people nervous about public transport or making greater use of their local areas have been getting around on two (or three) wheels. In the UK, some cycle shops have found it hard to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-52564351\"\u003Ekeep up with the demand\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. In China, Beijing’s bike-share system was used \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ffuture\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-are-we-witnessing-the-death-of-the-car\"\u003E150% more in March\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, while cycling traffic in Dundee, Scotland \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ffuture\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-are-we-witnessing-the-death-of-the-car\"\u003Egrew by 94% in April\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELocal governments have responded to the interest by carving out pop-up bike lanes in many cities \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fthecityfix.com\u002Fblog\u002Fcovid-19-affect-cities-years-4-ways-theyre-coping-now-schuyler-null-hillary-smith\u002F\"\u003Eincluding Bogotá\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Brussels has \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.brusselstimes.com\u002Fbrussels\u002F107383\u002Fcoronavirus-city-of-brussels-lowers-speed-limit-to-20-km-h\u002F\"\u003Elowered speed limits\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for drivers. Paris has \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F12\u002Fbusiness\u002Fparis-bicycles-commute-coronavirus.html\"\u003Esubsidised e-bike purchases and reimbursed bike repairs\u003C\u002Fa\u003E as well as created more bike parking spaces. And in many places, reduced traffic has encouraged \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fescholarship.org\u002Fuc\u002Fitem\u002F37s8b56q\"\u003Einexperienced cyclists who might shun busier roads\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe pandemic has shown that with will and resources, change can happen fast. Yet fast typically doesn’t mean thoughtful. Even before Covid-19, the voices involved in discussions about cycling infrastructure \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fescholarship.org\u002Fuc\u002Fitem\u002F37s8b56q\"\u003Eoften lacked diversity\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of race, gender, class, physical ability and even cycling style. Without widening consultation to include a broader range of perspectives, it’s not clear whether any post-pandemic shift to urban cycling will lead to greater inclusivity.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The pandemic has shown that with will and resources, change can happen fast. Yet fast typically doesn’t mean thoughtful","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPerceptions and stereotypes\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn general, cities don’t cater to cyclists equally. From \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F26\u002Fclimate\u002Fcities-cars-traffic-congestion.html\"\u003ENew York\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fblogs.worldbank.org\u002Ftransport\u002Fpandemic-cities-are-scrambling-expand-cycling-infrastructure-big-data-can-help\"\u003EBogotá\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, bike lanes and bike-share docking stations, if they exist, tend to be located in whiter, wealthier neighbourhoods.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECycling infrastructure is often a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.research.manchester.ac.uk\u002Fportal\u002Fen\u002Fpublications\u002Fcyclescapes-of-the-unequal-city(09ffb344-eab2-492f-89b6-39cf2cc6fb1f).html\"\u003Ecomponent of gentrification\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, as cities attempt to woo the kinds of upwardly mobile professionals who are attracted to areas with such amenities. “The dominant approach has been a gentrification model of associating bicycle development with urban renewal projects,” says Adonia Lugo, a cultural anthropologist who researches urban cycling at Antioch University in Los Angeles.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet this favours the kinds of cyclists officials want to see, rather than the kinds of cyclists already depending on bikes. White-collar workers with helmets, high-vis vests and bright lights might be especially conspicuous in city centres, but they’re not the majority. In the US, low-income people are more likely than well-off hipsters to cycle to work. As of 2015, about half of US cyclists \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.governing.com\u002Ftopics\u002Ftransportation-infrastructure\u002Fmemo-to-cities-most-cyclists-arent-urban-hipsters.html\"\u003Eearned less than $25,000 per year\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHistorically, a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bloomberg.com\u002Fnews\u002Farticles\u002F2018-07-19\u002Ffor-bike-equity-look-past-infrastructure\"\u003Esmall elite of cyclists\u003C\u002Fa\u003E has influenced cycling policies. Traditionally members of recreational cycle clubs, these impassioned, well-meaning cyclists have the clout to cultivate relationships with local officials. They’ve tended to advocate for policies that benefit them, but don’t necessarily work for people with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftheconversation.com\u002Fbike-friendly-cities-should-be-designed-for-everyone-not-just-for-wealthy-white-cyclists-109485\"\u003Edifferent backgrounds, needs and neighbourhood realities\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. And because urban and transport planning have been mostly \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnextcity.org\u002Fdaily\u002Fentry\u002Fplanning-accreditation-board-diversity-urban-planning\"\u003Eniche, homogeneous professions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, planners have traditionally had more in common with these privileged cyclists than with other kinds of bike riders.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn London, the common perception that cycling is dominated by a particular demographic – well-off male professionals who can afford specialist bikes and performance clothing – can lead to stereotyping based on income, race and gender. There may be some grounds for this – in 2017, only 27% of current cycle trips in London were made by women and 15% by BAME individuals, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.co.uk\u002Farticle\u002Fcycling-london-city-centre-bikes-cycle-superhighway\"\u003Eaccording to a Transport for London report\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. A \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fresearchonline.lshtm.ac.uk\u002F1179\u002F1\u002FCycling_and_the_city_published_author_copy.pdf\"\u003E2011 report by public health researchers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E showed a circular effect of the belief that cycling is only for affluent white men. For instance, “the very invisibility of Black and Asian cyclists reduces their opportunities to see cycling as a candidate mode of transport”.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBehavioural and institutional patterns, as well as infrastructure, can make new cyclists feel welcome. In the US, aggressive policing disproportionately targets immigrant, black, low-income cyclists. For example, a\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsparq.stanford.edu\u002Fopd-reports\"\u003E study in Oakland\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, where 28% of the population is black, showed that 60% of cyclists pulled over by the police were black. Similar patterns have been reported for other US cities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"In the US, low-income people are more likely than well-off hipsters to cycle to work","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis may not deter people cycling out of necessity, but skewed policing contributes to skewed perceptions about the kinds of cycling that are ideal. It also leads to stigmatisation \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftheconversation.com\u002Fbike-friendly-cities-should-be-designed-for-everyone-not-just-for-wealthy-white-cyclists-109485\"\u003Eand reduced safety\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of certain groups. This neglects the reasons for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5011068\u002F\"\u003Eracial disparities in helmet wearing\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, for instance. And in one example of environmental injustice, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002F2020\u002F07\u002F05\u002F887386869\u002Fhow-transportation-racism-shaped-america\"\u003Ehighways in the US have been disproportionately sited in ethnic-minority areas\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. This has limited the space for cycling and made one vilified behaviour – cycling on the pavement – more common in some areas. Overall, putting the onus on individual cyclists to make themselves safe by outfitting themselves with accessories shifts responsibility away from city authorities for designing safer streets.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA more inclusive model\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe picture is very different in The Netherlands, which famously has more bikes than people. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.government.nl\u002Fdocuments\u002Freports\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F01\u002Fcycling-facts-2018\"\u003E27% of trips made by Dutch residents\u003C\u002Fa\u003E are by bike (compared to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.government.nl\u002Fdocuments\u002Freports\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F01\u002Fcycling-facts-2018\"\u003Eunder 1% of daily trips in the US\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). It’s a nation in which cycling is more inclusive than other countries – though as pointed out by Isabelle Clement, the director of NGO Wheels for Wellbeing, that inclusiveness has sometimes been more accidental than deliberate.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUnlike in cities like Los Angeles, in Amsterdam “no one associates going by bike with poverty”, according to Lia Karsten, an urban geographer at the University of Amsterdam. Nor is cycling necessarily a marker of affluence. This is the result of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fmagazine-23587916\"\u003Edecades of sustained policy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, including devoting a great deal of space to cycling on the roads, in the laws, in parking spaces and even in school curricula. And it’s eased by Amsterdam’s relatively flat and compact geography.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn part because of the large number of parents who use cargo bikes, for instance, easy turning circles, step-free lifts and larger bike shelters are common. These kinds of design features benefit not just parents toting kids, but also people with bigger adaptive cycles and delivery cyclists – showing the complementarities of inclusive design. Nor is it standard to associate cycling with a certain kind of physical prowess. Fewer than 1% of Dutch cyclists wear helmets, in a country where casual, everyday cycling has been called \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vox.com\u002Fscience-and-health\u002F2018\u002F8\u002F28\u002F17789510\u002Fbike-cycling-netherlands-dutch-infrastructure\"\u003E“a form of walking-with-wheels”\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EKarsten says that cycling in the Netherlands spans income classes, although there are differences across ethnicity and cultural backgrounds. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11116-019-09978-6\"\u003EImmigrants (particularly immigrant women) tend to cycle less\u003C\u002Fa\u003E than people born in the Netherlands, in part because the foreign-born have less exposure to cycling from a young age.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Putting the onus on individual cyclists to make themselves safe by outfitting themselves with accessories shifts responsibility away from city authorities for designing safer streets","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnd according to Karsten, one effect of the pandemic has been to exacerbate an existing issue in Amsterdam: overcrowding in bike lanes. This has made middle-class parents, and increasingly working-class parents, nervous about children (and elderly people) using bike lanes independently. Karsten hopes that increased attention to packed bike lanes will encourage policymakers to devote less space to cars.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOverall, however, there are numerous benefits from the normalisation of cycling. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4504332\u002F\"\u003EOne study estimates\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that cycling has contributed a half-year to Dutch life expectancy, with health benefits that represent over 3% of Dutch GDP, and that residents cycle most in their late 60s. Though imperfect, the Dutch model suggests that more inclusive cycling can be developed by making cycling appealing and accessible to people of all income groups, and by taking the long view.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETurning a boom into a cultural shift\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPartly inspired by the Dutch model, the UK government \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-53558629\"\u003Eannounced on 28 July\u003C\u002Fa\u003E a £2bn ($2.58bn) plan to make the UK more cyclist- and pedestrian-friendly. The plan includes bike repair vouchers, enhanced lorry safety standards, and the creation of additional “mini Hollands”. However, the opposition Labour Party has criticised this plan for being too slow to come into effect.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut being able to take long view can feel like a luxury during these uncertain days. Some urban planners are frank about inclusion being a casualty of the rapidly implemented bike measures. During a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnla.london\u002Fevents\u002Fuk-dialogue-how-are-uk-cities-adapting-their-streets-for-active-travel\"\u003Erecent online discussion\u003C\u002Fa\u003E on how UK cities are being adapted for active travel, Mel Cazzato, a cycling planner for Transport for London, acknowledged, “We don’t always have the time to consult that we did before in the normal way. Your average cycle route previously used to take several years to plan and deliver. But you’ve had to find innovative ways to compress these timescales into months and in some cases weeks.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet as lockdowns ease, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Famp\u002Fuk-53105020\"\u003Emore lasting changes will be needed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to ensure that people continue riding (and thus that cities continue to benefit from cleaner air, fewer road deaths and healthier residents). This could include physically separating cycles from cars – rather than simply marking streets to temporarily designate bike paths\u002Fmobility lanes. More secure barriers will be especially important to keep women riding as motorists return to the road. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ffuture\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-are-we-witnessing-the-death-of-the-car\"\u003EMilan\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.seattletimes.com\u002Fseattle-news\u002Ftransportation\u002Fseattle-will-permanently-close-20-miles-of-residential-streets-to-most-vehicle-traffic\u002F\"\u003ESeattle\u003C\u002Fa\u003E are among the cities making bike-friendly changes permanent.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EClement, of Wheels for Wellbeing, is advocating for some more thoughtful planning at this stage of the pandemic. A \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handcycling.org.uk\u002F\"\u003Ehandcyclist\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, she’s one of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Furl?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiE8d6Vm7PqAhWJUxUIHXtWCVsQFjAAegQIBRAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.tfl.gov.uk%2Fdisabled-people.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0u9MhZbKNBO7ctxMjpXtOH\"\u003E66% of disabled people in London who are able to ride a bike\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (although adaptive cycles tend to be expensive). She’s frustrated that transport planners and engineers don’t seem to consider that “cyclists are not all cycling on two wheels and are not all young 20 to 40-year-old males”. A lack of ramps and dropped kerbs are examples.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShe argues that in mobility planning during Covid-19, “disabled people seem to have been forgotten pretty much, because it’s all been done in a rush”. Wheels for Wellbeing are calling for local authorities to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwheelsforwellbeing.org.uk\u002Fcampaigning\u002Fdisabled-peoples-mobility-needs-and-post-lockdown-recovery\u002F\"\u003Econsult and be responsive to people with disabilities\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the post-lockdown recovery, “because otherwise you’re just piling on inequality and inequality, and excluding people from their own environment” – that is, keeping people from being able to use the streets and public spaces in their own neighbourhoods.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo post-lockdown cycling planning has to grapple with complex legacies. Recent history offers some lessons. Lugo says that after the Great Recession that began in 2007, urban cycling boomed. Yet as the economy improved, many people shifted transport modes away from cycling; “a boom movement doesn’t necessarily translate into a cultural shift”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet she does believe that as countries begin easing out of lockdown, there’s an opportunity for cycling advocates to model more inclusive forms of cycling development. It’s long overdue to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pps.org\u002Farticle\u002Fessential-places-warren-logan-on-open-streets-beyond-brunch-and-bike-lanes\"\u003Eactually listen to residents\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – all groups of residents – when redesigning city mobility. This would help to overcome the blind spots that Clement, Lugo and others have witnessed in transport planners. Lugo says of bike development planning, “I’m hoping that now there can be some more reflection about whether that’s a strategy that changes, that breaks with our past in terms of planning practices that leave out marginalised communities, or whether that’s kind of a continuation.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive-12"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-07-30T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Will Covid-19 make urban cycling more inclusive?","headlineShort":"Is the Covid-19 bike boom inclusive?","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Cities don’t cater to cyclists equally. Will the Covid-19 biking boom help create a more inclusive environment?","summaryShort":"Cities favour particular kinds of cyclists. Can a pandemic change that?","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-07-29T19:59:19.847335Z","entity":"article","guid":"1108c2da-12a9-4cb9-b58a-f86186736ddf","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive","modifiedDateTime":"2020-07-29T19:59:19.847335Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041126},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives","_id":"5f31355783a9c060439d0a31","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"As working mums perform more childcare and face increased job insecurity, there are fears Covid-19 has undone decades of advancement. But could the pandemic be a catalyst for progress?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EPregnant and with two children under the age of six, Anna Xavier was recently so stressed about juggling work and life she threatened to move out of the family home and find her own apartment. “I am now 33 weeks, huge and super tired – housework has been a struggle,” says the entrepreneur, who quit a corporate career with a cosmetics brand to start a baby-equipment business in Stockholm a year ago.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESince the coronavirus pandemic hit the Nordics, Xavier’s husband, who works for a company that produces protective equipment, has joined her in working from home. The couple also took their children out of daycare (which has largely remained open in Sweden) for several months, due to worries about how the coronavirus could affect expectant mothers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut the situation created “huge amounts of frustration”, as Xavier, who splits household bills equally with her partner, shouldered the bulk of the childcare, cooking and cleaning, while he spent most of his days in video meetings. “We agreed that his job did take priority because he was helping the Swedish government and hospitals get equipment that could potentially save lives,” she explains. At home, “his job was at the end of the day to pack the dishwasher and stuff like that, which he didn't always do,” says Xavier.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe couple have since sent their children back to daycare and hired a cleaner to avoid further arguments. But by being the primary caregiver during the peak of the pandemic, 44-year-old Xavier has fallen behind on her own business goals. “I have not been able to devote so much time to it... I still feel a little bit under pressure because I’d wanted to get as much done as possible before the baby arrives,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnpaid labour at home\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt the beginning of the pandemic, there were high hopes that the global shift to home-working could mean childcare and chores would be divided more equally within couples. But numerous studies of working parents’ lives during Covid-19 have shown that Xavier’s experience is far from unique: a disproportionate share of the burden is still falling on women. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bcg.com\u002Fpublications\u002F2020\u002Fhelping-working-parents-ease-the-burden-of-covid-19.aspx\"\u003EBoston Consulting Group\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which surveyed more than 3,000 people in the US and Europe, found that working women currently spend an average of 15 hours a week more on unpaid domestic labour than men. In Australia, provisional results of a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmelbourneuni.au1.qualtrics.com\u002Fjfe\u002Fform\u002FSV_8d0AaumfQREdjYp\"\u003Esurvey by the University of Melbourne\u003C\u002Fa\u003E suggest that in households with children, parents are putting in an extra six hours a day of care and supervision, with women taking on more than two-thirds of the extra time.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Covid-19 has the potential to be a disaster for equality - Caroline Whaley","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis pattern is occurring regardless of income. Research by \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inet.econ.cam.ac.uk\u002Fresearch-papers\u002Fwp-abstracts?wp=2018\"\u003Escientists from the universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Zurich\u003C\u002Fa\u003E during March and April showed that working women in the UK, Germany and the US did more childcare and home-schooling across all wage brackets, compared to men with similar earnings. The difference was amplified in couples where the man worked outside the household during the pandemic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThat’s been the experience of Tina Rehana, a 28-year-old dance teacher from Manchester. Her partner is unable to work from home, so she has been the primary caregiver for her two young children throughout the Covid-19 outbreak.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I literally cannot do a thing with them both around 24\u002F7... I tried one private lesson on Zoom and my kids kept running in and out, arguing,” she says. “I have absolutely no income from my dance school because it is just impossible.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘Family systems are regressing’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDespite lockdowns easing around the world, many campaigners believe there will be a long-term impact on women’s work and home lives as a result of the coronavirus. A recent \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.unwomen.org\u002F-\u002Fmedia\u002Fheadquarters\u002Fattachments\u002Fsections\u002Flibrary\u002Fpublications\u002F2020\u002Fpolicy-brief-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-women-en.pdf\"\u003EUnited Nations\u003C\u002Fa\u003E study even warned that the pandemic could dilute decades of advancement on gender equality.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Covid-19 has the potential to be a disaster for equality,” agrees Caroline Whaley, co-founder of British consultancy firm Shine, which works to improve gender balance in companies. She believes “family systems are regressing” to more traditional norms due to the closure of schools, day-care centres and summer camps. “The ability of many dual-earner couples to both work because someone else is looking after their children is dissolving,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWomen, argues Whaley, are “more frequently the ones to give up their jobs” due to having lower salaries or earning expectations. In the EU, women earn an average \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fec.europa.eu\u002Finfo\u002Fpolicies\u002Fjustice-and-fundamental-rights\u002Fgender-equality\u002Fequal-pay\u002Fgender-pay-gap-situation-eu_en\"\u003E16% less an hour\u003C\u002Fa\u003E than men, while the figure rises to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdata.census.gov\u002Fcedsci\u002Ftable?q=s2412&hidePreview=true&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S2412&vintage=2018&g=0100000US.04000.001\"\u003E18% in the US\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and is substantially higher in South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, according to data from the \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww3.weforum.org\u002Fdocs\u002FWEF_GGGR_2020.pdf\"\u003EWorld Economic Forum\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fec.europa.eu\u002Feurostat\u002Fweb\u002Fproducts-eurostat-news\u002F-\u002FDDN-20190918-1?inheritRedirect=true&\"\u003EWomen are also more likely to work part-time\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, typically due to existing childcare or other family responsibilities which, says Whaley, has also fed into many couples’ decisions for mothers, rather than fathers, to step back during Covid-19.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOther industry observers stress that even among full-time high-earning women who have so far maintained their careers while caring for children in the pandemic, many are increasingly concluding that the juggling act is unsustainable. “It’s a trend we’re seeing now, not three months ago,” says Allyson Zimmermann, a Zurich-based executive director for Catalyst, a non-profit that works to improve corporate workplaces for women. “One [major client] shared that she's seen senior women leaving because they just can't do it anymore... I am hearing more women are also going into part time.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EZimmermann works with businesses in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and believes the pattern has emerged in tandem with the global realisation that Covid-19 will likely disrupt our lives for at least another year, unless a vaccine becomes widely available. “It is because [the pandemic] is going to continue – most likely – and there’s not a quick fix.” Despite strong anecdotal evidence of a trend toward senior women quitting their jobs, she says there is little hard international comparative data. But her observations from the business world are already playing out in other fields.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn April, Elizabeth Hannon, deputy editor at The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, caused a stir when she tweeted that women were submitting fewer papers during the coronavirus crisis. “If the disparities we’ve witnessed in submissions to the journal aren’t just a statistical blip, then the obvious conclusion is that women bear the brunt of these disruptions,” she recently told US intellectual site \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnewrepublic.com\u002Farticle\u002F157785\u002Ffemale-scientists-bearing-brunt-quarantine-child-rearing\"\u003EThe New Republic\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Megan Frederickson, an ecologist at the University of Toronto, later looked into the data from scientific publications and confirmed that there had been a marked \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fdrfreder\u002Fpandemic-pub-bias\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002FREADME.md\"\u003Edrop in female productivity\u003C\u002Fa\u003E compared to March and April last year.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA slump in the number of women running for public office is another concern. Ruth McGowan, author of the book Get Elected and a campaigner for increased gender equality in politics, has recently spoken about a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.abc.net.au\u002Fnews\u002F2020-05-24\u002Fcoronavirus-has-set-back-progress-for-women-workplace-equality\u002F12268742\"\u003Edrop in interest\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from female candidates ahead of local elections in Australia.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"A lot of women are looking at it and they're facing economic insecurity and more demands on their home lives,” she told Australian broadcaster \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.abc.net.au\u002Fnews\u002F2020-05-24\u002Fcoronavirus-has-set-back-progress-for-women-workplace-equality\u002F12268742\"\u003EABC\u003C\u002Fa\u003E last month. “Not to mention worries about going out and campaigning where you can't go to public meetings, you can't stand outside supermarkets, you've got to be super savvy to run an online campaign. A lot of them are just going: Stuff it.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EExisting inequalities\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMany women, meanwhile, have stopped working during Covid-19 through no fault of their own. Since they are over-represented in insecure, hourly employment and in sectors hardest hit by the pandemic (such as hospitality, leisure, retail and tourism), female workers have consequently lost their jobs or been furloughed at a higher rate than men.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"A recent United Nations study even warned that the pandemic could dilute decades of advancement on gender equality.","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the US, 11.5m women lost their jobs between February and May, compared to 9m men, according to research by the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pewresearch.org\u002Ffact-tank\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F09\u002Fhispanic-women-immigrants-young-adults-those-with-less-education-hit-hardest-by-covid-19-job-losses\u002F\"\u003EPew Research Center\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. A report from the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ifs.org.uk\u002Fpublications\u002F14879\"\u003EInstitute for Fiscal Studies\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (IFS) showed that British mothers were 23% more likely than fathers to have temporarily or permanently become unemployed during the pandemic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor some women, the coronavirus has also exacerbated other structural inequalities linked to factors such as such as ethnicity, class or disability. The IFS found that black Britons, for example, were less likely than all other ethnic groups to have a job that allowed them to work from home (one possible factor that may have may have contributed to the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fhealth-53035054\"\u003Eincreased risk of catching and dying from Covid-19\u003C\u002Fa\u003E among this group). People under the age of 25, single parents and those with lower levels of education had a higher risk of working for sectors shut down during the UK lockdown.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I'm very exhausted,” says Sharmika Dockery, 25, a single parent living in London with her seven-year-old son. After spending every weekday home-schooling, she works for around three hours an evening on her start-up \u003Cspan\u003EBeyond Strength\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, which develops community projects for parents who have children with disabilities. “Before Covid I was applying and pitching for investments and working on my social enterprise during the day when my son was at school,” she explains. “It's been a struggle to try and get the business to the next level with everything closing down.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDockery has managed to pivot her business to focus on a digital platform. But cancelled events, meetings and networking opportunities mean her only income is her own disability benefits (she experiences chronic pain since undergoing an emergency caesarean section) to pay the bills. Picking up another job would be too challenging, Dockery says, both due to the need to care for her son and the unpredictable nature of her condition. “My health has been very up and down... I can end up bed bound for a few days, hobbling around.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECampaign groups such as Pregnant then Screwed have also highlighted additional challenges women on maternity leave faced during or in the lead-up to the crisis. Self-employed mothers, for example, are losing out because \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-52490025\"\u003Efinancial support packages for self-employed workers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E are often based on average profits over several years, without accounting for periods of maternity leave. New mothers seeking to return to work are impacted by a lack of clarity over the future availability of childcare, sparking petitions in countries including\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.change.org\u002Fp\u002Fscott-morrison-extend-the-government-s-paid-parental-leave-to-pregnant-women-during-the-covid-19-crisis?source_location=topic_page&use_react=false\"\u003E Australia\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmy.uplift.ie\u002Fpetitions\u002Fextend-maternity-leave-and-maternity-benefit\"\u003EIreland\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpetition.parliament.uk\u002Fpetitions\u002F306691\"\u003EUK\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E \u003C\u002Fspan\u003Eto extend state-funded parental leave.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECaroline Whaley, at British consultancy firm Shine, warns that some women’s lifetime earnings will never recover from the prolonged coronavirus crisis. “If you take a career break or are furloughed, your skills may get stale. So will your contacts, making it harder to get back to where you left off,” she argues. “If you’re made redundant and face unemployment, research shows that it's much harder to get back on track if you’re out of a job for more than a couple of months.” Add in that women start to experience age discrimination from their early 40s, says Whaley, and “all this adds up to a perfect storm setting women’s equality back”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGetting back on track?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDepressing as this might seem, there are nonetheless glimmers of hope that the pandemic may yet prove to be a catalyst for change. Although women are still doing the lion’s share of housework and childcare, there is evidence suggesting that men, at least in the western world, have upped their game since Covid-19 hit.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUnpublished research from academics at three Canadian universities found that although most families reported little change in how chores were divided, a substantial number said that things had become more equally split. More than 40% of fathers said they were cooking more, while around 30% reported that they had increased the amount of time they spent on laundry and cleaning. Their partners agreed, although on average they gave slightly lower estimates of how much things had improved. Academic studies from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.uu.nl\u002Fen\u002Fnews\u002Fdivision-of-work-between-fathers-and-mothers-is-changed-by-the-corona-crisis\"\u003Ethe Netherlands\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcontemporaryfamilies.org\u002Fcovid-couples-division-of-labor\u002F\"\u003Ethe US\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fvaeter-ggmbh.de\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F05\u002FPraesentation-Ergebnisse-Blitzumfrage.pdf\"\u003EGermany\u003C\u002Fa\u003E offer similar findings, while performance marketing company \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffluentpulse.com\u002Fcovid-19-working-from-home\u002F\"\u003EFluent\u003C\u002Fa\u003E found that almost two-thirds of men wanted to keep working from home, with increased family time cited as their top reason.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It’s not a huge change, but it is something,” says the University of Toronto’s Melissa Milkie, who co-authored the Canadian study. She believes her team’s research is proof that increasing “actual physical presence” can play a key role in how active fathers are in the household. The absence of commuting time, increased opportunities to interact with children and, for some, shorter working hours, unemployment or furlough during the pandemic may have been “important factors” during Covid-19, says Milkie. “There are just more hours when the child is there... So, in that sense, it makes some sense that they're doing more than in the past.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Working women currently spend an average of 15 hours a week more on unpaid domestic labour than men","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt’s an opinion shared by 39-year-old Roger Dowley from Dublin, who works for a multinational tech company and is the father of two toddlers. His company gave him the chance to work a four-day week during Covid-19, and he reflects that household chores are “in many ways easier to get done now that I’m home more”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHis wife, Una Morrison, a senior brand manager for a global drinks business, recently decided to use up some of the couple’s unpaid parental leave (a legal entitlement in Ireland) to help ease the burden of childcare during the pandemic. But the couple say the decision was based on timing rather than traditional gender roles, since she was between major projects while he had a heavy ongoing workload.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We have agreed that if another batch of parental leave is needed, that he would take it,” says Morrison, who is concerned about day-cares remaining closed in Ireland. “Now that he’s seen how it worked, I hope he will.” Dowley admits he’s worried he might find it a challenge, but confirms that he’s “all open” to time off with the kids. “I’d have no problem asking [my] work, and they’ve been great with me so far... In terms of workload, being honest, it would be there before I leave and there after I leave, if you get me, and I’m sure the company can survive without me for a while!”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMilkie is hopeful that Covid-19 experiences will encourage more couples like Morrison and Dowley to consider gender-balanced childcare solutions in the future. “It is likely that the experience of doing more may portend optimism; this is true when men take paternity leave – they tend to become more involved from that experience.” But she suggests change will likely also depend on future employment rates among women, and how accommodating companies are when it comes to offering longer-term solutions for parents to work flexibly or share leave.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENew conversations\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECaroline Whaley of Shine is among those feeling cautiously positive about opportunities for businesses to harness lessons from Covid-19 to improve working environments in ways that can boost gender equality.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“One very obvious solution is flexibility, a notion that was not backed by many businesses pre-pandemic, which has now become key,” she says. “If done right, flexible working will be a game-changer for women's careers.” Whaley says that for many women, not having to commute during the pandemic has given them more options for how to structure their days, which can help them “boost productivity while maintaining a good work-life blend”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut she argues that business leaders need to do more to create a culture in which increased flexibility and remote working opportunities can thrive in the long run. “Don’t just say it’s okay to be flexible; actively model that behaviour and make it okay for people to take time off, extend deadlines so that there’s longer to complete work.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn Zurich, Allyson Zimmermann also believes “there is potential for a massive change across the board” in the corporate landscape. But she advises against firms creating “blanket rules” for employees, arguing that Covid-19 has forced us all to think more about people’s personal circumstances and what they need in order to work effectively. While some may be coping with childcare demands, others may be living alone, looking after older family members, or managing long-distance relationships, which all have their own unique set of challenges. “Everyone has their own experiences,” says Zimmerman. “We have to get curious and ask questions and challenge assumptions of what the ‘home’ looks like.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOther campaigners, however, are concerned that progress might not be as speedy as optimists hope, especially for women in roles outside the corporate world and those who may be experiencing additional entrenched social inequities connected to factors such as class or ethnic background.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHarriet Williams, who works as a consultant raising awareness of the challenges young parents in the UK face, believes any discussions within the business community need to go hand in hand with greater government efforts to shape more equitable labour markets. “There has always been a penalty on fathers in the home and a penalty for mothers in the workplace,” she says. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWilliams is calling for employment protection laws for those on zero-hour or very flexible contracts, and expanding parental leave opportunities for men as well as women. But, in the meantime, the increased level of debate surrounding existing inequalities is at the very least, she argues, an important first step. “There are a lot of conversations around the family now... It's been quite positive to feel like these conversations are important and people feel really pushed to hear from different demographics.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBack in Stockholm, pregnant entrepreneur Anna Xavier says her partner has started to become “more willing” to take on extra household chores. “I think the ‘new normal’ will be more partners and more husbands helping. People will be working more at home, and by being more at home it provides the perfect opportunity to do more and get things done,” says Xavier. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne ongoing challenge, she says, is that partners can often have different perceptions of how urgent chores might be. “For [my husband], it's fine to wait another day to pack the dishwasher. It doesn't matter if the kitchen is a mess. But then I can't really cook if the kitchen is a mess, because there isn't much space.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShe believes there’s therefore also a need for ongoing discussions – both within households and in society more generally – about what constitutes a fair share of the load. “If you cut the grass once a week, you can’t compare that to cooking every day.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives-16"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"How Covid-19 is changing women’s lives","headlineShort":"How Covid-19 is changing women’s lives","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"As working mums perform more childcare and face increased job insecurity, there are fears Covid-19 has undone decades of advancement. But could the pandemic be a catalyst for progress?","summaryShort":"Has the pandemic reshaped women’s lives more than men's?","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-06-30T21:07:57.582402Z","entity":"article","guid":"63fbdf06-c3bb-4c6c-954d-e30fdf4e34b4","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives","modifiedDateTime":"2020-07-09T06:42:19.05948Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041126},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid","_id":"5f31355783a9c060439d085d","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Whether it's a small balcony, a home garden, or access to a park, outdoor space has long been a luxury for many – not a given. And the pandemic's made it even worse.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMoikgantsi Kgama has seen far too much of her apartment recently. She’s spent the pandemic inside her home in New York’s Harlem neighbourhood, an affordable housing flat which has no balcony, rooftop or private garden. A communications consultant by day and CEO of her own film company on the side, she spends her time working in a tiny home office alongside her husband, who lost his job in the concert industry when coronavirus hit. They’re also home-schooling their son, who’s developed insomnia due to the abrupt lifestyle change. Having no outdoor space makes everything worse.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I don’t have anywhere to go, except outside into the pandemic – which feels extremely scary,” says Kgama. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStudies have long shown \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6651051\u002F\"\u003Ethat access to green or open space is often linked to income\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, particularly in cities. Covid-19 \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.reuters.com\u002Farticle\u002Fusa-spaces-minorities\u002Fprotests-pandemic-pile-pressure-on-u-s-public-space-idUSL8N2DO1RM\"\u003Ehas placed this issue front and centre\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: those with access to balconies, gardens or good, close neighbourhood parks have been benefiting from them during weeks of lockdown, while others have been trapped inside. Kgama says that she could walk to a park, but that would mean making her way through crowds of people gathered on the pavement to throw birthday parties. “You only see that in poor neighbourhoods,” she says. “People haven’t stopped doing that during the pandemic. I walked through one yesterday.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELacking that private outdoor space is something that “defines the haves and have-nots”, she feels. And there’s no guarantee living outside the city is better; poverty is rising in US suburbs and residents of emerging suburbs have \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.brookings.edu\u002Fblog\u002Fthe-avenue\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F21\u002Fparks-make-great-places-but-not-enough-americans-can-reach-them\u002F\"\u003Esome of the lowest park access\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the nation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECovid-19 has shone a harsh light on numerous inequalities in our society. Is access to green space one we can fix?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETrapped inside\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDecades of research have shown that spending time in green space is good for our physical and mental health – including boosting \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F238428905_Why_Is_Nature_BeneficialThe_Role_of_Connectedness_to_Nature\"\u003Eour emotional states and attention spans\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and improving our \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnn.com\u002F2019\u002F11\u002F21\u002Fhealth\u002Fgreen-spaces-life-expectancy-wellness-trnd\u002Findex.html\"\u003Elongevity\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Even a little goes a long way: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.sciencemag.org\u002Fcontent\u002F224\u002F4647\u002F420\"\u003Ea study in the 1980s\u003C\u002Fa\u003E showed that post-surgery patients assigned to hospital rooms with greenery outside recovered faster than those who didn’t have such accommodations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EYet in many cities, outdoor space – whether your own or in terms of proximity to parks – comes at a premium. Last month, a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ons.gov.uk\u002Feconomy\u002Fenvironmentalaccounts\u002Farticles\u002Foneineightbritishhouseholdshasnogarden\u002F2020-05-14\"\u003Estudy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from the Office of National Statistics revealed that one in eight British households had no access to green space at home, whether a private or shared space. That inequity was starker among ethnic groups: in England, black people are almost four times more likely than white people to have no access to private outdoor space. Access to public outdoor space can be a challenge, too: “There are about 100 million people in the US who don’t live within 10 minutes of a park or green space,” says Kimberly Burrowes, a researcher at the Urban Institute, a think tank based in Washington, DC that studies cities. And \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.brookings.edu\u002Fblog\u002Fthe-avenue\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F21\u002Fparks-make-great-places-but-not-enough-americans-can-reach-them\u002F\"\u003Ethe poorer an area is, the worse the park quality\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, even if a park is close by.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"People view nature as an amenity, not as an essential – Lorien Nesbitt","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“People view nature as an amenity, not as an essential,” says Lorien Nesbitt, an assistant professor of urban forestry at the University of British Columbia in Canada. “I think we don’t always view urban nature as important as running water, housing, that kind of thing.” Nesbitt led a study last year \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F328030472_Who_has_access_to_urban_vegetation_A_spatial_analysis_of_distributional_green_equity_in_10_US_cities\"\u003Eexamining green space in 10 major US cities\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Across the board, she says, green space was harder to access in lower-income neighbourhoods and in areas with mostly residents of colour. In general, in richer areas, it’s easier to find any kind of garden, rooftop or balcony greenery, ‘micro parks’ on pavements or city blocks, and even trees, which require long-term investment and maintenance, meaning they are found more often in those wealthier neighbourhoods.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMoving further out of cities is a solution many seek. Yet, cheaper suburban life, with its houses and front and back gardens, isn’t always the solution. In some areas people (especially women and people of colour) may not feel safe in their gardens, or homes might be next to loud, pollution-heavy structures like a highway or airport. Not all suburbs \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.citylab.com\u002Flife\u002F2019\u002F11\u002Fsuburbs-demographic-trends-population-data-immigration\u002F601546\u002F\"\u003Eare created equal\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, either: from 2000 to 2015, the poverty rate in US suburbs \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.brookings.edu\u002Ftestimonies\u002Fthe-changing-geography-of-us-poverty\u002F\"\u003Egrew by 57%.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E “There are still marginalised people in suburban areas as well,” says Nesbitt. “It’s not so much about the amount [of green space], it’s the quality.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a place like the US, public green spaces are funded by city budgets (whose parks departments can often operate on a shoestring) from local tax dollars. In richer areas, green spaces can be high quality, since private non-profits can “conduct massive fundraising campaigns among the affluent stakeholders with access to these parks”, says Ingrid Gould Ellen, faculty cirector of New York University’s Furman Center, which researches urban policy. “Since state and local budgets seem likely to shrink [because of the pandemic], potentially dramatically, there's a worthwhile conversation about how to raise private funds to support investment in parks in lower-income neighbourhoods.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESmart solutions\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESome cities have prioritised accessible green space more than others; in Vancouver, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fvancouver.ca\u002Ffiles\u002Fcov\u002FGreenest-city-action-plan.pdf\"\u003E92% of residents\u003C\u002Fa\u003E live within a five-minute walk of green spaces. In Milwaukee, in the US state of Wisconsin, Burrowes points to an urban trail that was deliberately designed to makes its way through several neighbourhoods of colour, allowing residents greater access close to home. She says cities like these have nature-minded advocates in local government: she points to the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tpl.org\u002F10minutewalk\"\u003E10-Minute Walk Challenge\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which challenges mayors to make parks a 10-minute walk from all homes by 2050. It’s a national initiative led by organisations like the US’s National Recreation and Park Association, and nearly 300 city mayors have signed on, with San Francisco \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sfchronicle.com\u002Fbayarea\u002Farticle\u002FSF-1st-city-in-nation-with-a-park-10-minute-walk-11150987.php\"\u003Ebecoming the first city\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to hit the challenge’s goal in 2017.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBurrowes also points to New York City’s work with minority communities in Manhattan’s Lower East Side decades ago \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Flifeandstyle\u002F2015\u002Faug\u002F11\u002Fnew-york-lower-east-side-community-gardens\"\u003Eto create ‘pocket parks’ tucked into the city blocks that exist to this day.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Even when the city was gripped by crime, drugs and bankruptcy in the 1970s, it helped neighbourhood residents develop the public community gardens they made out of abandoned clearings that continue to provide green space for small public art events and other gatherings.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThen there’s the matter of balconies. “I live in affordable housing, and I’m grateful for the housing,” says Kgama. “But I was kind of thinking, ‘would it have hurt them to put a balcony here?’” She isn’t alone in that sentiment: from New York to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theglobeandmail.com\u002Freal-estate\u002Ftoronto\u002Frising-demand-for-balconies-poses-riddle-for-developers-intoronto\u002Farticle35997696\u002F?ref=http:\u002F\u002Fwww.theglobeandmail.com&\"\u003EToronto\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.citylab.com\u002Flife\u002F2020\u002F04\u002Fapartment-design-balcony-private-outdoor-space-zoning-laws\u002F610162\u002F\"\u003Ethere’s been more demand for balconies\u003C\u002Fa\u003E built into apartment units. Strict zoning laws and extra cost are roadblocks, however, as is the fact that bigger balconies can mean less space inside.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Balconies and communal rooftops were not common features of pre-war construction, and 57% of all units in New York City were built before 1947,” says New York University’s Ellen, who says small courtyards are more common, and many public housing buildings were built to include them. But many, like Kgama’s, don’t allow residents access, as that would require extra maintenance money.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dezeen.com\u002F2020\u002F04\u002F14\u002Fcoronavirus-pandemic-reveals-inequities-in-new-york-housing-say-local-architects\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ESome local architecture firms\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, like New York City-based PRO, think now is the time to address this issue, with proposals to retrofit screened-in balconies onto the sides of World War Two-era brick buildings. Nathan Rich, the founding partner at PRO, \u003Ca href=\"points%20to%20a%20project%20in%20France%20\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Epoints to a project in France\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that’s done something similar, adding balconies on to 1960s social housing developments. His firm is looking at buildings within the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA), which provides housing to low and middle-income residents, to design possible solutions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Covid continues to spotlight where these inequities are and what they look like – Kimberly Burrowes","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMost NYCHA buildings lack outdoor space, plus many of the buildings are ageing rapidly, with potentially huge maintenance costs – meaning any solutions need to be creative. “We are looking at strategies that would allow new balconies to perform multiple functions and piggyback on NYCHA maintenance efforts that are already underway,” says Rich.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENesbitt says changes don’t have to be so radical; even “view corridors” to parks from your home could help. Extra flowers on the street could work, too, because we can’t go to the park every day. “Especially if we’re busy, or a single parent, or low income and we have to work a couple [of] jobs. You’re not going to be in the park five blocks from your house – you will be walking down the street in front of your house, and that contact with nature is important.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA renewed conversation\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOf course, trying to increase access to outdoor space has been a goal of cities way before Covid-19 struck. But the conversation has taken on greater intensity since the pandemic has exposed just how unequal access can be. It’s not yet been possible to quantify the mental-health toll of long weeks of lockdown, and any correlation with access to outdoor space. But we do know that isolation \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcapmh.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs13034-020-00329-3\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eis bad for everyone’s mental health,\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and that people \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kff.org\u002Fcoronavirus-covid-19\u002Fissue-brief\u002Fthe-implications-of-covid-19-for-mental-health-and-substance-use\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ewho lost incomes or had low incomes to begin with experienced more stress\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. “Covid continues to spotlight where these inequities are and what they look like,” says Burrowes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EExperts hope this will accelerate pre-pandemic trends: a push for more balconies, better community gardens and easier entry points to parks. But this must come from city governments prioritising them. “We can have good housing and good access to nature – not one or the other,” says Nesbitt. “In the pandemic, that relationship with nature is really important.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKgama, meanwhile, is finally managing to get some fresh air – in Charlotte, North Carolina. She and her family bought plane tickets for $15 each and will fly down for a weeklong getaway. But she wishes it was even longer. If a second wave of Covid cases hits New York, it’ll mean being cooped up inside for months all over again. “If I could, we would’ve left for the whole summer,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid-10"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-06-18T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"What outdoor space tells us about inequality","headlineShort":"The luxury of having outdoor space","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"Whether it's a small balcony, a home garden, or access to a park, outdoor space has long been a luxury for many – not a given. And the pandemic's made it even worse.","summaryShort":"In Covid-19, balconies and gardens reveal a lot about inequality","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-06-17T18:54:44.408435Z","entity":"article","guid":"ba673f54-38dc-4ffb-aee5-731fe188df84","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid","modifiedDateTime":"2020-06-24T04:09:06.674477Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041132},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers","_id":"5f397fac83a9c06043eac866","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fchristine-ro"],"bodyIntro":"Enduring stereotypes around race, culture and gender shape the careers of Asian women, causing many to plateau.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESometimes it happens with an email, sometimes it occurs in person. Clients will spot Sara Ahmed’s surname or see her face and then, she believes, a certain kind of expectation will set in.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Pakistani-born US-based writer, who has also worked in sales and event coordination, has found that time and time again, vendors and clients have expected her to do work for free or for very low compensation. “It always felt like there was this huge stereotype that I was constantly tackling [that] perhaps I’ll be very subservient and a little more meek about speaking up,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShe’s seen this happen both when dealing with white people and with men from the South Asian community in Texas. Some have called her disrespectful for pushing back, while others have assumed that her white colleagues were the ones in charge. “There’s a very strong belief that you can be bulldozed.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe stereotype Ahmed refers to is an enduring one. In \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.apa.org\u002Fpubs\u002Fhighlights\u002Fspotlight\u002Fissue-119\"\u003Eone study of Asian American women\u003C\u002Fa\u003E who had experienced discrimination, 14% said that others had viewed them as incapable of becoming leaders, while 34% reported that others had assumed they were submissive or passive. The women in the study who attempted to speak out reported that others reacted with surprise or retaliation – like Ahmed, who says that she has lost business due to being outspoken.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08n0wdc"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThese kinds of stereotypes are most prevalent in countries where Asians form a minority group. Yet they interact with gendered social norms prevalent in many Asian countries that foster an environment in which women are often seen as subordinates rather than leaders.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe ‘bamboo ceiling’ \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s impossible to do justice to the vast range of Asian women’s experiences, given the great diversity among Asian women (even within any given nation or ethnic group).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut some experiences are shared across these wide-ranging populations. In fact, one of the hallmarks of cultural ignorance is difficulty or lack of interest in distinguishing \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgal-dem.com\u002Fjapanese-chinese-not-thing\u002F\"\u003Ebetween people of different ethnicities\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. So non-Asians’ expectations of Han Chinese women may also affect Thais, Bengali women may be treated similarly to Nepalis, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scmp.com\u002Fcomment\u002Finsight-opinion\u002Farticle\u002F1389083\u002Fshooting-down-asian-woman-stereotype\"\u003Ethe experiences of women in Asia affect the diaspora in majority-white countries\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and so on.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"There’s a very strong belief that you can be bulldozed – Sara Ahmed","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn general, women are often called out for being “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Flifeandstyle\u002Fwomens-blog\u002F2014\u002Foct\u002F03\u002Fwhen-will-we-stop-calling-successful-women-abrasive\"\u003Eabrasive\u003C\u002Fa\u003E” or \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20140320-ban-bossy-not-so-fast\"\u003E“bossy”\u003C\u002Fa\u003E when the same qualities would be praised as “assertive” or “confident” in men. This catch-22 may be an obstacle to their career progression; they are either \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fhbr.org\u002F2013\u002F09\u002Fwomen-rising-the-unseen-barriers\"\u003Epenalised for being bossy, or they self-censor\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and then seem to lack the assertiveness required for a leadership position.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERace and culture also play a role in expectations of leadership traits. It’s common for Western multinational companies to complain about a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsloanreview.mit.edu\u002Farticle\u002Frethinking-the-east-asian-leadership-gap\u002F\"\u003Elack of leadership competencies in East Asia\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, because they’re looking for a more showy form of outspokenness that’s less common across the continent. Even people of Asian descent who were born in majority-white countries, and who consider themselves far removed from immigration and don’t speak Asian languages, experience career setbacks because of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002F2015\u002F05\u002F17\u002F407478606\u002Foften-employees-rarely-ceos-challenges-asian-americans-face-in-tech\"\u003Elack of role models, expectations of their timidity\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww8.gsb.columbia.edu\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fnewsn\u002F8270\u002Fresearchers-answer-a-diversity-puzzle-why-chinese-americans-but-not-indian-americans-are-underrepresented-in-leadership-positions\"\u003Eprejudice\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of non-Asians. This is a reason that Asian Americans are everywhere in the legal field, but \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.apaportraitproject.org\u002F\"\u003Eremain significantly under-represented in leadership roles\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Asians are also over-represented among professional staff of US-based technology companies, but under-represented in executive-level positions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGender and race intersect to create an especially fraught position for Asian women. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Furl?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiZlITs6NnqAhWASBUIHfA9Bh4QFjAIegQICRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.ymaws.com%2Fsites%2Fascendleadership.site-ym.com%2Fresource%2Fresmgr%2FResearch%2FHiddenInPlainSight_Paper_042.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1NSXQ6nXzv8jYgkzlGm3Ky\"\u003EOne study of five Silicon Valley companies\u003C\u002Fa\u003E showed that while white women and Asian men were also under-represented at the highest levels, Asian women were the least likely to be executives, relative to their proportion of the workforce. “The ‘Asian effect’ is 3.7X greater than the ‘gender effect’ as a glass ceiling factor”, the report notes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08n0wj6"],"imageAlignment":"right","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe persistent belief that Asian American women will \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.apa.org\u002Fpubs\u002Fhighlights\u002Fspotlight\u002Fissue-119\"\u003Emaintain the status quo and can be saddled with extra work without complaining\u003C\u002Fa\u003E has led to a situation where many of these women have high educational and career achievements, yet plateau. Women in these groups report not being credited for their work, taking on the bulk of group projects, being held to a higher standard and yet still not being considered leaders, as they’re relegated to the “team players” zone. Their own achievements may become a double-edged sword. The “model minority” stereotype that helps Asian Americans educationally \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eurekalert.org\u002Fpub_releases\u002F2019-03\u002Ftfg-aad031819.php\"\u003Emay end up actually limiting their career progression\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, as they’re sometimes considered to be less vocal and socially skilled.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHitting a plateau\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe intersections of gender and background can become especially prominent for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbusiness.vanderbilt.edu\u002Fnews\u002F2018\u002F02\u002F26\u002Ftokenism-in-the-workplace\u002F\"\u003E“tokens\u003C\u002Fa\u003E” – people who are overly scrutinised because their group is so little represented and might be made to feel that they carry the burden of standing in for the entire group. Some may even choose to play down their accomplishments, because visibility of any kind can be harmful, leading to a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F326282238_Assimilation_and_Resistance_The_Token_Status_of_Women_Leaders_in_South_Korea\"\u003E“performance dilemma”\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Due to the cultural context of Korea, women feel pressured to do as [well] as male counterparts but, at the same time, they feel they should not excel [so as] not to be highly visible so that they don’t get criticised due to their token status in the organisation,” says Yonjoo Cho, who researches human resource development at Indiana University Bloomington and co-authored the research. She’s experienced this herself. “As a working woman in Korea and an Asian female faculty in the US, I have always been a token woman who is the only one or one of the few women in the organisation, which made me conscious about my self-esteem and ability.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"East Asians in North America are more likely to be racially harassed when they act dominant at work","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOne response of Asian women may be to mould their behaviour to fit what dominant groups expect and want of them. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F326282238_Assimilation_and_Resistance_The_Token_Status_of_Women_Leaders_in_South_Korea\"\u003EThis may be necessary\u003C\u002Fa\u003E if resisting these expectations can cause immediate damage to professional relationships. East Asians in North America are \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Furl?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiEl-2QvOXqAhXwThUIHQHhBjAQFjAAegQIBRAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-2.rotman.utoronto.ca%2Ffacbios%2Ffile%2FBerdahl%2520%26%2520Min%2520CDEMP%25202012.pdf&usg=AOvVaw15nZbGlhDM-GSGmJDa-qqn\"\u003Emore likely to be racially harassed when they act dominant\u003C\u002Fa\u003E at work; this violates the “prescriptive stereotype” held by white colleagues, who \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fhbr.org\u002F2016\u002F12\u002Fwhy-arent-there-more-asian-americans-in-leadership-positions\"\u003Einterpret this behaviour as surprising and threatening\u003C\u002Fa\u003E when it comes from East Asians. It holds for other Asian groups as well. When Ahmed chose the strategy of resistance, for instance, it backfired and negatively affected her business.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother response may be to conceal your success, particularly in environments where there are patriarchal expectations about who should have higher status. Nirmala Menon, who founded the Bangalore diversity consultancy Interweave, knows women who only accepted promotions as long as their job title or pay stayed the same. They were willing to take on more responsibility but were uncomfortable with earning more money than their husbands.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese kinds of societal and internalised pressures around gendered power tend to be less intense among the Asian diaspora. For instance, Menon says that a specific element of the Indian context that contributes to these pressures is women’s responsibility for their in-laws. Expectations of women as carers and domestic stewards inevitably affect their ability to advance professionally; the role conflict “confuses the hell out of them, and makes them slow-pedal or not grow to their full potential”, says Menon.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08n0w8g"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the US, however, under-representation at senior leadership levels is linked more to racial stereotypes than to women dropping out of the workforce (which \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fsf\u002Farticle-abstract\u002F93\u002F2\u002F623\u002F2332137\"\u003Ewhite women are more likely to do\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). Thus, on average in the US, white women manage \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fsf\u002Farticle-abstract\u002F93\u002F2\u002F623\u002F2332137\"\u003E3 to 6 more employees\u003C\u002Fa\u003E than Asian women do, even after accounting for differences of industry, immigration and others.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESteps forward\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAddressing the fact that American-Asian woman are plateauing at work requires addressing multiple different factors: Western stereotypes around Asian women’s docility; gender norms in Asian societies (including diasporas) that shape acceptance of women’s aspirations; and inclusivity across workplaces overall, including embracing the diversity of different people’s communication styles. Ahmed has seen each of these affect her working life, from men who become defensive when she asserts herself to being the only woman of colour in the room.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe complex legacy of societal and family expectations means that encouragement of Asian women’s leadership has to start from an early age. Corina Riantoputra, a psychology lecturer at the University of Indonesia, firmly believes, “If we want to reach women leaders in the future, we \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F321681858_Current_perspectives_on_Asian_women_in_leadership\u002Flink\u002F5b474aceaca272c6093888d5\u002Fdownload\"\u003Ehave to train fathers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis resonates with Ahmed’s experiences. Her parents, and particularly her father, were unusual in their social circles. He told her and her two sisters, from a young age, that the only reason he would disown them was if they didn’t complete their education – a stance that led to backlash from his peers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd it wasn’t just talk. “So much of my life trajectory has been because of the choices he made,” Ahmed reflects. While working in a comfortable job in Saudi Arabia, her father was thinking ahead to where his family might move to improve his daughters’ university prospects. The result, says Ahmed, was that “All of his daughters are very, very opinionated… I think that has always been the basis of why I can be audacious or able to speak up in uncomfortable situations.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"In one study of Asian American women who had experienced discrimination, 34% reported that others had assumed they were submissive or passive","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EObviously, this is beyond the scope of a workplace to address. But there are still steps that employers can take to limit stereotypes becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy. There’s abundant research showing the importance of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6467438\u002F\"\u003Ementorship\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F339512065_Conclusion_Learnings_From_Eight_Country_Studies_on_Women_Entrepreneurs_in_Asia\"\u003Enetworking and social support\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for emerging Asian female leaders. They may need their own networks or integration into existing networks because women are so often shut out of these less-formal clusters of power. The challenge is not overburdening existing Asian female leaders, who are already so under-represented in many sectors, with these mentorship responsibilities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs diversity and inclusion consultant Menon says, some corporate training tells women how to stand, how to speak and what to do in order to make their presence felt. But this just adds to the load of a group that already have so much to do at work, at home and elsewhere. Asian women’s career progression will be limited unless it’s accompanied by training of men and majority groups to counteract the biases they may not even realise they carry.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn my own career I’ve seen how convenient it can be for a well-meaning white male boss to praise an Asian woman for being “deferential” – rather than having to grapple with the more complex factors of financial insecurity and skewed power relations that might affect an employee’s ease with rocking the boat and taking the reins.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EClearly, there are plenty of leaders who identify as Asian women. But some extra effort will be needed to ensure that emerging leaders aren’t being held down, whether by other people’s expectations of them or their own.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers-12"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The docility myth flattening Asian women’s careers","headlineShort":"The Asian docility myth","image":["p08n0w02"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-will-covid-19-make-urban-cycling-more-inclusive","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-is-changing-womens-lives","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Enduring stereotypes around race, culture and gender shape the careers of Asian women, causing many to plateau.","summaryShort":"A stereotype that holds back Asian women at work","tag":["tag\u002Finequality"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-08-16T18:48:58.98394Z","entity":"article","guid":"b11c42e2-696d-46be-9db2-c15ba43e1fe2","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers","modifiedDateTime":"2020-08-16T18:48:58.98394Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200807-the-docility-myth-flattening-asian-womens-careers","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041125},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening","_id":"5f36f40683a9c0604324452a","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Frachel-mishael"],"bodyIntro":"Worklife readers share their views on the tricky question of returning to the office, with many calling for a flexible new future.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis article is part of Confined Grind, our crowdsourced guide to maintaining a balanced, healthy life while working and living at home amid Covid-19. Join the conversation on the \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cins cite=\"mailto:Rachel%20Mishael\" datetime=\"2020-08-11T11:02\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Fposts\u002Fbbc-news_bbcnews-reopening-backtowork-activity-6681896231217852416-q6u6\"\u003EBBC News LinkedIn page.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fins\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven as Covid-19 continues and elements of daily life remain in flux, companies and institutions in many nations are looking to plan for the future. Some have already reopened their offices, while others are \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ft.com\u002Fcontent\u002F391b67a7-4a80-41f2-8229-6a0a554444ab\"\u003Eputting plans in place\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to bring employees back gradually over coming months. Others, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Ftechnology\u002F2020\u002Fjul\u002F27\u002Fgoogle-employees-work-from-home-coronavirus-pandemic\"\u003Eincluding Google\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, say employees can work from home until at the least the middle of 2021. Some of those who are reopening have been vocal about the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200514-how-the-post-pandemic-office-will-change\"\u003Eenhanced sanitation and social distancing measures\u003C\u002Fa\u003E they will have in place, while other workplaces' policies are less clear.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter months of working from home, the prospect of returning to the office (and the commute that may accompany it) will feel challenging to many. Many people \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Finews.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fpolitics\u002Fcoronavirus-latest-home-workers-government-push-office-pandemic-562383\"\u003Ewould like to continue working from home\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for reasons including health concerns, childcare and work-life balance, but others are keen to get back to the office. BBC Worklife reached out to readers around the world to hear their views on this tricky issue.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E'People want maximum safety measures'\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFrom crowded commutes to office spaces with unavoidable common areas (such as bathrooms, kitchens and elevators), returning to even the most well-prepared businesses can still feel unsafe to employees. “I'm incredibly grateful we're not going back to the office yet,” says \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681911134255243264%29\"\u003EBethanie Bailey\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from Manchester. “As much as I miss my coworkers and the interaction with them, I don't believe public transport is safe… There's no way people can stay safe if they're forced back into such confined spaces.” In Beijing, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681918782186889216%29\"\u003EHongqin Zhu\u003C\u002Fa\u003E says her company has not allowed employees to work from home, forcing her to take public transport to her office. “I transfer two times in [the] Beijing subway and may come across people with the virus, so I am worried.” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08nm4dc"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Commuters on the London Underground on 1 August 2020","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESome readers fear workplaces don’t have adequate protection plans in place – or any plans at all. “There are still many companies that do not have protocols for the coexistence of workers, or a contingency plan, or even a committee in charge of contingency,” says \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681980949573513216%29\"\u003ERené De La Vega\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from Guatemala. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681915440844865536%29\"\u003EStuart Woolley\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from Ireland points out that safety guidelines for offices aren’t to be blindly trusted: “The health of myself, my family and friends are my primary concern and will not be gambled on [by] someone else's adherence to questionably effective guidelines based on percentages of risk.”  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOthers are more open to returning to the office as long as there are clear safety measures in place. \"What precautions is your employer taking to make returning to the workplace a possibility for you?” asks \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681921468097466368%29\"\u003EJan Beniquez\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from Utah. “No one is in any rush to go back to the workplace if there are no processes or barriers in reducing Covid-19’s spread at the workplace.” In England, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681998015982632960%29\"\u003EBob Ferns\u003C\u002Fa\u003E says, “People will need to know that maximum safety measures have been put in place, not just wiping down the desks and door handles.” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6682089727673413632%29\"\u003ETze-Ern Chua\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from Singapore points out that in addition to employers implementing measures that reduce risk of infection, there should be a substantial need for employees to return in order to justify it. “I would like to see a flexible system in which people go to the office for tasks that are better done there, and WFH the rest of the time. In addition to helping employees feel safe and trusted, it would reduce the number of people in the office at any one time.” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08nl3h6"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"File image of socially-distanced workers in an office","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESince he can perform his job just as well remotely, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681964596468826112%29\"\u003EMatt Sirrine\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from California says there is no reason for him to go back in and risk exposure. “Even post-vaccine, I don't need to or want to go back. Requiring people to return to an office when there is no business reason to do so is going to be a problem for a lot of companies (and the employees obviously).” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E'As productive as ever'\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESafety issues aside, many people say they have experienced increased productivity and better time management while working from home, and argue there is no real business need for their jobs to be in office. “Assuming you don’t have a tangible manual position... why does anyone have to return to work in an office environment if productivity has been business-as-usual remotely?” says \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681927167988899840%29\"\u003EKaren Hildenbrand-Allery\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from Queensland, Australia.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn Surrey, UK, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681945932516339712%29\"\u003EJulia Mainwaring\u003C\u002Fa\u003E loves working from home and has no interest in returning to an office environment. “We are as productive as we have ever been and feel better rested and more focused on the day without the commute! Getting some more family time is also fantastic and life feels like a much better balance like this,” she says. In Florida, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6682024347747586048%29\"\u003EValerie Wilhite\u003C\u002Fa\u003E echoes this, adding: “I am regularly online during the hours I would have previously been stuck in the car [commuting]. Staying home has also meant reduced emissions (public transport is not an option for my commute).” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn California, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681897660632453120%29\"\u003EWayde A Reed \u003C\u002Fa\u003Ewouldn’t mind never returning to an office again. The flexibility of remote work has given him a better work-life balance, greatly improved his productivity and saved him money on commuting, lunches and work attire. He adds that video conferencing “still provides the much-needed face to face interaction and the ability to read body language during meetings that is not possible when simply using phone calls, emails, etc”. In West Sussex, UK, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6682330092397461504%29\"\u003ESimon Cooper’s\u003C\u002Fa\u003E company has completely given up their office space for a full shift to remote work post Covid-19. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08nl336"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"File image of a family playing and working together","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E'Combined way of working'\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECovid-19 has given so many people a crash-course in home-working, and its benefits and drawbacks. And while many want to stay at home, some now know that they prefer to work in the office.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn Ireland, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681902449487360000%29\"\u003EChinweike Adigwe\u003C\u002Fa\u003E looks forward to a return to office, and points out that for some people, living where you work and working where you live is difficult. “Your workplace is all you wake up to, [so] it’s a great relief being able to wake up [and] not see work in front of you.” In Warsaw, Poland, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681940668904026112%29\"\u003EJoanna Pyrak\u003C\u002Fa\u003E says she misses her coworkers and is also happy to finally be able to “‘evict’ the office” out of her home.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"xp1\"\u003ESo, is there a happy medium; a balance that both favours personal preference and productivity? According to many employees, having in-office and remote work options would be the best way forward, even in a post-pandemic world.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Working in-office needs to be offered only as [an] option. If you have the ability to work from home you should be allowed to... Allowing people to work from home allows the company to hire more talented employees that may not be residentially close to the office,” says Jessie K in Detroit.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn Albania, Ilda E has mixed feelings: “I find working from home convenient, but also boring. I believe that employers should learn from this experience to allow employees to work from home whenever they feel like, instead of imposing office work. I want to believe that a combined way of working could be more productive.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn Manchester, Olivia Fisher’s company has already given employees these options: “We are working alternately in the office and at home. It's working really well; we're productive while at home and we bounce off each other's energy while in the office. This biggest issue will be commuting into work with more people on public transport but a lot of us have taken up cycling, running and walking to work instead.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08nl31f"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"File image of a woman working from home","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAdvocates of both in-office and remote options emphasise that there needs to be trust on the side of the employer. “Work should be measured in output and managed that way. If a staff member works from home and consistently misses deadlines then they are likely going to miss those deadlines in the office. Location doesn't change people,” says \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681956517031292928%29&replyUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6682134145654759424%29\"\u003EAdrian Shiel\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in Victoria, Australia. In New South Wales, Australia, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681956517031292928%29&replyUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6682095692665774080%29\"\u003EEmma Suddards \u003C\u002Fa\u003Esays it’s important to ask yourself if your organisation measures performance on the number of hours you “keep a seat warm” or on your ideas, innovations or services.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUltimately, many see this as a chance to reshape work in a more flexible and open-minded way, with a focus on output rather than location. Most say they hope there will never be a return to the ‘old-normal’, and believe that the balance in terms of in-office and remote work will be a dialogue between employers and employees. As \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Ffeed\u002Fupdate\u002Furn:li:activity:6681896231217852416?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A6681896231217852416%2C6681940870129881088%29\"\u003ESam Jonas\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from Hemel Hempstead puts it, “a happy and efficient work culture can never be created in an unsafe or uncomfortable environment”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening-8"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fcolumn\u002Fconfined-grind"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-08-15T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Do office reopenings mean a return to the 'old normal'?","headlineShort":"‘Why does anyone have to go back?’","image":["p08nl430"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"File image of masked worker in an office","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Worklife readers share their views on the tricky question of returning to the office, with many calling for a flexible new future.","summaryShort":"Many workers feel a return-to-office is unnecessary","tag":["tag\u002Fworking-from-home"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-08-14T12:12:59.434759Z","entity":"article","guid":"7de8935f-11ab-4105-be28-2e291aec6ebe","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening","modifiedDateTime":"2020-08-14T20:28:37.312734Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200813-work-from-home-and-return-to-office-reopening","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041127},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden","_id":"5f31355483a9c060439cf3f1","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Swedes are used to living alone, following rules and championing innovation. How much will these social norms help during the coronavirus crisis?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhile people around the world are climbing the walls due to coronavirus lockdowns and social distancing, 21-year-old Swede Cajsa Wiking is unfazed by the prospect of spending time alone in her one-bedroom apartment in Uppsala.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We are pretty good at staying home and aren't very social compared to other cultures...so that makes it easier for us,” she says. “I’m doing things like organising my closet, working out at home and I’m also reading more.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"More than half of all Swedish homes are made up of one resident, the highest proportion in Europe","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMore than half of all Swedish homes are, like Wiking’s, made up of one resident, the highest proportion in Europe, according to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fec.europa.eu\u002Feurostat\u002Fweb\u002Fproducts-eurostat-news\u002F-\u002FDDN-20170905-1?inheritRedirect=true\"\u003EEurostat\u003C\u002Fa\u003E figures. The most common age to move out from your parents’ place is between 18 and 19, compared to an EU average of 26.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESome experts believe that these living patterns might help stem the spread of coronavirus; in current hotspots for infections including Italy and Spain, it is – by contrast – much more common for large families to congregate under one roof.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“If you have a household with several generations, of course you are going to have a quick spread,” says Björn Olsen, a professor of infectious diseases at Uppsala University. “We have a lot of single people living in Stockholm, in the big cities in Sweden, and that could sort of slow the pace a little bit.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOther commentators have pointed out the way many Swedes already behave when they’re outside in public spaces: it’s the norm to avoid sitting close to others on public transport and unusual to strike up small talk with strangers in shops or cafes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"As for social distancing, Swedes already have that down – Lola Akinmade Åkerström","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“As for social distancing, Swedes already have that down and naturally gave each other tons of physical space way before the coronavirus pandemic hit,” says Lola Akinmade Åkerström, an \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lolaakinmade.com\u002F\"\u003Eauthor on Swedish culture\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESwedes are also used to “staying at home at the slightest inkling of a headache”, she adds, a sign that those with mild coronavirus symptoms are perhaps more likely to hunker down.  This is partly because employers tend to encourage staff to take time off if they have coughs or colds to avoid sickness spreading within companies, while Sweden offers \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thelocal.se\u002F20180323\u002Fwhat-to-do-if-you-need-a-sick-day-in-sweden\"\u003Egenerous sick pay\u003C\u002Fa\u003E compared to many countries.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECollective responsibility\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESweden’s more formal efforts to tackle the coronavirus are controversial. Unlike in neighbouring European countries (including Denmark, which currently has a similar number of fatalities), public authorities are avoiding stricter measures and following a strategy of trying to slow down the spread of the virus in a calm and controlled way, while focusing on the protection of vulnerable groups.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis means schools for pupils under 16 remain open as well as most shops. Pubs and restaurants are still in business offering both table service and takeaway, although they’ve been asked to stop serving people at counters, and all events for over 50 people have been banned.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe government has asked people to follow authorities’ advice and take voluntary collective responsibility for slowing the spread of coronavirus. This includes working from home where possible, especially in the capital, self-isolating if you’re sick or over 70, and avoiding all non-essential travel.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“We who are adults need to be exactly that: adults. Not spread panic or rumours,” Prime Minister Stefan Löfven said recently in his first televised address to the nation since the start of the crisis. “No one is alone in this crisis, but each person has a heavy responsibility.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe public’s response so far is largely indicative of the nation’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thelocal.se\u002F20170703\u002Fis-swedens-trust-transparency-openness-under-threat-or-is-it-stronger-than-ever\"\u003Elong-standing confidence in the state\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. A majority of Swedes watched and approved of his speech and believe the country can tackle the crisis well, according to a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnovus.se\u002Fcoronastatus-0323\u002F\"\u003Enationwide survey for Novus, a major polling company\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStockholm’s public transport company SL says it saw passenger numbers fall by 50% on subway and commuter trains last week. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnovus.se\u002Fnovus-coronastatus\u002F\"\u003EPolls suggest\u003C\u002Fa\u003E three-quarters of Swedes are keeping at least a metre away from others at least some of the time. At least a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnovus.se\u002Fnovus-coronastatus\u002F\"\u003Ethird of Stockholmers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E are remote working, while \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.stockholmbusinessregion.com\u002F\"\u003EStockholm Business Region\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, funded by the city council, estimates that levels are well above 90% in the capital’s largest companies. Swedes also haven’t been panic buying as much as in other countries, although Lola Akinmade Åkerström remarks that “for one of the world’s top producers of toilet paper, it was surprising to witness the initial mad rush to stockpile toilet roll”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut not all Swedes are taking the virus seriously. “I've still seen a lot of people [on social media] still hosting birthday parties with maybe 50 guests and going out clubbing, thinking nothing is the matter with that,” says Cajsa Wiking. “So I think definitely it is still a problem here, although it's different from other countries.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“People are really keen to try and meet up, maybe because of the lack of social interaction you normally get through work,” adds Christoffer Carringer, a 29-year-old TV producer in Stockholm who says most people he knows are now working from home. He says his friends are “trying to be responsible” by going to the pub in groups of two or three and avoiding the most crowded places.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne mathematician has \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fworld\u002F2020\u002Fmar\u002F23\u002Fswedish-pm-warned-russian-roulette-covid-19-strategy-herd-immunity\"\u003Eaccused authorities\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of “playing Russian roulette” with the population by not introducing stricter rules, while several virologists including Professor Björn Olsen have called for Swedish authorities to follow other countries and “shut down everything that’s possible to shut down” as quickly as possible. Olsen disagrees with the Swedish Public Health Authority’s predictions that the population will quickly build up immunity, arguing this \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.svd.se\u002Fover-100000-tillfrisknade-fran-covid-19\"\u003Ecould take more than a year\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and is sceptical that the infection rate will level off during warmer summer months.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAkinmade Åkerström has also been critical of the current approach “considering the rise of infection cases and deaths around the world”. But she argues that strong support for authorities will help, should the country follow others into lockdown. “Most Swedes trust that the government has the best interest of society at heart and they will respond to stricter rules,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA connected population\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHistory will be the judge of whether Sweden’s scientific and political policies hold up. But when it comes to day-to-day efforts to keep businesses and society functioning, Swedes’ working practices and passion for technology are two norms that are already playing out well during the corona crisis.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"More than two thirds of Swedes already work online from home at least some of the time","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Nordic nation has \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thelocal.se\u002F20180523\u002Fsweden-among-eus-most-advanced-digital-economies-official-ranking\"\u003Eone of the most advanced digital economies in the EU\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.prv.se\u002Fen\u002Fabout-us\u002Fup-to-date\u002Fnews\u002Fglobal-innovation-index-2019\u002F\"\u003Estrong background of innovation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. More than two thirds of Swedes already work online from home at least some of the time, with around a third doing this on a daily or weekly basis, according to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Finternetstiftelsen.se\u002Fnyheter\u002Finternet-hjalper-dig-att-jobba-hemifran\u002F?fbclid=IwAR2h8jYTrpjO-xuBckUGFCZd3KW4OlQyaJBqA27Kgx_hqWuUP7nVY_xNxZA\"\u003EThe Swedish Internet Foundation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Fast and widespread broadband works in tandem with social and company policies which \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20151124-the-best-city-for-working-families\"\u003Echampion flexible and remote working\u003C\u002Fa\u003E as part of a more balanced and gender-equal lifestyle. Nobody bats an eyelid if a parent clocks off in the early afternoon to collect a child from nursery; they’re trusted to catch up with their workload later.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis, according to Staffan Ingvarsson, CEO of Stockholm Business Region, has enabled a smooth transition to increased remote working. “Every company that has the possibility to do this, they are doing it, and it works,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAlthough keen to stress that coronavirus is still “dealing a really hard blow” to the economy, with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsverigesradio.se\u002Fartikel\u002F7436879\"\u003Ebigger levels of layoffs than during the financial crisis\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, he also points to high levels of cross-industry collaboration that are helping Sweden to face new challenges brought by the crisis.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bloomberg.com\u002Fnews\u002Farticles\u002F2020-03-15\u002Fsas-temporarily-lays-off-90-of-workforce-affecting-10-000-jobs\"\u003Ethousands of staff from Scandinavian airline SAS were laid off\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, they were offered additional nursing training so they could support hospitals, thanks to funding from a private research foundation. Workers from truck-maker Scania are supporting a medical company to produce more respirators, and supermarkets have been actively targeting hotel and conference venue staff who’ve lost their jobs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It really warms my heart, all this innovation that is going on digitally,” says Ingvarsson, adding that he’s proud of how the Stockholm business community has been able to make so many big decisions together in the absence of physical meetings.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Sweden is built on a history of collaboration and that shines through in times like this,” agrees Erik Engellau-Nilsson, CEO of Norrsken, a co-working space and investment fund that supports socially-minded entrepreneurs. The foundation recently set up an online platform where start-ups focused on solving problems connected to the coronavirus crisis can apply for funding. Engellau-Nilsson says he’s been “overwhelmed by the response and support from volunteers, initiatives, companies and partners”; initiatives already being profiled by the site include an e-learning company, an app offering free food deliveries for pensioners and a volunteering network.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe future?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhat happens next will, of course, depend on how much the virus spreads. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\u002Fthe-public-health-agency-of-sweden\u002Fcommunicable-disease-control\u002Fcovid-19\u002F\"\u003EThe Swedish Public Health Agency\u003C\u002Fa\u003E has warned that the worst is yet to come for the Nordic nation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are long-running concerns about whether hospitals are ready to cope with the potential demand for beds and intensive care equipment, while more recent debates have focused on how well authorities are communicating information. Some experts are \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thelocal.se\u002F20200325\u002Fwhats-missing-from-swedens-coronavirus-strategy-communication\"\u003Ecalling for more specific instructions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E about how people should be living their lives. The Swedish Medical Association has expressed concerns that not enough has been done to inform residents who don’t speak Swedish, following a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsverigesradio.se\u002Fartikel\u002F7437072\"\u003Ehigh proportion of deaths and infections\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in Stockholm’s Somali community, who are more at risk of sharing overcrowded housing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd while some lone-living Swedes like Cajsa Wiking are confident they can keep their mood up by staying connected to friends and family via Facetime, others are worried about increased levels of loneliness should they end up housebound due to a lockdown.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“This could really affect how Swedes feel,” says Christoffer Carringer, who has recently started living alone for the first time. “Everyone is always screaming for sun and social interaction and attention this time each year after the long winter, so to be denied that, I think could have some sad side effects.” Akinmade Åkerström echoes this sentiment, saying: “For a society that thrives on being outdoors and in nature, that would be the most difficult part for Swedes to mentally deal with if a full lockdown goes into effect.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAgainst this background, Sweden’s trust, technology and teamwork may well continue to be valuable assets for the country as things develop, but in times of crisis like this, nothing is certain.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden-14"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-03-28T09:51:40.436Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Could the Swedish lifestyle help fight coronavirus?","headlineShort":"Isolating: What Sweden can teach us","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"Swedes are used to living alone, following rules and championing innovation. How much will these social norms help during the coronavirus crisis?","summaryShort":"How much will social norms like living alone help in the current crisis?","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2020-03-28T10:37:26.200564Z","entity":"article","guid":"0208c2c7-1cca-4402-9734-ac973046e229","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden","modifiedDateTime":"2020-04-16T09:30:03.49511Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041127},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists","_id":"5f31355683a9c060439cfd02","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Private dinners where men discuss feelings and equality have taken off in Sweden. But the concept isn’t without controversy.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFew topics are off-limits at the male-only meetings attended by Swedish entrepreneur and environmentalist Johannes Wretljung Persson. The impact of porn, groping in clubs and misogynist banter at work have already been widely debated.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 33-year-old says the goal is to create an environment in which a handful of men can “talk about inequality and patriarchy, and how to be a better human being”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It’s things people have done in the past, that they realise, ‘This is so bad that I did this!’,” adds Tård Wennerborg, a tech worker who is another attendee and organiser of the events, which take place in Västerås, west of Stockholm. “Also things you haven't done – you have heard other people say things or do things, and you haven’t reacted or opposed it.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAcross Sweden, thousands of men have participated in these single-gender get-togethers in recent years, according to non-profit organisations \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.makeequal.se\u002F\"\u003EMake Equal\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmfj.se\u002F\"\u003EMÄN\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which work to promote equality. Events have ranged from candle-lit dinner parties to debates over take-away tacos or simple coffee evenings after work in empty offices. Many follow set guidelines such as asking participants to speak for a similar amount of time on a specific gender-related topic without interruption (and with complete confidentiality). Others serve as more informal support sessions in which men focus on their own current relationships and mental health.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘The interest was enormous’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlthough Swedish feminist groups have long encouraged men to participate in discussions about gender equality and identity, all-male talk groups took off exponentially in 2016, in the wake of a \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnewsbeat\u002Farticle\u002F36713031\u002Fmore-than-40-sex-assaults-reported-at-two-swedish-festivals\"\u003Estring of assaults against women at Swedish music festivals\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The female co-founder of Make Equal, Ida Östensson, posted on Facebook that men should consider getting their own private groups together to discuss the problem. Her call went viral within minutes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“The interest was enormous,” reflects the organisation’s spokesperson Kristina Wicksell Bukhari. “Many men had felt frustrated to get accused of being ‘responsible’ [as a gender] without being able to be a part of the solution, being able to do something about it.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe organisation created a website with suggested topics and advice on how to make the most of conversations. The hashtag ‘killmiddag’ (which translates as ‘guy’s dinner’ or \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.killmiddag.se\u002Findex_eng.html\"\u003E‘guys talk’\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in English) began trending.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe rise of the Me Too movement the following year kept the concept in the spotlight. Despite Sweden’s reputation as a world leader in championing women’s rights, there were high-profile accounts of sexual assaults and discrimination in Swedish industries across \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aftonbladet.se\u002Fnyheter\u002Fa\u002F3Lrp0\u002Fover-4-000-kvinnliga-jurister-i-upprop-mot-sexuella-trakasserier\"\u003Elaw\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Farkitekten.se\u002Fnyheter\u002Fhar-ar-arkitektkarens-berattelser-om-sexuella-trakasserier\u002F\"\u003Earchitecture\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-europe-45704915\"\u003Ethe arts\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, alongside \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thelocal.se\u002F20181210\u002Fone-year-on-what-did-metoo-achieve-in-sweden\"\u003Ecalls for structural change\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOther Swedish groups working to promote equality helped to spread the word about killmiddag and stepped up their own similar initiatives. MÄN put on outreach events in 30 towns and cities for men to discuss the concerns of the Me Too movement, which included analysing anonymous texts by men describing their behaviours. The organisation also \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmfj.se\u002Fassets\u002Fdocuments\u002Fsamtalsguide-2019.pdf\"\u003Ecreated its own online material\u003C\u002Fa\u003E designed to encourage smaller structured discussion sessions geared around personal reflection. Meetings are still happening around the country.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“A lot of guys that have been in the groups say maybe just after the first session that, ‘Well, I never talked about this with anybody, not even my closest friends’,” says Mattias Lindholm, vice-president of MÄN’s branch in Uppsala, north of Stockholm. “I think that says something about the kind of safe space that we can create.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s a view backed up by David Midhage, a 31-year-old construction engineer who participated in a series of structured killmiddag events in the city last year after hearing about MÄN’s initiative via Facebook.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“At first I was really sceptical about joining at all, because it is a foreign thing to do as a man to talk about those kinds of feelings and experiences,” he recalls. “But it was really a relief to hear other men’s experiences regarding ‘How should I act?’, ‘How should I not act’... they had the same kind of confusion like I had.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHe says it was easier to share his emotions and experiences with strangers, rather than break the norms of his friendship group, in which feelings or debates about gender identity are not typical topics of conversation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWicksell Bukhari at Make Equal says she has also received “awesome feedback” from the female partners of those who have participated in killmiddag dinners, who have acknowledged the benefits of offering men a new arena in which to discuss equality or other sensitive topics.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It's pretty common that men only speak with their girlfriends about their feelings and their relationships and their traumas,” she says. “The women don’t have to do all the talking and the supporting now.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe challenge of self-selection\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet while male-only discussions have clearly had an impact for many on a personal level, even their most vocal advocates have raised concerns that participants are self-selecting.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It's hard to attract the ones that maybe most need this, because they would probably not go to these meetings voluntarily,” reflects Tård Wennerborg, who has attended and arranged both large-scale and more intimate events for MÄN in Västerås.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJohannes Wretljung Persson, however, points out that most participants have so far had a “broad spectrum” of job titles and interests including teachers, politicians, craftsmen and sport fans “coming from quite a masculine culture”. He hopes that as the concept spreads, it will have a knock-on effect on influencing conversations and behaviours outside meetings, in an increasingly wide range of workplaces and friendship groups.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut supper clubs aren’t embraced by everyone as a solution to inequality. Anneli Häyrén, a researcher at Uppsala University’s Centre for Gender Science, argues that all-male groups risk perpetuating “negative masculinity”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShe believes those who “don't really know when they are harassing or not harassing” could end up still confused about where to draw the line, and argues that efforts in mixed-gendered settings, such as increased education and structured discussions in schools and workplaces, would have a wider impact.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EKillmiddag attendees like Wretljung Persson, however, argue that just as women’s networks are widely regarded as useful safe spaces in which to hold productive discussions on gender norms, men can also be constructive in similar environments. “I think it's like a necessary evil until society is more equal,” says Wretljung Persson. “In one of these meetings, no question is a bad one.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDavid Midhage in Uppsala says it is important to differentiate Sweden’s all-male discussions from radical men’s rights groups or incel forums who feel discriminated against in an increasingly feminist climate. However, he accepts that there might be some overlap when it comes to shared frustrations, such the uncertainty of how or when to approach women in a post Me Too world.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“That raises the bar even further for those kind of persons who are isolated,” he says. “I can kind of understand where their resentment comes from.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut any kind of misogynistic comments are unwelcome at killmiddag meetings, and he believes anyone who crossed the line would be quickly called out by other attendees. “I would say it would happen quite naturally that people would question – perhaps not in very confronting way, like, ‘I believe that that was a stupid thing to do’, but more like, ‘What was the reason behind doing this and that?’.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOther critics have bemoaned the killmiddag concept for undermining traditional notions of masculinity, which they argue should be preserved. Ivar Arpi, a Swedish author and political columnist, says that although he has “nothing against” those who want to discuss their feelings around a dinner table, many men would not feel comfortable with the concept and would rather adopt tactics such as channelling their emotions and frustrations into sport.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It's not a universally good idea to talk about stuff. And it's not universally good to locate your problems to masculinity,” he argues. Arpi points to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rand.org\u002Fcontent\u002Fdam\u002Frand\u002Fpubs\u002Fresearch_reports\u002FRR1000\u002FRR1082\u002FRAND_RR1082.pdf\"\u003Eresearch\u003C\u002Fa\u003E which suggests that factors other than gender-related attitudes can also play a role in sexual assault and harassment. These include perpetrators’ alcohol or substance abuse, other criminal activities, personality disorders or their own previous experiences of sexual abuse.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Encouraging men to talk to each other in a general sense is perhaps more important than ever as the Covid-19 pandemic continues","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“The focus should be on those groups of men that are most likely to commit these crimes, not on all men. Solutions like killmiddag make the participants feel better about themselves, for sure, but they fall short of achieving anything beyond that,” he argues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever, there is no set profile of a sex offender, and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\u002Fnyheter-och-press\u002Fnyhetsarkiv\u002F2019\u002Fmaj\u002Fsexuella-trakasserier-och-overgrepp-utbrett-i-befolkningen\u002F\"\u003ESweden’s Public Health Agency\u003C\u002Fa\u003E last year labelled the extent of sexual assault and harassment against women “a major public health problem”. Half of all women questioned for its research said they had experienced some form of harassment, compared to just one in 10 men.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe impact of Covid-19\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAway from debates about how much influence all-male discussion groups can have on limiting sex crimes, supporters of the concept argue that encouraging men to talk to each other in a general sense is perhaps more important than ever as the Covid-19 pandemic continues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJohannes Wretljung Persson reflects that even though \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-europe-52076293\"\u003ESweden has not introduced a full lockdown\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, “loneliness or people being single and isolated” is a concern for some members of his group alongside \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.expressen.se\u002Fnyheter\u002Fcoronaviruset\u002Fkvinnor-isoleras-med-sina-valdsamma-man\u002F\"\u003Eincreased levels of domestic violence\u003C\u002Fa\u003E on a national level. Events have, of course, moved online, in step with national guidelines surrounding social distancing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the northern Swedish city of Örnsköldsvik, Jon Moraeus, who also runs digital killmiddag events, says his group has been discussing how men can handle uncertainty. There are growing concerns about personal and national finances as the global economy is hit by the pandemic, and intense scientific disagreements in Sweden about whether it’s taken the right approach.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think that often men think things should be ‘black’ or ‘white’ ... one thing we touched upon in our last meeting was ‘How okay is it to just not know?’,” says the 38-year-old, who is a mental health coach and council worker.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMake Equal’s Wicksell Bukhari says another suggested current dinner topic is how male gender norms may be feeding into evidence that Swedish men are more likely than women to ignore social-distancing guidelines. “I think that has to do with the toxic masculinity in a lot of ways. The picture that you have to be independent and not do things for others, for example.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe future\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMake Equal has recently expanded its outreach work to include a book and two podcast series called ‘Everything we don’t talk about’, which builds on many of the topics already discussed at killmiddag events. It has also started working with organisations in other countries to try and expand the concept of killmiddag globally, although its organisers are cautious about committing to when the project will spring into action.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think all men can become better at expressing their feelings and managing their feelings and reading other people's needs,” concludes Wicksell Bukhari. “Even those who have had a feminist awakening, they need this [help] and they are not perfect.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I would definitely recommend it,” adds former killmiddag sceptic David Midhage. “The more difficult you find a topic to talk about, the more important it is to talk about.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAdditional research by Alexander Maxia\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists-8"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-05-04T16:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Sweden’s male-only supper clubs...for feminists","headlineShort":"Sweden’s exclusive men’s clubs","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Private dinners where men discuss feelings and equality have taken off in Sweden. But the concept isn’t without controversy.","summaryShort":"Can all-male supper clubs promote equality?","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2020-05-04T02:12:38.083183Z","entity":"article","guid":"72f57ba2-08b2-4e35-93f2-460b324a0c48","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists","modifiedDateTime":"2020-05-06T14:05:20.181182Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041128},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth","_id":"5f31355783a9c060439d05c8","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fmaddy-savage"],"bodyIntro":"A high income is a badge of success in many countries, but in Sweden a deep-rooted cultural code called Jantelagen stops many from talking about it.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAs we head into 2020, we're running the best, most insightful and most essential Worklife stories from 2019. Read all of the year's biggest hits \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn Stockholm’s richest inner-city neighbourhood, Östermalm, private yachts and floating cocktail bars hug the marina. The adjacent tree-lined boulevard, Strandvägen, boasts some of the most expensive real estate in the Swedish capital, as well as exclusive boutiques and independent restaurants. Nearby, ornate 18th Century buildings house luxurious office spaces and private member’s bars.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E The area is packed with people in designer sunglasses soaking up the autumn sunshine. But finding someone who’s comfortable talking about their wealth is almost impossible.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I'm not going to tell you how much I make because I don't know why I should – Robert Ingemarsson","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I'm not going to tell you how much I make because I don't know why I should,” says 30-year-old Robert Ingemarsson, who has a senior job in marketing. Asked what he does with his money, he says simply: “I spend it on stocks. I like investing”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EVictor Hesse, 24, who’s out shopping, says he’s about to embark on an international talent programme for a major Swedish brand. But when asked about his salary, he says: “That’s classified”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStandard narratives about Sweden tend to highlight its social democracy, high taxes and low income inequality by global standards. But while this stereotype is rooted in facts, the gap between the rich and the poor has been steadily widening since the 1990s. The top 20% of the population \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fread.oecd-ilibrary.org\u002Feconomics\u002Foecd-economic-surveys-sweden-2017_eco_surveys-swe-2017-en#page12\"\u003Enow earn four times as much as the bottom 20%.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Video","iFrameType":"","videoImage":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p07qgy4w","videoImageAlign":"centre","videoTitle":"Young, Swedish and…. rich?","videoUrn":["p07qgx5d"],"id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVideo by Maddy Savage and Benoît Derrier.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA high income is a badge of success in many countries, but Swedes have a deep-rooted aversion to talking about their cash. Our repeated efforts to arrange interviews with young, wealthy Swedes proved tricky; off-the-record, people were happy to talk about large second homes, family yachts, sports cars or champagne sprees in nightclubs, but getting them to formalise their comments was a struggle.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I have a feeling that it will come across as bragging, which unfortunately I don’t feel comfortable with,” read one text message that seemed representative of the sentiment felt by many. Others agreed to be interviewed and then became “too busy” or simply ghosted us.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut why is this? While discussing your wealth feels perfectly appropriate in some parts of the world, why does it seem like nobody in Stockholm is proud of being rich?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe concept of \u003Cem\u003EJantelagen\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELola Akinmade Åkerström, an author on Swedish culture who’s been living in Stockholm for more than a decade, says talking about money is “a very uncomfortable subject” in Sweden. She argues that boasting about wealth – or even discussing a moderate salary with a stranger – is such a taboo that many Swedes would actually feel “more comfortable talking about sex and bodily functions”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is a view shared by Stina Dahlgren, a 28-year-old Swedish journalist who spent several years living in the US. “Over in the States, when you say that you're earning a lot of money, people are cheering for you and they say: ‘good for you, good work’. But over here in Sweden, if you say that you have a good salary... people think you're weird,” she says. “You don’t ask about salaries, you don't ask about money.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr856"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Lola Åkerström","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMany cultural commentators agree that a large part of the taboo can be explained by a deep-rooted Nordic code called \u003Cem\u003EJantelagen\u003C\u002Fem\u003E, which promotes the idea of never thinking you are better than anyone else and calling out those who break this norm.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Jantelagen is an unspoken societal rule that exists here in Sweden and a lot of the Nordics,” explains Akinmade Åkerström, who explores the topic in her book Lagom: The Swedish Secret of Living Well. “It’s about not being too flashy, not bragging unnecessarily, and it's a way of kind of keeping everybody – for the most part – equal... to remove sources of stress within group settings.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Jantelagen… is about not being too flashy, not bragging unnecessarily, and it's a way of kind of keeping everybody – for the most part – equal – Lola Akinmade Äkerström","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EJantelagen – which translates to The Law of Jante in English – takes its name from a rule-abiding town called Jante which featured in a fictional book by Norwegian-Danish author Aksel Sandemose in 1933. But Dr Stephen Trotter, a Scottish-Norwegian academic who \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gla.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002Fmedia_404385_en.pdf\"\u003Ewrote about the concept\u003C\u002Fa\u003E while he was working at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, says its sentiment has existed in the Nordics – especially in rural areas – for centuries.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Jantelagen is a mechanism for social control,” he argues. “It’s not just about wealth, it’s about not pretending to know more than you do or acting above your station.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs a shorthand for celebrating modesty and humbleness, Jantelagen is not dissimilar to \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ftravel\u002Fstory\u002F20170607-why-are-australians-so-laid-back\"\u003Etall poppy syndrome\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a popular term in Australia and New Zealand that embraces putting down those who are showy about their wealth or status. In Scotland people talk of the ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCrab_mentality\"\u003Ecrab mentality’\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – a way of thinking that nods to a crab trying to escape from a bucket, yet being pulled back by its fellow hostages. “You could say that Scandinavia just found a buzzword that fits and sums it up better than anyone else,” says Trotter.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet he also points out that the way Jantelagen plays out in Sweden and other Nordic societies is linked to specific cultural norms in those nations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr7t8"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Waterfront, Stockholm","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“You can chat about your cabin in the woods and getting underfloor heating and a patio. People [are] not surprised by that – that is a common idea in the Nordics and a lot of people have a second home here,” he argues. “But to say you’d spent the same money on two Lamborghinis – you would probably get a bit laughed at!\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAkinmade Äkerstöm argues that while Sweden has fought hard to maintain a global image as a classless social democracy, many Swedes still surround themselves with people in similar income brackets. This, she says, means that the rules of \u003Cem\u003EJantelagen \u003C\u002Fem\u003Ecan therefore shift depending on the company; bragging is more acceptable among those with similar backgrounds.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Behind closed doors with others of the same socio-economic status, they [richer people] are more comfortable. They can talk about their summer homes or their cars with everybody on the same level.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBack in Östermalm, Andreas Kensen, 33, who doesn’t live in the area but is spending the afternoon visiting its smart boutiques, agrees that Jantelagenis contextual. “I would definitely tell my friends that we've been out travelling or, you know, show it off on Instagram or Facebook. But it’s nothing I would tell a stranger I just met,” he explains.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA vocal backlash\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever, growing numbers of young, successful Swedes are starting to criticise Jantelagen, and calling for a more vocal conversation about wealth and success.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese include Nicole Falciani, 22, who began earning money from blogging as a teenager and is now a major influencer, with 354,000 followers on Instagram. At a glamorous wedding-themed jewellery shoot at an out-of-town allotment cafe, she doesn’t bat an eyelid when asked to tell us her typical fee: around $20,000 per campaign. It’s money she mostly spends on designer bags and travel, having bought a city centre apartment at the age of 20.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr7r3"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Andreas Kensen","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I would love it if Jantelagen would disappear, because I think that would be so much better for everyone living here... Our society would be much more open if we could talk about money,” she argues. “It's quite a nice thought that everyone should be equal and that we are all the same. But it doesn't work, because if you're working harder than anyone else, then you should be proud of it.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Our society would be much more open if we could talk about money – Nicole Falciani","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ECornelius Cappelen, an associate professor in comparative politics at the University of Bergen in Norway, believes the rise of social media is behind the youth backlash against Jantelagen. He argues that blogging and video-blogging in particular support the kind of “rampant individualism” that promotes standing out from the crowd, which has, until recently, been far less prevalent in Nordic countries than other western nations, particularly the US.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“More and more people use the term [Jantelagen] as an abuse – especially many young people explicitly claim that they hate the mentality,” he argues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr8jx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Nicole Falciani","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAkinmade Åkerström also believes that social media has had a major impact. Since bragging has become commonplace on Facebook and Instagram, Swedes whose personal achievements stand out have started to feel more comfortable making their success public, she argues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“There are very skilled, talented people that have been suppressed by Jantelagen, but then they’ve seen mediocre people bragging (online) with confidence.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think Jantelagen is going to slowly fade out because those people that have been repressed will start standing up and saying, ‘you know, I'm good at this!’... And social media also connects you to a wider audience that isn't familiar with Jantelagen.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe author believes that Jantelagen is also becoming less popular due to a rise in immigration. In Sweden, the most diverse of the Nordic nations, around 25% of people were born abroad or have two foreign parents. “What other cultures are bringing in is celebrating your success, celebrating talented people, celebrating skills,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s a theory welcomed by Nicole Falciani, who was born and raised in Sweden but has two Italian parents. She says that she sometimes found it tricky to work out which of the topics that she discussed at home or with relatives in Italy were socially acceptable to talk about in Swedish society.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr813"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I think it will get better, because we're getting more European, we have more foreigners living in Sweden taking their culture here. And we have a lot of American TV programmes and they don't have Jantelagen at all,” she says. However, she doubts the concept will disappear completely because it is “so rooted in Swedish culture or in Scandinavian culture”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECornelius Cappelen, the associate professor, says he’s also uncertain about the concept’s potential to disappear.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Will it stick around it the future? Well, my guess is as good as yours. But I will say this: I hope the nice aspect of it – the modesty code of not sticking one’s neck out – will continue to exist and I hope that the negative aspect of it – ‘cutting people down to size’ – will wither away.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile some immigrants to Sweden say they have embraced Jantelagen\u003Cem\u003E, \u003C\u002Fem\u003Eincluding 35-year-old Natalia Irribara, who moved to Stockholm from Chile three years ago.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think in Chile we have a really narcissistic society where accomplishments are really important – like academic qualifications, sport, being pretty... the car, the school, the house,” she says. “[Here] we have a model as a neighbour, but they never talk about ‘oh, I was in this magazine’. Another neighbour is a photographer who accomplished great things, but never talks about it.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“For me humbleness is really important, and the thing I like in Sweden is that with Jantelagen it’s not that important, those material things.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAdditional research by Emelie Svensson.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"calloutBodyHtml":"\u003Cp\u003E1. You shall not believe you are anything\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E2. You shall not believe you are as much as us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E3. You shall not believe you are wiser than us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E4. You shall not imagine you are better than us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E5. You shall not believe you know more than us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E6. You shall not believe you are more than us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E7. You shall not believe you are good for anything\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E8. You shall not laugh at us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E9. You shall not believe anyone cares about you\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E10. You shall not believe you can teach us anything\u003C\u002Fp\u003E","calloutTitle":"The Laws of Jante","cardType":"CalloutBox","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-19"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-10-09T21:11:36Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Jantelagen: Why Swedes won’t talk about wealth","headlineShort":"Where wealth is ‘more taboo than sex’","image":["p07pr7xt"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p07pr7z2"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019"],"summaryLong":"A high income is a badge of success in many countries, but in Sweden a deep-rooted cultural code called Jantelagen stops many from talking about it.","summaryShort":"Where a deep-rooted cultural code stops many from talking about money","tag":["tag\u002Fbest-of-2019","tag\u002Fthe-nordic-way"],"creationDateTime":"2019-10-08T20:30:46.255283Z","entity":"article","guid":"ed9da005-849d-4402-ac94-47387efbc26b","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-20T20:05:21.570585Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041135},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession","_id":"5f367c7a83a9c06043c5b613","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fmaddy-savage"],"bodyIntro":"Swedes have long embraced their version of staycations: hemester. Now, Covid-19 travel restrictions and remote working are reshaping the tradition.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe sweet, refreshing aroma of the surrounding pine forest wafts onto the beach at Årsunda, a lakeside tourist spot in Gävleborg, central Sweden. As in many parts of the world, staycations are popular here this summer, with Covid-19 putting would-be travellers off venturing too far from home. Plus, Swedish tourists are more limited in where they’re allowed to go internationally than many other Europeans, with some countries imposing travel restrictions due to the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-europe-53498133\"\u003ENordic nation’s high infection rate in relation to its population size.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We were supposed to go to Sicily earlier in the year, but that didn’t happen, so we came here instead,” says Saga Norman, a student who’s tucking into a salad at a beachside restaurant. “But it’s actually pretty common we are up here in the summer.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 22-year-old lives in Stockholm, but her parents own a traditional Swedish wooden summer house – built by her grandfather – near the lake. \"There's fewer people, it's much quieter and it gives a soothing feeling that you can't get in cities,\" adds her digital-marketer boyfriend Alexander Sandvik, 23, who has joined her for the trip.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven before Covid-19, there was a long-running national obsession with staycations in Sweden. Here, they’re known as ‘hemester’, which comes from the Swedish words for home, ‘hem’\u003Cem\u003E,\u003C\u002Fem\u003E and holiday, ‘semester’. While hemester can mean you’re simply staying put in your apartment or house during your annual leave, it is also commonly used to talk more generally about taking a vacation anywhere within your own country. Despite a growing trend for international holidays over the past few decades (before the Covid-19 pandemic, Swedes were \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thelocal.se\u002F20170925\u002Fswedes-the-fourth-best-travelled-in-the-world-report\"\u003Eamong the most-travelled nationalities in the world\u003C\u002Fa\u003E), spending time in summer homes remained a calendar staple for both wealthy families and those on lower incomes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think in the Swedish mentality, it becomes something almost necessary in order to connect with nature and recharge your batteries for long, dark and cold winter,” explains Jennifer Dahlberg, a US-born blogger and author who is currently writing a book set in the Stockholm archipelago, where she’s spent summers for the past two decades.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08nl2vf"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERecapturing traditions\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor a large proportion of Swedes, hemester is an experience similar to Norman and Sandvik’s idyllic lakeside break. Around 20% of the population own a summer cottage or cabin (classified as such because they can’t be used during colder winter months), while more than 50% have access to one via family or friends, according to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scb.se\u002Fen\u002FAbout-us\u002Fnews-and-press-releases\u002Fhundreds-of-thousands-swedes-own-holiday-homes-in-other-municipalities\u002F\"\u003EStatistics Sweden\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Meanwhile there’s no lack of beauty spots; two-thirds of the country is covered in forest, there are 30 national parks and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scb.se\u002Fen\u002Ffinding-statistics\u002Fstatistics-by-subject-area\u002Fenvironment\u002Fland-use\u002Fland-use-in-proximity-to-shoreline\u002Fpong\u002Fstatistical-news\u002Fcoast-shores-and-islands-in-sweden-2013\u002F\"\u003Enearly 270,000 islands\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08nl98n"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESwedes have plenty of time for hemester-ing too, with most employers offering staff a minimum of 25 days annual leave. Many companies and organisations also allow employees to take four consecutive weeks off, typically between late June and mid-August. (Cue a deluge of out-of-office responses while attempting to research this article in the middle of the hemester season.)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGunnar Andersson, a professor of demography at Stockholm University who replied from his aunt’s summer cottage in Östergötland in southern Sweden, says the hemester tradition is partly linked to the country’s historically rural lifestyle.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Only a few generations ago, most people lived out in the forest, in the countryside. And before we were urbanised, we lived on farms that were much, much more scattered than other parts of Europe.” This means that many people still have family roots in rural locations, he says, while others want to keep up the Nordic tradition of spending time close to nature, known as \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Ffriluftsliv\"\u003Efriluftsliv\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, even if they usually live and work in cities. “You also see that when people have children, then suddenly it's very important that [they] should have access to being close to a forest.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDahlberg observes that while owning a second home is viewed as “rather elite” in many countries, Swedes tend not to consider it such a privilege, with properties often passed down through generations. “A lot of these summer residences are things that perhaps were acquired at reasonable prices,” she explains. “Not every home is equipped to the nines. Many of them are very rustic – you may not have indoor plumbing.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDahlberg reflects that whatever the size or the price of a staycation property, many Swedes have a similar approach when it comes to hemester activities. While flopping on a lakeside beach might play a role, walks, sport and DIY are also common pastimes, especially among those bunching together four weeks or more off work.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“They’re very active. Some people paint their houses. There’s boating life, kayaking, windsurfing,” she says. “I think the most exhausting thing can be socialising, because Swedes become very social during this period. There are lots of lunches, dinners or picnics – although social distancing is of course important now.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08nl3cv"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn Östergötland, professor Andersson lists mushroom foraging and berry picking as other common staycation pastimes, and says he’s often kept busy doing small-scale renovations and gardening. “There’s a little lake here and we are also going fishing. Last week we were out getting crayfish, which was a kind of enjoyment.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESocial distancing and remote working\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn Hemnet, the country’s largest listings site for properties, summer homes currently for sale in Gävleborg in central Sweden start from one-room renovation projects available for 200,000 kronor ($23,000) to high-spec four-bedroom houses with large gardens fetching 3,000,000 kronor ($344,000). Prices are cheaper in more remote locations further north, but significantly higher in the archipelago surrounding the capital, Stockholm, where a small cabin could set you back more than 1,000,000 kronor ($115,000) and mansions on private islands sell for 30,000,000 kronor ($3,438,000).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDespite Sweden’s economy experiencing its \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-53664354\"\u003Ebiggest hit for at least 40 years\u003C\u002Fa\u003E during the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic, estate agents have reported rising demand for summer houses in 2020. Prices in June were 9% higher than a year ago, according to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.maklarstatistik.se\u002Fpressmeddelanden\u002Fvillapriserna-fortsatte-uppat-i-juni-sma-prisandringar-pa-bostadsratter-under-stor-omsattning\u002F\"\u003Enational Swedish broker statistics\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, while villas suitable for year-round living also nudged up by 2%. Separate figures from Hemnet show that between 15% to 25% more vacation homes have been sold each week over the last few months compared to the same period last year.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Despite Sweden’s economy experiencing its biggest hit for at least 40 years during the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic, estate agents have reported rising demand for summer houses in 2020","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAmir Kabbani, an agent at Länsförsäkringar Fastighetsförmedling, a major realtor in Sweden, says it is important to put the summer house boom in the context of several years of low interest rates and a growing \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fprogrammes\u002Fp078q7fq\"\u003Enational environmental movement\u003C\u002Fa\u003E led by Swedish teenager Greta Thunberg. However, he believes Covid-19 is by far the largest driving factor, with growing numbers of Swedes seeking staycation properties in beauty spots, because travelling abroad remains challenging.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“You can come out here, to the nature, and it’s very calming and relaxing,” he explains from his office in Gustavsberg, a waterfront town in the Stockholm archipelago. “In the city it’s pretty crowded and if you live in an apartment, if you have children inside playing, it’s a tough environment.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08nl2w6"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWith the Public Health Agency advising Swedes to continue working from home, he says the majority of buyers in his region are also looking for properties where they can work efficiently. This means that places with fibre broadband, strong phone signals and suitable home-office space are attracting more attention than rustic retreats. Meanwhile Kabbani says the average age of potential buyers has dropped, with more couples in their 30s showing up for viewings. “It’s become kind of trendy to have a summer house… it’s people having good jobs, having a good cash flow and now [finding it] easier to work outside Stockholm and stay away from the city.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt Hemnet, spokesperson Staffan Tell says the listings site has also identified an increasing nationwide interest in homes which optimise the remote working experience. “Detached houses and vacation homes have been in great demand, whereas apartments have been less popular relatively speaking,” he says. “More people are dreaming about having their own garden. Being able to have a home office and more living space also appears to be more popular than before.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPriced out of the market\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are some concerns that the rising interest in summer homes may fuel an \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnordregio.org\u002Fnordregio-magazine\u002Fissues\u002Fstate-of-the-nordic-region-2020\u002Fsweden-inequality-in-sweden-grows-much-faster-than-in-the-nordics-overall\u002F\"\u003Ealready growing income gap\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in Sweden, a country with a reputation for championing equality. Families who own properties are set to benefit from the high demand, since they can sell at inflated prices or make money from renting them out to holidaymakers. But those without second homes could end up even further from entering the market.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think there is a risk of getting a difference in how we spend our vacations,” says Lena Lid Falkman, an economist and expert in work-life trends at Stockholm School of Economics. “Since there is such a need and interest for summer homes, prices go up so the people that are less rich don't have the same possibilities.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Not every home is equipped to the nines. Many of them are very rustic – you may not have indoor plumbing – Jennifer Dahlberg","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThere are no national figures on the ethnicity of summer home owners in Sweden, but residents born abroad or with two non-European parents are set to be disproportionately affected. These groups are already less likely to spend time in these kinds of properties compared to native Swedes, according to research for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scb.se\u002Fcontentassets\u002F6834eab09f2c4758bb3fd9c015e765a8\u002Fle0105_2019a01_br_be57br1901.pdf\"\u003EStatistics Sweden\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I've been a single mum for about five years and with two kids and a mortgage for our main home, I'm not able to stretch my finances,” says Noor Sisask, 39, an Iraqi-born citizen who works for an e-learning start-up in Stockholm. She and her children are obsessed with nature and would jump at the chance to have their own cabin, but instead typically go camping or stay with friends over the summer. “I still feel we're privileged to be able to afford to do some fun things despite not having our own place,” she reflects. “I think many Swedes have been used to [second home ownership] and don't perhaps see what a luxury it is. That's easier for immigrants to spot and desire.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08nl2m1"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EReviving rural communities\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDespite rising prices and demand for second homes, some experts believe there will be a silver lining when it comes to Covid-19 and the summer property ladder, especially for middle-income, dual-earning couples. This is because the remote-working boom is making it easier to invest in less expensive areas further away from buyers’ base cities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We have seen a tendency that more people are searching for homes outside of their county of residence. It is hard to know for certain if this is because of Covid-19, but it is possible that as more people are working from home, proximity to the office becomes less important,” says Staffan Tell at Hemnet.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJulian Stubbs, who runs a global branding agency from Stockholm and is an \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.julianstubbs.com\u002F\"\u003Eauthor and speaker\u003C\u002Fa\u003E on remote working, believes that will eventually lead to growing numbers of Swedes living in the countryside more permanently.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think there’s going to be a trend of people moving out of cities, actually moving to cheaper locations where they can afford a better life,” he says. Although this tendency is also emerging in other countries including the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-53670199\"\u003EUK\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fedition.cnn.com\u002F2020\u002F05\u002F02\u002Fus\u002Fcities-population-coronavirus\u002Findex.html\"\u003EUS\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Stubbs believes it will happen at a more rapid pace in Sweden due to high levels of trust between employers and employees, an existing culture of flexible working and a tech-savvy society with strong infrastructure. “Provided you’ve got great broadband, the right kind of services, schools, all the things those new people are going to want moving out the cities, I think remote places could do rather well out of this.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s a prediction Lena Lid Falkman at Stockholm School of Economics agrees with, and one which she hopes will help revive Sweden’s rural communities. But she’s not convinced everyone who’s splashed out on Swedish summer homes in 2020 will embrace countryside living long-term.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“To some extent people will start selling, because there is a difference between going somewhere on holiday and having a summer house,” she explains. “You need to cut the grass. You need to paint. You need to fix the water. So both financially and work-related, some people might get tired of having a holiday home, even though this is a tradition.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBack in the Stockholm archipelago, writer Dahlberg says she’s also sceptical about Swedes sticking purely to staycations in the future, and suspects those who can afford foreign adventures will start taking them again as travel restrictions ease up.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think that this summer has been a nice way to kind of reflect and reconnect with a lot of the beauty that's in Sweden,” she says. “But we'll see what happens if we get a handle on this virus. Maybe the ‘wanderlust’ is just too strong.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession-14"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-08-14T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The Swedish staycation obsession","headlineShort":"The Swedish staycation obsession","image":["p08nl2vp"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p08nl2w6"],"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200328-how-to-self-isolate-what-we-can-learn-from-sweden","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200429-swedens-male-only-supper-clubsfor-feminists","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Swedes have long embraced their version of staycations: hemester. Now, Covid-19 travel restrictions and remote working are reshaping the tradition.","summaryShort":"Why summer cottages are more popular than ever, even during Covid-19","tag":["tag\u002Fwork-life-balance"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-08-13T20:23:27.215183Z","entity":"article","guid":"6c9bafc0-a2ee-49bd-8d6b-0202806038b0","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession","modifiedDateTime":"2020-08-14T11:58:33.255587Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200813-the-swedish-staycation-obsession","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041127},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative","_id":"5f31355283a9c060439cec5d","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Many of us know what it’s like to be in a state of creative flow. Do you have to wait for inspiration to strike, or can you hack ‘the zone’?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EGrowing up in World War Two-ravaged Europe, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi saw the adults around him struggling to rebuild their lives – and often losing the will to try. He became preoccupied by a question that doesn’t trouble most kids: what makes life worth living?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECsikszentmihalyi moved from Hungary to the US to study psychology and the question that had obsessed him since childhood.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHe wondered how wealth fit into the happiness equation, but the data suggested money wasn’t the answer; beyond a certain, basic threshold, increases in income hardly affected well-being. So, as he recounted in a\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ted.com\u002Ftalks\u002Fmihaly_csikszentmihalyi_on_flow\"\u003E TED talk\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E enticingly subtitled The Secret to Happiness, he decided to explore “where in everyday life, in our normal experience, do we feel really happy?”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECsikszentmihalyi thought that creatives – artists, painters, musicians – might have some insight. There must be some reason why they toiled away at projects unlikely to yield fame or fortune. Did something about their process bring them fulfilment? What made their sacrifice worthwhile? One composer told Csikszentmihalyi how, when his work was going well, he experienced a kind of ecstasy. He didn’t need to think, he lost track of time and the music would “just flow out”. Csikszentmihalyi heard athletes, poets, chess players describe the same phenomenon.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Flow is associated with subjective well-being, satisfaction with life and general happiness. At work, it’s linked to productivity, motivation and company loyalty","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIndeed, there was something special happening. Csikszentmihalyi called this trance-like altered state of total absorption and effortless concentration ‘flow’.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat was 40 years ago. Since then Csikszentmihalyi, along with colleagues all over the world, has studied Himalayan climbers, Dominican monks, Navajo shepherds and thousands of others. To all of our good fortune, the researchers have found that ‘flow’ is not the exclusive realm of artists. In fact, we can experience flow whenever we are fully engaged with our work or hobbies or relationships, in mountains and monasteries alike.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA state of ‘flow’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA handful of conditions characterise the ‘flow state’.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“There's this focus that, once it becomes intense, leads to a sense of ecstasy, a sense of clarity: you know exactly what you want to do from one moment to the other; you get immediate feedback,” Csikszentmihalyi said in his February 2004 TED talk. “You know that what you need to do is possible to do, even though difficult, and sense of time disappears, you forget yourself, you feel part of something larger. And once the conditions are present, what you are doing becomes worth doing for its own sake.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESome people also call this period of hyperfocus ‘being in the zone’. Whether you call it ‘flow’ or ‘the zone’, it's not just a state of mind. It’s accompanied by physiological changes, too. In a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F20515220\"\u003E2010 Swedish study on classical pianists\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the musicians who entered flow exhibited deepened breathing and slowed heart rates. Even the facial muscles that enable us to smile were activated.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe benefits of being in the zone stretch beyond the experience itself. Flow is \u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcore.ac.uk\u002Fdownload\u002Fpdf\u002F82565459.pdf\"\u003Eassociated with\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E subjective well-being, satisfaction with life and general happiness. At work, it’s linked to productivity, motivation and company loyalty.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESome people \u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fspringer.iq-technikum.de\u002Freferenceworkentry\u002F10.1007\u002F978-3-319-47829-6_1587-1#howtocite\"\u003Emay be naturally prone \u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003Eto flow – especially those who score high on personality tests for conscientiousness and openness to experience, and low on measures of neuroticism. But if you don’t experience flow every day, can you find a way to trigger it?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGetting into the zone\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFirst, you must create the optimal conditions to get to your flow state.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Avoid noisy environments and opportunity for interruptions,” advises Giovanni Moneta, an academic psychologist at London Metropolitan University and the author of Positive Psychology: A Critical Introduction.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe activity makes a difference, too. “We need to engage in activities that are meaningful to us, that we find challenging and for which we feel that we have the skills required to come out as winners.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe are more likely to access the flow state when engaged in tasks we’ve already practiced. Think of the expert figure skater on the rink or the confident singer at the microphone. The level of difficulty should also be just right – not so easy that you find yourself bored, but not so hard that you get stressed.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"When people are mindful, their blood pressure comes down. All the physiological signs indicate greater wellbeing – Ellen Langer","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOf course, that isn’t something we can always control. American author Steven Kotler, who wrote a book about peak human performance, has admitted that, as much as we’ve learned about its biological correlates and mental benefits, “\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Ffortune.com\u002F2014\u002F03\u002F17\u002Fthe-science-behind-peak-human-performance\u002F\"\u003Eflow is still a happy accident\u003C\u002Fa\u003E when it happens. All we can do is make you more accident-prone.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd, as Moneta warns, flow can be exhausting. The work involved in completing a big project involves a lot more than the ecstatic, if preternaturally productive, periods of flow. To get to the finish line of a task, it’s just as important to slog through the boring parts and push through the uncomfortably difficult ones.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMindfulness matters\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf you’re struggling to achieve flow – or just worn out by its intensity – you might aim for \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20180802-why-everything-you-thought-about-mindfulness-may-not-be-true\"\u003Emindfulness\u003C\u002Fa\u003E instead. Think of mindfulness as a more accessible cousin of flow.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“The concepts are very similar,” says Ellen Langer, a psychology professor at Harvard who has written several books on mindfulness, creativity and belief. “The major difference is that mindfulness is a state of mind that is available to everybody virtually all the time. It’s not an unusual thing.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMindfulness confers many of the same benefits as flow, she says:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\"When people are mindful, their blood pressure comes down. All the physiological signs indicate greater wellbeing. People see you as charismatic. You’re healthier, you’re happier, your relationships are better. The things you produce are better. We have symphony musicians performing mindfully or in their typical state (over-rehearsed and mindless). We play those pieces for people who don’t know anything about the study. Close to 90% prefer the mindfully played piece.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlmost any activity can be done mindfully, too – no yoga or meditation necessary.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Simply say to yourself, ‘What are five new things about this person that I live with, this route that I’m taking home?’. Looking for new in the familiar leads us to be mindful,” says Langer. “If you’re talking to somebody and you think you know what they’re going to say, you barely listen. If you start off recognising that you don’t know, you have a very different attitude. Everything becomes more interesting, and if it’s interesting, it’s naturally engaging.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESomeone once asked me, upon learning that I was a writer, whether I “often experienced flow”. There’s a stereotype that writers and creatives can enter the zone at will – that we sit down at our laptops and the world melts away.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI’ve been practicing some of the elements of Moneta’s criteria to enter the zone for years. But I can remember accessing a state resembling flow only a few times; the vast majority of the hours I spend writing are closer to a grind than a trance. With any project, there are so many variables I can’t predict. Will my sources respond? Does the information I seek exist? Will someone send me a text starting ‘OMG’ to take me away from my focus? Plus, the idea of orchestrating a scenario in which the challenge exceeds my skills by 4% (as Kotler’s formula to enter flow recommends) strikes me as absurd.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMindfulness, though, is more manageable. I can improve my focus by putting my phone in a drawer; when a task seems overwhelming, I can pause and take a breath. I can’t say it makes me feel transcendent, but I’ll take whatever calm I can get.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E--\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETo comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Capital, please head over to our\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FBBCCapital\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003E  page or message us on \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002FBBC_Capital\"\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you liked this story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003Enewsletter\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E called \"If You Only Read 6 Things This Week\". A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Capital and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"\"}}\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative-8"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-02-05T15:21:01Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The ‘flow state’: Where creative work thrives","headlineShort":"‘Flow’: The state of effortless focus","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Many of us know what it’s like to be in a state of creative flow. Do you have to wait for inspiration to strike, or can you hack ‘the zone’?","summaryShort":"When you’re in ‘the zone’, creative work comes easily. But can you force it?","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-02-04T20:59:32.699488Z","entity":"article","guid":"2dbbd6b2-1963-4d37-a49d-372b5a66ec9e","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative","modifiedDateTime":"2019-02-04T20:59:32.699488Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041128},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting","_id":"5f31355583a9c060439cfa88","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fmanyu-jiang"],"bodyIntro":"Video chat is helping us stay employed and connected. But what makes it so tiring - and how can we reduce ‘Zoom fatigue’?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EYour screen freezes. There’s a weird echo. A dozen heads stare at you. There are the work huddles, the one-on-one meetings and then, once you’re done for the day, the hangouts with friends and family.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESince the Covid-19 pandemic hit, we’re on video calls more than ever before – and many are finding it exhausting.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut what, exactly, is tiring us out? BBC Worklife spoke to Gianpiero Petriglieri, an associate professor at Insead, who explores sustainable learning and development in the workplace, and Marissa Shuffler, an associate professor at Clemson University, who studies workplace wellbeing and teamwork effectiveness, to hear their views.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EIs video chat harder? What’s different compared to face-to-face communication?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBeing on a video call requires more focus than a face-to-face chat, says Petriglieri. Video chats mean we need to work harder to process non-verbal cues like facial expressions, the tone and pitch of the voice, and body language; paying more attention to these consumes a lot of energy. “Our minds are together when our bodies feel we're not. That dissonance, which causes people to have conflicting feelings, is exhausting. You cannot relax into the conversation naturally,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Delays on phone or conferencing systems of 1.2 seconds made people perceive the responder as less friendly or focused","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESilence is another challenge, he adds. “Silence creates a natural rhythm in a real-life conversation. However, when it happens in a video call, you became anxious about the technology.” It also makes people uncomfortable. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fabs\u002Fpii\u002FS1071581914000287\"\u003EOne 2014 study\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by German academics showed that delays on phone or conferencing systems shaped our views of people negatively: even delays of 1.2 seconds made people perceive the responder as less friendly or focused.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EYou might also like:\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E• \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus\"\u003EWhy grocery shelves won't be empty for long\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E• \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200406-coronavirus-isolation-is-creating-new-love-under-lockdown\"\u003ECoronavirus isolation is creating new couples\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E•\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200312-coronavirus-covid-19-update-work-from-home-in-a-pandemic\"\u003E How to work from home, the right way\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAn added factor, says Shuffler, is that if we are physically on camera, we are very aware of being watched. “When you're on a video conference, you know everybody's looking at you; you are on stage, so there comes the social pressure and feeling like you need to perform. Being performative is nerve-wracking and more stressful.” It’s also very hard for people not to look at their own face if they can see it on screen, or not to be conscious of how they behave in front of the camera.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow are the current circumstances contributing? \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet if video chats come with extra stressors, our Zoom fatigue can’t be attributed solely to that. Our current circumstances – whether lockdown, quarantine, working from home or otherwise – are also feeding in.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08b3dk7"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EPetriglieri believes that fact we feel forced into these calls may be a contributory factor. “The video call is our reminder of the people we have lost temporarily. It is the distress that every time you see someone online, such as your colleagues, that reminds you we should really be in the workplace together,” he says. “What I'm finding is, we’re all exhausted; It doesn't matter whether they are introverts or extroverts. We are experiencing the same disruption of the familiar context during the pandemic.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThen there’s the fact that aspects of our lives that used to be separate – work, friends, family – are all now happening in the same space. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpsycnet.apa.org\u002Frecord\u002F1986-03748-001\"\u003Eself-complexity theory\u003C\u002Fa\u003E posits that individuals have multiple aspects – context-dependent social roles, relationships, activities and goals – and we find the variety healthy, says Petriglieri. When these aspects are reduced, we become more vulnerable to negative feelings.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Imagine if you go to a bar, and in the same bar you talk with your professors, meet your parents or date someone, isn’t it weird? That’s what we’re doing now – Gianpiero Petriglieri","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Most of our social roles happen in different places, but now the context has collapsed,” says Petriglieri. “Imagine if you go to a bar, and in the same bar you talk with your professors, meet your parents or date someone, isn’t it weird? That's what we're doing now… We are confined in our own space, in the context of a very anxiety-provoking crisis, and our only space for interaction is a computer window.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShuffler says a lack of downtime after we’ve fulfilled work and family commitments may be another factor in our tiredness, while some of us may be putting higher expectations on ourselves due to worries over the economy, furloughs and job losses. “There's also that heightened sense of ‘I need to be performing at my top level in a situation’… Some of us are kind of over-performing to secure our jobs.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBut when I’m Zooming my friends, for example, shouldn’t that relax me? \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELots of us are doing big group chats for the first time, whether it’s cooking and eating a virtual Easter dinner, attending a university catch-up or holding a birthday party for a friend. If the call is meant to be fun, why might it feel tiring?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPart of it, says Shuffler, is whether you’re joining in because you want to or because you feel you ought to – like a virtual happy hour with colleagues from work. If you see it as an obligation, that means more time that you’re ‘on’ as opposed to getting a break. A proper chat with friends will feel more social and there will be less ‘Zoom fatigue’ from conversations where you’ve had a chance to be yourself.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"It doesn't matter whether you call it a virtual happy hour, it's a meeting, because mostly we are used to using these tools for work – Gianpiero Petriglieri","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBig group calls can feel particularly performative, Petriglieri warns. People like watching television because you can allow your mind to wander – but a large video call “is like you're watching television and television is watching you”. Large group chats can also feel depersonalising, he adds, because your power as an individual is diminished. And despite the branding, it may not feel like leisure time. “It doesn't matter whether you call it a virtual happy hour, it's a meeting, because mostly we are used to using these tools for work.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESo how can we alleviate Zoom fatigue?  \u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBoth experts suggest limiting video calls to those that are necessary. Turning on the camera should be optional and in general there should be more understanding that cameras do not always have to be on throughout each meeting. Having your screen off to the side, instead of straight ahead, could also help your concentration, particularly in group meetings, says Petriglieri. It makes you feel like you’re in an adjoining room, so may be less tiring.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn some cases it’s worth considering if video chats are really the most efficient option. When it comes to work, Shuffler suggests shared files with clear notes can be a better option that avoids information overload. She also suggests taking time during meetings to catch up before diving into business. “Spend some time to actually check into people's wellbeing,” she urges. “It’s a way to reconnect us with the world, and to maintain trust and reduce fatigue and concern.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBuilding transition periods in between video meetings can also help refresh us – try stretching, having a drink or doing a bit of exercise, our experts say. Boundaries and transitions are important; we need to create buffers which allow us to put one identity aside and then go to another as we move between work and private personas.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd maybe, says Petriglieri, if you want to reach out, go old-school. “Write a letter to someone instead of meeting them on Zoom. Tell them you really care about them.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting-8"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fremote-control"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-04-22T18:25:32Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The reason Zoom calls drain your energy","headlineShort":"Why Zoom calls are so exhausting","image":["p08b3h47"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"Video chat is helping us stay employed and connected. But what makes it so tiring - and how can we reduce ‘Zoom fatigue’?","summaryShort":"Video chat is great at keeping us connected - but why is it so tiring?","tag":["tag\u002Fcovid-19"],"creationDateTime":"2020-04-21T19:44:32.538418Z","entity":"article","guid":"a6be2a40-33bd-4f9b-8f7f-a6bfa9f979d1","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting","modifiedDateTime":"2020-04-27T00:08:50.94853Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041134},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus","_id":"5f31355683a9c060439cfe01","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Covid-19 has forced us to exercise indoors. But home fitness has been shaping our lives for decades.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMost people remember their first encounter with home fitness. As a kid in the early ‘90s, I remember waking up extra early at the weekends to watch a TV programme called ‘Mousercise’, a Disney show with aerobics instructors in full Mickey and Minnie costumes teaching kids calisthenics. I was far too lazy to participate, but was fascinated by the spectacle nonetheless.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor those born slightly earlier, home fitness might be defined by memories of Jane Fonda grapevining across their TV screen in legwarmers, while for others it might be taking their inaugural steps on that weird-looking contraption known as a treadmill.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Fstory\u002F20200428-home-workouts-as-essential-viewing-jane-fonda-to-joe-wicks\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EBBC Culture: Home workouts as essential viewing\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EThe reason Zoom calls drain your energy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200330-covid-19-how-to-learn-a-new-skill-in-coronavirus-quarantine\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EHow to avoid burnout amid a pandemic\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHome fitness has been in our lives for decades – and it’s taken on a new role since the Covid-19 pandemic closed gyms around the world. Whether it’s a yoga class on Zoom or panic-buying a Peloton, many of us are trying to find ways to exercise effectively within four walls. But where did the industry of Thighmaster and Wii Fit come from – and where’s it heading after the pandemic?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAt first, mostly geared toward women\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EExercising has been around for a long time; \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fnccdphp\u002Fsgr\u002Fintro2.htm\"\u003Eyoga in India, tai chi in China and Olympic training in Greece go back thousands of years\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, for example. But ‘fitness’ as we know it today is a relatively new construct, not even 200 years old. One of the earliest examples comes from an \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fhealth-28858090\"\u003Eillustrated guidebook written in 1861\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in Victorian England, which shows women in petticoats and men in neckties exercising different muscle groups. The idea for the daily regimen came from Gustav Ernst, an orthopaedic machinist in London who invented the portable home gym, a device made of mahogany boards, cords, weights and pulleys.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn those pre-transport days, people had more exercise built organically into their day. Gyms were rare; those that existed were almost exclusively frequented by men and “weren’t places where you’d be proud to be seen”, says Natalia Mehlman Petrzela, an associate professor of history at The New School in New York City who’s writing a book about the fitness industry. “They were seen as kind of seedy places where lowlifes would hang out.” And while people (mostly men) played sports, getting sweaty on purpose for health or appearance just wasn’t something most people did.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHome fitness as we know it in the West started to appear sometime after World War Two, with the US behind many of the trends that subsequently swept the globe. Many Americans had bigger homes after the war, plus a huge technological innovation: the television. The economy was booming, young married couples moved to suburbs, people were driving more and public health concerns about obesity started to emerge.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Trends towards open-plan living and technological developments fueled appetite for staying healthy, conveniently, at home – James Stark","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Trends towards open-plan living and technological developments… fueled appetite for staying healthy, conveniently, at home,” says James Stark, associate professor of medical humanities at the University of Leeds in England. Traditionally, men went off to work each day while women stayed at home to do housework. These women became the main target for the nascent home fitness industry, with fitness promoted to them as a key element of their beauty routine.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“A lot of television shows at this time wanted to help women do the tasks required of them,” says Katie Rose Hejtmanek, an associate professor of anthropology at Brooklyn College in New York who specialises in fitness and sport studies. And part of that was the idea that “women needed to maintain their slender physiques” for their husbands. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 1951, fitness guru Jack LaLanne \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-us-canada-12272311\"\u003Ebegan broadcasting an exercise TV show\u003C\u002Fa\u003E largely geared towards housewives: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=CNAnD-gs4uo&list=PL0UagYDEJEpna4HSlUcHPgUJ3OWOORBNP&index=13\"\u003Ea one-man programme\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in which he demonstrated exercises like side bends and leg lifts or \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=tP40RWwhoRw\"\u003Ehangover-curing aerobics\u003C\u002Fa\u003E set to carnival-like organ music. Targeting this white, middle-class, female audience marked a turning point. Before long, home catalogues and TV adverts followed the cash by offering products and more shows for these beauty-oriented consumers with both time and money.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“With the women exercising at home for Jack LaLanne, it was just a beauty standard: ‘OK, I gotta get this over with, check the box, and then I can go have my martini and my cigarette’,” says Hejtmanek.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETV, gadgets and the gym\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EProducts promising quick fitness fixes and effortless ways to shed pounds have long been a part of the health industry, and in these early days in the 1950s and ‘60s they were heavily aimed at this same demographic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere were so-called “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=XwWfz7v38Qw\"\u003Eslim suits\u003C\u002Fa\u003E” and “sauna suits”: imagine a vinyl full-body jumpsuit that purportedly made you sweat even more while exercising, supposedly making you lose weight faster as you did toe touches in your living room. (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bestconsumerreviews.com\u002Fsauna-suit-reviews\u002F\"\u003EThey still exist to this day\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.) And there were, of course, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dailymail.co.uk\u002Ffemail\u002Farticle-2258435\u002FHilarious-70s-photos-exercise-gadgets-gimmicks.html\"\u003Ethe vibrating belts you’d strap around your thighs or bottom\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to jiggle the fat away. Even the classic hula hoop was originally sold as exercise equipment; \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonpost.com\u002Farchive\u002Flifestyle\u002F1977\u002F05\u002F15\u002Fconceived-in-the-fad-crazed-50s-the-hula-hoop-makes-a-comeback\u002Fb0113458-354e-483b-8c32-5c9a6ca56bf1\u002F\"\u003Eover 100 million were sold\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the first six months after the product’s release in 1958.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"There’s a “broad social embrace of fitness as something we should be doing, even in our downtime, even when we’re at home and theoretically supposed to be relaxing” – Natalia Mehlman Petrzela","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOver the next two decades, personal fitness began moving outside the home and took on a more strenuous tone with the advent of jogging culture. “Exercise and fitness became a lifestyle,” Hejtmanek says, and one that came with a new wardrobe – think leggings, headbands, tank tops and leg warmers. Gyms began opening; bright destinations offering mirrors and group classes, often connected to the offices of big corporations to lure in yuppies.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThen the world of fitness was reshaped by another key technological innovation: the VHS video tape. American actress Jane Fonda stormed onto the scene in 1982 with her Jane Fonda’s Workout video tape which, again, targeted women at home. Over the decade, that tape sold 17 million copies around the world and triggered several follow-up series. Along with the growing popularity of fitness clubs, Petrzela says that the fitness industry was “booming on all fronts”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“VHS technology is a very big deal because it allows people to have these exercises on what we would now think of as on-demand. It also makes exercise more of an international phenomenon because these VHS tapes can be sent all over the world, which makes the US, in a lot of ways, a kind of headquarters of fitness culture,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAn avalanche of tapes and TV workout programmes followed Fonda’s success, launching careers for fitness personalities like \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.buzzfeednews.com\u002Farticle\u002Fpdominguez\u002Frichard-simmons-tears\"\u003ERichard Simmons\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the US or Mr Motivator in the UK (who \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=J-OvGU5ro24\"\u003Eis enjoying a resurgence\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the coronavirus era). Other celebrities also followed Fonda’s lead; Australian model Elle MacPherson released “The Body” workout video, while US actress Suzanne Somers came up with the Thighmaster, designed to beef up leg muscles on the sofa while watching TV. Working out at home was now “connected to Hollywood culture”, which strengthened its appeal, Petrzela says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENext came the home gym. These expensive machines – like Nordic Track’s in-home treadmills, ellipticals or stationary bikes – filled home basements across the world in the 1990s. There were still goofy products – think \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inc.com\u002Farticles\u002F2010\u002F08\u002Fshake-weight-inventor-johann-verheem.html\"\u003Ethe Shake Weight\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, or electric “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.healthline.com\u002Fhealth\u002Fab-stimulator#function\"\u003Eab stimulators\u003C\u002Fa\u003E” you affix to your bare tummy that are supposed to vibrate your gut into a six pack. But deluxe 10-in-one exercise machines, like the ones you’d see at a gym, let people take home fitness more seriously. And all these products served to promote the idea that we should be maximising time and self-improvement.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Nowadays, the fitness and wellness industry “is now a burden in all of our realms” – Katie Rose Hejtmanek","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“They speak to, I think, both a broad social embrace of fitness as something we should be doing, even in our downtime, even when we’re at home and theoretically supposed to be relaxing,” says Petrzela. “And they also prey on these insecurities: that if we’re \u003Cem\u003Enot\u003C\u002Fem\u003E constantly working to be more healthy and to be more attractive and spending money on those pursuits, that there’s something wrong with us.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe internet and age of Covid-19\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhich brings us to today. Spandex-clad actors in VHS tapes have been replaced with fitness influencers on social media platforms like Instagram, many of whom endorse the same kind of “lose weight fast” dietary supplements or exercise gadgets that the fitness industry always has.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EExcept now, we largely call it the “wellness industry”. Working out isn’t just about staying in shape; the lines between fitness and the self-help movement have become blurred. “We need exercise not just as a beauty regimen now, and not just as a heart and health situation, now we need to do it for our mental health. This is now a burden in all of our realms,” says Hejtmanek.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd offerings have become even more complex, with “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thecut.com\u002F2013\u002F01\u002Fevolution-of-soulcycle.html\"\u003Ecult-like\u003C\u002Fa\u003E” group exercise phenomena like SoulCycle, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.self.com\u002Fstory\u002Fmindfulness-workouts-body-brain\"\u003E“mindfulness” classes\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that mix yoga, aromatherapy and soundscapes, and luxury gyms like Equinox offering additional services like childcare and workspaces.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut that was pre-Covid. Now, with gyms closed and outings comprehensively curtailed, we’re all innovating; fitness instructors have been quick to move online, yoga classes \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.newyorker.com\u002Fculture\u002Fculture-desk\u002Fquarantine-culture-recommendations-zoom-yoga-winston-churchill-and-neil-young\"\u003Ehave taken to Zoom,\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-52066454\"\u003Esales of exercise equipment\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and downloads of fitness apps are \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.marketwatch.com\u002Fstory\u002Ffree-workouts-from-peloton-nike-and-others-to-help-you-stay-active-during-your-quarantine-2020-03-27\"\u003Eall on the rise\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Between January and March in the US, for example, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnews.adobe.com\u002Fnews\u002Fnews-details\u002F2020\u002FAdobe-Unveils-First-Digital-Economy-Index\u002Fdefault.aspx\"\u003Esales of fitness equipment shot up 55%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E as lockdowns began to be activated. Some gyms are even introducing “foster” programmes for their equipment during the pandemic – \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonian.com\u002F2020\u002F04\u002F13\u002Fthese-gyms-and-fitness-studios-will-let-you-rent-or-buy-their-workout-equipment-during-the-pandemic\u002F\"\u003Elending out machines to members for a fee\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStark, the University of Leeds professor, thinks it’s too early to tell whether coronavirus could lead to a new home workout boom. He thinks the new online classes tap into something that didn’t exist in home fitness before, but believes that the lure of the gym may prove stronger in the long term.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Gyms fulfil quite a different social role. They are places where exercises done by individuals can be communal and competitive,” he says.  “When the lockdown is phased out and then ends, it is much more likely that people will flock back to gyms and sports fields to recapture the vital social, human contact which is also integral to exercise for so many.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus-14"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-05-05T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The evolution of home fitness","headlineShort":"The evolution of home fitness","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"Covid-19 has forced us to exercise indoors. But home fitness has been shaping our lives for decades.","summaryShort":"How exercise indoors shaped our lives far before Covid-19","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2020-05-04T19:48:20.062791Z","entity":"article","guid":"15946f82-ba2b-427f-9301-c2b612cc210c","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus","modifiedDateTime":"2020-05-04T21:35:25.058755Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041130},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity","_id":"5f344b6f83a9c060431ed09a","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fclaire-turrell"],"bodyIntro":"It’s not always easy to be hyper-productive on your own. Could remote ‘work gyms’ be the answer to getting your best work done?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOn an otherwise unremarkable Monday, 12 strangers gathered on a Zoom call. From their homes in Australia, the US and Singapore, the participants sat in their kitchens, studies, spare rooms or gardens. Some sported freshly showered hair as they started their day, while others worked under the night-time glare of fluorescent bulbs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt wasn’t a social call; instead, members had entered Ultraworking’s ‘Work Gym’ to focus on projects, spark their creativity and get productive. The US-based company is one of several online communities around the world that offer structured work sessions for people who want to block out distractions and remain productive when working remotely.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor a monthly membership, participants can work in the company of others on a project of their choosing. Members are encouraged to be productive by accountability, leaving their cameras on as they work (generally using the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffrancescocirillo.com\u002Fpages\u002Fpomodoro-technique\"\u003EPomodoro method\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, with work in predefined intervals, or sprints, followed by a break). The aim is that participants not only focus, but also experience ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fknowledge.wharton.upenn.edu\u002Farticle\u002Fdeep-work-the-secret-to-achieving-peak-productivity\u002F\"\u003Edeep work\u003C\u002Fa\u003E’, otherwise known as the ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative\"\u003Eflow state\u003C\u002Fa\u003E’ or ‘the zone’ – a mental state of intense clarity and productivity.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEach work gym has a different technique to help members achieve this peak productivity. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-the-workspace-that-takes-away-your-phone\"\u003ECaveday\u003C\u002Fa\u003E offers 50-minute sprints, interspersed with inspirational talks and muscle-easing stretches. Focusmate finds users a brainstorming buddy in the same time zone to work alongside them for 50 minutes. Ultraworking offers a rolling schedule of Zoom sessions (work cycles) to enable users to join an online group at any time. Momentum Mornings offers a weekly class every Monday morning, Australian Eastern Standard Time. These services range from free to a monthly fee of up to $50 (£38).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08nh0pd"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe camera-on accountability for each approach is one of the key elements that sets up members to succeed, says UK business psychologist Felicity Lee. “Being held accountable for an action makes human beings more likely to be successful in a task. Therefore, having a stranger watching makes you focus to a greater extent and, as a result, be more productive,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESingapore-based polyglot YouTuber Lindie Botes joined Focusmate in March 2020. When the island-state went into its lockdown in April 2020 because of the pandemic, Focusmate proved to be a useful tool. “I live alone, so it’s been fun making new friends around the world while at the same time getting tasks done with an accountability partner,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAn isolation solution\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor those who freelance or pursue self-propelled projects, work can be isolating. People who now find themselves working at home following the Covid-19 crisis are also experiencing this challenge.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EExecutive coach Taylor Jacobson, who co-founded Focusmate in 2016, says the company was created out of his own personal struggles with adapting to home working. Jacobson found when he worked alongside his friend on a Skype call, he was more productive. “We know how valuable it is to have structure, accountability and a bit of camaraderie thrown in,” says Jacobson.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Some participants say they get so deep into the flow state that they’ll keep working past the timed sprints","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ETo have a successful session, the work gyms encourage participants to monotask. “Focusing on just one task at a time creates flow, as well as a sense of achievement when they finish that task,” says Madeleine Dore, founder of Momentum Mornings.\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003EAustralian workplace psychologist George Mylonas agrees that monotasking positions you to generate ideas as you are minimising distractions. “Monotasking reduces stress as you won’t be facing multiple tasks, and it reduces mental fatigue as you are not switching from one task to another. This allows you to focus your energy and attention on generating and creating ideas,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08nh0rv"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis approach works for Cesar Kuriyama, an app developer who joined Caveday when it launched at a co-working space in New York in November 2016. “At Caveday, I enter into a flow that I usually only experience accidentally. Usually if I get stuck on something I’m working on, I’ll use it as an excuse to check social media or scroll through my lunch options, but at Caveday I only have one focus, so I push on.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESome participants say they get so deep into the flow state that they’ll keep working past the timed sprints. Dr Ros Barber, author and senior lecturer at Goldsmiths, University of London, who became a member of Ultraworking in April 2019, says she will “abandon work cycles at some point if I’m doing academic research or writing because I get hyperfocused. I don’t want to stop – and indeed, don’t stop. I just quit the session.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFirst-hand experience\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen I joined that Monday morning Ultraworking session, I was intrigued to see how it would affect my focus. I joined several 30-minute work cycles, my fellow participants working on podcasts, PhD dissertation chapters, blogs or even filing taxes. Each session was led by a different moderator but they ran them in the same way.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEach work cycle would begin with the battle cry ‘Cycle on!’ Participants would work on their chosen projects, then were given a two-minute warning before the 30 minutes ended. In between cycles, the moderator would give a talk peppered with tips for enhancing motivation or productivity – such as finding projects you could complete in the half-hour sprint, or knowing that each small step took you closer to your goal. In the chat box, members were asked to share any productivity or idea-generating issues they were having so the moderator could try and help. Every other cycle the moderator would encourage a member to share what they were working on and how it was going.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhat surprised me was how quickly I was able to focus. By concentrating on one task, I was able to dive deeper into the research for an interview I was going to do later that week. When moderators announced the end of each 30-minute session, I was amazed how quickly time had passed. While working on my own project, when I read the motivational messages in the chat box at the end of each work cycle, it felt as if I was part of a community all pulling in the same direction.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The camera-on accountability for each approach is one of the key elements that sets up members to succeed","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt may not suit every person craving productivity to enter a work gym. It’s also possible, of course, to replicate the experience on your own terms, whether getting into your own timed sprints, or grabbing a friend to work alongside you over a video call. A key component – whether you join a work gym or do it on your own – is preparing to be productive by blocking out time in your diary and deciding what to work on that day.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile the motivational talks are missing from the self-created experience, these could be a hindrance anyway, says Professor William Duggan of Columbia Business School and author of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.com\u002FStrategic-Intuition-Creative-Achievement-Publishing\u002Fdp\u002F0231142692\"\u003EStrategic Intuition: The Creative Spark in Human Achievement\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. “Motivational talks are a bad idea,” he says. “You want your mind empty and relaxed during rests between work sprints, not filled with more stuff.” Instead Duggan suggests you do six 30-minute work sprints, where you work in silence or play music quietly in the background, and that in between sprints you go for a short walk, make a cup of coffee or meditate. If you are working with others, he suggests you use the final sprint to discuss any issues. “Talking helps you think things through,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you do choose to work in a group, however, Duggan says you have a stronger chance of being successful if you work with people you know. “You feel group pressure to show up. If the participants don’t know each other, there is no group pressure,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorge Mylonas, the workplace psychologist, says that choosing your tasks is the key to success. This is a task only you can do, not a moderator. “Ensure there is some challenge so you don’t get bored, but don’t set too challenging a task as you might become overwhelmed and anxious,” he says. “It is possible to get into the flow state in 30 minutes if the task is not overly complicated.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhether you choose to enter a work gym or go it alone, highly-focused productivity is a skill that can be developed. Caveday co-founder Jake Kahana says: “Fighting impulses, staying on task and getting in the flow state are muscles we can build with practice.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity-8"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-08-13T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The online ‘work gyms’ that help spur productivity","headlineShort":"The online ‘productivity gyms’","image":["p08ngz84"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190204-how-to-find-your-flow-state-to-be-peak-creative","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200504-covid-19-update-quarantine-home-workouts-during-coronavirus"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"It’s not always easy to be hyper-productive on your own. Could remote ‘work gyms’ be the answer to getting your best work done?","summaryShort":"Exercising with others can boost performance. Does the same go for work?","tag":["tag\u002Fproductivity"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-08-12T20:04:46.851469Z","entity":"article","guid":"fc2f1944-cc1f-4b60-8658-bdcbbd444a5f","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity","modifiedDateTime":"2020-08-12T20:04:46.851469Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200812-the-online-work-gyms-that-help-spur-productivity","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041128},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling","_id":"5f31355783a9c060439d0944","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Amid the coronavirus outbreak, people are flocking to supermarkets worldwide – but are they simply preparing, or irrationally panicking?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ELast Saturday afternoon, Kristina Moy decided to swing by her local supermarket in the US city of Seattle to pick up some weekly groceries and supplies for her son’s upcoming baseball tournament.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhat started as a quick errand turned into a three-hour ordeal, navigating checkout lanes packed with hundreds of shoppers stocking up amid the outbreak of coronavirus. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMoy, a resident of Washington state, was well aware Governor Jay Inslee had that day declared a state of emergency following the announcement of the first US death related to Covid-19.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“For the most part, people were understanding and relatively calm. But patience was definitely starting to grow thin,” says Moy, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002FKristinaMMoy\u002Fstatus\u002F1233903225293524992\"\u003Ewho tweeted images of long queues and people with trolleys loaded with bottled water\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Toilet paper and milk were flying off the shelves faster than I could count, and carbonated water was just about empty.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMoy isn’t the only one to experience long queues and empty shelves. Mass demand for rice and instant noodles in Singapore prompted Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-asia-51480613\"\u003Eto assure the public there was enough to go around\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. In Auckland, New Zealand, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nzherald.co.nz\u002Fnz\u002Fnews\u002Farticle.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12313643\"\u003Esupermarket spending shot up 40%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E last Saturday compared to the same day a year ago. And shoppers in Malaysia wanting to pad “pandemic pantries” – grocery hoards to fill people’s kitchens until the crisis dies down – \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nielsen.com\u002Fus\u002Fen\u002Finsights\u002Farticle\u002F2020\u002Fnielsen-investigation-pandemic-pantries-pressure-supply-chain-amidst-covid-19-fears\u002F\"\u003Ehave driven an 800% increase in weekly hand sanitiser sales\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. (All of those places have confirmed cases of Covid-19.)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThese are the real-world consequences of panic buying – a phenomenon that happens in the face of a crisis that can drive up prices and take essential goods out of the hands of people who need them most (such as face masks for health workers).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo why do people do it? Experts say the answer lies in a fear of the unknown, and believing that a dramatic event warrants a dramatic response – even though, in this case, the best response is something as mundane as washing your hands. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe downsides of panic buying\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith events like looming natural disasters, such as a hurricane or flood, people frequently stock up with emergency supplies.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It is rational to prepare for something bad that looks like it is likely to occur,” says David Savage, associate professor of behavioural and microeconomics at the University of Newcastle in Australia, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftheconversation.com\u002Fstocking-up-to-prepare-for-a-crisis-isnt-panic-buying-its-actually-a-pretty-rational-choice-132437\"\u003Ewho’s written about the rationality behind stocking up in a crisis\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. However: “It is not rational to buy 500 cans of baked beans for what would likely be a two-week isolation period.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis type of behaviour can make shortages worse – like, for example, when Hurricane Harvey hit oil-rich Houston, Texas in 2017. Precautions taken by refineries, as well as eventual flooding, temporarily stalled the supply of petrol and diesel in the US. That was expected, but the problem \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fjalopnik.com\u002Fpanic-buying-gas-during-a-shortage-only-makes-everythin-1798731474\"\u003Egot worse when people flocked to petrol stations and panic-filled their cars\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, contributing to a two-year high in petrol prices.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIrrational stockpiling can also lead to price gouging, says Steven Taylor, a professor and clinical psychologist at the University of British Columbia, and the author of The Psychology of Pandemics. “If the price of a roll of toilet paper is tripled, that’s seen as a scarcer commodity to acquire, which can lead to anxiety,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThere have been plenty of examples of price gouging in response to Covid-19 – \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnbc.com\u002F2020\u002F03\u002F03\u002Famazon-walmart-e-retailers-battle-price-gouging-on-coronavirus-products.html\"\u003Ereports have found a 20-pack of face masks costing more than $100 on ecommerce sites such as eBay and Etsy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. These high prices have caused companies to put measures in place to stop speculators taking advantage of a spike in demand. On Tuesday, for example, Amazon announced \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fabcnews.go.com\u002FBusiness\u002Famazon-cracks-million-misleading-price-gouged-products-amid\u002Fstory?id=69357582\"\u003Eit removed over a million basic-needs products\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for misleading claims and price gouging. British pharmacy chains Boots and LloydsPharmacy both \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fuk-51729012\"\u003Eannounced on Tuesday\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that they would restrict sales of hand sanitiser to just two bottles per customer.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"If everyone else on the Titanic is running for the lifeboats, you’re going to run too, regardless if the ship’s sinking or not – Steven Taylor","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-middle-east-51642926\"\u003EThe supply of face masks has also been strained\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The US government \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonpost.com\u002Fhealth\u002F2020\u002F03\u002F02\u002Fn95-face-mask-coronavirus\u002F\"\u003Ehas recommended people stop buying them\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – not only because surgical masks aren’t sufficient protection from Covid-19, but because there may not be enough for healthcare professionals who need them to do their jobs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe fact that supply-chain juggernaut China is at the centre of the spread of coronavirus has exacerbated panic buying, says Ben Oppenheim, senior director at San Francisco-based infectious disease research firm Metabiota.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“A lot of the narrative has focused on the disruption of global production and supply chains. There's uncertainty about whether we'll see shortages in medicines, masks and other consumables, and that uncertainty needs to get clarified and addressed,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe psychology of panic buying\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere’s a clear difference between disaster preparation and panic buying, says Taylor.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the case of a hurricane or flood, most people have a fair idea of the items they may need in the event of a blackout or a water shortage. But since it’s unclear at this stage just what effects Covid-19 will have, there’s a lot of uncertainty driving this spending.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPanic buying, Taylor says, is fuelled by anxiety, and a willingness to go to lengths to quell those fears: like queueing for hours or buying way more than you need.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWe’ve seen this before throughout history. Back in 1962 during the Cuban missile crisis, when nuclear war seemed imminent, American \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F1989\u002F01\u002F31\u002Fopinion\u002Fin-the-nation-a-lesson-of-crisis.html\"\u003Efamilies filled their basements with enough canned goods and bottled water to survive an atomic blast\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThen there was Y2K at the turn of the millennium. Amid fears that a catastrophic glitch when computers’ internal clocks reset to “00” for the year 2000 could crash global markets or send missiles flying, people \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.chicagotribune.com\u002Fnews\u002Fct-xpm-1999-12-12-9912120418-story.html\"\u003Edidn’t just hoard lots of nonperishables and bottled water\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, but money, too – in 1999, the US Treasury \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbsnews.com\u002Fnews\u002Fthe-y2k-dash-for-cash\u002F\"\u003Ewas ordered to print an extra $50bn\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the expectation that people would withdraw and stockpile cash.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPanic buying helps people feel in control of the situation, experts say.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Under circumstances like these, people feel the need to do something that’s proportionate to what they perceive is the level of the crisis,” Taylor says. “We know that washing your hands and practicing coughing hygiene is all you need to do at this point.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“But for many people, hand-washing seems to be too ordinary. This is a dramatic event, therefore a dramatic response is required, so that leads to people throwing money at things in hopes of protecting themselves.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOppenheim agrees. “It's probably true that panic buying is ultimately a psychological mechanism to deal with our fear and uncertainty; a way to assert some control over the situation by taking an action.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESavage also points to another principle at play: loss aversion. It’s the idea that you don’t want to miss out. “Losing $100 feels worse than winning $100,” he says. “If we later realise that we needed the toilet paper and we didn’t get it when we had the chance, we will really feel bad.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFinally, herd mentality also adds to this behaviour. The experts say the fact that panic buying is happening at all can prompt people to participate.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“[Panic buying is] getting excessive play in social media and news media, and that amplifies the sense of scarcity, which worsens the panic buying,” Taylor says. “There’s these snowball effects of a further increased sense of urgency.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“If everyone else on the Titanic is running for the lifeboats, you’re going to run too, regardless if the ship’s sinking or not,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA natural reaction?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESome researchers think the “panic” label used can be a bit misleading, however, and that true “panic” is rare, reserved for situations where death is imminent.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Panic is a subjective, emotional state, and mostly what we can observe is the behaviour,” says Oppenheim. “Maybe someone reads articles or a couple of tweets about supply chain disruptions in China and mask shortages in Hong Kong, and then makes a very reasoned decision to stock up on masks just in case. All we can infer from the purchasing is the timing, so it could look panicky even if it's well thought through.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"In order to face the threatening unknown, people draw on what they already know about seemingly similar threats – Helene Joffe","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.acrwebsite.org\u002Fvolumes\u002F14976\u002Fvolumes\u002Fv37\u002FNA-37\"\u003EIn a 2010 study\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Owen Kulemeka of the University of Illinois wrote that panic and antisocial behaviours don’t characterise pre-disaster shopping. Instead, most of these shoppers are simply organised, and “those who delay purchasing cite conflicting information from forecasters and a lack of resources (they fear buying supplies that will be wasted if a storm does not occur) as reasons for waiting until the last minute”. In Hong Kong, some experts posit that panic buying could be what happens \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scmp.com\u002Flifestyle\u002Fhealth-wellness\u002Farticle\u002F3052101\u002Fwhy-hong-kong-panic-buying-happened-herd-mentality-media\"\u003Ewhen public trust in the government to handle such a crisis hits an all-time low\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition, there is continuity to how people react to mass crises, says Helene Joffe, a professor of psychology at University College London.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“In order to face the threatening unknown, people draw on what they already know about seemingly similar threats,” she says. She mentions how some have linked Covid-19 to Sars, a different coronavirus \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-asia-china-21680682\"\u003Ewhich generated global headlines of its own back in 2003\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. She points out that there were fewer cases, but more fatalities proportionately. “So, links to Sars would attenuate [or] dampen one’s sense of risk. Others have linked it to the Black Death, which, of course, would amplify the sense of risk.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe critical ingredient is good information, Oppenheim says. “If we can address public fears and uncertainty, we can potentially reduce panic and last-minute buying.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe alternatives to panic buying\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA better plan than panic buying would be \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2020\u002F02\u002F29\u002Fopinion\u002Fcoronavirus-prepping.html\"\u003Eto be prepared all year round for possible emergencies or crises\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. It’s also worth keeping everyone else’s needs in mind as these types of events unfold: stock up on what you and your family need, but avoid the urge to hoard enough supplies to fill a doomsday bunker. Because when individual panic buying plays out collectively, that’s what can lead to price gouging, or \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Feugenegu\u002Fstatus\u002F1233842333201858560\"\u003Elow supplies for high-risk individuals who need things like face masks more than the general population does\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s also worth noting that quality sources of information are always vital for avoiding rumours and falsities. In Japan, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.japantimes.co.jp\u002Fnews\u002F2020\u002F02\u002F29\u002Fnational\u002Ftoilet-paper-tissue-coronavirus\u002F#.Xl7E3xdOk1g\"\u003Esocial media rumours erroneously claimed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E toilet and tissue paper supplies were running low as China would no longer export these products. To stop panic buying, local officials and industry associations had to make statements reminding people that almost all toilet and tissue paper was locally manufactured and there were plenty of supplies.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Anxiety needs to be acknowledged and managed,” Joffe says. “We do not want complacency, but high levels of anxiety are not useful to prepare [or] prevent catching it.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPerhaps, if you’re feeling compelled to panic buy, it might be worth asking what it is you’re really afraid of. “If people are really getting distressed and anxious about this, then perhaps they should seek out help from a mental health professional,” Taylor says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs for the shoppers on the ground who are just trying to do their weekly family grocery run, Kristina Moy in Seattle says she learned the hard way how to deal with the throngs of panic-shoppers in her community.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Next time, I would definitely wait for the crowds to die down or simply order my supplies from Amazon,” she says. “It was a three-hour experience I really don’t ever want to do again.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling-12"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-03-04T20:18:23.671Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Coronavirus: The psychology of panic buying","headlineShort":"The irrationality of panic buying","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Amid the coronavirus outbreak, people are flocking to supermarkets worldwide – but are they simply preparing, or irrationally panicking?","summaryShort":"What causes zealous shopping amid a crisis – and is it warranted?","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2020-03-04T20:43:45.20271Z","entity":"article","guid":"47a9cee9-a5e9-415c-82cb-fd457616d66c","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling","modifiedDateTime":"2020-03-12T18:55:08.034467Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041131},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back","_id":"5f31355883a9c060439d0cd0","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Now that lockdowns are easing and shoppers can return to stores, it’s not so clear whether they actually will – or what it'll look like if they do.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOutside Primark in London, and the Apple Store in New York City, queues stretch down the street so shoppers inside can keep their distance. Now that shops on High Streets across the globe – from Fifth Avenue to Oxford Street – are reopening their doors after months of mandated closures, customers are stepping into a new era of retail.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are touchless temperature checks, mandatory masks and hand sanitiser stations as well as conspicuous cleaning conducted during opening hours. Fitting rooms are still largely off-limits – though if they are open, they’re sanitised between each use – and gloved cashiers ring up purchases behind plastic screens. Before unwanted items go back on a shelf, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200630-how-covid-19-will-change-our-shopping-habits\"\u003Ethey’re quarantined\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, steamed or disinfected with ultraviolet light (in some cases, all three).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThough cheery signs in shop windows say, ‘Welcome Back’ and ‘We Missed You!’, there’s no forgetting we’re still in the midst of a global pandemic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe conspicuousness of the precautions is, in many ways, by design: it’s in retailers’ best interests to make sure customers and staff feel as safe as possible even before they walk in the door. With the Covid-19 crisis, “our radar for hygiene and our radar for safety are eminently more acute than they've ever been before”, says Paco Underhill, a consumer behaviour expert and the founder of New York City-based retail consulting firm Envirosell. Any issues customers encounter with cleanliness – whether perceived or real – will have lasting effects on their loyalty, he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnd right now, this isn’t something retailers can afford to lose: months of lockdown have battered most non-essential businesses, tipping major companies including \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-52530002\"\u003EJ.Crew\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-52979759\"\u003EDebenhams\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-us-canada-52691160\"\u003EJCPenney\u003C\u002Fa\u003E into bankruptcy or administration. Sales at US clothing stores were down \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnrf.com\u002Fmedia-center\u002Fpress-releases\u002Fmay-retail-sales-improve-dramatically-over-april-still-below-last-year\"\u003E63.3% year-over-year in May\u003C\u002Fa\u003E after a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnrf.com\u002Fmedia-center\u002Fpress-releases\u002Fapril-retail-sales-drop-nearly-twice-much-march-during-coronavirus\"\u003Enearly 90% drop\u003C\u002Fa\u003E the month prior, according to the US Census Bureau. Even Germany, where retail closures lasted only four weeks, reported \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.spiegel.de\u002Fwirtschaft\u002Funternehmen\u002Fcorona-krise-in-deutschland-einzelhandel-erwartet-bis-zu-50-000-insolvenzen-a-e85166ce-b310-425d-933b-6eec25c83f0d\"\u003E30bn euros\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in lost sales.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShoppers, meanwhile, have moved online at a record pace, ordering groceries, yoga mats, cleaning products and jigsaw puzzles to their front door — a habit \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmartechseries.com\u002Fmobile\u002Fmobile-marketing\u002Fe-commerce-and-mobile-commerce\u002Fviants-adelphic-releases-analysis-ecommerce-acceleration\u002F\"\u003Emost are\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnbc.com\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F09\u002Fsoutheast-asias-online-grocery-shopping-trends-during-coronavirus-pandemic.html\"\u003Eexpected to keep up\u003C\u002Fa\u003E after the pandemic. This shift, combined with the nearly unrecognisable experience of shopping on High Streets today, raises questions about the future of retail avenues around the world. As more and more people become accustomed to buying what they need from the comfort of their home or car (as in the case of kerbside pick-up, or ‘click-and-collect’), the purpose of streets lined with fast-fashion behemoths, charity shops and sporting-goods chains will likely need to evolve, changing the shape of cities along with it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Though cheery signs in shop windows say, ‘Welcome Back’ and ‘We Missed You!’, there’s no forgetting we’re still in the midst of a global pandemic","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPopulating ghost towns?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile the world’s High Streets are no longer the ghost towns many of them were in April, the coming months will be a test of how much of the public will return as restrictions ease. England’s non-essential shops began re-opening on 15 June but, despite \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-53044826\"\u003Elengthy queues\u003C\u002Fa\u003E outside Nike and John Lewis, High Street footfall overall for the week was down \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.retailtimes.co.uk\u002Ffirst-week-of-non-essential-retail-reopening-in-england-delivers-most-fundamental-change-in-footfall-springboard-reports\u002F\"\u003E59.2% from 2019 levels\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, according to retail analytics firm Springboard.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe near-complete drop-off in tourism is a major factor in this decline, too: at department-store chains like Selfridges, as much as 50% to 60% of sales are made on foreign credit cards, according to Underhill. Luxury brands are particularly vulnerable, with mainland Chinese tourists alone accounting for an estimated two-thirds of sales in Hong Kong and a third of sales in European shopping capitals, according to HSBC research \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.businessoffashion.com\u002Farticles\u002Fprofessional\u002Fluxurys-future-depends-on-chinas-recovery-will-it-come-fast-enough\"\u003Eas reported by the Business of Fashion\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Even as travel restrictions ease across Europe and other parts of the world, it’s unclear whether tourists will be eager to spend their holidays perusing shops rather than engaging in relatively safe outdoor activities like swimming at beaches or visiting parks.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnd it isn’t just luxury that’s impacted – the ongoing closure of pubs and restaurants, as well as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonpost.com\u002Fnational\u002Fcoronavirus-reopen-bathrooms\u002F2020\u002F05\u002F18\u002Fa6ed57fc-93ba-11ea-82b4-c8db161ff6e5_story.html\"\u003Emany shared toilets\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, also discourages even locals from sticking around their main thoroughfares. “You can't go out for a day of shopping, because there's no toilet, right? That’s a little bit challenging,” says UK-based independent retail expert Clare Bailey. “You can’t sit with your friends and grab a pizza for lunch and chat and laugh as my teenage daughter would. And you can't even try on clothes together because you can't try on clothes at all. So the shopping experience is very limited.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAdditionally, for those shoppers in high-risk categories – including well-off pensioners who might otherwise spend weekdays having lunch with friends and enjoying the shops – the in-person experience may be nearly entirely restricted in a pre-vaccine world.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"You can’t sit with your friends and grab a pizza for lunch and chat and laugh... and you can't even try on clothes together because you can't try on clothes at all – Claire Bailey","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMissing the experience\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven though shoppers aren’t shoulder-to-shoulder on the streets right now, there are people who are still returning to shops – but their habits look a little different than before. For one, they’ve tended to be more deliberate: many retailers have said they’re seeing \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwwd.com\u002Fbusiness-news\u002Fbusiness-features\u002Fretail-sales-report-1203648467\u002F\"\u003Ehigher conversion\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, even if the number of people coming through the door is down. While consumers may be hesitant to risk public interactions for the sake of leisurely browsing, the surge in traffic in recent weeks (however modest) indicates that many still want the option of brick-and-mortar purchasing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EExperts say that the first few weeks post-reopening may bring a spike in sales due to pent-up demand following weeks in which shoppers couldn’t get certain products or didn’t want to wait for delivery. That means the real test will come once we pass this initial period. When it has, the retailers with the best shot of brick-and-mortar success are those that can offer products or experiences that can’t be found online, says Paul Durkin, head of UK retail at commercial real-estate company Cushman & Wakefield.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Particularly for higher value items, things where the touch or the feel of the product is really important,” he says, “that will remain a really important role of the store going forward.” Luxury shops like Bergdorf Goodman are offering this through private, appointment-based shopping and same-day home delivery – VIP experiences now extended to all potential clients – but spontaneous social purchases may be mostly out the window for the time being.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDiscount and off-price chains like Primark and TK Maxx (known as TJ Maxx in the US) also have an edge because they have little if any ecommerce presence, and their ‘treasure hunt’ experience requires an in-person visit.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMany other retail businesses, though, are expected to fail without customers coming through their doors – a trend that will only be exacerbated if the recession drags on and global unemployment remains staggeringly high. Even companies with relatively healthy balance sheets are shrinking their footprints: Zara parent Inditex is shuttering between 1,000 and 1,200 locations, mainly in Europe and Asia; while Nordstrom is permanently closing 19 US shops. Coresight Research, a retail research and advisory firm, is forecasting \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnbc.com\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F09\u002Fcoresight-predicts-record-25000-retail-stores-will-close-in-2020.html\"\u003Eas many as 25,000 shop closures\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the US in 2020, with apparel and department stores hit especially hard.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA reimagining\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere’s another scenario in which people could be likely to make their way back to local High Streets, although it may not be to shop. Instead, many experts envision a future in which these areas become even more vital spaces for their communities, with opportunities to come together safely, support local businesses and take advantage of essential services.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It's about looking creatively at the space and thinking, what does the community need? And what could we create that the community would use?” says Bailey, suggesting drop-in childcare centres and coworking facilities as spaces that have emerged as urgent needs in the wake of the pandemic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFarmers’ markets and rotating pop-up shops are also promising options, adds Underhill, and the former have seen a sales bump of as much as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.therobinreport.com\u002Ffarmers-markets-during-the-time-of-coronavirus\u002F\"\u003E20% during the pandemic\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, according to Envirosell research. With touchless payments, an outdoor environment and the assurance of a more traceable, local food supply, they appeal to many consumers’ priorities in 2020. If people are reluctant or unable to go inside physical shops and restaurants, open-air alternatives like \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.yahoo.com\u002Flifestyle\u002Fyork-reopens-retail-stores-open-192210532.html\"\u003Esidewalk shopping\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbs8.com\u002Farticle\u002Fnews\u002Flocal\u002Fstreet-dining-in-gaslamp-begins\u002F509-1454205d-cd21-4d4c-a69e-a43f90dd95d9\"\u003Epatio dining\u003C\u002Fa\u003E may provide a new kind of High Street experience.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe role of the high street, today and in the future, is about “so much more than just shopping”, says Dominic Bouvet, Cushman & Wakefield’s head of UK retail and leisure leasing. “It's completely about local authorities and [the] private sector coming together to create spaces that people feel good in and that they want to go and visit.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFarmer’s markets and local boutiques provide a much more social experience than sitting at home ordering groceries or trainers on a screen — and ultimately,\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonpost.com\u002Fscience\u002F2020\u002F03\u002F17\u002Fcoronavirus-social-distancing\u002F\"\u003E humans are by nature social beings. It’s this desire for entertainment and community that will likely be what \u003C\u002Fa\u003Eeventually draws people back to the High Street, even if the streets themselves look different when they do.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back-12"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Will the High Streets get shoppers back?","headlineShort":"What’s the future of the High Street?","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Now that lockdowns are easing and shoppers can return to stores, it’s not so clear whether they actually will – or what it'll look like if they do.","summaryShort":"What do High Streets look like in a post-pandemic world?","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-07-05T20:06:34.546835Z","entity":"article","guid":"a719e731-1add-4229-b968-3f697f3ebfa3","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back","modifiedDateTime":"2020-07-05T20:06:34.546835Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041131},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus","_id":"5f31355483a9c060439cf4a2","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"While the sight of empty supermarket shelves may lead shoppers to fear food shortages, experts in the food supply chain say the system is built to endure.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the earliest days of coronavirus, visiting a local supermarket felt like a bad dream to many. Stepping inside and seeing checkout lines three times their usual length, and quickly realising that you weren’t the only one who felt it was time to stock up. Shouldering past the other shoppers toward the pasta aisle or frozen section, and turning the corner in shock to find rows and rows of empty shelves.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs news of Covid-19 has grabbed the world’s attention, our grocery stores, usually bursting with every item we expect, have quickly been left bare by shoppers \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling\"\u003Epanic-buying\u003C\u002Fa\u003E toilet paper, water, rice, beans, pasta, bread and frozen foods. Images circulated online of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.businessinsider.com\u002Fcoronavirus-panic-empty-shelves-long-lines-at-grocery-stores-2020-3#and-as-the-virus-spread-elsewhere-in-the-weeks-that-followed-shoppers-around-the-globe-started-to-react-in-the-same-way-3\"\u003Eempty shelves\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in late January, leading buyers to queue up ahead of stores’ openings and run essential items dry on e-shopping sites like \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.usatoday.com\u002Fstory\u002Ftech\u002F2020\u002F03\u002F15\u002Famazon-toilet-paper-water-household-items\u002F5055632002\u002F\"\u003EAmazon Fresh\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Compared to the same week in 2019, sales of US sales of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nielsen.com\u002Fus\u002Fen\u002Finsights\u002Farticle\u002F2020\u002Fkey-consumer-behavior-thresholds-identified-as-the-coronavirus-outbreak-evolves\u002F\"\u003Edried beans grew 37%, rice 25% and pasta 10%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENow, as April begins and shoppers continue to bulk-buy, grocery chains have jumped into action. Retailers have united with manufacturers, warehouse workers and supply chain operators to implement emergency policies to meet these skyrocketing demands. But even amid the uncertainty − and despite the seeming scarcity − experts across the food system are looking to reassure us against what could be shoppers’ ultimate fear: that an overburdened food supply chain could lead to a food shortage.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"What a crisis like the novel coronavirus reveals about the food system, more so than its weak points, is actually its flexibility and strength under pressure","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I can definitely understand people’s concern. Whenever they go into the grocery store, they’re used to seeing everything… but fundamentally, when you think of food production and distribution, food is produced at a high rate right now,” says Lowell Randel, vice president of the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA) in the US.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhat a crisis like the novel coronavirus reveals about the food system, more so than its weak points, is actually its flexibility and strength under pressure. The supply chain relies on several industry-spanning mechanisms that are designed to adapt when natural disasters strike – or when food sectors need to pivot during seasonal production spikes. In other words, we’ve been here before.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“This one’s a little different because it’s prolonged and it’s everywhere… [but] when a hurricane is approaching the country, consumer behaviour is exactly the same [as right now],” says Fred Boehler, CEO of US-based supply chain firm Americold Logistics. Behaviour patterns may be the same, but when food demand is amplified to unprecedented scale across entire nations, many factories must shift to “full capacity” – a state of maximum production rate typically saved for emergency situations like this pandemic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAdjusting to shoppers’ changing demand in the wake of Covid-19 has been a herculean task, but experts agree that doing so is well within the system’s control – and not cause for alarm.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESqueezing the balloon\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAccording to Boehler, a misunderstanding about the state of the food supply chain is that it’s currently being strained to its breaking point. To understand the mystery of the empty shelf, you must first look upstream, beginning in the storerooms of those very supermarkets.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"At any one time, ‘our grocery stores are carrying about 20 to 30 days of inventory on-hand in the store – Fred Boehler","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAt any one time, “our grocery stores are carrying about 20 to 30 days of inventory on-hand in the store,” says Boehler. The shops receive that inventory from local “retail distribution centres”, where workers sort through products and organise specific orders for delivery − these centres also hold about 30 days of inventory. “Call it 60 days of on-hand inventory. It’s all owned by that retailer.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGo back another node now to the “regional distribution centres”, situated in main cities, which supply the local retail centres. You guessed it: another 30 days of inventory. Finally, we reach the production facilities located directly beside the factories producing and packaging the food items. They take the product hot off the line and store it for shipping out to the regional centres. Thirty more days of inventory there.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese four nodes of the general supply chain are therefore in perpetual ownership of about four months of food, ready and waiting to be transported, ordered, delivered and stocked. In a world clear of pandemics and disasters, the food system would normally split its inventory between retail shops (i.e. supermarkets) and food services (restaurants and bars). But as part of the emergency measures taken over the past three weeks to reduce the spread of the virus, countries like \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftime.com\u002F5801497\u002Fitaly-shops-restaurants-coronavirus\u002F\"\u003EItaly\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.restaurantbusinessonline.com\u002Ffinancing\u002Ffrance-spain-close-down-their-restaurants\"\u003ESpain, France\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-us-canada-51902681\"\u003Eparts of the US\u003C\u002Fa\u003E have forced restaurants to close their doors.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Food services may have represented 50%, now they represent about 10%,” says Boehler. The food that would usually be shipped to restaurants is sitting in warehouses, while retail inventory orders have shot up simultaneously. Facilities are still shipping out the same amount of food, but their orders have radically shifted toward retail. “It’s kind of like squeezing a balloon,” he adds. “Less food services, more retail.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EProduction mechanisms\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo keep up with grocers’ requesting 20 to 25% higher volume, providers are falling back on alternative but reliable procedures designed to handle a marketplace in flux. Some production and shipping facilities have increased their operating hours to reach full capacity and churn out as much food as possible.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne flour mill in Hertfordshire, England hired enough staff to move from a five-day to a seven-day operation. This enabled the company to produce an extra 350,000 bags of flour a week, says Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes, head of the Centre for Supply Chain Improvement at the University of Derby.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Another mechanism is to cut down on the variety of different products being made. Pasta companies, for example, can halt different varieties and sizes of pasta to only produce the core types","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnother mechanism, often used in parallel to longer operating times, is to cut down on the variety of different products being made – trading product range to focus on volume. Pasta companies, for example, can halt different varieties and sizes of pasta to only produce the core types, Garza-Reyes says. UK supermarket chain Tesco is supplying up to double its normal quantities of milk, bread, rice and pasta while simplifying its orders, such as refocusing milk production to two and four pints.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EManufacturers can also increase capacity by outsourcing some of their production to other companies nationally or abroad. “This is pretty much similar to what the UK government is doing by hiring private hospitals to boost the capacity of the NHS,” Garza-Reyes says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet while most companies are capable of increasing production in drastic ways, for many of them, the effect of this increased food demand is a much quieter affair. Steve Gonzalez, founder of organic pasta company Sfoglini, which produces about 6,000 pounds (2,700kg) of pasta daily, has seen a significant bump in sales since shoppers began clearing shelves. He typically orders one or two truckloads of semolina flour per month to produce pasta in his New York factory, which is then sold by Whole Foods, Stop & Shop and other retailers. In March, he had to order just three – a nonissue for a company like Sfoglini with the bandwidth to adapt.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“The shelf movement is so fast,” Gonzalez says. Even still, “nobody’s freaking out. Prices are the same.” His suppliers haven’t reported any hiccups, and the grains used for making the flour he purchases are safely stored in silos between their biannual harvests. It only takes about two weeks from the time the flour is milled to the time Sfoglini pasta appears on shelves, he says, so his company’s changes – while relatively minor − have had to roll out quickly. “The benefit to us of being a smaller business is we’re not this big, overgrown, lugging dinosaur. We can pivot and adjust as we need to.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese strategies – from the nimble adjustments within smaller companies to the more sweeping overhauls within the major players – have not stoked anxiety in the food supply chain, says Randel of the GCCA. The result is a system well in control of demand, even in the midst of a pandemic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWorkers wanted\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe true source of the empty-shelf issue lies inside the retail shops themselves. “In other words, and in many occasions, supermarkets do actually have products in their storerooms, but they do not have enough staff to bring it to the shelves as fast as they are taken from them,” Garza-Reyes says. In response, major retailers around the world have begun hiring new workers to fill the gaps.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"US-based Aldi will recruit 5,000 temporary and 4,000 permanent staff, and Albertsons plans to bring on 30,000. Tesco in the UK has announced it will be hiring 20,000 temporary workers","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EUS-based \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fqz.com\u002F1823537\u002Fthe-companies-with-jobs-hiring-during-the-coronavirus-crisis\u002F\"\u003EAldi\u003C\u002Fa\u003E will recruit 5,000 temporary and 4,000 permanent staff, and Albertsons plans to bring on 30,000. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tescoplc.com\u002Fnews\u002F2020\u002Ftesco-recruit-temporary-colleagues-to-help-feed-the-nation\u002F\"\u003ETesco\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the UK has announced it will be hiring 20,000 temporary workers and has increased its inventory deliveries to meet demand. Kroger, the largest supermarket retailer in the US, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kroger.com\u002Fi\u002Fcoronavirus-update\u002Fstore-information\"\u003Ehas reduced its operating hours\u003C\u002Fa\u003E “to allow more time for our employees to rest, clean and stock,” a company spokesperson says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe global network of grocery stores is thus gradually recovering from the initial system-shock of bulk-buying seen around the world, even in the countries hardest hit by the virus. “That food supply chain is continuing to operate. You’re not hearing of people starving in Italy,” Randel says. “Grocery stores have remained open and food is available.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EStockpiled high\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGarza-Reyes says he expects the greater ‘empty shelves phenomenon’ to be temporary not only thanks to supermarkets making their flexibility count when adapting to demand, but because “there will be a point where customers have enough products like pasta in their storerooms that no more stockpiling will be needed.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen that point is reached, and efforts within food supply chains and grocers align to catch up with shoppers’ demands under the Covid-19 outbreak, will there emerge a ‘new normal’ in the way the food system is organised?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"People should take a deep breath, and shop for one to two weeks maximum. If you don’t find what you need, come back tomorrow – Caitlin Welsh","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ELikely not, according to Boehler, who says that besides a temporarily shifted workforce, the systems in place up the chain are built to withstand more crises in the future.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EConsumers can help reduce the collective fear of food shortages by shopping as they normally would, says Caitlin Welsh, director for the Global Food Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in the US. Workers simply need time to fill those shelves.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“People should take a deep breath, and shop for one to two weeks maximum,” she says. “If you don’t find what you need, come back tomorrow.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus-16"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-04-02T15:44:20Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Why grocery shelves won't be empty for long","headlineShort":"Why supermarkets won’t run out of food","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"While the sight of empty supermarket shelves may lead shoppers to fear food shortages, experts in the food supply chain say the system is built to endure.","summaryShort":"The reason grocery store shelves are empty - for now","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2020-04-01T19:50:45.872491Z","entity":"article","guid":"e1212c69-91e0-43d6-8778-70d8e457e81a","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus","modifiedDateTime":"2020-04-01T20:59:28.111776Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041131},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping","_id":"5f31355883a9c060439d0d11","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fanna-rahmanan"],"bodyIntro":"In a social-distance-minded economy, countless sectors are being forced to innovate – grocery shops in particular.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ELate March saw long queues outside supermarkets as anxious shoppers waited to stockpile supplies. Three months on the queues are still there; now shoppers, two metres apart and with pockets full of hand sanitiser, are lining up for a socially-distanced visit to the store.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEnter Canadian start-up Grocery Neighbour. The company believes it has come up with a potential solution to the grocery store conundrum: a mobile supermarket in a semi-open-air truck that shoppers can step aboard to grab essentials while maintaining social distancing measures.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Things are changing, the world is chaotic and with that comes opportunity,” says Frank Sinopoli, the company’s 37-year-old founder and CEO, who came up with the idea as businesses began understanding the day-to-day repercussions of Covid-19.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe concept of a supermarket-on-wheels isn’t entirely new: companies in the US states of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.newson6.com\u002Fstory\u002F5e35d9f12f69d76f6201b0b8\u002Ftulsa-nonprofit-introduces-new-mobile-grocery-store\"\u003EOklahoma\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.freshapproach.org\u002Fmobilemarket\u002F\"\u003ECalifornia\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, for example, have rolled out services delivering fresh produce to food deserts and connecting local farmers with their communities respectively. Sinopoli hopes his will be the tailor-made solution for the coronavirus era, yet experts suggest these types of businesses will need to pinpoint their niche in the market to compete with the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ft.com\u002Fcontent\u002F029e3dab-78e6-4978-b73d-f00cd9877084\"\u003Esurge in online food delivery\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08k3t16"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E'Floating carts’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESinopoli says his 53-foot-long trucks are custom-built for Covid-19, with sanitising and social distancing front and centre. “It will be like a bus route,” he explains, with trucks following specific routes and schedules. An app will notify residents when the truck (each staffed with a worker and a driver) is stopping nearby.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe truck will be open at both ends. \"You'll be walking through a tunnel,” he explains; shoppers will enter from the back and exit through the front. Sinopoli wants a maximum of five customers on board at a time, spending five minutes each in the vehicle, which is laid out like a single aisle in a grocery store, offering meats, cheeses, produce and some dried goods.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEach customer will push a trolley that folds out of the wall, runs (or “floats,” as Sinopoli says) along a track down the aisle, and then folds back into the wall to be immediately sanitised once the customer reaches the till. It serves as a built-in social distancing measure: “There’s a ‘floating’ grocery cart in front of you and behind you, people can't touch you even if they want to,” Sinopoli says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Things are changing, the world is chaotic and with that comes opportunity – Frank Sinopoli","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe first mobile units are planned to be released this month: three in the Greater Toronto Area, two in the United States (no word yet on which specific cities) and five more in Canada, mostly in the suburbs. Sinopoli is aiming for “1,000 trucks to be on the road within the next two years”, and anticipates pricing matching traditional brick-and-mortar shops.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"Based on the demand that we've received, we're [targeting] the demographic that loves convenience,\" he says. \"We originally thought specific groups would appreciate and\u002For benefit from the service, like the elderly, food deserts and family neighbourhoods. But the data says it's nearly everyone who has shown interest.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWho’s your customer?’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet retail experts wonder how new grocery alternatives like these will perform in an already saturated grocery market. Apps like UberEats, Instacart and Amazon Prime have made it possible to get groceries shipped straight to your door, while many restaurants have beefed up delivery services during Covid-19.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENewcomers to the space “have to figure out who their target customer is”, says Bill Aulet, managing director of the Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship. With Grocery Neighbour, “their cost of customer acquisition is going to be more than Amazon because they have this very clear physical presence and not the volume yet”. While bricks-and-mortar shops won’t go away, Aulet believes even greater importance will be placed on online businesses moving forward, rendering Grocery Neighbour almost unnecessary when measured against online delivery services.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08k3t04"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EStill, blending elements of a traditional shop with digital technology, safety and convenience could create a unique niche in the market. “Maybe the answer is: you can touch and feel a product without having to actually go to a traditional, [crowded] store,” says Anindya Ghose, a professor of business at New York University. “All [Grocery Neighbour] needs to do is figure out one hook that is really appealing to consumers where it’s no longer a want but a need.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDr Richard Kennedy, co-director of the Vaccine Research Group at the Mayo Clinic, one of the largest medical research institutes in the US, says given the open-air set-up, shopping at such trucks would be “less risky [than] an enclosed space” (though he stresses the importance of wearing masks while perusing stock).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGhose believes this could attract a particular demographic. “In the post-Covid world, we will still have to continue practicing social distancing, mask-wearing and all,” he says. “Going to a supermarket is still going to be risky, so Grocery Neighbour may appeal to those that don’t want to incur that issue.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Each customer will push a trolley that folds out of the wall, runs along a track down the aisle, and then folds back into the wall to be immediately sanitised once the customer reaches the till","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe service could also appeal to those who depend on public transport to get to supermarkets, don’t want to wait in long queues with their fellow shoppers and even those seeking a blast from the past. “If you go back 30 years, most people bought groceries not by going to a physical store and not through e-commerce but by going to these small providers in open carts” on the street, Ghose says. “This reminds me of that but in a more sophisticated way. This is a hybrid: it’s not a regular offline pursuit and it’s not ecommerce. It’s something in the middle.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhether Grocery Neighbour will find its niche remains to be seen, but it’s an example of the way the pandemic is driving innovation, from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ffuture\u002Farticle\u002F20200622-the-long-term-effects-of-covid-19-infection\"\u003Emedical research\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200312-coronavirus-covid-19-update-work-from-home-in-a-pandemic\"\u003Eworking practices\u003C\u002Fa\u003E all the way to how we \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane\"\u003Eboard a plane\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“What’s happening now is that the deck has been thrown up in the air so there are lots of opportunities for [new inventions],” says Aulet of MIT. “When people change their habits, that’s when opportunities arise.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping-8"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"How Covid-19 has changed grocery shopping","headlineShort":"Is this the supermarket of the future?","image":["p08k3t3y"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p08k3t16"],"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200703-will-the-high-streets-get-shoppers-back","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200401-covid-19-why-we-wont-run-out-of-food-during-coronavirus"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"In a social-distance-minded economy, countless sectors are being forced to innovate – grocery shops in particular.","summaryShort":"One plan to mix a physical shop with a delivery","tag":["tag\u002Ftwo-metre-economy"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-07-07T20:03:43.538914Z","entity":"article","guid":"a8baffc7-f8b7-4393-9c61-c118847e8a89","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping","modifiedDateTime":"2020-07-07T20:12:46.652643Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200707-how-covid-19-has-changed-grocery-shopping","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041130},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-how-japans-kutoo-fights-pressure-to-wear-high-heels":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-how-japans-kutoo-fights-pressure-to-wear-high-heels","_id":"5f31355583a9c060439cf6d8","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"video","assetVideo":[],"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Yumi Ishikawa became the leader of a movement after tweeting about the pain from the heels she had to wear to work.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EWhen Yumi Ishikawa \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fishikawa_yumi\u002Fstatus\u002F1088410213105917952\"\u003Etweeted in January\u003C\u002Fa\u003E how much her feet hurt from a company dress code pressuring her to wear 5cm to 7cm heels, she didn't expect a movement to be born. However, she struck a chord with working women throughout Japan. Her comment has been retweeted 30 thousand times.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EIshikawa, a freelance writer and former model, had been working as a funeral parlour usher at the time. This involved standing up to eight hours at a time in heels, alongside male colleagues wearing comfortable flats. Outraged by the disparity, she created the hashtag #KuToo, a play on the Japanese words for shoes (\"kutsu\") and pain (\"kutsū\"), with a nod towards #MeToo.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003E#KuToo quickly became a movement aiming to stop employers from demanding that women to wear high heels. Ishikawa has collected over 30,000 online signatures for a change.org \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.change.org\u002Fp\u002F%25E5%258E%259A%25E7%2594%259F%25E5%258A%25B4%25E5%2583%258D%25E7%259C%2581-kutoo-%25E8%2581%25B7%25E5%25A0%25B4%25E3%2581%25A7%25E3%2581%25AE%25E3%2583%2592%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%25AB-%25E3%2583%2591%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2597%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2581%25AE%25E5%25BC%25B7%25E5%2588%25B6%25E3%2582%2592%25E3%2581%25AA%25E3%2581%258F%25E3%2581%2597%25E3%2581%259F%25E3%2581%2584\"\u003Epetition\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and in June called for the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare to ban companies from pressuring women to wear certain types of shoes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EIn response, Japan's health minister stated that heels are \"necessary and appropriate\" in the workplace. While not all Japanese companies demand high heels for female employees, his remarks reflect a pervasive mentality and gendered social pressure.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-how-japans-kutoo-fights-pressure-to-wear-high-heels-0"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-07-31T03:27:14Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"How Japan's #KuToo fights pressure to wear high heels","headlineShort":"The woman fighting Japan's dress codes","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"Yumi Ishikawa became the leader of a movement after tweeting about the pain from the heels she had to wear to work.","summaryShort":"The #KuToo movement against high-heels at work was launched by a tweet","tag":null,"creationDateTime":"2019-07-31T02:27:55.87073Z","entity":"article","guid":"93e18646-227b-475e-931e-c1ea9007c061","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-how-japans-kutoo-fights-pressure-to-wear-high-heels","modifiedDateTime":"2019-07-31T03:31:55.090662Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190731-how-japans-kutoo-fights-pressure-to-wear-high-heels","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041132},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder","_id":"5f31355483a9c060439cf22f","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fsheryl-nance-nash"],"bodyIntro":"Self-doubt and imposter syndrome permeate the workplace, but women, especially women of colour, are particularly likely to experience it. Why is this – and how can it be changed?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAlthough I haven’t worked in an office in more than 20 years, I still remember the feeling I used to have at my nine-to-five magazine job. No matter how well I did, I always felt that I wasn’t good enough for the rarefied publishing world. I didn’t come from a pedigree; I just was a hard-working black woman. I felt (and sometimes literally was) unacknowledged in the hallways, and my voice was hardly heard. It wasn’t unusual that ideas I presented at meetings got a lukewarm reception, but two meetings later someone else suggested a similar thought, which was instantly deemed a must-write story.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven though I knew I was capable of doing the work, I was riddled with doubt. It was years later that I learned there was a term for what I felt: imposter syndrome.\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003EYou may not be able to see it around you, but imposter syndrome permeates the workplace. It’s a feeling that many people can identify with: why do I feel like a fraud even though I’m eminently qualified for this job? Despite having education and training, many have never been able to break free of doubting their worthiness and step into any a higher level of success.\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003EBut although anyone can ask this question, imposter syndrome has an outsize effect on certain groups.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"We’re more likely to experience imposter syndrome if we don't see many examples of people who look like us or share our background who are clearly succeeding in our field – Emily Hu","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Women, women of colour, especially black women, as well as the LGBTQ community are most at risk,” says Brian Daniel Norton, a psychotherapist and executive coach in New York. “When you experience systemic oppression or are directly or indirectly told your whole life that you are less-than or underserving of success and you begin to achieve things in a way that goes against a long-standing narrative in the mind, imposter syndrome will occur.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you doubt yourself even when you’re doing all the right things, are you doomed to feel like an imposter, no matter what? And why, exactly, do we feel imposter syndrome – and what can we do when that feeling starts to boil up?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EStacked odds\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECorporate culture exacerbates the problem of imposter syndrome, particularly for women.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAccording to Lean In, a US organisation that focuses on women in the workplace, women are less likely to be hired and promoted to manager. Its 2019 \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fleanin.org\u002Fwomen-in-the-workplace-2019\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eresearch\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shows that for every 100 men brought onto teams and elevated to management, only 72 women experience the same thing. Men hold 62% of manager-level positions, while women hold just 38%. And although one-third of the companies Lean In surveyed set gender representation targets for first-level manager roles, 41% of them didn’t for senior levels of management.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08ls6n3"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnd despite progress in the boardroom, where diverse voices have been historically absent, women still don’t have near-equal representation. According to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.catalyst.org\u002Fresearch\u002Fwomen-on-corporate-boards\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECatalyst\u003C\u002Fa\u003E data for 2019, women in the US held 26.1% of directorships, up from 20.3% in 2016. Women in the UK fared slightly better, holding 31.7% of directorships, up from 25.3%. But even in the top-rated country, France, women only hold 44.3% of directorships, up from 37.6% in 2016. Additionally, women of colour are all but non-existent on corporate boards: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.catalyst.org\u002Fresearch\u002Fwomen-minorities-corporate-boards\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECatalyst\u003C\u002Fa\u003E reports that fewer than 5% of US corporate board seats are held by women of colour, despite being 18% of the US population. The only black woman to ever head up a Fortune 500 company as CEO was Xerox's Ursula Burns, who left the company in 2016.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe lack of role models for marginalised communities has a major impact on making people feel like they do – or don’t – belong in these corporate environments. Without this representation, there’s no “signal of the possibility of advancement… [or] how they managed the realities of stereotype, stigma and oppression in order to advance”, says Thema Bryant-Davis, a black psychologist and professor of psychology at Pepperdine University in California.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We’re more likely to experience imposter syndrome if we don't see many examples of people who look like us or share our background who are clearly succeeding in our field,” adds Emily Hu, a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles. “This is especially true for black and indigenous people, for whom overall representation across almost all white-collar fields is alarmingly low.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"For years I thought Nasa only hired me because they needed women - Maureen Zappala","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBut lack of physical representation is just one of the factors that feeds into imposter syndrome. For instance, pervasive racist and sexist stereotypes can cause marginalised people to doubt themselves, says Bryant-Davis. She points to common messaging such as that women are not good leaders because they're too emotional; women are not good at maths or science; black, indigenous and other people of colour are lazy, unintelligent or lack integrity.\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003EEven the traditional focus on female beauty can make an impact on self-doubt. “If you've grown up with messages that you're only valued for your looks and your body, not your skills or intelligence, you may end up getting a certain job or position and wondering whether you truly deserve it or if the hiring manager just thought you were a pretty face,” says Hu.\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘Underqualified and in over my head’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMaureen Zappala is a former propulsion engineer – a literal rocket scientist. But despite working at the US’s renowned National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Nasa) for 13 years in the 80s and 90s, and reaching a mid-level management position, Zappala was still beset with self-doubt.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“For years I thought Nasa only hired me because they needed women. I felt under-qualified and in over my head. I worked long hours to try to prove myself. I was too afraid to ask for help because I thought if I'm really as smart as they think I am, I shouldn't need the help, and I should be able to figure this out on my own,\" she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven after being promoted, she constantly second-guessed her decisions. “Even though people raved about my people skills, and how I knew the facility inside out, and how I was really good at project management, I refused to objectively look at that data that said I was qualified,” says Zappala, who is now a professional speaker and author of Pushing Your Envelope: How Smart People Defeat Self-Doubt and Live with Bold Enthusiasm.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThat never-ending doubt can do damage both professionally and personally.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08ls6rh"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EJaime-Alexis Fowler is founder and executive director of Empower Work, a San Francisco-based non-profit that provides a crisis text line for workers, and says that imposter syndrome is one of the top issues that people reach out about. “They're overwhelmed, stressed, in many ways paralysed by this sense that no matter what they are doing, it's not enough, or that someone is going to find out that they don't know what they think they know. They feel like a 'fraud', or that they're never going to be qualified enough,” says Fowler. The professional anxiety spills over into their day-to-day mental health, she adds. “They have anxiety, stress, lack of sleep, an inability to focus and more.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDoubt and stress from imposter syndrome can thwart your career trajectory, too. “You may not seek better opportunities due to fear of being exposed as a fraud, or it could cause your management style to not be as effective due to micro-management, perfectionism and lack of confidence,” says Richard Orbé-Austin, psychologist and co-author of Own Your Greatness: Overcome Impostor Syndrome, Beat Self-Doubt, and Succeed in Life.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFrom fear to faith\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven if you know the sources of your imposter syndrome, the feeling can still be hard to shake.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Talking about your imposter syndrome is the first step to dealing with it, rather than suffering in silence,” says Orbé-Austin. “Identify allies and advocates in the workplace who believe in you and are supportive of you professionally.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECheck in with your colleagues and peers in the field, especially other women and people of colour. “Don't be afraid to admit you're struggling. Ninety-nine percent of the time, you're not the only one doubting yourself,” says Hu. This goes a long way toward validating the way you're feeling, which can be helpful for convincing yourself that the imposter syndrome actually isn't real the next time you experience it, she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I was a woman in a foreign country with no business experience, working in a field that is to this day overwhelmingly white and male. How could I be an executive? - Rana el Kaliouby","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHu adds that it’s also important to silence your inner critic, and look toward your strengths. “We tend to over-focus on the negatives when we feel imposter syndrome, only paying attention to supposed failures or deficiencies,” she says. “Give yourself credit for your accomplishments. It may be hard at first because your mind will try to keep minimising the good stuff that you do, but keep trying.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd know that it is possible to get past your sticking points.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESeveral years ago, Rana el Kaliouby left Egypt to move to the US to pursue a career in artificial intelligence. She worked at MIT and did well, which led her to co-found Affectiva, an emotion-measurement technology company in Boston.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I had no faith in my ability to lead,” says el Kaliouby. “I was a woman in a foreign country with no business experience, working in a field that is to this day overwhelmingly white and male. How could I be an executive? I told myself I couldn't, and we opted to hire a seasoned business executive to serve as CEO.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter a few years with the company, their first CEO moved on. Some board members recommended Kaliouby step into the role, but she had a lot of doubts. “I’d never been a CEO before, so how could I take this on? The voice in my head told me I can’t, I shouldn’t and that I’d fail.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut after Affectiva’s head of sales raised his hand to take the job, despite never having been a CEO either, el Kaliouby says that she “realised that women often don’t raise their hand unless they check all of the boxes. But when I sat down and thought about what a CEO does – and what I was doing – I realised I was not only ready for the job, but I was already doing it. I summoned my courage, approached the executive team and the board, and ultimately stepped into the role.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFour years later, el Kaliouby isn’t totally free of self-doubt – but she’s in a much better place with her imposter syndrome. “Sometimes I still hear the ‘Debbie Downer’ voice in my head. But I have learned to reframe the message. It is now my advocate, not my adversary, challenging me to move forward out of my comfort zone.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder-10"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Why imposter syndrome hits women and women of colour harder","headlineShort":"Imposter syndrome's prime target?","image":["p08ls6f8"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200617-the-luxury-and-privilege-of-a-balcony-or-yard-during-covid","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-how-japans-kutoo-fights-pressure-to-wear-high-heels","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting"],"relatedTag":["tag\u002Finequality"],"summaryLong":"Self-doubt and imposter syndrome permeate the workplace, but women, especially women of colour, are particularly likely to experience it. Why is this – and how can it be changed?","summaryShort":"Why self-doubt has an outsized effect on certain groups","tag":["tag\u002Fworkplace"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-07-27T19:53:43.69941Z","entity":"article","guid":"6b80e314-9b61-44b0-8b1d-a48462d7839d","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder","modifiedDateTime":"2020-07-27T22:01:23.325654Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200724-why-imposter-syndrome-hits-women-and-women-of-colour-harder","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041131},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal","_id":"5f31355483a9c060439cf1db","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fdavid-robson"],"bodyIntro":"Boosting your ‘metacognition’ helps you reach your goals more easily. All it takes is developing a strategic mindset – something anyone can do.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhenever you read about the secrets of success, you’ll no doubt come across that well-known quote from Thomas Edison, that “genius is one percent inspiration, and ninety-nine percent perspiration”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile inventing the lightbulb, we are told, he tried 3,000 attempts before finally finding a suitable filament that would glow without immediately burning out. The story is meant to be the inspirational reminder that things like natural creativity are often much less important than dogged determination.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere’s no doubt that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1037\u002F0022-3514.92.6.1087\"\u003Epassion and perseverance are essential to reaching your long-term goals\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. But it’s important to remember \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.livescience.com\u002F43424-who-invented-the-light-bulb.html\"\u003Ethe strategic process that Edison went through to reach his goal\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. He didn’t just haphazardly move from one failed design after another, after all, but constantly adapted and refined his ideas. “I would construct a theory and work on its lines until I found it was untenable,” he told Harper’s magazine in 1890. “Then it would be discarded at once and another theory evolved.” At each step of the journey, he was making intelligent decisions that learnt from the failures and built on the small successes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"While others diligently follow the same convoluted path, people with the strategic mindset are constantly looking for a more efficient route forwards","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EYou may not be an inventor tinkering with a new device, but a new study, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pnas.org\u002Fcontent\u002F117\u002F25\u002F14066\"\u003Epublished in the Proceedings of the National Academic of Sciences\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, suggests we might all benefit from a similar way of thinking in the pursuit of our goals.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe construct – called the “strategic mindset” – describes the tendency to question and refine your current approach in the face of setbacks and challenges. While others diligently follow the same convoluted path, people with the strategic mindset are constantly looking for a more efficient route forwards. “It helps them figure out how to direct their efforts more effectively,” says Patricia Chen at the National University of Singapore. And Chen’s new research shows that it may just spell the difference between success or failure. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08lh6qx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThinking about thinking\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChen’s findings build on a wealth of research on metacognition – which is our awareness and understanding of our own thought processes (or, more snappily “thinking about thinking”.) Useful metacognitive strategies would include monitoring your progress in reaching your goal, recognising your flaws and the areas that need improvement and then setting out steps to overcome those challenges.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESuppose you are an expat learning French. Metacognition would help you to recognise that something like self-testing is a better way of learning new words than simply reading vocabulary lists. You might recognise difficulty in following dialogue and decide to spend more time watching French films to improve your ear for the language (rather than, say, fruitlessly focusing on the grammar). You might also set up increasingly difficult challenges – such as embarking on increasingly complex conversations with locals – to improve the fluency of your conversation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe use of metacognitive strategies is not just a reflection of someone’s raw intelligence. “These strategies explain achievement even after controlling for the effect of IQ,” explains Jean-Louis Berger, at the Swiss Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training in Lausanne, whose \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F297791738_Construct_Validity_of_Self-Reported_Metacognitive_Learning_Strategies\"\u003Eown research has explored different ways of measuring metacognition\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08lh6r0"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EPrevious research had demonstrated the importance of metacognition in isolated disciplines – but Chen wondered whether there might be some more general patterns across different domains. Are some people simply more inclined to apply metacognitive strategies in whatever goal they set out to achieve? And if so, could we teach more people to think strategically in that way?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo find out, Chen and her team of researchers put together a questionnaire to test the strategic mindset, and you can try it for yourself below. Simply rate the following statements on a scale of 1 (never) to 5 (all the time):\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWhen you are stuck on something, how often do you ask yourself: “What are things I can do to help myself?”\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWhenever you feel like you are not making progress, how often do you ask yourself: “Is there a better way of doing this?”\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWhenever you feel frustrated with something, how often do you ask yourself: “How can I do this better?”\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EIn moments when you feel challenged, how often do you ask yourself: “What are things I can do to make myself better at this?”\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWhen you are struggling with something, how often do you ask yourself: “What can I do to help myself?”\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWhenever something feels difficult, how often do you ask yourself: “What can I do to get better at this?”\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe higher you score, the more likely you are to have a strategic mindset.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn an initial experiment, Chen’s team asked a group of 365 students to complete the scale in the middle of the autumn semester. As hypothesised, their score predicted their use of various learning strategies (of the kind described above) over the course of the next term, which, in turn, predicted their grades in various classes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo check if the strategic mindset influenced goal pursuit across different domains, Chen’s team then examined a further group of 356 participants pursuing an educational or professional challenge (such as learning a new computing language) and a health or fitness goal (such as losing weight). Once again, the strategic mindset successfully predicted the participants’ use of metacognitive techniques – like regular, systematic progress monitoring – and, as a result, their overall chances of reaching their both types of goals. Some people seem to take more care in adapting and refining their approach to whatever activity they’re doing – and it makes a real difference to their overall success in apparently unrelated areas of life.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08lh6r2"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn their final experiment, the researchers tested whether they could prime people with a strategic mindset – and if that in turn, would change people’s behaviour when they faced a new challenge.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe participants first read an article outlining the basic concept of the strategic mindset, which they had to summarise for a potential post on social media. Afterward, they were led to a laboratory filled with a seemingly endless supply of eggs. Their task was the kind of thing that you might learn on the first day of a culinary school: to separate the whites from the yolks as cleanly and efficiently as possible. If any yolk entered the white bin, they were penalised.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile that may sound a slightly eccentric choice, it was chosen precisely because of its surprise value. “We wanted a task that was relatively unfamiliar and challenging for most participants, which had clear performance metrics, and could be accomplished with different methods,” Chen explained. There was no clear “right” answer – participants could strain the egg through your fingers or make a small hole in the shell and letting the white drip through, for example – and so they had to find the best technique that worked for them. “People were very creative when it came to figuring out different ways to do this task efficiently,” Chen says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESure enough, the participants who had read the article about the strategic mindset tackled the exercise in a more inquisitive and reflective – making more of the opportunity to explore the different possible methods and adapting their behaviour accordingly. As a result, they outperformed a control group by a significant margin.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08lh6r3"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETrue grit\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBesides examining the role of the strategic mindset in goal pursuit, Chen’s studies also examined the constructs relation to various other psychological constructs. She compared it to “grit”, for instance – an increasingly popular trait defined as “passion and perseverance”, which can be measured by rating statements such as “setbacks don’t discourage me”. Grit is known to be incredibly important for people’s various life outcomes, but Chen found that it was largely unrelated to the strategic mindset: each construct appears to contribute separate things to someone’s success.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe results have already impressed \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fangeladuckworth.com\u002F\"\u003EAngela Duckworth\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania who led the research on grit. “I love this work and have already planned to mention it in my undergraduate course, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sas.upenn.edu\u002Fnews\u002Flab-grow-grit\"\u003EGrit Lab\u003C\u002Fa\u003E,” she told me. “In my view grit is about orienting oneself to a really, really long-term goal in pursuing it despite setbacks, while strategic mindset is thinking about any goal, short or long term, in ways that constantly look for efficiency.” Like Chen, she thinks that the two constructs should complement each other. “You could be gritty but not try new and different ways to achieve your long-term goal – that’s not ideal.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Genius may be one percent inspiration and 99% perspiration, but with some strategic thinking, we can save ourselves a lot of blood, sweat and tears","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis first paper was really a proof of concept, of course, and the benefits of the strategic mindset will need to be replicated in different contexts. “What we know now is that adults seem to naturally vary in their strategic mindset, and that a strategic mindset can be taught,” says Chen. The researchers also need to find out how best to teach the strategic mindset, since it may be difficult to lead to long-term change in someone’s long-term thinking. Chen suggests that it could be combined with more general education on metacognition or emotion regulation (an approach that Berger also endorses). Chen is also interested in teaching it in schools. “It is possible that starting young could really help people in the long run.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf nothing else, Chen’s research should be a useful reminder that our current approach to our challenges isn’t necessarily the best one; like Edison’s designs for the lightbulb, we need to be on the constant lookout for ways to improve. Genius may be one percent inspiration and 99% perspiration, but with some strategic thinking, we can save ourselves a lot of blood, sweat and tears.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDavid Robson is the author of \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.davidrobson.me\u002Fthe-intelligence-trap\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe Intelligence Trap: Why Smart People Do Dumb Things\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E (WW Norton\u002FHodder & Stoughton) which examines our most common thinking errors and the ways we can all improve our learning and decision making. He is \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.twitter.com\u002Fd_a_robson\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003Ed_a_robson\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Twitter.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal-12"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-07-22T08:27:24.911Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The mindset you need to succeed at every goal","headlineShort":"The secrets of succeeding at any goal","image":["p08lh6qv"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Boosting your ‘metacognition’ helps you reach your goals more easily. All it takes is developing a strategic mindset – something anyone can do.","summaryShort":"Anyone can benefit from boosting their ‘metacognition’","tag":["tag\u002Fpsychology"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-07-22T07:35:20.814372Z","entity":"article","guid":"ed3b72bd-c0ce-4dc6-81ea-4b87629c69ba","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal","modifiedDateTime":"2020-07-22T07:35:20.814372Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200722-the-mindset-you-need-to-succeed-at-every-goal","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041132},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life","_id":"5f31355583a9c060439cfa3b","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAs we head into 2020, we're running the best, most insightful and most essential Worklife stories from 2019. Read all of the year's biggest hits \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fbest-of-2019\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt university, when I told people I was studying for a history degree, the response was almost always the same: “You want to be a teacher?”. No, a journalist. “Oh. But you’re not majoring in communications?”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the days when a university education was the purview of a privileged few, perhaps there wasn’t the assumption that a degree had to be a springboard directly into a career. Those days are long gone.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EToday, a degree is all but a necessity for the job market, one that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnces.ed.gov\u002Fprograms\u002Fcoe\u002Findicator_cbc.asp\"\u003Emore than halves your chances of being unemployed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Still, that alone is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftheconversation.com\u002Fjust-graduating-from-university-is-no-longer-enough-to-get-a-job-36906\"\u003Eno guarantee of a job\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – and yet we’re paying more and more for one. In the US, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftrends.collegeboard.org\u002Fcollege-pricing\u002Ffigures-tables\u002Faverage-published-undergraduate-charges-sector-2018-19\"\u003Eroom, board and tuition at a private university costs an average of $48,510 a year\u003C\u002Fa\u003E; in the UK, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Feducation-46074099\"\u003Etuition fees alone are £9,250 ($12,000) per year\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for home students; in Singapore, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fblog.bankbazaar.sg\u002Faverage-cost-education-singapore\u002F\"\u003Efour years at a private university can cost up to SGD$69,336\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (US$51,000).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELearning for the sake of learning is a beautiful thing. But given those costs, it’s no wonder that most of us need our degrees to pay off in a more concrete way. Broadly, they already do: in the US, for example, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bls.gov\u002Fcareeroutlook\u002F2018\u002Fdata-on-display\u002Feducation-pays.htm\"\u003Ea bachelor’s degree holder earns $461 more each week\u003C\u002Fa\u003E than someone who never attended a university.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EYou might also like:\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E• \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20190219-how-to-learn-a-language-in-an-hour-a-day\"\u003EThe faster way to learn a new language\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E• \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20190220-how-can-a-distracted-generation-learn-anything\"\u003EHow to teach a distracted generation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E• \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20181114-the-korean-csat-is-the-exam-that-stops-a-nation\"\u003EThe exam that brings a whole country to a standstill\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut most of us want to maximise that investment – and that can lead to a plug-and-play type of approach to higher education. Want to be a journalist? Study journalism, we’re told. A lawyer? Pursue pre-law. Not totally sure? Go into Stem (science, technology, engineering and maths) – that way, you can become an engineer or IT specialist. And no matter what you do, forget the liberal arts – non-vocational degrees that include natural and social sciences, mathematics and the humanities, such as history, philosophy and languages.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis has been echoed by statements and policies around the world. In the US, politicians from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.insidehighered.com\u002Fquicktakes\u002F2015\u002F11\u002F11\u002Fgop-debate-rubio-again-criticizes-philosophy\"\u003ESenator Marco Rubio\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to former \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.insidehighered.com\u002Fnews\u002F2014\u002F01\u002F31\u002Fobama-becomes-latest-politician-criticize-liberal-arts-discipline\"\u003EPresident Barack Obama\u003C\u002Fa\u003E have made the humanities a punch line. (Obama later apologised). In China, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.timeshighereducation.com\u002Fnews\u002Fchina-targets-world-class-status-42-universities\"\u003Ethe government has unveiled plans\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to turn 42 universities into “world class” institutions of science and technology. In the UK, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fuk-45171371\"\u003Egovernment focus on Stem has led to a nearly 20% drop in students taking A-levels in English\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and a 15% decline in the arts.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut there’s a problem with this approach. And it’s not just that we’re losing out on crucial ways to understand and improve both the world and ourselves – including enhancing personal wellbeing, sparking innovation and helping create tolerance, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F304868586_The_Value_of_the_Humanities\"\u003Eamong other values\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt’s also that our assumptions about the market value of certain degrees – and the “worthlessness” of others – might be off. At best, that could be making some students unnecessarily stressed. At worst? Pushing people onto paths that set them up for less fulfilling lives. It also perpetuates the stereotype of liberal arts graduates, in particular, as an elite caste – something that can discourage underprivileged students, and anyone else who needs an immediate return on their university investment, from pursuing potentially rewarding disciplines. (Though, of course, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Faeon.co\u002Fideas\u002Fthe-lack-of-diversity-in-philosophy-is-blocking-its-progress\"\u003Ethis is hardly the only diversity problem\u003C\u002Fa\u003E such disciplines have).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESoft skills, critical thinking\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorge Anders is convinced we have the humanities in particular all wrong. When he was a technology reporter for Forbes from 2012 to 2016, he says Silicon Valley “was consumed with this idea that there was no education but Stem education”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut when he talked to hiring managers at the biggest tech companies, he found a different reality. “Uber was picking up psychology majors to deal with unhappy riders and drivers. Opentable was hiring English majors to bring data to restauranteurs to get them excited about what data could do for their restaurants,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“I realised that the ability to communicate and get along with people, and understand what’s on other people’s minds, and do full-strength critical thinking – all of these things were valued and appreciated by everyone as important job skills, except the media.” This realisation led him to write his appropriately-titled book \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.georgeandersbooks.com\u002F\"\u003EYou Can Do Anything: The Surprising Power of a “Useless” Liberal Arts Education\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ETake a look at the skills employers say they’re after. LinkedIn’s research on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flearning.linkedin.com\u002Fblog\u002Ftop-skills\u002Fthe-skills-companies-need-most-in-2019--and-how-to-learn-them\"\u003Ethe most sought-after job skills by employers for 2019\u003C\u002Fa\u003E found that the three most-wanted “soft skills” were creativity, persuasion and collaboration, while one of the five top “hard skills” was people management. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fuploads\u002Fsystem\u002Fuploads\u002Fattachment_data\u002Ffile\u002F704104\u002FEmployer_Skills_Survey_2015_UK_Results-Amended-2018.pdf\"\u003EA full 56% of UK employers surveyed said their staff lacked essential teamwork skills\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and 46% thought it was a problem that their employees struggled with handling feelings, whether theirs or others’. It’s not just UK employers: one 2017 study found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nber.org\u002Fdigest\u002Fnov15\u002Fw21473.html\"\u003Ethe fastest-growing jobs in the US in the last 30 years have almost all specifically required a high level of social skills\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOr take it directly from two top executives at tech giant Microsoft who \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.businessinsider.com\u002Fmicrosoft-president-says-tech-needs-liberal-arts-majors-2018-1\"\u003Ewrote recently\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: \"As computers behave more like humans, the social sciences and humanities will become even more important. Languages, art, history, economics, ethics, philosophy, psychology and human development courses can teach critical, philosophical and ethics-based skills that will be instrumental in the development and management of AI solutions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOf course, it goes without saying that you can be an excellent communicator and critical thinker without a liberal arts degree. And any good university education, not just one in English or psychology, should sharpen these abilities further. “Any degree will give you very important generic skills like being able to write, being able to present an argument, research, problem-solve, teamwork, becoming familiar with technology,” says Dublin-based educational consultant and career coach \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.annemangan.com\u002F\"\u003EAnne Mangan\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut few courses of study are quite as heavy on reading, writing, speaking and critical thinking as the liberal arts, in particular the humanities – whether that’s by debating other students in a seminar, writing a thesis paper or analysing poetry.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Empathy is usually the biggest skill. That doesn’t just mean feeling sorry for people with problems. It means an ability to understand the needs and wants of a diverse group of people – Anders","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen asked to drill the most job market-ready skills of a humanities graduate down to three, Anders doesn’t hesitate. “Creativity, curiosity and empathy,” he says. “Empathy is usually the biggest one. That doesn’t just mean feeling sorry for people with problems. It means an ability to understand the needs and wants of a diverse group of people.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Think of people who oversee clinical drug tests. You need to get doctors, nurses, regulators all on the same page. You have to have the ability to think about what’s going to get this 72-year-old woman to feel comfortable being tracked long term, what do we have to do so this researcher takes this study seriously. That’s an empathy job.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut in general, say Anders and others, the benefit of a humanities degree is the emphasis it puts on teaching students to think, critique and persuade – often in the grey areas where there isn’t much data available or you need to work out what to believe.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The biggest group of US humanities graduates, 15%, go on to management positions ","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt’s small wonder, therefore, that humanities graduates go on to a variety of fields. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.humanitiesindicators.org\u002Fcontent\u002Findicatordoc.aspx?i=63#en_-1_7\"\u003EThe biggest group of US humanities graduates, 15%, go on to management positions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. That’s followed by 14% who are in in office and administrative positions, 13% who are in sales and another 12% who are in education, mostly teaching. Another 10% are in business and finance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd while there’s often an assumption that the careers humanities graduates pursue just aren’t as good as the jobs snapped up by, say, engineers or medics, that isn’t the case. In Australia, for example, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sbs.com.au\u002Fyourlanguage\u002Fhindi\u002Fen\u002Farticle\u002F2018\u002F07\u002F23\u002Faustralias-10-most-demand-jobs-revealed\"\u003Ethree of the 10 fastest-growing occupations are sales assistants, clerks, and advertising, public relations and sales managers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – all of which might look familiar as fields that humanities graduates tend to pursue.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"calloutBodyHtml":"\u003Cp\u003ESteve Ells, Chipotle founder, art history, University of Colorado at Boulder\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorge Soros, hedge fund manager, philosophy, London School of Economics\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlexa Hirschfeld, Paperless Post co-founder, classics, Harvard University\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAndrea Jung, former Avon CEO, English language and literature, Princeton\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJK Rowling, author, French and classics, University of Exeter\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELarry Sanger, Wikipedia founder, philosophy, Reed College (plus a Ph.D in philosophy, Ohio State University)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAndrew Mason, Groupon founder, music, Northwestern University\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPeter D Hancock, CEO of AIG, politics\u002Fphilosophy\u002Feconomics, Oxford\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJodi Kantor, Pulitzer prize-winning journalist, history, Columbia University\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStewart Butterfield, Flickr co-founder, philosophy, University of Victoria\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECaterina Fake, Flickr co-founder, English, Vassar College\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECarolyn McCall, CEO of ITV and former CEO of Easyjet, history and politics, University of Kent, Canterbury (plus master’s degree in politics, University of London)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChad Hurley, YouTube founder, fine art, Indiana University of Pennsylvania\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E","calloutTitle":"Star performers","cardType":"CalloutBox","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":" \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile, Glassdoor’s 2019 research found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.glassdoor.co.uk\u002FList\u002FBest-Jobs-in-UK-LST_KQ0,15.htm\"\u003Eeight of the top 10 best jobs in the UK were managerial positions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – people-oriented roles that require communication skills and emotional intelligence. (It defined \"best\" by combining earning potential, overall job satisfaction rating and number of job openings.) And many of them were outside Stem-based industries. The third best job was marketing manager; fourth, product manager; fifth, sales manager. An engineering role doesn’t appear on the list until the 18th slot – below positions in communications, HR and project management.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne recent study of 1,700 people from 30 countries, meanwhile, found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.britishcouncil.org\u002Fvoices-magazine\u002Fwhat-do-worlds-most-successful-people-study\"\u003Ethe majority of those in leadership positions had either a social sciences or humanities degree\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. That was especially true of leaders under 45 years of age; leaders over 45 were more likely to have studied Stem.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBe career-ready\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis isn’t to say that a liberal arts degree is the easy road. “A lot of the people I talked to were five or 10 years into their career, and there was a sense that the first year was bumpy, and it took a while to find their footing,” Anders says. “But as things played out, it did tend to work.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor some graduates, the initial challenge was not knowing what they wanted to do with their lives. For others, it was not having acquired as many technical skills with their degree as, say, their IT trainee peers and having to play catch-up after.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut pursuing a more vocational degree can come with its own risks too. Not every teenager knows exactly what they want to do with their lives, and our career aspirations often change over time. One UK report found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bmmagazine.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fthird-brits-reset-career-choices\u002F\"\u003Emore than one-third of Brits have changed careers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in their lifetime. LinkedIn found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fblog.linkedin.com\u002F2018\u002Foctober\u002F11\u002Fthe-job-hopping-generation-young-professionals-are-on-the-move\"\u003E40% of professionals are interested in making a “career pivot”\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – and younger people are interested most of all. Focusing on broadly applicable skills like critical thinking no longer seems like such a moon shot when you consider how many different jobs and industries they can be applied to (though for a young person figuring out their career path, it’s true that flexibility also can feel overwhelming). \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"One 2017 study found that the fastest-growing jobs in the US in the last 30 years have almost all specifically required a high level of social skills","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESpecialised technical skills are important in the job market too. But there are a number of ways to acquire them. “I’m very pro-internships and apprenticeships. We’ve seen that that can directly correlate to you having a more grounded skill base in the workplace,” says career development coach \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Fin\u002Fchristinageorgalla\u002F\"\u003EChristina Georgalla\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“I even advocate that post-university, if you’re not sure, take a year out and instead of going travelling, actually trial doing different internships. Even if it’s the same field but in TV, say, broadcasting versus producing versus presenting, so you can see the difference.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut what about the other perceived pitfalls – like a higher unemployment rate and lower salaries?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy broader matters\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt’s true that the humanities come with a higher risk of unemployment. But it’s worth noting that the risk is slighter than you’d imagine. For young people (aged 25-34) in the US, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.humanitiesindicators.org\u002Fcontent\u002Findicatordoc.aspx?i=10919\"\u003Ethe unemployment rate of those with a humanities degree is 4%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. An engineering or business degree comes with an unemployment rate of a little more than 3%. That single additional percentage point is one extra person per 100, such a small amount it’s often within the margin of error of many surveys.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESalaries aren’t so straightforward either. Yes, in the UK, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ifs.org.uk\u002Fpublications\u002F10177\"\u003Ethe top earnings are pulled in by those who study medicine or dentistry, economics or maths\u003C\u002Fa\u003E; in the US, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.humanitiesindicators.org\u002Fcontent\u002Findicatordoc.aspx?i=64\"\u003Eengineering, physical sciences or business\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Some of the most popular humanities, such as history or English, are in the bottom half of the group.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut there’s more to the story – including that for some jobs, it seems that it’s actually better to start with a broader degree, rather than a professional one.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Notable wage disparities persist in the humanities: US men who major in the humanities have median earnings of $60,000, for example, while women make $48,000","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ETake law. In the US, an undergraduate student who took the seemingly most direct route to becoming a lawyer, judge or magistrate – majoring in a pre-law or legal studies degree – can expect to \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.hamiltonproject.org\u002Fcharts\u002Fmedian_earnings_for_largest_occupations\"\u003Eearn an average of $94,000\u003C\u002Fa\u003E a year. But those who majored in philosophy or religious studies make an average of $110,000. Graduates who studied area, ethnic and civilisations studies earn $124,000, US history majors earn $143,000 and those who studied foreign languages earn $148,000, a stunning $54,000 a year above their pre-law counterparts.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere are similar examples in other industries too. Take managers in the marketing, advertising and PR industries: those who majored in advertising and PR earn about $64,000 a year – but those who studied liberal arts make $84,000.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd even while overall salary disparities do remain, it may not be the degree itself. Humanities graduates in particular are more likely to be female. We all know about the gender pay gap, and notable wage disparities persist in the humanities: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.humanitiesindicators.org\u002Fcontent\u002Findicatordoc.aspx?i=64\"\u003EUS men who major in the humanities have median earnings of $60,000\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, for example, while women make $48,000. \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.aei.org\u002Fpublication\u002Ftable-of-the-day-bachelors-degrees-by-field-and-gender-for-the-class-of-2015\u002F\"\u003ESince more than six in 10 humanities majors are women\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the gender pay gap, not the degree, may be to blame.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe also know that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2016\u002F03\u002F20\u002Fupshot\u002Fas-women-take-over-a-male-dominated-field-the-pay-drops.html\"\u003Eas more women move into a field, the field’s overall earnings go down\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Given that, is it any wonder that English majors, seven in 10 of whom are women, tend to make less than engineers, eight in 10 of whom are men?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDo what you love\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is a big part of why there is one major takeaway, says Mangan. Whatever a student pursues in university, it must be something that they aren’t just good at, but they really enjoy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“In most areas that I can see, the employer just wants to know that you’ve been to college and you’ve done well. That’s why I think doing something that really interests you is essential – because that’s when you’re going to do well,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENo matter what, making a degree or career path decision based on average salaries isn’t a good move. “Financial success is not a good reason. It tends to be a very poor reason,” Mangan says. “Be successful at something and money will follow, as opposed to the other way around. Focus on doing the stuff that you love that you’ll be so enthusiastic about, people will want to give you a job. Then go and develop within that job.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis speaks to a broader point: the whole question of whether a student should choose Stem versus the humanities, or a vocational course versus a liberal arts degree, might be misguided to begin with. It’s not as if most of us have an equal amount of passion and aptitude for, say, accounting and art history. Plenty of people know what they love most. They just don’t know if they should pursue it. And the headlines most of us see don’t help.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is part of why parents and teachers often need to take a step back, Mangan says. “There is only one expert. I’m the expert on me, you’re the expert on you, they’re the expert on themselves,” she says. “And nobody, I really mean nobody, can tell them how to do what they should be doing.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEven, it seems, if that means pursuing a “useless” degree – like one in liberal arts.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E--\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAmanda Ruggeri is a senior journalist and editor at BBC.com. You can follow her on Twitter at \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Famanda_ruggeri\"\u003E@amanda_ruggeri\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETo comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Capital, please head over to our\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FBBCCapital\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E  \u003Cem\u003Epage or message us on \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002FBBC_Capital\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you liked this story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Enewsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E called \"If You Only Read 6 Things This Week\". A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Capital and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life-19"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-04-02T00:01:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Why ‘worthless’ humanities degrees may set you up for life","headlineShort":"Is a humanities degree worthless?","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"Why bother with degrees like History or English? Here’s why the liberal arts could leave you better prepared for employment than you think.","summaryShort":"Debunking the fact from fiction about liberal arts","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-04-02T08:43:07.791322Z","entity":"article","guid":"b62e5cac-1779-481b-a788-26ccff70519e","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-20T20:03:11.981683Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041133},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year","_id":"5f31355783a9c060439d0500","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"As some universities announce plans to hold classes online from September to maintain social distancing, new students face a tough choice – should they delay?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EDevon Tyrie had a plan for the 2020-2021 academic year. The Massachusetts native wanted to take a gap year between graduating from high school and starting university, combining volunteer work, international travel and internships. But with the world still in the grip of Covid-19, it’s clear her year will not pan out as envisaged. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETyrie, 18, says she’s had to make a decision based on worst-case scenarios. She’s been accepted by Middlebury College in Vermont, which like many US institutions, has not yet released plans for the upcoming semester. But some higher education institutions in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.reuters.com\u002Farticle\u002Fus-health-coronavirus-usa-university\u002Ffearing-covid-19-biggest-u-s-university-system-makes-fall-term-virtual-idUSKBN22S01B\"\u003Eboth the US\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Feducation-52732814\"\u003Ethe UK\u003C\u002Fa\u003E have already said they will shift to a predominantly online learning environment for part or all of the next academic year. Tyrie says she’s had to weigh up the risks; if she goes straight to college her first year may be far from the traditional experience, yet if she takes a gap year, her activities will likely be limited. In the end, she’s applied for a deferral to the next academic year. “It’s kind of tough right now, not knowing, but I’m doing my best to make a plan,” says Tyrie. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHer reluctance to start her university education virtually is by no means unique. For students, it’s not an attractive prospect, especially given most universities continue to charge full tuition fees. Madelyn Mackintosh, 17, was looking forward to studying physiology and political science at McGill University in Canada. “Five months ago, a gap year was definitely not in the cards,” she says. But McGill is in Montreal, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmontreal.ctvnews.ca\u002Fmontreal-extends-state-of-emergency-as-over-600-more-people-have-covid-19-1.4922036\"\u003ECanada’s Covid-19 hotspot\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, leaving Mackintosh anxious. Then she found out that McGill was making most of its classes online. “That morning, I wrote to the deferral department and I requested a deferral.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘That’s not college’ \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETaking a gap year between high school and university is fairly \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20160714-is-gap-year-volunteering-a-luxury-for-the-rich\"\u003Ecommon\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in many parts of Europe, the UK, Australia and New Zealand. In the US, the practice is less common, but attracted mainstream attention in 2016 when \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-us-canada-36183287\"\u003EBarack Obama’s daughter Malia\u003C\u002Fa\u003E took a gap year before attending Harvard University. Critics point out that the gap year is often an opportunity \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20160714-is-gap-year-volunteering-a-luxury-for-the-rich\"\u003Ereserved for the wealthy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Yet the concept – and its pros and cons – is under increased scrutiny now as students all over the world weigh up their options for the year ahead.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"It’s kind of tough right now, not knowing, but I’m doing my best to make a plan – Devon Tyrie","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.suttontrust.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F05\u002FCOVID-19-and-Social-Mobility-Impact-Brief-2.pdf\"\u003Erecent study\u003C\u002Fa\u003E on Covid-19 and university access, the London-based \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.suttontrust.com\u002Fabout-us\u002F\"\u003ESutton Trust\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a social mobility organisation, found that one in five university applicants (19%) in the UK had changed their mind about university attendance for the 2020 academic year – whether in terms of their preferred university or by deferring a place in favour of a gap year.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the US, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.artsci.com\u002Fstudentpoll-covid-19-edition-2\"\u003Ea survey conducted in April by\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Baltimore-based consulting firm Art & Science Group found that 17% of students had changed their college plans due to Covid-19. Of those students, 16% indicated that they would take a gap year, while 17% said they would wait until the spring semester (which would start in January 2021) to enrol in university full-time. A third said they would enrol in university on a part-time basis.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt’s far from being an easy decision. Gabriel Hostin, 17, had decided before Covid-19 that he would take a gap year before attending Harvard. Now, he says, there are uncertainties surrounding his plans to travel internationally – something he hopes will change at the start of 2021. In terms of the immediate future, he’s looking at domestic volunteer programmes including community work closer to the New York area, where he’s from. For his peers who are going straight to university, he says there’s concern about not being able to be on the campus when the academic year starts. “For me, that’s not college,” says Hostin.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENew opportunities? \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s a sentiment that Joshua Kim and Edward Maloney, authors of Learning Innovation and The Future Of Higher Education\u003Cem\u003E, \u003C\u002Fem\u003Eunderstand.But Kim, the director of online programs and strategy at Dartmouth College, says, “I think you really have to distinguish between true gap year experiences and simply stopping for a year or waiting for a year.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKim, whose daughter took a gap year in South Korea through a US-government funded initiative, says that for a gap year to be valuable, it needs to be educational and ideally have a structured component. That’s extremely difficult to do right now, says Maloney, with social distancing rules and travel restrictions likely to be in place for the foreseeable future. Having an unplanned and unstructured gap year that essentially equates to a “leave of absence” can be detrimental to students, say Kim and Maloney, because they’re more likely to lose their momentum and decide not to attend college altogether.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKim and Maloney are confident that colleges will be able to adapt to provide an enriching learning environment even in the absence of physical lectures, though caution that students expecting traditional social and sporting experiences will be disappointed. As to whether the move online will deliver value for money, both say that while the experience will be different, those who are committed to their education can probably take advantage of unique opportunities. Maloney, an English professor and the executive director of the Center for New Designs in Learning and Scholarship at Georgetown University, believes that more colleges will involve students in designing their education – a shift from their traditional role as consumers. A potential example of this, he says, is involving undergraduates in a professor’s research endeavour, allowing them to build stronger mentor-mentee relationships.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the UK, Mike Nicholson, director of undergraduate admissions for the University of Bath, says that many schools are awaiting more guidance from the government before releasing their plans for the 2020-2021 academic year. He is optimistic that the institution is “developing expertise” in remote teaching but acknowledges that there are many unknowns – particularly when it comes to recreating experiences like laboratory classes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENo right answer\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGiven the lack of clarity around what either a university or gap year experience might look like, Michelle Dittmer, president and co-founder of the Canadian Gap Year Association, says she’s hearing “a lot of defeat in people’s voices because they just don’t know what’s possible”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The good news is there is no wrong decision. The bad news is there is no right decision either,” says Dittmer. She urges students to be creative and think about what a gap year under current realities could look like, and realise that no decision is final. A gap year allows students to be “opportunistic”, she says, because “social distancing might be lifted tomorrow, in September, or in October. If you’re on a gap year, you have the flexibility to adapt your plans as those things happen.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor those who struggle to find meaningful activities, Dittmer suggests thinking about using the skills you have to help organisations that might benefit. “There are so many charities screaming for support,” says Dittmer. “If you’re a photographer, can you go out into nature and donate your photos to a climate action group so they can use it in their marketing campaign? If you’re passionate about energy use, maybe you can design an app so people can estimate how much electricity they use in their house.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERebecca Montacute, Sutton Trust’s research and policy manager and co-author of the report on 2020 university attendance, believes that those from lower-income families are less likely to have access to opportunities that make taking a gap year valuable. Students from higher-income families may be able to afford to take online courses or find internship opportunities through parents’ professional networks. But less advantaged students “need to have access to finance or they need to be employed in some way”, she says. \"I think my biggest worry is they may find it very difficult to find a minimum wage job at the moment.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERobbed or reframed?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne thing university advocates and gap year organisers agree on is that whatever decision a student makes, they need to be aware that their experience is likely to be different from the pre-pandemic norm.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"To be right on the brink of having a real incredible experience and having that being taken away by something that you have zero control over is heartbreaking and really frustrating – Madelyn Mackintosh","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EEthan Knight, executive director of US-based Gap Year Association, says that students need to think about why they want to take a gap year in the first place. The ‘why’ shouldn’t be that Covid-19 is robbing them of their first year of college, says Knight. “It comes down to what you hope to get out of this experience. What do you want your future to look like?”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThat’s the debate Madelyn Mackintosh is wrestling with right now. “To be right on the brink of having a real incredible experience and having that being taken away by something that you have zero control over is heartbreaking and really frustrating,” she says. “I’m a science student, but long term, I want to go into public health. How I’m trying to reframe this is, well, we’re in the middle of a public health crisis, maybe I can get some public health experience.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd while she admits that she doesn’t know what that looks like just yet, she’s doing her best to remain optimistic. She’s weighing up living on her own or find a job away from her home in Toronto. “I think it could be a beneficial experience, even though it’s going to be more challenging. I think it could be valuable in its own way.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year-8"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-06-04T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The rise of the pandemic-era 'gap year'","headlineShort":"The rise of the pandemic-era 'gap year'","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"As some universities announce plans to hold classes online from September to maintain social distancing, new students face a tough choice – should they delay?","summaryShort":"Campus social distancing measures for autumn are changing students' plans","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-06-03T20:08:24.556727Z","entity":"article","guid":"b9f7596a-6ceb-4194-a7e1-85a682c89347","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year","modifiedDateTime":"2020-06-04T16:56:45.559131Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041133},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths","_id":"5f31355683a9c060439cfeb3","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"You’re not destined to be bad at maths. You just may need to tackle your ‘mathephobia’.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAre you a parent who dreads having to help with maths homework? In a restaurant, do you hate having to calculate the tip on a bill? Does understanding your mortgage interest payments seem like an unsurmountable task?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf so, you’re definitely not alone. Research has \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6087017\u002F\"\u003Eshown\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that in the US, 93% of adults say they have some level of maths anxiety. And it’s not just adults: some 31% of 15- and 16-year-olds across 34 countries say they get very nervous doing maths problems, 33% say they get tense doing maths homework and nearly 60% say they worry maths classes will be difficult, the Programme for International Student Assessment\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.oecd.org\u002Fpisa\u002Fkeyfindings\u002Fpisa-2012-results-volume-III.pdf\"\u003E reports\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESian Beilock, a cognitive scientist and president of Barnard College in New York, says the idea that you are either innately good or bad at maths persists in western countries, and it seems to be socially acceptable to be bad at maths. “You don’t hear adults bragging about not being a reading person, but you do hear them brag about not being a math person,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut many of us who fear maths or believe we’re bad at it may be trying to avoid problems that we are perfectly capable of solving with a little effort. So what is maths anxiety and where does it come from?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EIt takes root early\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe term ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1080\u002F00098655.1954.11476830?journalCode=vtch20\"\u003EMathephobia\u003C\u002Fa\u003E’ was coined by mathematician Mary de Lellis Gough in 1953 after observing her struggling students; she described it as a “disease that proves fatal before its presence is detected”. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.3758\u002Fs13415-015-0370-7#ref-CR46\"\u003EOther experts\u003C\u002Fa\u003E have defined it as “the panic, helplessness, paralysis and mental disorganization that arises among some people when they are required to solve a mathematical problem” and “a general fear of contact with mathematics”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBeilock and her colleagues have shown that maths anxiety can start as soon as we enter formal schooling. “Math is one of the first places in school in Western culture where we really learn about whether we got something right or wrong, and are exposed to being evaluated in timed tests,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGirls may be more prone to it than boys. Primary school teachers often have high levels of maths anxiety, says Beilock, and in the US and elsewhere, they are \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnces.ed.gov\u002Fprograms\u002Fcoe\u002Findicator_clr.asp\"\u003Emostly female\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Since \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpsycnet.apa.org\u002Frecord\u002F1985-11790-001\"\u003Eyoung children tend to identify with adults of the same gender\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, this means girls are more susceptible to picking up maths anxiety from their female teachers. And having a female teacher with maths anxiety, Beilock’s \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.pnas.org\u002Fcontent\u002F107\u002F5\u002F1860\"\u003Eresearch\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shows, makes girls more likely to believe gendered stereotypes about maths, leading to poorer achievement.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Farticles\u002F10.3389\u002Ffpsyg.2017.02067\u002Ffull#supplementary-materialhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Farticles\u002F10.3389\u002Ffpsyg.2017.02067\u002Ffull%23supplementary-material\"\u003EResearch\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by Darcy Hallett, a psychologist at the Memorial University of Newfoundland in Canada who studies maths anxiety, also suggests that early experiences like having unapproachable, angry or frustrated teachers or feeling that the material is moving too quickly are associated with maths anxiety.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Teachers need to emphasise that mistakes are part of the learning process − Einar Skaalvik","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOnce you have it, it can be self-perpetuating. Worrying about it can make it worse, says Beilock, whose \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1080\u002F15248372.2012.664593\"\u003Estudy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of children between the ages of five and eight suggests maths anxiety might \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.sagepub.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1177\u002F0963721416672463?journalCode=cdpa\"\u003Eimpede performance\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by taxing working memory. “Since our ability to focus is limited, our attention gets divided when we do more than one task at a time,” she says. “If you’re worried about having to do math, you may have an internal monologue saying you can’t do this and at the same time you’re trying to calculate numbers.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd when people have maths anxiety they tend to avoid the subject, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fadvances.sciencemag.org\u002Fcontent\u002F5\u002F11\u002Feaay1062\"\u003Eresearch\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from 2019 shows. But since maths builds on itself, avoiding it makes it harder to catch up.  “Math is foundational. If you miss a certain idea, it’s harder to learn the next one,” says Darcy Hallett. “And then you can fall behind, which might make math more of a targeted anxiety compared to other topics.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETeachers who love maths\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAvoiding maths at school might work for those choosing to specialise in other subjects. But society loses out if too many people, including some who could actually be good at maths, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fadvances.sciencemag.org\u002Fcontent\u002F5\u002F11\u002Feaay1062\"\u003Eavoid\u003C\u002Fa\u003E taking maths-related university courses or pursuing maths-related careers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the US, both the private and government sectors \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bls.gov\u002Fopub\u002Fmlr\u002F2015\u002Farticle\u002Fstem-crisis-or-stem-surplus-yes-and-yes.htm\"\u003Eare suffering\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from a lack of STEM workers, while other \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cedefop.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fnews-and-press\u002Fnews\u002Fskill-shortages-europe-which-occupations-are-demand-and-why\"\u003Ecountries\u003C\u002Fa\u003E are also struggling to fill shortages. So, experts are looking at measures that can be taken to tackle maths anxiety at different times of life.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBeilock posits that addressing the issue can begin in the home. Her \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.sagepub.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1177\u002F0956797615592630\"\u003Eresearch suggests\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that parents can pass on their anxieties when they help children with maths homework. But \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F30284862\"\u003Eresearch\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by Beilock and her colleagues suggests that greater exposure to maths in the home – in this case children who regularly played maths games on an app with their parents – helps children perform better at school. Beilock believes doing maths with their children would also give parents more confidence in their own abilities, making them less likely to perpetuate the idea that maths can’t be learned.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShulamit Kahn, an associate professor at Boston University’s Questrom School of Business who has written about the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.oxfordhandbooks.com\u002Fview\u002F10.1093\u002Foxfordhb\u002F9780190628963.001.0001\u002Foxfordhb-9780190628963-e-13\"\u003Egender gap\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in STEM, believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is critical, especially at a young age”. She thinks the key is to get people, especially women, who love maths teaching younger children. That might mean more specific recruitment of people who have maths experience or more on-the-job maths-related training, she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHelping students feel secure enough to speak up in class is also important, says Einar Skaalvik, who studies maths anxiety at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. “My \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F280317704_Students'_Perceptions_of_Emotional_and_Instrumental_Teacher_Support_Relations_with_Motivational_and_Emotional_Responses\"\u003Eresearch\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shows that students with math anxiety are scared of looking bad in front of others and won’t ask questions. Teachers need to emphasise that mistakes are part of the learning process.” It’s also critical, he says, to create a learning-oriented rather than performance-oriented environment; when schools communicate that grades are all that counts, it creates anxiety, and the ranking system can mask individual improvements.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHallett, meanwhile, suggests tackling it as an anxiety issue. “We’re just scratching the surface in terms of what works, but treatments that seem to work are parallel to how you treat anxiety in general.” He and his colleagues are conducting a study with seven- to nine-year-olds using a mindfulness intervention. Preliminary results show that it might work with a certain group of kids. He says by focusing on the present moment and acknowledging their anxiety, students are better able to focus on tests and improve performance. As students see their performance improving, they don’t feel as much anxiety the next time around.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EReducing the anxiety\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt the higher education level too, there is evidence that addressing the anxiety itself can help older students.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBeilock was part of a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpsycnet.apa.org\u002Frecord\u002F2014-12165-001\"\u003Estudy from 2014\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that showed giving university students with maths anxiety a short expressive writing exercise ahead of a maths tests helped improve their performance. For the written exercise, the students were asked to explore their feelings of anxiety about the test; the researchers suggest that the exercise may have helped students better understand and regulate their emotions, freeing up cognitive resources to improve working memory and performance in the subsequent test.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"If we aren't helping those who are most math anxious best tackle activities involving math, it’s hard to see how folks can live up to their potential − Sian Beilock","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThat means that if you’re feeling stressed before a maths exam, it may help to spend a few minutes exploring those feelings before the exam begins. “It’s about making sure you’re interpreting your feelings correctly,” Beilock says. “Just because you have a fast heartbeat and sweaty palms, that does not necessarily mean you will fail.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESome higher education providers offer classes to address maths anxiety. Montgomery College, a public community college in Maryland, has offered a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcatalog.montgomerycollege.edu\u002Fpreview_course_nopop.php?catoid=2&coid=2023\"\u003Eclass dedicated\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to overcoming maths phobia and building confidence for several years. John Hamman, a maths professor, says the course explores where the anxiety comes from and teaches coping strategies. “One thing we focus on is mindset. A lot of students come in with a fixed mindset specifically to math and the belief that you are either good at it or not. We talk a lot about… the importance of effort,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Finsidemc.montgomerycollege.edu\u002Fdetails-mobile.php?id=91233\"\u003EResearch carried out at the college\u003C\u002Fa\u003E also showed that more autonomy when studying reduced students’ anxiety and improved performance. In response, the college introduced more self-paced learning; students solve problems online using an AI programme that fits questions to performance, with an instructor on hand to answer questions. Students are less likely to feel the pressure of falling behind the rest of the class or embarrassed to ask questions, and the instructor becomes less intimidating. “It is a subtle shift from looking at an instructor, to looking at a screen with an instructor and talking about solving a problem,” Hamman says. “But we find it can reduce anxiety.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOf course, there will always be people who will want to avoid maths at all cost. But those people might benefit the most from tackling the anxiety caused by numbers, according to Beilock. “Math is part of everyday life,” she says. “If we aren't helping those who are most math anxious best tackle activities involving math, it’s hard to see how folks can live up to their potential.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths-10"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-05-12T20:00:37Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The myth of being 'bad' at maths","headlineShort":"Are you as bad at maths as you think?","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"You’re not destined to be bad at maths. You just may need to tackle your ‘mathephobia’.","summaryShort":"The dangers of thinking you’re not a ‘maths person’","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2020-05-11T19:57:19.076666Z","entity":"article","guid":"92fe3b35-73f1-46e1-a0ea-61f0653a6d2b","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths","modifiedDateTime":"2020-05-11T19:57:19.076666Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041133},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history","_id":"5f31355483a9c060439cf2e8","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fanisa-purbasari-horton"],"bodyIntro":"Australia’s government plans to increase university tuition fees for humanities subjects and reduce them for ‘job-relevant’ Stem courses. Is it a good idea?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAustralia’s government \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.abc.net.au\u002Fnews\u002F2020-06-19\u002Funiversity-fees-tertiary-education-overhaul-course-costs\u002F12367742\"\u003Erecently announced\u003C\u002Fa\u003E some bad news for prospective university students planning to take subjects in the humanities, social sciences or law. To enrol in courses like history and philosophy, they’d have to pay more than their peers studying the sciences, maths or healthcare. In the case of history, for example, the government proposed that course fees would rise by 113%. The cost of many science-related courses would fall by 20%, with the biggest drop visible in mathematics and agriculture – where fees would drop by 62%. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe announcement came as part of a higher education reform package entitled “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dese.gov.au\u002Fsystem\u002Ffiles\u002Fdoc\u002Fother\u002Fjob_ready_graduates_discussion_paper_1.pdf\"\u003EJob-Ready Graduates\u003C\u002Fa\u003E”, which contains complex changes to funding structures and still needs to be passed by parliament. The element that has stirred debate is the plan to reduce student tuition costs in fields expected to produce the most job growth and increase them for courses seen as less vital to the economy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"A cheaper degree in an area where there’s a job is a win-win for students – Dan Tehan","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a speech to the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fministers.dese.gov.au\u002Ftehan\u002Fminister-education-dan-tehan-national-press-club-address\"\u003ENational Press Club\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Education Minister Dan Tehan said the government wanted to “incentivise students to make more job-relevant choices”.  The next wave of graduates would have to power the post-Covid economic recovery, he stressed. “A cheaper degree in an area where there’s a job is a win-win for students.” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore places?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETehan’s plans, with a proposed start in 2021, generated a wave of headlines. Many in the higher education sector wondered whether the change would really \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.smh.com.au\u002Fnational\u002Fit-doesn-t-add-up-uni-funding-overhaul-will-also-hurt-stem-students-20200621-p554n9.html\"\u003Elead to more places in “job-ready” courses\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, whether it was the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftheconversation.com\u002Fdefunding-arts-degrees-is-the-latest-battle-in-a-40-year-culture-war-141689\"\u003Elatest battle in a continuing attack against the humanities\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and whether it would exacerbate \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.canberratimes.com.au\u002Fstory\u002F6799721\u002Ffears-humanities-could-become-domain-of-elites-in-uni-shake-up\u002F\"\u003Eexisting inequalities within higher education\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELuke Sheehy, the executive editor of Australian Technology Network of Universities, describes Tehan’s announcement as “a very complicated reshuffling” of government university funding. According to Sheehy, rather than investing more money to encourage prospective students into Stem fields (science, technology, engineering and mathematics), the government is trying to shift more of the overall funding burden onto students and simultaneously send them a “price signal”. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn general, fees in Australia are lower than in the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.timeshighereducation.com\u002Fstudent\u002Fadvice\u002Fcost-studying-university-united-states\"\u003EUS\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.officeforstudents.org.uk\u002Fadvice-and-guidance\u002Fpromoting-equal-opportunities\u002Faccess-and-participation-plans\u002Ffee-limits\u002F\"\u003EUK\u003C\u002Fa\u003E; under the proposed changes, the most expensive courses would cost AU$14,500 (£8,135, $10,334) per year. The government subsidises places for domestic students; \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dese.gov.au\u002Fsystem\u002Ffiles\u002Fdoc\u002Fother\u002Fjob_ready_graduates_discussion_paper_1.pdf\"\u003Edifferent subjects receive different levels of subsidy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The reforms redistribute these subsidies and changes the amount of funding that different subjects receive. For subjects like law and the humanities, the increase in student fees exceeds the decrease in government subsidies, meaning universities end up with higher fees overall. This is not the case in “job-ready subjects”, where universities are forced to absorb a shortfall since the government subsidies do not offset the drop in student fees. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08m11lt"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"File image of a science student at an Australian university","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis, higher education professionals argue, means \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftheconversation.com\u002Fthe-government-is-making-job-ready-degrees-cheaper-for-students-but-cutting-funding-to-the-same-courses-141280\"\u003Elower per-capita student funding\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that will not give universities the resources they need to produce more ‘job-ready’ graduates – and could even back-fire. Ian Jacobs, president and vice-chancellor of The University of New South Wales, said \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.president.unsw.edu.au\u002Fspeeches\u002Funsw-response-to-proposed-changes-to-higher-education-policy-and-funding\"\u003Ein a statement\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that training more scientists and engineers would cost universities more, creating “a perverse financial incentive” to reduce Stem-related courses and train more people in subjects commanding higher student fees. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMisha Schubert, CEO of Science and Technology Australia, says that while the sector welcomes the strong emphasis on Stem skills in terms of job creation and economic growth, it’s too early to tell whether that will “translate into more places being created at universities for Stem degrees”.\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWill price drive selection?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s also not clear how much impact the fee changes will have on how students choose their courses. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“What we’ve seen in the last few decades is that students are price-insensitive to courses. \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu\u002Fviewdoc\u002Fdownload?doi=10.1.1.128.2787&rep=rep1&type=pdf\"\u003EWhere there have been changes to fees in the past\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, it hasn’t had much of an impact,” says Jason Brown, a lecturer in careers and employability learning at La Trobe university in Melbourne. Sheehy agrees, saying: “I don’t think we’re going to see a change in enrolment behaviour.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I think the idea that you can persuade the student who is interested in philosophy to go and become an engineer is just not how this is going to work - Joel Barnes","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThat’s supported by \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmelbourne-cshe.unimelb.edu.au\u002F__data\u002Fassets\u002Fpdf_file\u002F0016\u002F1513123\u002FFYE-2014-FULL-report-FINAL-web.pdf\"\u003Ea survey\u003C\u002Fa\u003E conducted by The University of Melbourne investigating the experiences of first-year students between 1994 and 2014. When students were asked their main reason for enrolling, intrinsic interest in their subject consistently ranked highest, ahead of improving job prospects. In 1994, 94% considered interest in their field as an important reason to study, a figure that went up to 96% in 2014.     \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think the idea that you can persuade the student who is interested in philosophy to go and become an engineer is just not how this is going to work,” says Joel Barnes, a public history researcher at University of Technology Sydney. Then there are also reasons beyond interest and job prospects that go into a student’s choice to pick a field of study. For example, those with learning disabilities may face additional challenges if they were forced to pick courses that don’t correspond with how they learn best, or isn’t taught in a way that is conducive to their learning. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESheehy points out that prior education reforms in Australia made law degrees more expensive, yet \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpursuit.unimelb.edu.au\u002Farticles\u002Fhow-australia-got-so-many-law-schools\"\u003Euniversities continue to see a consistent increase in law graduates\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Conrad Liveris, a labour market economist, told \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.abc.net.au\u002Fnews\u002F2020-06-28\u002Funiversity-fees-warning-for-wa-nursing-and-engineering-graduates\u002F12396382\"\u003EABC News\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that while the change may prompt more students to at least think about studying job-ready courses, “whether they continue with that is another thing”.   \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBoth Brown and Barnes acknowledge, however, that students from low-income backgrounds could end up factoring price into their decision-making. Barnes fears that the “demographic character” of humanities will change to include fewer people from working-class or less privileged backgrounds, something he says would be a great shame. “If humanities do become something that’s just for the privileged, it will become less diverse, less critical and less interesting.” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThat’s a sentiment shared by Tiana Sixsmith, a third-year anthropology and human rights student at Monash University in Melbourne. “What we feel like we’ll see is that those who don’t need to worry about the fees aren’t going to worry about it,” says Sixsmith. But she’s aware that the fee increases are already making those from low socio-economic groups reconsider studying particular subjects, based on the conversations she’s had with activist student groups and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002Fstudentsagainstfeeincrease\"\u003Ediscussions on a Facebook group\u003C\u002Fa\u003E opposing the fee change. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECulture war or common sense?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESixsmith also raises a question that has stirred passionate debate in the Australian higher education community - whether the change is an “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.yacvic.org.au\u002Fblog\u002Fin-defence-of-my-arts-degree\u002F\"\u003Eideological jab at the arts\u003C\u002Fa\u003E” or a solid plan that will “actually support students and universities post-pandemic”. Barnes, in a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftheconversation.com\u002Fdefunding-arts-degrees-is-the-latest-battle-in-a-40-year-culture-war-141689\"\u003Erecent article\u003C\u002Fa\u003E,  described the changes as the latest battle in a “decades-old” culture war against the humanities driven by those who perceive them “as generally antagonistic to political interests”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08m123d"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"File image of a male student sitting, reading in a library","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“It’s useful for society to have a well-educated citizenry who understands how politics function, who understands the history of a given nation, and how that fits into broader culture,” he says. He also challenges the idea that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life\"\u003Ehumanities graduates are somehow less job-ready\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, pointing out that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.qilt.edu.au\u002Fdocs\u002Fdefault-source\u002Fgos-reports\u002F2019-gos\u002F2019-gos-national-report.pdf\"\u003Egovernment data\u003C\u002Fa\u003E “shows that arts and humanities graduates have comparable or slightly better employment outcomes”. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe debate has also highlighted tensions around the role of universities; should they be a place of learning or of vocational training. Australian universities, since their founding, have always involved a negotiation between vocational training and liberal education, says Barnes. “I think what we’re seeing now is a government who is thinking about the purpose of universities in almost entirely vocational terms… and I think that’s new.” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his speech, Tehan described the changes as “common sense”. “If Australia needs more educators, more health professionals and more engineers, then we should incentivise students to pursue those careers,” he said. He also pointed out that the student-loan scheme meant no-one would be denied a place to study their chosen subject because they could not pay. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd despite criticism of the policy, when \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.abc.net.au\u002Fnews\u002F2020-06-20\u002Funiversity-fees-changes-federal-government-education-humanities\u002F12376580\"\u003EABC News\u003C\u002Fa\u003E surveyed its readers about the changes, several said cheaper courses would be a factor in their decision to study – a view that seemed more common among those who had already completed one degree but were considering going back to complete a vocational course for a career pivot. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘We need both’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETime will tell whether the changes - if they become law - will achieve the government’s desired impact. But one thing many seem to agree on is that an economically thriving and well-functioning society requires citizens that are Stem-literate and citizens versed in humanities. Schubert, Sheehy and Brown all reject the idea that a university has to choose between vocational training or liberal education, or that investing in Stem education should come at the expense of humanities and social sciences.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"We are encouraging students to embrace diversity and not think about their education as a siloed degree – Dan Tehan","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESchubert points out that current technological innovation, for example, is bringing up multiple ethical and legal issues. It’s vital to understand how new products interact in human application and to have people thinking about such issues in the design phase. To do that, Schubert says, we need people with a cross-disciplinary perspective. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn fact, this is exactly the kind of arrangement that the government says it wants to encourage. “We are encouraging students to embrace diversity and not think about their education as a siloed degree,” said Tehan in his speech to the National Press Club. “So if you want to study history, also think about studying teaching. If you want to study philosophy, also think about studying a language. If you want to study law, also think about studying IT.” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBarnes says it’s vital to avoid thinking about higher education as a contest between rival disciplines. “We need both; a lot of the very best work [takes place] at the intersection of both of those. I think both humanists and scientists can fall into the trap like it’s a competition. I think it’s best for everyone in the higher education sector if we can resist that discourse, and instead be in dialogue with one another.”  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history-10"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Why Australia is doubling fees for arts degrees","headlineShort":"The nation doubling arts-degree fees","image":["p08m10fg"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"File image of graduates at the University of Melbourne","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190401-why-worthless-humanities-degrees-may-set-you-up-for-life","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200603-the-rise-of-the-pandemic-era-gap-year","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-how-to-tackle-your-anxiety-about-maths"],"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fstudent"],"summaryLong":"Australia’s government plans to increase university tuition fees for humanities subjects and reduce them for ‘job-relevant’ Stem courses. Is it a good idea?","summaryShort":"Australia hopes to steer more students towards cheaper ‘job-ready’ courses","tag":["tag\u002Feducation"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-07-28T20:06:24.864372Z","entity":"article","guid":"a108befd-77b9-4195-872e-cd23c1b2c116","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history","modifiedDateTime":"2020-07-28T20:06:24.864372Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200728-why-australia-is-charging-more-to-study-history","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041132},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane","_id":"5f31355783a9c060439d07ad","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"In virus terms, boarding is one of the riskiest parts of flying. How can airlines keep passengers apart – and still take off on time?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIf you’ve ever queued on a crowded walkway, sandwiched tightly between two strangers, and thought: ‘There must be a better way to board a plane’, here’s the good news: You’re right. The bad news? Most airlines simply don’t care. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThat, at least, has long been the case. Airlines generally board passengers in an order that reflects their status with the airline and how much they’ve spent on the ticket, rather than where they’re actually sitting, leading to painful bottlenecks on board. It’s a balancing act: quicker, more efficient boarding saves the airline money and time, but rewarding loyalty – even at the cost of other passengers’ time or comfort – may earn them more in the long run.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"From a coronavirus perspective, boarding is one of the riskiest parts of taking a flight","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBut the coronavirus could upend this. All of a sudden, airlines and airports must scramble for new solutions to reduce the risk of virus transmission, while boarding passengers as quickly as possible. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFrom a coronavirus perspective, boarding is one of the riskiest parts of taking a flight. The airport terminal itself gives passengers room to spread out, while on board the plane, you’re surprisingly safe, providing the engine is running. Cabin air is entirely refreshed \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Finfectioncontrol\u002Fguidelines\u002Fenvironmental\u002Fappendix\u002Fair.html\"\u003Eevery five minutes or so\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and filtered using \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.epa.gov\u002Findoor-air-quality-iaq\u002Fwhat-hepa-filter-1\"\u003Ehospital-grade HEPA filters\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which remove more than 99% of viruses and bacteria attached to droplets. But during boarding, passengers are in close contact with one another, often in poorly ventilated spaces like the plane’s aisle or the walkway, also known as a jet bridge. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERight now, it’s not such an issue. Many planes are flying well short of full capacity, while some are leaving \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200422-when-can-we-start-flying-again\"\u003Emiddle seats empty\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to allow social distancing. But that’s not a viable financial option for the future, making the pressure to get boarding right huge. In the short term, more efficient boarding should keep passengers safe, while ideally saving carriers money. In the long run, it could change the way we board planes for good. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDeceptively simple solutions\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUnder normal circumstances, airlines opt for controlled disorder. First up to board are higher-status flyers or anyone in need of extra assistance, followed by block after block of those in cattle class. As these groups are not generally ordered by row, it’s particularly inefficient, not to mention stressful. Traffic jams are inevitable as passengers line up to get onto the plane, let one another into their seats or lift bags into the overhead locker.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Dozens of people wait in a jet bridge queue in Warsaw on 7 November 2019","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the Covid-19 world, those traffic jams risk far more than just irritation. Even with masks, packing people close together on an unventilated jet bridge is needlessly risky, especially if there’s a better way.\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMichael Schultz, an engineer at Dresden University’s Institute of Logistics and Aviation in Germany, has been working on precisely this problem for a new paper. He and co-author Jörg Fuchte of German aerospace company Diehl Aviation hope to publish it in coming weeks. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the normal boarding procedure, a passenger might come into close contact with five or six others. Introducing social distancing measures, where passengers remain about five feet apart, reduces that number down to one or two – not bad, but still too many. Changing the boarding procedure to board window seat passengers at the back first, for instance, however, can reduce the number of so-called “critical contacts” even further. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe key, after running more than 100,000 simulations? Opening both the back and front door. “You can then separate the stream into two,” he says. Even if there is someone on the flight who poses a risk of infection, “at least one half – the front or the back – will never get in contact with that person.” At that point, “critical contact” drops down to “substantially below one, even with normal carry-on luggage”. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJet bridges normally only allow access to either the front or back half of the plane, making it impossible to split the crowd in half. But sending passengers outside the terminal to board, by walking straight out onto the tarmac by the gate, as some budget airlines do already, solves this problem and more, by taking them into a low-risk, open-air environment where transmission is less likely.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Tourists boarding a plane at the airport in Barcelona on 28 July 2014","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOther solutions are a little more radical. So-called “dynamic” seating would assign passengers their seat when they scanned their boarding card at the gate – a bit like getting a table at a crowded restaurant. You might have the option to request a window or an aisle seat, or to board as a family, but the rest would be down to how the plane had filled up so far. Because an algorithm would decide where you sat, there would be little incentive to shove your way to the front of the line. “I think this way could be the future,” he says. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EApplied theoretical physics\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EArguably the fastest solution for boarding a plane is known as the Steffen method. Its inventor, Jason Steffen, normally has little to do with aviation. As an astrophysicist at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, he spends most of his time grappling with outer space – specifically, the planets that orbit distant stars. But about 10 years ago, he became consumed with the problem of how best to board passengers, eventually sitting down and “solving it” in a matter of weeks. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHis solution is fiddly at best. Passengers board in waves, starting with people in window seats on one side of the plane, two rows apart – think 30A, then 28A, then 26A and so on. The next “wave” is passengers on the other side – 30F, 28F, 26F – followed by odd-numbered window seats, even-numbered then odd-numbered middle seats, and finally aisle seats. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere’s reason to consider this method in a coronavirus context, because it moves passengers through the system very quickly. “When passengers are stopped, they're not stopped next to someone and the line inside the jetway would clear faster,” says Steffen. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut there are practical concerns. Though in field tests Steffen’s method has proven almost twice as fast as regular boarding, organising those waves is still a challenge. Airlines such as the US budget carrier Southwest have managed to sort passengers into groups at the gate, but it requires co-operation from passengers. “You need lots of preparation for that process,” says Michael Schmidt, a Germany-based engineer currently working at Munich Airport. “Because everyone has to be lined up and you don’t board with the person who's sitting next to you, if a family is travelling together, it's kind of tough.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Monarch Airlines passengers store hand luggage on 11 May 2015","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESchmidt is well acquainted with the boarding conundrum. While at Bauhaus, the Airbus group company that explores the future of aviation, he helped build a simulator to test the effects of everything from widening the aisle to introducing new seating concepts on passenger flow. Some of that work is now coming in useful as he tries to figure out the safest possible way for passengers to move through the terminals at Munich. “It’s challenging because we don't actually have any data, because passenger numbers are quite limited,” he says. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFrom an airport perspective, there are a few solutions that don’t require overhauling the whole system, inefficient as it is. Lufthansa is currently testing out biometric boarding, where scanners “match your identity with your face”, he says. “Then you could go through the checkpoint, without taking out your boarding pass or your mobile phone.” It’s faster and helps reduce contact between ground staff and passengers, though privacy experts cite concerns about how this biometric data \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jdsupra.com\u002Flegalnews\u002Fbiometrics-beware-compliance-and-the-66757\u002F\"\u003Ewould be stored or used\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile Schultz’s suggestions allow passengers to have normal amounts of hand luggage, incentivising passengers to go without could result in fewer gate-side check-ins, less time bickering over overhead locker space and a faster process overall. And, when it comes to coronavirus, it means less huffing and puffing as passengers lift their bags, further reducing transmission rate. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESome German airports including Munich and Frankfurt have already taken steps to encourage passengers to downsize, says Schmidt: “If you just have one small item, there’s a fast lane [at security].” Meanwhile, the Indian government is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com\u002Ftravel\u002Fdestinations\u002Fair-travel-in-india-could-go-through-major-changes-heres-how\u002Fas75732668.cms\"\u003Ereportedly considering banning hand luggage\u003C\u002Fa\u003E altogether. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENo more block boarding?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMany of these proposals are actually improvements on the sluggish status quo. It begs the question of whether, in a hopefully not-too-distant post-vaccine era, they might become the new normal, even once the risk of transmission has gone down. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt this early stage, many airlines are still testing out new approaches. In April, the US airline Delta began boarding flights by row from back to front, with passengers asked to stay seated until their row is announced. (Premium class passengers can still board whenever they want.) United has also done away with boarding by large groups, instead admitting passengers in small groups to minimise crowding.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne possibility, says Seth Kaplan, an aviation analyst with Kaplan Research, is that months of social distancing might make us more likely to avoid situations where we’re within spitting distance of strangers. For years, some airlines have bused first-class passengers straight to the plane, allowing them to bypass the gate altogether. If business or premium economy class passengers now also want to board as late as possible, and instead stay in the lounge, the old block boarding style may no longer make sense. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUltimately, when it comes to aviation, “every crisis changes the industry”, he says. “So you can't have the biggest crisis ever without also having some of the biggest changes ever.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane-8"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-06-15T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"How Covid-19 could change plane boarding","headlineShort":"How Covid could change plane boarding","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Interior of large passenger plane, taken on 2 May 2018","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"In virus terms, boarding is one of the riskiest parts of flying. How can airlines keep passengers apart – and still take off on time?","summaryShort":"The science of loading airline passengers safely","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-06-15T00:30:04.219956Z","entity":"article","guid":"4e9d373b-2a54-4af2-924a-3a3016e4918f","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane","modifiedDateTime":"2020-06-15T00:30:04.219956Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041134},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus","_id":"5f31355783a9c060439d06d0","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Feel like you can’t concentrate on anything at the moment? You’re not alone. The extra anxiety caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has impaired our working memory, experts say.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWe all know the feeling: you walk into a room with a mission and then stop, confused and a little disjointed, realising you have completely forgotten why you’re there.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2011, researchers at the University of Notre Dame sought to figure out why – they determined it was the act of walking through the doorway that caused the instant amnesia. The brain, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1080\u002F17470218.2011.571267\"\u003Etheir study showed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, is only designed to hold so much information at once, and a location change functions like a trigger to shed some data to make space for more.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESince the coronavirus’ spread began, I’ve been having that feeling of forgetting why I’m in the kitchen dozens of times a day. In fact, I’m finding it almost impossible to focus on anything at all. I can’t keep a phone number in my head long enough to dial it, and it takes forever to write a simple email. I start in on a task, and it’s only a few minutes before I’m distracted. My productivity has plummeted.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"‘I am incredibly busy,’ one writer friend said recently, ‘doing nothing but dishes and taking walks’","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EI’m not alone. Nearly every person I’ve mentioned my new preoccupation problem to is dealing with similar issues. Suddenly, it takes a herculean effort to get anything of substance done. “I am incredibly busy,” one writer friend said recently, “doing nothing but dishes and taking walks.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESoft focus\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhat’s happening is a malfunction of working memory: the ability to grasp incoming information, form it into a cohesive thought, and hold onto it long enough to do what you need to with it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Think of it as the mental platform for our cognitive operations, for what we’re thinking now,” says Matti Laine, a professor of psychology at Åbo Akademi University in Finland. “Working memory is closely related to attention. You’re focusing on some task, some goal, some directive or behaviour you want to get accomplished.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn other words, working memory is the ability to reason in real time, and it’s a big part of what makes the human brain so powerful. But research has showed that rapidly changing circumstances, worry and anxiety can all have a significant impact on your ability to focus.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Rapidly-changing circumstances, worry, and anxiety can all have a significant impact on your ability to focus","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Long before the pandemic, we completed an \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6351483\u002F\"\u003Eonline study\u003C\u002Fa\u003E with a large group of American adults who filled out self-assessment questionnaires,” says Laine. “We saw a trend of a negative relationship between anxiety and working memory. The higher the anxiety, the lower the working memory performance.” When you’re having an acute anxious experience – say, someone threatening is walking behind you on your way home in the dark – it means you might have trouble recalling the details of their face. A drawn-out stressful situation can also ravage the working memory, making even the simplest tasks feel more difficult than they used to be.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We’re talking about anxiety and stress that’s not acute,” says Laine. “It’s related to a deeply uncertain future. You don’t know – does it continue this summer, this autumn? Nobody knows. It’s leading us to a more chronic anxiety situation.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile collecting data for an as-yet unpublished study on working memory training this spring, Laine says he and his team asked about 200 people from the UK and North America whether they had anxiety specifically linked to the pandemic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“We added a question about pandemic anxiety because at that time it was all over the news,” says Laine. “We asked people to report their anxiety levels on a scale from zero to ten, with ten being ‘rippling constant worry that interferes with daily activity’. The mean value, which I think is pretty high, was about 5.6.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition, Laine says those figures showed a clear correlation between that pandemic-related anxiety and decreased working memory performance, though there may be several different mechanisms for how anxiety, pandemic-related or otherwise, interrupts cognitive function. “There’s an idea that it somehow eats up your capacity,” he says. “When you’re anxious, your head is full of those thoughts, and your brain is somehow biased and paying more attention to negative things.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESustained anxiety can also cause insomnia, explains Oliver Robinson of the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London. “Lack of sleep is a really good way of impairing working memory,” he says. “If you’re not sleeping as well, that’s a great way to wreck it.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven if you’re not explicitly aware of being more on edge, “it’s something you’re processing,” adds Robinson. Working memory problems might also be due in part to a cognitive load that’s overwhelming your brain’s capacity.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERobinson explains that even simple cognitive processes like making a shopping list now require more brainpower. “Now, rather than thinking, ‘I’ll just run to the store’, you’re thinking about what you need, what stores are open and whether it’ll be safe to go there. Let’s say your brain can do four tasks at once. Now all of a sudden there are 10, and you can’t do any of them.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBrain gains? \u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe good news is you can exercise working memory. There are lots of ‘brain games’ out there, but playing most of them, experts agree, doesn’t actually do anything except make you better at that game. “Cognitive training games don’t make me better at remembering my shopping list,” says Robinson. “That’s like trying to train people to play tennis by having them run.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever, one specific type of training exercise, called the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5805159\u002F\"\u003EN-back\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, does show promise in some studies. The N-back task is a bit like the classic Concentration game, in which players have to find pairs of matching cards. But, instead of pairs, there is only one object that moves around the grid-style board. Players have to remember the object’s position through a certain number of turns – 1-back, 2-back, and so on.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhether playing it has a real-world impact on working memory remains \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F28116702\u002F\"\u003Ea bit controversial\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the neuroscience community, but a few rounds may also help you let go of some tension. After all, it’s the anxiety that’s causing the problem in the first place, and relieving that could help solve some focus issues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EUsually, in therapeutic treatment for anxiety, “we rely on showing people that things aren’t as bad as they think they are,” says Robinson. “In this case, you can’t really use that. But you can limit the things that make you think about it.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn other words, rebooting your working memory may also mean \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200505-coronavirus-how-much-news-is-too-much\"\u003Ecutting down on your news consumption\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and considering \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200513-how-to-take-a-digital-detox-during-the-covid-19-pandemic\"\u003Ea break from social media\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. But the most effective thing to do might simply be to convince yourself it’s OK to be struggling. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Giving yourself permission to feel it’s OK to not feel OK, paradoxically, can make you more OK. If you are just fixating on it, you aren’t going to get anything done,” says Robinson. “You’re just not going to be as productive, and there’s nothing wrong with not being able to work at 100% capacity: we are still in the midst of a pandemic.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus-12"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-06-12T02:21:46Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"How anxiety affects your focus","headlineShort":"How anxiety is affecting your focus","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Feel like you can’t concentrate on anything at the moment? You’re not alone. The extra anxiety caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has impaired our working memory, experts say.","summaryShort":"Can’t concentrate right now? You’re not alone","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-06-11T17:49:54.503257Z","entity":"article","guid":"ad5e62ae-e8d4-4043-b618-1802f785ebfe","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus","modifiedDateTime":"2020-06-16T08:50:07.207433Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041134},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures","_id":"5f31355783a9c060439d0806","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fchristian-jarrett"],"bodyIntro":"Failure is often seen as a source of shame. But if we studied and shared our failures, we could learn a lot from them.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESuccesses enjoy more attention than failures. We celebrate stories of triumph, and pore over them to extract the reasons why things went so well. Industries package the lessons and share them as tips for ‘best practice’, while after-dinner speakers regale their audiences with the steps they took to glory. By contrast, if they’re not buried completely, failures, and those who perpetrate them, are more often seen as sources of shame or ignominy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet it is often the errors, missteps and outright flops that contain more useful practical information on how to do things better, if only we were more willing to share and study them. That’s according to Ayelet Fishbach and Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, psychologists at the Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe pair believe that we often fail to learn sufficiently from when things go wrong. “Take bad business decisions, which we make because we don’t learn from others’ and our own failures. We similarly often ignore signs that our relationships aren’t going well or that our boss is unpleased with our performance. We don’t code [pay attention to] failures and don’t bother to learn the lesson for how to succeed,” says Fishbach.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EReluctance to share\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPrevious research had already exposed our unhelpful aversion to information about ongoing or future failure – a problem dubbed ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002F99u.adobe.com\u002Farticles\u002F21387\u002Fthe-ostrich-problem-and-the-danger-of-not-tracking-your-progress\"\u003Ethe ostrich effect\u003C\u002Fa\u003E’ by University of Sheffield psychologist Thomas Webb and his colleagues. Whether we’re trying a new fitness regime, building a company website or planning for a looming pandemic, the human inclination is to put our heads in the sand once we’ve embarked on our path. Rather than monitoring our progress to check if we’ve gone off track, we grit our teeth, continue and hope for the best.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4x61"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWe also tend to neglect imagining what might go wrong when we look ahead toward attaining a goal, as research by psychologist Gabriele Oettingen at New York University and the University of Hamburg has shown. Yet when people are prompted to engage in ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002F99u.adobe.com\u002Farticles\u002F7232\u002Fthe-power-of-negative-thinking\"\u003Emental contrasting\u003C\u002Fa\u003E’ – anticipating the obstacles along the way to attaining their goal – they are more likely to persevere and succeed in their aims.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I’m fascinated by a growing trend of companies holding ‘screw-up nights’ – the actual name is a bit more colourful - Ayelet Fishbach","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ENow Eskreis-Winkler and Fishbach have added to this literature by focusing on our reluctance to pay attention to failures – both our own and others – \u003Cem\u003Eafter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E they’ve happened. In their \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fuser\u002Fidentity\u002Flanding?code=vkwUjjQte_9iRHuJYIRAntajG-NxlE-QRexaOWF8&state=retryCounter%3D0%26csrfToken%3Df2103580-448a-464c-8245-fd3c983ec72a%26idpPolicy%3Durn%253Acom%253Aelsevier%253Aidp%253Apolicy%253Aproduct%253Ainst_assoc%26returnUrl%3D%252Fscience%252Farticle%252Fpii%252FS0749597818302747%253Fvia%25253Dihub%26uuid%3D5513d4a4-09bc-4542-b6f5-d0158642eb1c%26prompt%3Dnone%26cid%3Darp-fc848fb3-371a-43b2-ad4a-32b96eeec9b1\"\u003Erecent paper\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the researchers asked dozens of teachers to recall a specific time they’d been successful at work and a specific time that they’d failed. When they asked the teachers which story they’d choose to share to help other teachers, nearly 70% opted to share their success rather than their failure.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe same thing happened when they asked hundreds of online volunteers to think of times they’d succeeded at staying focused at work, and then of times they’d failed and become distracted. The majority were more reluctant to share their focusing failures than successes. The aversion to sharing failures remained true even when the researchers asked the volunteers to share with their ‘future selves’, suggesting there is more to this bias than wanting to make a good impression on strangers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EInformative failures\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEskreis-Winkler and Fishbach believe a key factor is that many of us simply don’t realise how informative failures can be. To test this experimentally, they created a stripped-down task designed to model real-life situations in which the key to success is avoiding mistakes. They wanted to see if volunteers would avoid sharing their failures even though they were more informative than their successes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the task, dozens of online volunteers opened two mystery boxes from an array of three, for the chance to win money. One box contained 20 cents, another 80 cents, while the last was a dud and would cost them a cent. Next, they had the opportunity to share information about one of the boxes they opened to help the next participant in the game. As an incentive, they were told this other player would soon have the chance to reciprocate by sharing information with them.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4xs0"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ECrucially, the researchers contrived things so that each volunteer always opened a losing box and the 20-cent box. This meant, objectively, that it was always more useful if volunteers shared their failure – that is, the location of the money-losing box – than their relative success, the 20-cent box. Sharing the failure would allow the next player to dodge it, while sharing their success would still risk the other player opening the losing box. Yet, Eskreis-Winkler and Fishbach found that, across several studies, between one third to half of the volunteers chose to share success over failure – even though sharing failure would have been more beneficial to the other player.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Not only is failure feedback more readily embraced, but it's also integrated in [the person’s] plans to reach the wish and to actually fulfil the wish - Gabriele Oettingen","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers uncovered more evidence for the way we overlook the value of failure in a follow-up quiz-style experiment, but this time they also found it was quite easy to remedy the bias. Online volunteers guessed the meaning of ancient symbols, choosing from two possible answers for each one. For one set, the researchers told the participants there wasn’t time to give them their results. For the other, the researchers told them they’d answered everything incorrectly. What’s particularly revealing is that when the researchers asked the volunteers which set they knew more about and could help other people with, 70% of them opted for the set for which they’d received no feedback, rather than the set for which they knew they’d failed so badly but which, due to the binary forced-choice format, they now effectively knew all the correct answers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs with the money-box task, the problem again seemed to be the volunteers’ ignorance of how informative failures can be. Then, when Eskreis-Winkler and Fishbach nudged another group of volunteers into appreciating that learning they’d got all the answers wrong meant that they now knew the correct answers, this increased their willingness to share their knowledge about the symbol set they’d failed on.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘Pay extra attention’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe new findings suggest many of us could benefit from simply being made more aware of the lessons hidden in our failures.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“In the wake of failure, ask, ‘What have I learned? How can I make this lesson useful in the future?’” advises Fishbach. She adds that it can be hard to learn from failures because they hurt your self-esteem, and you need to infer the correct answer or a more advantageous way of doing things. “So not only [do] you need to pay attention; you need to pay extra attention because it’s harder to learn from failure,” she says. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p08h4xdz"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt also helps to lay the groundwork earlier, before you even embark on your work project or personal goal. Oettingen’s research on mental contrasting, in which people are prompted to imagine having reached their goal and then to anticipate the obstacles on the way, has shown that performing this exercise at the outset encourages people to be more receptive to negative feedback later on.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Not only is failure feedback more readily embraced, but it's also integrated in [the person’s] plans to reach the wish and to actually fulfil the wish,” explains Oettingen. It’s as if anticipating the ways that things could go wrong makes us more receptive to learning from our errors and failures when they inevitably occur. “It's not only that they’ve kind of processed the information, but they’ve used that information in order to be more successful,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOf course, thinking about your errors and failures can be demotivating, especially if you are a perfectionist or feeling low in confidence. To face up to your mistakes and learn from them, it’s important not to be overly harsh on yourself.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThomas Webb, of the ‘ostrich effect’ phenomenon, is currently part of a team at Sheffield University researching this very issue, including working with organisations to look at ways to help people overcome failure through self-compassion. His team will be working with a gym, a parenting organisation and a journal publishing company – in the last case, helping reviewers of papers to overcome their common tendency to procrastinate. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The basic hypothesis is that many people are critical of themselves when they lapse or experience challenges,” Webb says, “but if they were able to respond with self-compassion, for example by recognising that failure is a natural part of being human, then it is possible to maintain motivation and efforts [in the face of failure] … part of this will be a cultural shift toward accepting apparent failure.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPositive trend?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWebb is right that there are broader cultural lessons here. While we quite rightly see failures as a negative, we have much to gain from a wider shift that reframes them not just as sources of shame or regret, but also as richly informative learning opportunities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESome industries in which safety is a number-one priority, such as aviation or space travel, already have this mentality – but, arguably, it’s an attitude that needs to be spread more widely.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are positive signs this is starting in some organisations. “I’m fascinated by a growing trend of companies holding ‘screw-up nights’ – the actual name is a bit more colourful,” says Fishbach. “They’re essentially consequence-free opportunities for employees to step up to the mic and talk about the mistakes they’ve made on the job.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt takes courage to admit when you got things wrong, but if more of us could do it, we would all benefit from the lessons learned.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.christianjarrett.com\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDr Christian Jarrett\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \u003Cem\u003Eis a senior editor at \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpsyche.co\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAeon+Psyche\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E. His next book, about personality change, will be published in 2021.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures-10"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The learning opportunities hiding in our failures","headlineShort":"The lessons hiding in our failures","image":["p08h4w5r"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200421-why-zoom-video-chats-are-so-exhausting","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200612-why-coronavirus-will-change-how-we-board-a-plane","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200611-how-anxiety-affects-your-focus"],"relatedTag":["tag\u002F20150401-psychology"],"summaryLong":"Failure is often seen as a source of shame. But if we studied and shared our failures, we could learn a lot from them.","summaryShort":"We can learn much from our mistakes – if we pay attention","tag":["tag\u002Fsuccess"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-06-16T20:05:36.563432Z","entity":"article","guid":"45684d1d-3931-4e64-acd3-008cab6d626a","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures","modifiedDateTime":"2020-06-17T09:35:50.087609Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200616-the-learning-opportunities-hiding-in-our-failures","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041133},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200121-why-procrastination-is-about-managing-emotions-not-time":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200121-why-procrastination-is-about-managing-emotions-not-time","_id":"5f31355683a9c060439cffd6","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fchristian-jarrett"],"bodyIntro":"Address the real reasons you procrastinate and you’re more likely to start achieving your goals.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EWith offices closed in nations around the world, many of us are grappling with how to stay productive and on task as we work from home. To help provide insight on how to manage this, BBC Worklife is updating some of our most popular productivity stories from our archive. First published 23 January 2020.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELike many writers, I’m a supreme expert at procrastination. When I ought to be working on an assignment, with the clock ticking towards my deadline, I’ll sit there watching pointless political interviews or boxing highlights on YouTube (cat videos aren’t my thing). At its worst I can almost begin to feel a little crazy – \u003Cem\u003Eyou need to be working, \u003C\u002Fem\u003EI say to myself\u003Cem\u003E, so what on Earth are you doing?\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAccording to traditional thinking – still espoused by university counselling centres around the world, such as the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdocuments.manchester.ac.uk\u002Fdisplay.aspx?DocID=8258\"\u003EUniversity of Manchester in the UK\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and the \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.rochester.edu\u002Fuhs\u002Fucc\u002Fself-help-and-online-screening-resources\u002Fprocrastination\u002F\"\u003EUniversity of Rochester in the US\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – I, along with my fellow procrastinators, have a time management problem. By this view, I haven’t fully appreciated how long my assignment is going to take and I’m not paying enough attention to how much time I’m currently wasting on ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170818-how-can-bosses-put-a-stop-to-workers-idly-browsing-online\"\u003Ecyberloafing\u003C\u002Fa\u003E’. With better scheduling and a better grip on time, so the logic goes, I will stop procrastinating and get on with my work.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIncreasingly, however, psychologists are realising this is wrong. Experts like Tim Pychyl at Carleton University in Canada and his collaborator Fuschia Sirois at the University of Sheffield in the UK have \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FB9780128028629000086\"\u003Eproposed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that procrastination is an issue with managing our emotions, not our time. The task we’re putting off is making us feel bad – perhaps it’s boring, too difficult or we’re worried about failing – and to make ourselves feel better in the moment, we start doing something else, like watching videos.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200121-why-procrastination-is-about-managing-emotions-not-time-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0810h7m"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200121-why-procrastination-is-about-managing-emotions-not-time-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis fresh perspective on procrastination is beginning to open up exciting new approaches to reducing the habit; it could even help you improve your own approach to work. “Self-change of any of sort is not a simple thing, and it typically follows the old adage of two steps forward and one step back,” says Pychyl. “All of this said, I am confident that anyone can learn to stop procrastinating.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EShort-term mood lifters\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne of the first \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpsycnet.apa.org\u002Frecord\u002F2000-14236-004\"\u003Einvestigations\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to inspire the emotional view of procrastination was published in the early 2000s by researchers at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio. They first prompted people to feel bad (by asking them to read sad stories) and showed that this increased their inclination to procrastinate by doing puzzles or playing video games instead of preparing for the intelligence test they knew was coming. Subsequent studies by the same team showed low mood only increases procrastination if enjoyable activities are available as a distraction, and only if people believe they can change their moods. One study used ‘mood-freezing candles’ to trick some volunteers into thinking their low mood was frozen and, in this case, they didn’t bother procrastinating.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe emotional regulation theory of procrastination makes intuitive sense. In my case, it’s not that I don’t realise how long my assignment will take (I \u003Cem\u003Eknow\u003C\u002Fem\u003E I need to be working on it right now) or that I haven’t scheduled enough time for my YouTube viewing – in fact, I don’t really even want to watch those videos, I’m just drawn to them as a way of avoiding the discomfort of knuckling down to work. In the psychologists’ jargon, I’m procrastinating to achieve a short-term positive ‘hedonic shift’, at the cost of my longer-term goals.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200121-why-procrastination-is-about-managing-emotions-not-time-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Procrastination – while effectively distracting in the short-term – can lead to guilt, which ultimately compounds the initial stress","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200121-why-procrastination-is-about-managing-emotions-not-time-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe emotional regulation view of procrastination also helps explain some strange modern phenomena, like the fad for watching online cat videos which have attracted billions of views on YouTube. A \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0747563215004343#b0250\"\u003Esurvey\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of thousands of people by Jessica Myrick at the Media School at Indiana University confirmed procrastination as a common motive for viewing the cat videos and that watching them led to a boost in positive mood. It’s not that people hadn’t adequately scheduled time for watching the videos; often they were only watching the clips to make themselves feel better when they should be doing something else less fun.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMyrick’s research also highlighted another emotional aspect to procrastination. Many of those surveyed felt guilty after watching the cat videos. This speaks to how procrastination is a misguided emotional regulation strategy. While it might bring short-term relief, it only stores up problems for later. In my own case, by delaying my work I just end up feeling even more stressed, not to mention the gathering clouds of guilt and frustration.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s perhaps little wonder that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10865-015-9629-2\"\u003Eresearch\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by Fuschia Sirois has shown chronic procrastination – that is, being inclined to procrastinate on a regular, long-term basis – is associated with a host of adverse mental and physical health consequences, including anxiety and depression, poor health such as colds and flu, and even more serious conditions like cardiovascular disease.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200121-why-procrastination-is-about-managing-emotions-not-time-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0810h5h"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200121-why-procrastination-is-about-managing-emotions-not-time-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESirois believes procrastination has these adverse consequences through two routes – first, it’s stressful to keep putting off important tasks and failing to fulfil your goals, and second, the procrastination often involves delaying important health behaviours, such as taking up exercise or visiting the doctor. “Over time high stress and poor health behaviours are well known to have a synergistic and cumulative effect on health that can increase risk for a number of serious and chronic health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, and even cancer,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAll of this means that overcoming procrastination could have a major positive impact on your life. Sirois says her research suggests that “decreasing a tendency to chronically procrastinate by one point [on a five-point procrastination scale] would also potentially mean that your risk for having poor heart health would reduce by 63%”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘Just get started’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn a positive note, if procrastination is an emotional regulation issue, this offers important clues for how to address it most effectively. An approach based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy or ‘ACT’, an off-shoot of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, seems especially apt. ACT teaches the benefits of ‘psychological flexibility’ – that is, being able to tolerate uncomfortable thoughts and feelings, staying in the present moment in spite of them, and prioritising choices and actions that help you get closer to what you most value in life.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERelevant here is cutting edge research that’s shown students who procrastinate more tend to score higher on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS221214471930016X#bib6\"\u003Epsychological \u003Cem\u003Ein\u003C\u002Fem\u003Eflexibility\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. That is, they’re dominated by their psychological reactions, like frustration and worry, at the expense of their life values; high scorers agree with statements like ‘I’m afraid of my feelings’ and ‘My painful experiences and memories make it difficult for me to live a life that I would value’. Those who procrastinate more also score lower on ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS2212144716300175#bib40\"\u003Ecommitted action\u003C\u002Fa\u003E’, which describes how much a person persists with actions and behaviours in pursuit of their goals. Low scorers tend to agree with statements like ‘If I feel distressed or discouraged, I let my commitments slide’.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200121-why-procrastination-is-about-managing-emotions-not-time-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Research shows that once the first step is made towards a task, following through becomes easier","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200121-why-procrastination-is-about-managing-emotions-not-time-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EACT trains people both to increase their psychological flexibility (for example, through mindfulness) and their committed action (for example, by finding creative ways to pursue goals that serve their values – what matters most to them in life), and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.sagepub.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1177\u002F1049731515577890\"\u003Epreliminary\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1080\u002F07448481.2018.1484361\"\u003Eresearch\u003C\u002Fa\u003E  involving students has been promising, with ACT proving more effective than CBT in one trial over the longer-term.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOf course, most of us probably won’t have the option of signing up to an ACT course any time soon – and in any case we’re bound to keep putting off looking for one – so how can we go about applying these principles today? “When someone finally recognises that procrastination isn’t a time management problem but is instead an emotion regulation problem, then they are ready to embrace my favourite tip,” says Pychyl.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe next time you’re tempted to procrastinate, “make your focus as simple as ‘What’s the next action – a simple next step – I would take on this task if I were to get started on it now?’”. Doing this, he says, takes your mind off your feelings and onto easily achievable action. “Our research and lived experience show very clearly that once we get started, we’re typically able to keep going. Getting started is everything.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.christianjarrett.com\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDr Christian Jarrett\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003Eis a senior editor at Aeon magazine. His next book, about personality change, will be published in 2021.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200121-why-procrastination-is-about-managing-emotions-not-time-8"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-05-14T17:56:03Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Why procrastination is about managing emotions, not time","headlineShort":"The real reason you procrastinate","image":["p0810h81"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Address the real reasons you procrastinate and you’re more likely to start achieving your goals.","summaryShort":"Learn to stop procrastinating by finding your emotional centre","tag":["tag\u002Fproductivity"],"creationDateTime":"2020-01-22T21:04:16.367776Z","entity":"article","guid":"1433c94c-8015-40cb-8c0b-3343ef801e1b","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200121-why-procrastination-is-about-managing-emotions-not-time","modifiedDateTime":"2020-05-15T02:25:35.633733Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200121-why-procrastination-is-about-managing-emotions-not-time","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041135},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200311-the-city-where-you-pay-a-years-rent-up-front":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200311-the-city-where-you-pay-a-years-rent-up-front","_id":"5f31355783a9c060439d0a9b","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fayodele-johnson"],"bodyIntro":"","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt took fashion designer Folayemi Alade four months to find an apartment to rent in Nigeria’s huge commercial capital, Lagos. The flat, reasonably spacious, is in the in-demand Mainland District. It’s close to the 30-year-old’s work and has good transport links via a major highway.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut Alade had to pay a steep price to secure her home: she paid a full year’s rent up front before moving in. “I was told to pay the full year’s rent and two years’ [contract] agreement and commission fees. I paid approximately $2,000 [including] security [and] water treatment,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShe’s not alone. Lagos is currently home to 22 million people, most of whom are renters who have travelled from different parts of Nigeria to find jobs. Many work in the financial services, technology and fashion sectors, and all face similar struggles – the high cost of living and a pricey rental market.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOnce people have paid a year’s rent and fees up front, some have no money left. “Everyone becomes broke after paying for the first year's rent,” says Alade, who earns $2,700 a year.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘Psychologically draining’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe government currently allows landlords to collect rent up to 12 months in advance but bans them from exceeding the one-year mark. The law – changed in 2011 – is a hurried repair; before, many landlords asked for two years’ rent before handing over the keys.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn Lagos Island, many professionals struggle with the cost of living close to their workplace – something that is a huge advantage in this gridlocked city. Professionals in the high net income bracket find it easier to afford the expensive letting fees, but new starters and mid-level employees find themselves priced out of accommodation in coastal districts where multinationals and tech start-ups are based.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200311-the-city-where-you-pay-a-years-rent-up-front-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p086c7vr"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200311-the-city-where-you-pay-a-years-rent-up-front-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EDavid Bankole Abel, a 30-year-old game developer, spent two years sleeping at his office in Lekki Peninsula, an eastern suburb of Lagos, while he scraped together money to rent his own place. “It was the most challenging time of my life because I had to wrestle all forms of mosquitoes and to be sincere, it was psychologically draining,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe’s finally managed to rent a “boys’ quarter”, a tiny living space that is an extension of a large private house or block of flats, usually inside a compound, that is generally used to accommodate domestic staff.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor an 18-square-metre space, Abel had to pay $827 in rent for the year plus agency charges of $275. He didn’t buy any new clothes for months, yet struggled to save partly due to high food costs, because the local council has banned the roadside sheds that serve cheap meals.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I couldn’t understand the idea behind an area that pay its workers so little and expects one to use from [the amount] to buy food from [expensive restaurants],” he says. “If I don’t have to pay too much for rent, maybe what I’m paid at my job won’t be that bad. We shouldn’t have a poor salary base and expensive houses to live in — these don't go together.”  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200311-the-city-where-you-pay-a-years-rent-up-front-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p086c7zl"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200311-the-city-where-you-pay-a-years-rent-up-front-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘Extortion’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPart of the problem is Nigeria’s population growth combined with rapid urbanisation: in over a decade, the urban population has grown by 50%. Nationally, the population is expected to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.census.gov\u002Fpopclock\u002Fworld\u002Fni?\"\u003Ealmost double by 2050\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, adding nearly 200 million more residents.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELagos, which \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F290460837_Urbanization_housing_homelessness_and_climate_change_adaptation_in_Lagos_Nigeria_Lessons_from_Asia\"\u003Eattained mega-city status in 2010\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, is already bursting at the seams. Flooding has driven people out of vulnerable coastal neighbourhoods, meaning prices have soared in other in-demand districts. More houses are being constructed, but investors are fixated on building luxury homes affordable to few.    \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENeedless to say, rental struggles have sparked conversations among young people about how to fix the problem. Many properties available for rent are flats that don’t work for singletons, who are looking for smaller spaces. And in general, people are frustrated by what they see as excessive fees that estate agents charge.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think the agent system is extortion,” says Abiola Abajo, a 29-year-old project manager who rents in Lagos. “I see no reason why there cannot be an e-commerce platform where landlords can meet their potential tenants.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGender inequality has also been an issue for her: many landlords don’t want to rent to single women because of entrenched conservatism. And she says the absence of caps on rent has helped landlords and agents to get away with sudden price rises. “The agents have moved the [fee for monthly] commission and [contract] agreement from 10% to 20%, meaning that an apartment of $1,400 [for a year] is now $2,000.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEstate agent Sunday Aina, 41, says landlords won’t consider monthly rental because many have enormous loan commitments which they need to pay off fast. Many are also capitalising on the high level of demand for housing, he says. He believes government-regulated rent caps – standardised pricing for different parts of the city – would help solve the problem. He also acknowledges that estate agency charges “are too much”, and that service fees should be lowered. He thinks 5% of the rent would be a good level, as opposed to the current standard of 10%.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBetter transport, more sharing\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe government is hoping that transport upgrades that will allow workers to live further from the city centre will help ease the rental crunch. Project engineers are under pressure to meet a deadline to build rail tracks for the federal train service that will link three states in southwest Nigeria, including Lagos. When built, the hope is that more young workers will live in remote areas.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWaterways have attracted private investors, too. Uber, for example, has carried out \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.reuters.com\u002Farticle\u002Fus-uber-nigeria\u002Fuber-launches-boat-service-in-nigerias-megacity-lagos-idUSKBN1WQ1GB\"\u003Epilot trials of a boat service\u003C\u002Fa\u003E aimed at commuters in partnership with the state government that seeks to connect residents and businesses faster to their destinations. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWasiu Akewusola, permanent secretary of the housing department, has also suggested employers can lighten the load by remitting housing allowances to their staff annually instead of as a monthly payment, to help them cope with upfront expenses. It’s not clear how realistic this is. Companies are not likely to explore this idea because it is only possible when they are sure that their staff will remain for the whole year.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200311-the-city-where-you-pay-a-years-rent-up-front-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p086c8dz"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200311-the-city-where-you-pay-a-years-rent-up-front-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile Akintola Adesanmi, 31, and Dolapo Adebayo, 28, have founded Spleet, a start-up offering shared accommodation to young workers. Tenants can pay monthly or quarterly for rooms in city apartments, with utility bills included.  A monthly payment of $267 covers rent, service charge, repairs, a minimum of 15 hours’ supply of power and weekly sanitation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“This allows just about anybody looking for a space to pay as they earn: [the] majority of the demography in Lagos and all over Nigeria earn monthly or daily, as opposed to the yearly rental system that currently exists,” Adesanmi says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESatisfying the demand for affordable homes close to workplaces has involved breaking some norms. Sometimes, female tenants are unsure about sharing spaces with men. Spleet reassures them by explaining how it vets customers and the information (like family address, bank details and national ID number) it holds on them. Most of the time, clients are aware of their rental model and put up no resistance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAdesanmi feels the government needs to incentivise developers to “create more one- and two-bedroom units for the new generation of millennial home seekers”. Yet for the moment, as people continue to pour into Lagos, landlords hold all the power.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlade, who scraped her first year’s rent together by combining a side gig with her full-time designer job, says moving to monthly or even six-monthly payments would be much better for young workers. But until that happens, a tough savings regime will be the reality for many in Lagos.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200311-the-city-where-you-pay-a-years-rent-up-front-6"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-03-12T15:27:42Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The city where you pay a year's rent up front","headlineShort":"Paying a year's rent before move-in","image":["p086c892"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Some workers searching for a home in Lagos are required to pay an entire year’s rent before they can move in. For many, affording a flat means sacrificing their way of life.","summaryShort":"Where workers sleep at the office to afford their rent","tag":["tag\u002Fhousing"],"creationDateTime":"2020-03-11T21:15:14.468324Z","entity":"article","guid":"3032a5ce-3071-435a-82ce-ebca57ed4069","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200311-the-city-where-you-pay-a-years-rent-up-front","modifiedDateTime":"2020-03-11T21:15:14.468324Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200311-the-city-where-you-pay-a-years-rent-up-front","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041135},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200217-the-simple-maths-error-that-can-lead-to-bankruptcy":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200217-the-simple-maths-error-that-can-lead-to-bankruptcy","_id":"5f31355783a9c060439d062c","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fdavid-robson"],"bodyIntro":"The “gambler’s fallacy” - which can affect everyone from athletes to loan officers - creates deceptive biases that lead you to anticipate patterns that don’t really exist.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFifteen years ago, the people of Italy experienced a strange kind of mass hysteria known as “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcodacons.it\u002Fla-febbre-per-il-53-sulla-ruota-di-venezia-non-si-placa\u002F\"\u003E53 fever\u003C\u002Fa\u003E”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lagazzettadelmezzogiorno.it\u002Fnews\u002Fitalia\u002F29026\u002Flotto-uscito-il-53-a-venezia.html\"\u003Emadness centred on the country’s lottery\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Players can choose between 11 different wheels, based in cities such as Bari, Naples or Venice. Once you have picked which wheels to play, you can then bet on a selection of numbers between 1 and 90. Your winnings depend on how much you initially bet, how many numbers you picked and how many you got right.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESometime in 2003, however, the number 53 simply stopped coming up on the Venice wheel – leading punters to place increasingly big bets on the number in the certainty that it must soon make a reappearance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy early 2005, 53 fever had apparently \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.repubblica.it\u002F2005\u002Fa\u002Fsezioni\u002Fcronaca\u002Flotto\u002Fno53\u002Fno53.html\"\u003Eled thousands to their financial ruin\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the pain of which resulted in a spate of suicides. The hysteria only died away when it finally came up in the 9 February draw, after 182 no-shows and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.repubblica.it\u002F2005\u002Fa\u002Fsezioni\u002Fcronaca\u002Flotto\u002Fritardancora\u002Fritardancora.html\"\u003Efour billion euros worth of bets\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile it may have appeared like a kind of madness, the victims had been led astray by a reasoning flaw called the “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fworld\u002F2005\u002Ffeb\u002F11\u002Fitaly.sophiearie\"\u003Egambler’s fallacy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E” – a worryingly common error that can derail many of our professional decisions, from a goalkeeper’s responses to penalty shootouts in football to stock market investments and even judicial rulings on new asylum cases.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200217-the-simple-maths-error-that-can-lead-to-bankruptcy-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p083py0l"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200217-the-simple-maths-error-that-can-lead-to-bankruptcy-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ETo find out if you fall for the gambler’s fallacy, imagine you are tossing a (fair) coin and you get the following sequence: Heads, Heads, Tails, Tails, Tails, Tails, Tails, Tails, Tails, Tails, Tails, Tails. What’s the chance you will now get a heads?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMany people believe the odds change so that the sequence must somehow even out, increasing the chance of a heads on the subsequent goes. Somehow, it just feels \u003Cem\u003Einevitable\u003C\u002Fem\u003E that a heads will come next. But basic probability theory tells us that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIndependence_(probability_theory)\"\u003Ethe events are statistically independent\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, meaning the odds are exactly the same on each flip. The chance of a heads is still 50% even if you’ve had 500 or 5,000 tails all in a row.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the same reason, HTHTTH is just as likely as HHHHHH. Once again, however, many disagree and think that the mixed sequence is somehow more probable than the streak.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs its name suggests, the gambler’s fallacy has been of most interest to researchers studying games of chance. Indeed, it is sometimes known as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fio9.gizmodo.com\u002Fthe-night-the-gamblers-fallacy-lost-people-millions-1496890660\"\u003EMonte Carlo Fallacy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, after a notorious event at one of Monaco’s roulette tables in 1913, with 26 blacks in a row. Observational studies – using casino security footage – have confirmed that it \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11166-005-1153-2\"\u003Econtinues to influence bets today\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESurprisingly, education and intelligence do not protect us against the bias. Indeed, one study by Chinese and American researchers found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3465297\u002F\"\u003Epeople with higher IQs are actually more susceptible to the gambler’s fallacy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E than people who score less well on standardised tests. It could be that the more intelligent people overthink the patterns and believe that they are smart enough to predict what comes next.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200217-the-simple-maths-error-that-can-lead-to-bankruptcy-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Bank loan officers were up to 8% more likely to reject an application after they had accepted two or more in a row","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200217-the-simple-maths-error-that-can-lead-to-bankruptcy-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhatever the reason for these false intuitions, subsequent research has revealed that gambler’s fallacy can have serious consequences far beyond the casino. The bias appears to be \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fabs\u002Fpii\u002FS0165176519304471\"\u003Epresent in stock market trading\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, for instance. Many short-term changes in stock price are essentially random fluctuations, and Matthias Pelster at Paderborn University in Germany has shown that investors will base their decisions on the belief that the prices will soon “even out”. So, like Italy’s lottery players, they trade against a streak. “Investors should, on average, trade equally ‘in line’ with the streak and against it,” he says. “Yet that is not what we can see in the data.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe gambler’s fallacy is a particular problem in the very professions that specifically require an even, unbiased judgement.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne team of researchers recently analysed \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fqje\u002Farticle\u002F131\u002F3\u002F1181\u002F2590011\"\u003EUS judges’ decisions on whether or not to grant asylum to refugees\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Logically speaking, the ordering of the cases should not matter. But in line with the gambler’s fallacy, the team found that the judges were up to 5.5% less likely to grant a case if they had granted the two previous cases – a serious decline from the average acceptance rate of 29%. Consciously or not, they seemed to think that the chances of having the same judgement three times in a row was just too small, and so they were more inclined to break the streak.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers next analysed bank staff considering loan applications. Once again, the order of the applications made a difference: the loan officers were up to 8% more likely to reject an application after they had already accepted two or more in a row – and vice versa.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs a final test, the team analysed umpires’ decisions in Major League Baseball games. In this case, the umpires were about 1.5% less likely to call a pitch a strike if the previous pitch was also called a strike – a small but significant bias that could make all the difference in a game. Kelly Shue, one the co-authors of the study, says that she was initially surprised at the results. “Because these are professionals and they're making decisions as part of their primary occupation,” she says. But they were still vulnerable to the bias.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200217-the-simple-maths-error-that-can-lead-to-bankruptcy-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p083pwvj"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200217-the-simple-maths-error-that-can-lead-to-bankruptcy-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFootball players might pay particular attention to the gambler’s fallacy. In a penalty shootout, it takes between 0.2 and 0.3 seconds for the ball to hit the goal. “The goalkeeper must [therefore] decide whether to jump to one of the sides or to stay in the goal's centre more or less at the same time that the kicker chooses how to kick,” Simcha Avugos at Ben-Gurion University in Israel explains. This means that the decision of where to dive is essentially a gamble.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWould they, like the judges, loan officers and baseball umpires, “bet” against a streak? Avugos’s team recently \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fjournal.sjdm.org\u002F18\u002F18220\u002Fjdm18220.pdf\"\u003Eanalysed shootouts at events such as the FIFA World Cup and the UK’s Champions League\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – and that is indeed what they found. Given these results, the team argue that footballers could exploit this tendency by continuing to shoot in the same direction during a penalty shootout.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMost jobs may feel a world away from these high-stakes situations, but Shue believes that the gambler’s fallacy will be prevalent in many other careers – even when we don’t realise we’re making unconscious probabilistic judgements. She gives the example of employee recruitment. If the interviewers have already seen one good candidate, they might not expect another exceptional individual. “And then I’d be more likely to give a harsh rating to the next person.” The same goes for teachers grading essays, she says. Similarly, if you were a publisher considering new novels, you might \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fentertainment-arts-35899243\"\u003Ereject the next JK Rowling\u003C\u002Fa\u003E based solely on the fact that you have recently commissioned a couple of other stellar manuscripts.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhatever your profession, you’d do well to remember Italy’s “53 fever” and the chaos that ensued. Occasional streaks can and do occur in any kind of sequence – and we’d all be more rational if we accepted that our intuition about chance is often wildly off the mark.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDavid Robson is the author of \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.davidrobson.me\u002Fthe-intelligence-trap\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe Intelligence Trap: Why Smart People Do Dumb Things\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, which examines our most common thinking errors and the ways to correct them.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200217-the-simple-maths-error-that-can-lead-to-bankruptcy-6"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-02-17T18:17:26.578Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The simple maths error that can lead to bankruptcy","headlineShort":"The basic maths error that creates ruin","image":["p083py01"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"The “gambler’s fallacy” - which can affect everyone from athletes to loan officers - creates deceptive biases that lead you to anticipate patterns that don’t really exist.","summaryShort":"The fallacy leads to financial loss, sports failure and miscarriages of justice","tag":["tag\u002Fpsychology"],"creationDateTime":"2020-02-17T21:09:33.983442Z","entity":"article","guid":"6e423d74-52f5-4392-a573-d80496522c12","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200217-the-simple-maths-error-that-can-lead-to-bankruptcy","modifiedDateTime":"2020-02-17T21:22:10.315695Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200217-the-simple-maths-error-that-can-lead-to-bankruptcy","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041136},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so","_id":"5f31355583a9c060439cf7de","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fmaddy-savage"],"bodyIntro":"More than half a decade since dating apps went mainstream, can millennials who’ve lost patience with digital platforms still find love in the analogue world?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThey’ve facilitated \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.businessofapps.com\u002Fdata\u002Ftinder-statistics\u002F\"\u003Ebillions of dates\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and helped pave the way for marriage, children and everything in between. It’s old news that dating apps and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnews.stanford.edu\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F21\u002Fonline-dating-popular-way-u-s-couples-meet\u002F\"\u003Eonline platforms are now the most common way for prospective partners to meet\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the US and have become popular around the world. But for many of those who’ve tried and failed to find true love through their devices, the novelty is long gone.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I've met great people that later became friends and had a handful of extended flings, but never a long-term relationship,” says writer Madeleine Dore, a 30-year-old from Melbourne who’s also dated in New York and Copenhagen. She’s used apps including Tinder, Bumble and OkCupid over the last five years and describes the dates she’s been on as ranging from experiences “that feel like a scene in a rom-com” to “absolute disasters”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMany of her friends have met their partners online, and this knowledge has encouraged her to keep persevering. But, when “conversations unexpectedly fizzle, sparks don’t translate in person [and] dates are cancelled”, she typically ends up disenchanted and temporarily deletes her apps for a couple of months.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s a pattern many long-term singles will be familiar with, with other complaints about the app-based dating experience ranging from a lack of matches to too many matches, misleading profiles, safety concerns, racist comments and unwanted explicit content. Not to mention a host of digital behaviours so confusing we’ve had to make up new words for them, from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fbbcthree\u002Farticle\u002F8005c989-3226-435b-b87c-da5ece40fad3\"\u003Eghosting\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fav\u002Fuk-england-46795876\u002Fcatfishing-what-happens-when-someone-steals-your-identity\"\u003Ecatfishing\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fbbcthree\u002Farticle\u002F63ca22ff-b580-4fe7-8796-b44edb9bf245\"\u003Epigging\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fbbcthree\u002Farticle\u002Fe98e8f01-c01b-445d-8a67-2ed3228b540f\"\u003Eorbiting\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile almost half of adults under 35 living in the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fd25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net\u002Fcumulus_uploads\u002Fdocument\u002F9k0aj3nk2y\u002FCopy%20of%20Results%20for%20YouGov%20Omnibus%20(Dating%20Apps)%20027%2030.1.2019.xlsx%20%20%5BGroup%5D.pdf\"\u003EUS\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fyougov.co.uk\u002Fopi\u002Fsurveys\u002Fresults#\u002Fsurvey\u002F2a11d3c0-cf55-11e6-947e-eebe41e67c16\u002Fquestion\u002F5c8cf410-cf55-11e6-947e-eebe41e67c16\u002Fregion\"\u003EUK\u003C\u002Fa\u003E have tried some form of digital dating, and the multibillion-dollar industry \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ibisworld.com\u002Funited-states\u002Fmarket-research-reports\u002Fdating-services-industry\u002F\"\u003Eincreased by 11%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in North America between 2014 and the start of 2019, there are growing signs that many would rather not be using these methods. A \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fnewsbeat-45007017\"\u003EBBC survey\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in 2018 found that dating apps are the least preferred way for 16- to 34-year-old Britons to meet someone new.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07wqbh8"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Bumble screen","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAcademics are also paying increased attention to the downsides of digital romance. A study in the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.sagepub.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1177\u002F0265407519861153?journalCode=spra\"\u003EJournal of Social and Personal Relationships\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in September concluded that compulsive app users can end up feeling lonelier than they did in the first place. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubsonline.informs.org\u002Fdoi\u002Fpdf\u002F10.1287\u002Fmnsc.2017.2797\"\u003EManagement Science\u003C\u002Fa\u003E published a study on online dating in 2017 which highlighted the paradox of choice, noting that “increasing the number of potential matches has a positive effect due to larger choice, but also a negative effect due to competition between agents on the same side.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“You need a lot of swipes to get a match, a lot of matches to get a number, a lot of numbers to get a date and a lot of dates to get a third date,” explains Scott Harvey, editor of Global Dating Insights, the online dating industry’s trade news publication.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"You need a lot of swipes to get a match, a lot of matches to get a number, a lot of numbers to get a date and a lot of dates to get a third date – Scott Harvey","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Trying to find a partner in this way is extremely labour-intensive and can be quite exasperating,” he says, adding that those working in the sector are highly aware that many consumers are no longer “completely enamoured” by apps like Tinder and Bumble.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile Julie Beck, a staff writer for The Atlantic, made waves with an article addressing \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theatlantic.com\u002Fhealth\u002Farchive\u002F2016\u002F10\u002Fthe-unbearable-exhaustion-of-dating-apps\u002F505184\u002F\"\u003Ethe rise of dating app fatigue\u003C\u002Fa\u003E three years ago, 2019 stands out as the moment that deeper discussions about the downsides of dating apps and debates about the feasibility of going without them went mainstream. Millennial media from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.glamourmagazine.co.uk\u002Farticle\u002Fcan-a-millennial-date-in-real-life\"\u003EGlamour\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vice.com\u002Fen_uk\u002Farticle\u002Fvb5y83\u002Fquit-dating-apps-how-to-meet-people\"\u003EVice\u003C\u002Fa\u003E truly began shifting their focus, US dating coach Camille Virginia released an advice book called \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.com\u002FOffline-Dating-Method-Attract-Great\u002Fdp\u002F194878792X\"\u003EThe Offline Dating Method\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for those seeking to rid themselves of apps, and British broadcaster Verity Geere revealed how she went on a complete \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.co.uk\u002FMan-Detox-Verity-Geere\u002Fdp\u002F1913094065\"\u003Edetox from sex and relationships\u003C\u002Fa\u003E after what she describes as eight years as an online “dating junkie” that failed to score her a long-term partner. Meanwhile research analytics firm eMarketer predicted a slowdown in user growth for mainstream online platforms, with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.businessinsider.com\u002Fdating-app-usage-growth-slowing-tinder-match-bumble-analysts-say-2019-6?r=US&IR=T\"\u003Emore users switching between apps than new people entering the market\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDating in the wild\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKamila Saramak, 30, a medical doctor living in the Polish capital, Warsaw, is among those who’ve taken the decision to go cold turkey and focus on dating offline.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESeveral months after splitting up with her partner of two years, she says she was “pretty much playing with Tinder every day,” swiping through profiles each morning and messaging matches while she had her breakfast. But after six months she realised it was impacting on her mental health.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I was writing to them, I was meeting with them and then they just disappeared,” she says of many of her matches. “I was very lonely at that time…and it made me feel like I was worse than other people.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07wqc62"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Kamila Saramak","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFor others, deleting the apps has been more about winning time back in their lives for other activities rather than a reaction to painful experiences.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Most of the time, the girls didn't look like the pictures...and the conversation was unfortunately, most of the time absolutely uninteresting,” says Leo Pierrard, 28, a French journalist living in Berlin. He stopped using dating apps for 18 months, before meeting his current partner on a trip to Paris.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think, definitely people are getting tired of it,” agrees Linda Jonsson, a 27-year-old gym instructor from Stockholm. She says she used Tinder for two years and had a nine-month relationship with one person she met on the app, but deleted it for the foreseeable future earlier this year and remains single.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn her friendship circle, “good first dates” that don’t lead to anything more serious are the most frequent irritation, which can, she says, feel like a waste of effort.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It was really fine for a couple of years just to try it out and see what happens. But more and more of my friends are actually just deleting them and going out the old-fashioned way just to find people.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile meeting an unattached millennial who has never used a dating app is like searching for a needle in a haystack, but they do exist.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07wqc7x"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Linda Jonsson","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMatt Franzetti, 30, who is originally from Milan and works for a non-profit organisation in Transylvania, Romania, says he is put off by the idea of having to sell himself using photos and pithy profile texts.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"You have to be very good about describing yourself to look very interesting – Matt Franzetti","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“You have to be very good about describing yourself to look very interesting,” he argues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe has met some women after having “deeper conversations” at parties or through blogging about his interests, which include rock music and art, but his dating history is limited and he is “usually single”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAgainst the odds?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo what is the likelihood of finding a long-term partner in the analogue world, especially for a cohort that has grown up glued to smartphones and with far more limited traditional interactions with strangers compared to previous generations? We shop online, order transportation and food online and chat with friends online. Do most of us even know how to approach people we fancy in public these days?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMatt Lundquist, a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftribecatherapy.com\u002Four-therapists\u002Fabout\u002F\"\u003Erelationship therapist\u003C\u002Fa\u003E based in New York says that many of his single patients have grown so used to meeting hookups or partners online that they end up ignoring potential matches elsewhere.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“When people are going out, going to a party, to a bar, often they are actually not at all thinking about dating,” he says. This means that even if they end up having an interesting conversation with someone they would have swiped right on “it’s just not where their brain is”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The clarity of a match online has perhaps made us more timid in real life meetings,” agrees Melbourne-based singleton Madeleine Dore. “Without a ‘swipe yes’ or ‘swipe no’ function, we risk putting our feelings out there to be rejected in full view. Better to open the app and endlessly swipe, blissfully unaware of who swiped you away.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07wqccq"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Matt Franzetti","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAmbivalence to relationships\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELundquist reflects that the rise of app-based dating coincided with a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ft.com\u002Fcontent\u002Fbe9779b6-bfcb-11e7-823b-ed31693349d3\"\u003Edecline in social spaces\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in which people used to find potential sexual partners and dates. Gay bars are closing at a rapid rate in around the world, including in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nbcnews.com\u002Ffeature\u002Fnbc-out\u002Fmore-half-london-s-gay-pubs-clubs-have-closed-last-n780601\"\u003ELondon\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.stockholmdirekt.se\u002Fnyheter\u002Fnu-stanger-innerstans-sista-gayklubb\u002Frepshp!zsjKb5TKb4XKbEdjtmx@g\u002F\"\u003EStockholm\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eater.com\u002F2018\u002F1\u002F23\u002F16923380\u002Fgay-bars-disappearing-zach-stafford\"\u003Eacross the US\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Half of the UK’s nightclubs shut their doors between 2005 and 2015 according to research for the \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnewsbeat\u002Farticle\u002F33713015\u002Fuk-nightclubs-closing-at-alarming-rate-industry-figures-suggest\"\u003EBBC’s Newsbeat programme\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe current climate around sexual harassment in the workplace in the wake of the #MeToo movement may even be putting off colleagues from embarking on traditional office romances. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vault.com\u002Fblogs\u002Fworkplace-issues\u002F2018-vault-office-romance-survey-results\"\u003ESome studies\u003C\u002Fa\u003E suggest fewer workers are dating one another compared to a decade ago and a greater tendency for employees to feel uncomfortable with the idea of colleagues having a workplace relationship.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The current climate around sexual harassment in the workplace in the wake of the #MeToo movement may even be putting off colleagues from embarking on traditional office romances.","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFor Lundquist, anyone refusing to use dating apps is therefore “dramatically reducing” their odds of meeting someone, since they remain the most normalised way to meet people. “I think that apps are complicated and suck in lots of very legitimate ways. But that's what's happening. That is where people are dating.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe argues that meeting romantic partners has always been challenging and that it’s important to remember that online platforms first came on the market as a way to help those who were struggling. For many of his patients, the decision to turn off dating platforms, blame them for a lack of dating success, or conversely use them too frequently, can therefore often reflect a more general ambivalence to relationships based on human behaviours and feelings that have actually “been around for millennia”. These might range from previous relationship traumas triggered by former partners or during childhood, to body hang-ups or conflicts around sexual identity, monogamy and confidence.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07wqcdd"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"#MeToo protests","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHe advises those who are committed to dating, to improve the process of using apps by making it “more social”, for example sharing profiles with friends, brainstorming ideas about where to go on dates and deciding when to have conversations about exclusivity.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“One of the paths to which people find their way to misery in this domain is that they are doing it in a much too isolated way,” says Lundquist. The process will, however, take time and dedication, he argues, suggesting that “if you’re not engaged daily, the odds of it working I think are close to zero.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDamona Hoffman, an LA-based dating coach and host of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdamonahoffman.com\u002Fdates-mates-podcast\u002F\"\u003Ethe Dates & Mates podcast\u003C\u002Fa\u003E agrees that a dating app is “the most powerful tool in your dating tool box” but is more optimistic about analogue options.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I completely disagree with the feeling that if you're not online, you don't have a prayer of meeting someone today. But I do think dating today requires a level of intention that I see a lot of millennials lacking,” she argues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I do think dating today requires a level of intention that I see a lot of millennials lacking – Damona Hoffman","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHer tips include dedicating around five hours a week to chat to potential matches or meet people in real life, being more conscious about the kind of person you are looking for, and actively searching for relevant spaces where you can approach potential dates directly.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“If you're looking for someone that has a professional career, you might want to go downtown at happy hour and make sure that you're talking to people that work in those office buildings, or if you're looking for someone who has a big heart, you go to charity events and places where you're going to meet people who make philanthropy a part of their lifestyle.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor those with significant money to spare, hiring a dating coach is another option she recommends (her services cost a minimum of $1,000 a month) or even paying for matchmaking services. This seemingly outdated concept is enjoying a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww3.bostonglobe.com\u002Fmetro\u002F2018\u002F03\u002F19\u002Fwhen-tinder-and-cupid-fail-matchmakers-find-their-niche\u002FUN0LBQvYW9pSaWbG2axCEI\u002Fstory.html?et_rid=26678096&s_campaign=todaysheadlines:newsletter&arc404=true\"\u003Eresurgence among wealthy, time-poor professionals in some US cities\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, while \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.va.se\u002Fnyheter\u002F2019\u002F02\u002F22\u002Fdags-att-sluta-svajpa-vanster-och-testa-slowdating-istallet-insights\u002F\"\u003ESweden’s first personal matchmaking agency\u003C\u002Fa\u003E launched just three years ago and has a growing client base across Europe.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07wqbkm"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Damona Hoffman","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-19"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHowever, Hoffman sympathises with the feeling of dating fatigue and says that anyone who feels at the point of burnout should take a short break, “because then you're bringing the wrong energy into dating”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat’s next for dating?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen it comes to the future of dating, Scott Harvey, editor of Global Dating Insights, says that artificial intelligence and video are the “two main talking points in the industry” right now.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fm\u002F2019\u002F11\u002F21\u002Ffacebook-dating-now-integrates-with-instagram-and-facebook-stories\u002F\"\u003EFacebook’s new dating product\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, an opt-in feature of the main Facebook app, which has \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fprogrammes\u002Fp07rtzfh\"\u003Elaunched in the US and 20 other countries\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and is scheduled to go live in Europe next year, includes the option for users to share video or photo based Stories from their main feeds to potential dates, cutting down on the effort of creating curated content for separate dating platforms. Since Facebook already knows so much about us, it will, Harvey argues, end up with an “unparalleled insight” into which kinds of matches end in relationships, marriage or divorce, which can be used to inform future matching algorithms.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn terms of video, he says dating app companies also want to test “whether people can get a feel for in-person chemistry by chatting face-to-face” using video chat functions and “whether people will actually go to the trouble of having short video dates on a Sunday afternoon or Tuesday evening” as a way of avoiding lacklustre real life encounters.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile industry analysts and coaches including both Scott Harvey and Damona Hoffman also point to a resurgence in offline singles events on both sides of the Atlantic, whether run by larger online dating companies seeking to find new ways of connecting existing pools of singles who are tired of swiping, or newer players looking to capitalise on current debates about the challenges of dating in today’s digital era.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We saw this huge demand for authentic connection and genuine meetings and how difficult it is to create this on your own,” says Philip Jonzon Jarl, co-founder of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Frelate-app.com\u002F\"\u003ERelate\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a Scandinavian dating and relationships start-up which organises singles parties, matching guests with a handful of attendees based on their values.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-20"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07wqcg0"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Relate meeting","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-21"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThey still need an app for the process, but Jonzon Jarl views it as “a tool for a deeper conversation” that is typically lacking at speed-dating events or mingles for singles. His longer-term vision is for “dating meets personal development”, with couples who connect via the platform able to unlock tips and tools to aid them as their relationship develops, in part, to help them avoid the temptation to jump too quickly back into the online dating pool if things don’t immediately run smoothly.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETherapist Matt Lundquist is sceptical about how much of an impact new methods like these will have and suggests that it would be “rather remarkable” if someone created a silver bullet to dispense with the “challenging” behaviours that have become routinised in modern day dating, such as ghosting and a lack of transparency.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever he believes it’s a positive step that some singles event organisers are at least trying to make our experience of forming new relationships “less routine and anonymous” and attempting to create more “opportunities for a real connection” between people.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think the world needs that really badly, not just the realm of dating.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so-22"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-12-03T20:58:12.52Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Should I delete Tinder? These millennials think so","headlineShort":"Can you get a date without an app?","image":["p07wqc7x"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Ftechnology"],"summaryLong":"More than half a decade since dating apps went mainstream, can millennials who’ve lost patience with digital platforms still find love in the analogue world?","summaryShort":"Can millennials fed up with digital dating find love the old-fashioned way?","tag":["tag\u002Ftechnology"],"creationDateTime":"2019-12-03T21:01:23.011314Z","entity":"article","guid":"ea92a4f4-5a58-45aa-9259-698c7792cd61","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so","modifiedDateTime":"2019-12-04T17:37:07.532015Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20191203-should-i-delete-tinder-these-millennials-think-so","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041136},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers","_id":"5f31355383a9c060439cef96","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"One of Earth's fastest ageing societies, Japan's grapple with a bigger population of elderly drivers might teach the rest of the world lessons about safety and inclusion.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EJapan is known for having one of the world’s most efficient and comprehensive public transport systems, but it’s also a nation of drivers and car-lovers, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.jama-english.jp\u002Fpublications\u002FMIJ2018.pdf\"\u003Ewith nearly 80 million vehicles on the road\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Now, as one of the planet’s most aged nations, with one in five citizens\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.japantimes.co.jp\u002Fnews\u002F2018\u002F09\u002F17\u002Fnational\u002Fnumber-women-japan-aged-least-65-years-old-tops-20-million-first-time\u002F#.Xa3D-CV7lTY\"\u003E aged 70 or older\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, it is facing a sensitive problem: how do you keep traffic accidents down as people get older? \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s an important question: last year in Japan the proportion of fatal traffic accidents \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.japantimes.co.jp\u002Fnews\u002F2019\u002F06\u002F11\u002Fnational\u002Fjapan-plans-new-drivers-license-system-elderly-accidents-surge\u002F#.XbHjGiUXZTY\"\u003Ecaused by drivers 75 or older rose\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to 14.8%, up from 8.7% in 2008. And although last year overall traffic deaths in Japan were the lowest since 1948, over-65s made up a record high of 56% of the total deaths that did occur.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAccording to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.japantimes.co.jp\u002Fnews\u002F2019\u002F06\u002F21\u002Fnational\u002F75s-cause-fatal-traffic-accidents-twice-rate-younger-drivers-white-paper-shows\u002F#.XbL9KiUXZTb\"\u003Ea Japanese government report in June\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, drivers 75 or older caused more than double the number of fatal accidents in 2018 than younger drivers did. More specifically, the over-75s caused 8.2 fatal crashes per every 100,000 on the road, “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.japantimes.co.jp\u002Fnews\u002F2019\u002F06\u002F21\u002Fnational\u002F75s-cause-fatal-traffic-accidents-twice-rate-younger-drivers-white-paper-shows\u002F#.XadfByV7lTZ\"\u003Eabout 2.4 times the number caused by those aged 74 or younger\u003C\u002Fa\u003E”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmainichi.jp\u002Fenglish\u002Farticles\u002F20190425\u002Fp2a\u002F00m\u002F0na\u002F006000c\"\u003EDeadly accidents\u003C\u002Fa\u003E involving older drivers \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.japantimes.co.jp\u002Fnews\u002F2019\u002F06\u002F05\u002Fnational\u002Felderly-driver-81-wife-die-speeding-car-slams-vehicle-intersection-fukuoka\u002F#.Xa3HpyV7lTY\"\u003Econtinue to make national news\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Right now in Japan, over-75s must take a cognitive test every three years before they can successfully get their licence renewed, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.telegraph.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002F2019\u002F06\u002F18\u002Fjapan-force-elderly-drivers-have-automatic-brakes-bid-deal-aging\u002F\"\u003Eand proposals over the summer aim\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to allow elders to only drive cars with advanced automatic braking systems.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet despite unilateral safety efforts, the biggest issue remains that there’s no one-size-fits-all solution to keeping elders driving safely. That’s because not every human at the same age or life stage is going to be the same. “You can’t say at X point in someone’s chronological age, they are likely to experience specific declines,” says Alana Officer, a disability and rehabilitation coordinator at the World Health Organization.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPlus, some studies show that the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fmagazine-24204489\"\u003Eyoungest drivers are more dangerous than the eldest\u003C\u002Fa\u003E; that same Japanese government report from June found that drivers aged 16 to 19 were the most dangerous group, causing 11.1 fatal accidents per every 100,000 licenced drivers. What’s more, the higher risk of elders dying in a car crash \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fmotorvehiclesafety\u002Folder_adult_drivers\u002Findex.html\"\u003Ecould also be due to increased age-related susceptibility to medical complications\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOfficer says that if you have policy that is strictly tied to age – perhaps revoking licences for all people over a certain age in the name of public safety – you run the risk of ageist laws that discriminate.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo what can be done and what is Japan doing? The answers aren’t clear cut, but a mix of mindful policy and new technologies may indicate a path for the future.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"You can’t say at X point in someone’s chronological age, they are likely to experience specific declines - Alana Officer","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA need for independence – and respect\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDiscussions with older family members about giving up driving can be difficult for people in any country. “It’s important to take steps that support public safety, while treating older drivers with dignity,” says Toshiko Kaneda, senior research associate at Population Reference Bureau, a not-for-profit in Washington, DC that analyses population trends and statistics. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn Shimizu, Shizuoka, in south-central Japan, Toyota quality advisor and car salesperson Tomomi Makino has seen the toll the lifestyle change takes on older drivers first-hand. She’s blogged about her experiences with older customers and says more are opting to give up their licences by choice. When this happens, the car dealer comes to their house to drive the car back to the dealership to be sold back. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EElderly residents get some government benefits – discounts on taxis and buses, for example – but saying goodbye to driving can be emotional. Makino recalls one customer who called because he was giving up his licence and needed her to take his car away. He told her on the phone: “I should stop before I hurt somebody”. When Makino showed up, she said the man broke down in tears.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Many people easily discuss that elderly drivers should return their driver’s licence – but we shouldn’t forget about those people’s feelings,” she says. Their car and driving have “become an essential part of their life”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2017, more than 400,000 elderly people in Japan gave up their licenses, the highest number since the programme was introduced in 1998, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nippon.com\u002Fen\u002Ffeatures\u002Fh00219\u002Fmore-elderly-japanese-voluntarily-returning-driver%E2%80%99s-licenses.html\"\u003Eaccording to an analysis of National Police Agency statistics\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. But Hidenori Arai, president of Japan’s National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, doesn’t think the uptick in licence-surrendering is a “good trend”. In a country where the number of people living with dementia is estimated to be five million, he favours periodic cognitive tests for older drivers, as well as re-training driving skills “to extend their driving years”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELosing licences can hit elderly people in rural areas – \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theatlantic.com\u002Fbusiness\u002Farchive\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fjapan-rural-decline\u002F537375\u002F\"\u003Ewhere older populations are biggest\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and public transport can be limited – especially hard. “Without a car, they cannot survive,” says Arai. “They cannot go shopping or see their friends and so on. To enjoy life, a car is necessary. Even [though] some older people are aware of their impaired driving skills, they need to keep driving a car for their daily life.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECompromise through innovation\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo what’s being planned to curb the number of accidents, but also keep seniors active? Taxis that could drive themselves, for one.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn recent years, Japanese car and tech companies have ramped up research in this arena, focusing specifically on helping seniors. (They also want to have some of these robot taxis ready to shuttle foreign visitors between Tokyo sport venues \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Ftechnology\u002F2018\u002Faug\u002F28\u002Fdriverless-taxi-debuts-in-tokyo-in-world-first-trial-ahead-of-olympics\"\u003Ein time for the 2020 Summer Olympics\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.) \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wsj.com\u002Farticles\u002Fjapan-road-tests-self-driving-cars-to-keep-aging-motorists-mobile-1453357504\"\u003ERoad tests for self-driving vehicles started in 2016\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, when human-free Priuses wound their way around roads in tiny seaside towns and other rural areas.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EElders have long been one of the primary audiences for driverless cars. Elsewhere in the world, a start-up called Voyage has raised tens of millions of dollars to test fleets in retirement communities, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftechcrunch.com\u002F2019\u002F09\u002F12\u002Fvoyage-raises-31-million-to-bring-driverless-taxis-to-communities\u002F\"\u003Elike a 40-square-mile community of 125,000 in Florida\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Many people easily discuss that elderly drivers should return their driver’s licence – but we shouldn’t forget about those people’s feelings - Tomomi Makino","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBut \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fasia.nikkei.com\u002FBusiness\u002FStartups\u002FSelf-driving-cars-face-long-road-despite-industry-raising-35bn\"\u003Ewe’re still years away\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from self-driving cars becoming a realistic and readily available solution. In the shorter term, besides those periodic cognitive tests, police departments are trying to roll out a ‘limited driver’s licence’ for those who \u003Cem\u003Edo\u003C\u002Fem\u003E have impaired cognitive functions or driving skills. They can drive, but only certain types of cars with special, built-in safety supports: an automatic braking system, for instance. (A common cause of fatal accidents among older drivers is mixing up the brake pedal with the accelerator.)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the shorter term, companies are working on tailoring new cars to fit the needs of the elderly. This month, Toyota \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnet.com\u002Froadshow\u002Fnews\u002Ftoyota-electric-city-car-japan\u002F\"\u003Edebuted a tiny two-seater electric car\u003C\u002Fa\u003E designed for short drives that tops out at 60kph, specifically targeting older motorists who want to remain active.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA solution for all\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor years, Japan has required particular bumper stickers to be placed on the cars of both beginner and elderly drivers to identify them to fellow motorists. These stickers essentially function as a heads-up to others on the road.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlthough these can be helpful signals in some situations, WHO’s Alana Officer says that governments have to be careful labelling either side of the age spectrum as traffic scourges without offering any solutions. Otherwise, she says, it’s a slippery slope to discriminatory laws.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor effective change, Officer echoes Arai’s call for a more comprehensive plan that enables older drivers to adapt to their new life stage and keep them driving longer. She points to continued driving education, as well as occupational therapy to help drivers with restricted head movements caused by conditions like osteoarthritis better check left and right, plus assistive technologies or car modifications.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“If you build people’s cognitive capacity, it has great promise to extend to safe driving,” she says, like safeguarding one’s ability to multitask, the key skill used in driving. “I think a lot of what we need to do is not classify older people within those categories, but [rather, look at] what is it about the ageing process that requires specific policies that enable people to continue to make choices to drive safely?”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENo matter where you are in the world, coming to terms with possibly ending your driving career can be a hard pill to swallow. It’s a difficult adjustment to make, especially if there’s not sufficient policy in place to help you make it. Yet in Japan, it’s one that a growing proportion of the population will be facing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“For some, it could be nostalgia. Today’s older adults witnessed the rise of the auto industry and may have been part of the early wave of people getting driver’s licences in the 1960s and ‘70s,” says the Population Reference Bureau’s Kaneda. “It’s the end of an era, in some ways.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAdditional reporting by Chie Kobayashi in Tokyo\u003C\u002Fem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBryan Lufkin is BBC Worklife's features writer. Follow him on Twitter @\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbryan_lufkin?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ebryan_lufkin\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers-9"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-10-28T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"How Japan is handling more ageing drivers","headlineShort":"The car-crash crisis in ageing Japan","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"One of Earth's fastest ageing societies, Japan's grapple with a bigger population of elderly drivers might teach the rest of the world lessons about safety and inclusion.","summaryShort":"Japan, a greying country, has plans to curb spike in elder traffic accidents","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-10-28T01:28:28.894494Z","entity":"article","guid":"a3d3a28e-15ae-4dbc-875e-6d0975c36273","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers","modifiedDateTime":"2020-04-15T11:59:36.449197Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041137},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day","_id":"5f31355483a9c060439cf613","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"A special follow-up day to Valentine’s sees men gifting women. But what might a dip in its popularity tell us about modern Japan?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFor many in the West, the red-and-pink heart-filled celebrations of Valentine’s Day are already a month old.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut in Japan, shops and consumers have been gearing up for more commercialised romance, round two: a follow-up holiday called White Day.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt’s only been around for about 40 years, but it’s turned into a big-spending event and has even \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.forbes.com\u002Fsites\u002Fadelsteinjake\u002F2018\u002F03\u002F13\u002Fhow-japan-created-white-day-east-asias-alternate-valentines-day\u002F#386e9078348b\"\u003Efiltered into other East Asian countries like China and South Korea\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Celebrated every 14 March – one month after Valentine’s – it works as a mirror image to the holiday it precedes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOn Valentine’s Day in Japan, women give chocolates to the men in their lives. A month later, on White Day, all the men who received presents must return the favour.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut these heavily marketed gender-specific holidays might be seeing a decline in popularity, amid broader changes in Japanese society.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EForced fun\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEvery 14 February in Japan, women give men “giri choco” – “giri” means “obligation”, “choco” means “chocolate”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA month later, on White Day, men give their female gift-givers something white, like marshmallows, white cake or sweets, handkerchiefs or stationery, and sometimes more expensive fare like pearl-studded jewellery.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIshimura Manseido, a sweet-making company in Japan’s southern Fukuoka prefecture, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ishimura.co.jp\u002Fwhiteday\u002Fbirth.html\"\u003Eclaims to have invented the holiday around 40 years ago\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. In a country where giving gifts and showing thanks for those received are deeply entrenched, Ishimura capitalised on the popularity of Valentine’s Day, encouraging men to thank women with chocolate-filled marshmallow sweets.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"What started as something for lovers has extended to include a bevy of recipients: colleagues, bosses, family members, friends. It can get pricey, fast","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBut with the two holidays, what started as something for lovers has extended to include a bevy of recipients: colleagues, bosses, family members, friends. It can get pricey, fast.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“In the late ‘80s or ‘90s in the bubble economy, I experienced getting a Hermes scarf from a friend’s father who had his own business, and this person was giving out the scarf to everyone,” says Sawako Hidaka, executive director at the global not-for-profit Asia Society’s Tokyo-based Japan Center.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Now, this does not happen anymore, so my guess would be anything from 500 yen to 2,000 yen ($4.50-$18, £3.40-£14) would be average. But mind you, you are not giving it to just one person, so it does add up.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGifts given, gifts received\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOf course, arbitrary, made-up holidays exist all over the world. So-called “Hallmark holidays” in the US, for example, include “Sweetest Day”, essentially a much less popular \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcorporate.hallmark.com\u002Fholidays-occasions\u002Fsweetest-day\u002F\"\u003EValentine’s Day in October\u003C\u002Fa\u003E on which people are encouraged to buy gifts or go out to dinner.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd while White Day exists for corporations to squeeze more money out of people, it’s surprisingly connected to core values of Japanese society.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs White Day approaches, Hidaka says, “each retail outlet will try to force-sell their merchandise as ‘okaeshi’, which is deeply rooted in the culture”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Okaeshi means gifts given as thanks for receiving gifts","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOkaeshi means gifts given as thanks for receiving gifts. Presenting tokens of appreciation and love is a symbol of affection and respect the world over, but \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nippon.com\u002Fen\u002Ffeatures\u002Fjg00080\u002Fthe-social-custom-of-gift-giving.html\"\u003Ethe practice takes particular importance in Japan\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a country that highly values group harmony and smooth-running social and professional relationships.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGenerally speaking, “Japanese gift-giving is a time-honoured tradition or long-standing cultural practice in that if you receive a gift, you are obliged to reciprocate. It’s not based on romance per se”, says Setsu Shigematsu, associate professor of media and cultural studies at the University of California, Riverside.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Obviously, the misunderstandings that can occur here through such exchanges are readily apparent. People may be tired of the hassle that can come from this particular exchange of gifts, since it blurs the lines between romance and obligation.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe near-mandatory nature of Japanese Valentine’s Day \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-47112489\"\u003Ehas led to gift-giving burnout in recent years\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Could it take White Day down with it?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDecline in popularity?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAccording to the Japan Anniversary Association, an organisation that registers and studies the nation’s events and holidays, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.kinenbilabo.jp\u002F?p=650\"\u003EWhite Day spending last year fell about 10% from 2017\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, from 59bn yen (around $530m, £404m) to 53bn yen ($475m). It’s expected to \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.kinenbilabo.jp\u002F?p=746\"\u003Efall to 49 billion yen this year.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere’s a simple reason for the decline, the association says: Valentine’s Day spending in Japan is down, too. If there aren’t as many women giving out chocolates, there will be fewer men spending cash to thank them a month later.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe same organisation estimates that Valentine’s Day \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.japantimes.co.jp\u002Fnews\u002F2019\u002F02\u002F13\u002Fbusiness\u002Fnot-much-obliged-japanese-women-buying-valentines-chocolates-not-colleagues\u002F#.XH7hzNF7lTY\"\u003Espending in Japan dropped 3% last year\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Still, that’s over $1bn, and not small business.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“For us, the biggest impact event in business is Christmas – in Japan, a lot of people eat Christmas cake – followed by Valentine’s Day. White Day should be the third most important,” says Mayumi Nagase, a product manager for Puratos, a Tokyo-based chocolate and pastry company. “We sell a lot of chocolate and other ingredients to patisseries for making fresh cakes.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut as the BBC reported last month, as robust as Japan’s chocolate sector is, the blowback against Valentine’s (and subsequently White Day) is apparent. Chocolatier Godiva took out an advert in 2018 that read: “Valentine's Day is supposed to be a day when you tell someone your pure feelings. It's not a day on which you're supposed to do something extra for the sake of smooth relations at work.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMight we be able to infer something about modern Japanese culture from all this?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGender roles and societal expectations\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESome people in Japan are sick of the burden and strange power dynamics at play with Valentine’s Day, especially in a context like the office. That includes men, too.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMou Soejima is a chef and food coordinator based in Japan. He says he doesn’t see any extra business or clients on White Day, as it’s less about going out to eat, and more about giving and receiving okaeshi.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"White Day is incomprehensible – have you ever seen marshmallows more expensive than chocolate? – Mou Soejima","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Return gifts that are more expensive than chocolate [received from women on Valentine’s Day] are expected, so it is a troublesome day for males as they have to decide what to give back,” he says. “White Day is incomprehensible – have you ever seen marshmallows more expensive than chocolate?”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Clearly those holidays assign specific gender roles and sexual orientation,” says Tomomi Yamaguchi, professor of sociology and anthropology at the University of Montana. “Heterosexuality is obviously the premise of the promotion of those holidays.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EShe points out that there are plenty of same-sex partners giving gifts on these holidays, or people giving gifts to platonic friends or even treats to themselves. But Japan’s twist on Valentine’s Day was, originally, entirely about women giving gifts to men.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“In those days, it was not common that women declare their love to men, but Valentine’s Day was the day of being allowed to do so,” says Mayumi Nagase.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHidaka says that it was designed to give women the chance to show their feelings. “In a macho, male-dominated era, I guess that made sense,” she says. Like White Day, the origin story behind Japanese Valentine’s Day is a bit fuzzy, but around 1970, department stores started encouraging girls to buy chocolates for boys, so they could show their interest without using words.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EShigematsu thinks that people having less discretionary income has more to do with the holidays’ decline. After all, some estimates say that the average disposable income for a Japanese worker \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nippon.com\u002Fen\u002Fnews\u002Ffnn20180814001\u002Fdisappearing-disposable-income-worker-spending-trends-since-the-bubble-economy.html\"\u003Eis the lowest it’s been in 30 years\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Gender roles and gender identity are shifting in Japanese society, as elsewhere. The invented tradition of females giving gifts on Valentine’s Day, followed by a month later by males reciprocating them on White Day, is just not holding in terms of sales figures, given the other economic and social shifts happening.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYamaguchi, meanwhile, thinks that the exotic, Western allure of Valentine’s Day is running dry for modern Japanese at this point, being replaced \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.japantimes.co.jp\u002Fnews\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F28\u002Fnational\u002Fshibuya-prepares-host-japans-premier-raucous-halloween-celebration\u002F\"\u003Eby more recent imported celebrations like Halloween\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPuratos’s Nagase says that both Valentine’s and White Day are becoming more casual and less rigidly defined by romance: “Chocolate lovers, not only women but men, spend a lot of money to buy premium chocolates \u003Cem\u003Efor themselves\u003C\u002Fem\u003E.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo can White Day survive if Japan’s Valentine’s Day continues its identity crisis? Perhaps both could be rebranded for younger generations – a holiday where you treat yourself, rather than getting trapped in an expensive cycle of gift-giving.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“With the gift-giving-back culture, it does add up,” Hidaka says. “People have started to rethink.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E--\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBryan Lufkin is BBC Capital's features writer. Follow him on Twitter @\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbryan_lufkin\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ebryan_lufkin\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETo comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Capital, please head over to our\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FBBCCapital\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E  page or message us on \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002FBBC_Capital\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you liked this story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Enewsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E called \"If You Only Read 6 Things This Week\". A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Capital and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"\"}}\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day-14"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":true,"displayDate":"2019-03-14T19:10:19Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"White Day: Japan’s reverse Valentine’s Day","headlineShort":"Japan's 'reverse' Valentine's Day","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"A special follow-up day to Valentine’s sees men gifting women on 14 March. But what might a dip in its popularity tell us about modern Japan?","summaryShort":"It’s called White Day – and both holidays could be becoming less popular","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-03-13T20:04:19.845806Z","entity":"article","guid":"5368824d-0f6f-48a9-bd33-24e12cca6a62","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day","modifiedDateTime":"2019-03-13T20:04:19.845806Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041138},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube","_id":"5f31355283a9c060439cea75","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"From Japanese anime characters to Barbie, virtual YouTubers talk and act just like people — and they could change the way we all interact forever.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EA young Japanese woman sporting a giant pink bow and white opera gloves looks into the camera and gleefully greets her YouTube audience. She’s about to try and solve a puzzle.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBefore diving into the game, she boasts with a smile: “Well, compared to all you humans, I can clear it much faster. No doubt about it!”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYes, this YouTube personality isn’t a real person. While she’s voiced by a human, she’s a digital, anime-style cartoon. Her name is Kizuna Ai, and she has more than two million subscribers to her channel. She’s the most-watched “virtual YouTuber” on the site.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"One company is investing tens of millions into ‘virtual talent’ and talent agencies are being established to manage these avatars","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EKizuna Ai is part of an emerging trend where 3D avatars – rather than humans – are becoming celebrities on YouTube, with dedicated fanbases and corporate deals. It’s becoming so popular that one company is investing tens of millions in “virtual talent” and talent agencies are being established to manage these avatars.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt’s a movement that has big implications for the future – it could change how brands market their products and how we interact with technology. It could even let us live forever.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThey act and sound just like humans\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUsually, vloggers are people who speak directly into the camera to their fans, sharing things like beauty tips, product reviews and pop culture rants. But in the past year they have had to contend with “VTubers” like Kizuna Ai.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“We saw this start to take off right at the end of 2017… and it’s continued to grow,” says Kevin Allocca, head of culture and trends at YouTube. He points to Kizuna Ai’s channel as an example of the spike in VTuber popularity: it had around 200,000 subscribers last December, but well over two million just 10 months later.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGoogle’s Earnest Pettie says the amount of daily views of VTuber videos this year \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thinkwithgoogle.com\u002Fconsumer-insights\u002Fseptember-youtube-video-trends\u002F\"\u003Eis quadruple\u003C\u002Fa\u003E last year’s figure. And while there’s no easy way to measure exactly how many VTubers there are, User Local, a Tokyo-based web analytics site, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fvirtual-youtuber.userlocal.jp\u002F\"\u003Ecounts at least 2,000\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThese include Nekomiya Hinata, a peach-haired character who plays combat video games, sprinkling in niceties in Japanese while gunning down foes. Another, Ami Yamato, is a British virtual vlogger based in London who has a penchant for Starbucks and strolls around in the “real” world, occasionally alongside live humans. She's been vlogging since 2011.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis isn’t yet a global trend – Allocca says VTubers are popular mostly in Japan. But in that country, the futuristic videos have got the attention of companies, keen to help these characters find popularity beyond YouTube.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA new industry?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGree, one of Japan’s biggest mobile app developers, plans to invest 10bn yen ($88m) over the next two years into developing virtual talent, creating more live-streaming opportunities, building filming and animation studios, and giving creators resources.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"We believe that 3D avatar characters and their activities in virtual worlds will take people to the next stage of the internet – Kensuke Sugiyama","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“We believe that human beings need avatars beyond nicknames and profile pictures,” says Gree spokesman Kensuke Sugiyama. “Although virtual talent is currently only a niche area of entertainment, we believe that attractive 3D avatar characters and their activities in virtual worlds will take people to the next stage of the internet.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESugiyama says that as virtual and augmented reality technologies continue to develop, more vloggers and internet users could transform into fantastical and colourful characters – which in turn could become brands themselves.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt’s not just Gree, either. Kao, a Japanese cosmetics and chemicals company, “hired” VTuber Tsukino Mito at a live event in Tokyo to appear \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com\u002Finterest\u002F2018-08-04\u002Flaundry-detergent-partners-with-virtual-youtuber-for-washing-machine-event\u002F.135010\"\u003Eon a washing machine’s smart screen\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to sell laundry detergent. The Ibaraki prefectural government created a virtual influencer last month \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.japantimes.co.jp\u002Fnews\u002F2018\u002F08\u002F23\u002Fnational\u002Fibarakis-virtual-youtuber-first-japan-used-promote-prefecture\u002F#.W7OQDlJReCR\"\u003Eto appear in tourism campaigns\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and Kizuna Ai herself was selected \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fus.jnto.go.jp\u002Fcometojapan\u002F\"\u003Eby the national tourism board\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to appear in videos to lure foreign visitors to Japan.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis demand is driving associated industries: a talent agency in Japan launched \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fentum.jp\u002F\"\u003Ein April that caters exclusively to virtual avatars\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. It’ll help clients organise events, video collaborations with other creators and more.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHow did we get here?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA star is ‘born’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAn early adopter of this trend is a character that’s almost 60 years old.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBarbie, the doll that has appeared across toy lines and TV programmes for decades, made her own virtual vlogging debut back in 2015, before the rise of the Japanese VTubers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Hi – uh, OK, let’s see, where should I start?” Barbie says as she leans back into her seat after switching on a webcam.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“My name is Barbie Roberts, I have three sisters and we live in Los Angeles – well, Malibu, but I’m originally from Wisconsin. We moved here when I was eight years old.” She sounds and looks like many other teen vloggers on YouTube. She talks about everything from personal style, to more complex topics like why girls say “sorry” so much.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ECalifornia-based toy company Mattel, which owns the Barbie brand, noticed the rise in popularity of vlogging and saw an opportunity to reach kids who want to buy Barbie products.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Barbie puts out two vlogs a month and it takes about four weeks for each new episode,” says Lisa McKnight, senior vice president and global general manager for Barbie. “A team develops each script based on topics that are relevant to a girl and authentic to Barbie the character – some vlogs tackle relevant and cultural conversations, and some vlogs play on a YouTube trend.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhether it’s Barbie or Kizuna Ai, many VTubers use similar technology to transform a human performer into a digital influencer.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow YouTubers transform\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHere’s how it often works. First, an actor stands in a studio and her head, elbows and hands are outfitted with motion trackers. As the actor moves, her motions are recorded by software that recreates full body actions from just these handful of trackers. These actions are then mapped over the shape and proportions of an animated character, which can finally be rendered on a background or live-streamed.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile, a professional voice actor or human vlogger supplies the character’s speech.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe teams behind many VTubers don’t like to give away much more about how characters like Kizuna Ai come to life. In fact, sometimes the team themselves refer to their creations as though the characters are real people.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“All we can say is that we met each other through destiny two years ago,” says Masashi Nakano, co-founder of Tokyo-based Activ8, the digital production company that brings Kizuna Ai to life.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile some content creators keep their process secret, other companies producing similar content, like Gree, are more transparent. They’re working with IKinema, a UK-based animation company that provides software to clients in a number of fields to produce animated or virtual reality content. (For example, non-VTuber actors outside and inside Japan\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20180611-the-durable-magic-of-the-voice-actor\"\u003E are increasingly using this kind of motion-capture technology as part of their performances\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in film and video games.)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlexandre Pechev is CEO of IKinema. He says demand out of Japan for this kind of technology has dramatically increased over the past year, and that the company now works with dozens of Japanese content creators making virtual avatars.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHe says this new brand of interactive, virtual characters is new and gives YouTube entrepreneurs an opportunity to create content that couldn’t exist on platforms like TV.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow we’ll accept digital influencers\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo what’s the appeal?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYouTube’s Allocca credits communities that build around them. We see these around VTubers, who often hold live chats with viewers, and fan communities on Reddit and Wikia.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“There's a unique quality to the content that virtual YouTubers offer… it isn't directly tethered to the problems of a real individual or identity,” says Reddit user David Kim, who’s a contributor to the Virtual YouTuber subreddit. “It's got the intrigue of character writing with the lackadaisical feel of live, organic, self-driven content.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“I would say that the biggest contributor to the rise of virtual YouTube is the huge audience outside Japan who normally have interest for Japanese media and culture, such as anime,” says another fan, Kit Hakansson.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe trend within Japan of preferring digital over live-action personalities can be traced back four decades, says Izumi Tsuji, a sociology and culture professor at Chuo University. Tsuji points to a famous Japanese sociologist, Munesuke Mita, who posited that as a result of the slowed economic growth following the global oil crisis in the 1970s, many in the nation might have developed a listlessness with reality that could last to this day.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“From the latter half of the 1970s, we Japanese lost a certain goal or future of our society,” Tsuji says. “We tended to love the world of fiction. From this period, we tended to love enthusiastically anime, [video] games and idols instead of realistic movie and music stars.” One example of this, Tsuji says, is Hatsune Miku, the famous holographic pop star in Japan whose voice is digitally produced.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EPechev says people choose to accept virtual YouTubers at face value. When we meet real people “what we see is their personality”, he says, not the internal workings. “We accept them as real human beings. I think the same happens at the moment with virtual YouTubers.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENowadays, we’re seeing more comfort in interacting with digital avatars in place of people outside Japan too.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"This is changing expectations. Our kids will be more comfortable to be communicating with avatars - Alexandre Pechev","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ECompanies cashing in on the VTuber trend follow a similar pattern to those \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20180402-the-fascinating-world-of-instagrams-virtual-celebrities\"\u003Ecreating Instagram models to showcase various fashion brands\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Last year, Apple announced the Animoji feature on iPhones \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theverge.com\u002F2017\u002F9\u002F12\u002F16290210\u002Fnew-iphone-emoji-animated-animoji-apple-ios-11-update\"\u003Ethat scans your face to create a cartoon animal avatar that uses your own facial expressions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. IKinema’s Pechev says it’s a step towards accepting more complex digital characters.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“This is changing expectations. Our kids will be more comfortable to be communicating with avatars,” Pechev says. “It will be accepted in the future the same way users in Japan accept virtual YouTubers to be influential.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-19"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-20"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECould they replace human YouTubers?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut why replace human vloggers in the first place?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAfter all, vlogging is one of the cheapest forms of making video – switch the camera on, talk, and upload. While there might be some editing involved, it doesn’t involve costly effects or set design. So why replicate a talking head with another – more expensive – version?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt’s because the virtual character can be used at scale in ways that human characters can’t: they can appear in video games and apps outside YouTube, and as VR and AR technology improves, they can even hold virtual reality concerts. (VTuber Kaguya Luna \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fyoutu.be\u002FpeDh46iR3tc?t=4m24s\"\u003Edid just that earlier this year\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAmerican comedian duo Rhett & Link published \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=7OjCPGeq6ZU\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ea vlog that’s been viewed 2.5 million times\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, voicing concerns that virtual YouTubers could replace humans. After all, they never get tired. Their appearances can be changed on a whim. They never demand payment or more Patreon donations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-21"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"We could train avatars to act like us without having to re-record our movements","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-22"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBut never fear, humans – there are cheaper, lower-quality apps YouTubers can use on their smartphones to make virtual vloggers of themselves. FaceRig, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.indiegogo.com\u002Fprojects\u002Ffacerig#\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ea crowdfunded facial recognition app from Romania\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, is a cheap way for people to turn their facial expressions into digital cartoons and animals on their smartphone, similar to Apple’s Animoji.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis autumn, Gree is releasing a live-streaming application in which users can create a VTuber of themselves on their smartphone.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Many people have the desire to ‘want to be characters’,” says Gree’s Sugiyama, pointing to the global popularity of cosplay at fan conventions. And VTubers’ success in Japan goes deeper than fandom, Sugiyama posits. “Japanese are not good at expressing themselves openly, and I think that there are many people who really want to send out [their message] to the world, but do not want to reveal their appearance.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPechev wonders just how far the digitisation of ourselves could go.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf this develops in the future, he says, we could train avatars to act like us without having to re-record our movements. “It doesn’t have to do 100% of what we do, or even 80%,” he says – a character could be programmed with our voice and just enough of our actions, so that it could interact with friends and family after we die. “It could interact with other virtual avatars, or real people. Can we live forever?”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENakano of the Kizuna Ai team says something similar: “We would like to create a world just like Ready Player One,” he says, referring to the film and novel set in a massive virtual dimension.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-23"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-24"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":" \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhat’s next for Ai-chan, as her fans call her? Nakano mentions TV adverts, a global music festival that’s held online in VR and becoming a top idol in the virtual world.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd for now, you can keep up with your favourite VTuber throughout their day-to-day life or buy T-shirts from their merch shop.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut as Sugiyama says of the VTuber trend – that it “will allow all human beings to be released from physical constraints” – it could be a matter of time before you become one yourself.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E--\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBryan Lufkin is BBC Capital’s features writer. Follow him on Twitter @\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbryan_lufkin?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003Ebryan_lufkin\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E. \u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETo comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Capital, please head over to our\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FBBCCapital\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E  \u003Cem\u003Epage or message us on \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002FBBC_Capital\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you liked this story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Enewsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E called \"If You Only Read 6 Things This Week\". A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Capital and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"\"}}\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube-25"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2018-10-03T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The virtual vloggers taking over YouTube","headlineShort":"The big business of virtual celebrities","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"From Japanese anime characters to Barbie, virtual YouTubers talk and act just like people — and they could change the way we all interact forever.","summaryShort":"From Japanese anime characters to Barbie, they talk and act just like people","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2018-10-02T21:23:07.154946Z","entity":"article","guid":"e33f52f9-6fc3-4486-8be0-323d9e2a18db","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube","modifiedDateTime":"2019-11-06T21:02:53.834076Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041138},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has","_id":"5f31355683a9c060439cfd5f","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"“Shou ga nai” is a Japanese phrase that can be depressingly fatalistic on one hand. But could it — and the many phrases like it — be weirdly freeing on the other?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESometimes in life, bad stuff happens – you’re stuck in traffic and late for work, you lose your wallet or you dent your car door.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMany people would approach these situations by blowing up, shouting obscenities and devoting all their energy to finding a way out of the situation. But in Japan, it might be more likely to be met by a ubiquitous phrase with a different meaning: \u003Cem\u003Eshou ga nai\u003C\u002Fem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis phrase, or a more formal variant, \u003Cem\u003Eshikata ga nai\u003C\u002Fem\u003E, is often used in common situations that are generally negative but leave you no alternative but to get over it. Its loose English translation is “it can’t be helped”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERochelle Kopp, a consultant who helps Japanese and non-Japanese companies communicate better, has dealt with the phrase plenty of times.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen working with Japanese companies, “someone I have been working with will be rotated at short notice, often with very poor timing,” she says. The response? Shou ga nai. “I realise that my likelihood of ever changing it is the same as the likelihood of my stopping the earth turning.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn such situations, she feels that “from my American cultural perspective, it sounded like people were giving up just when I thought that they should be putting up a fight.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut this phrase isn’t a cultural concept unique to Japan. Rather, it expresses a universal sentiment, says Miyako Inoue, an associate professor of anthropology at Stanford University.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“In everyday life in America, for example, I hear people expressing the same sentiment… ‘What is done is done,’, ‘Let it go and move on,’,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis phrase – and the sentiment behind it – raises some interesting questions. Is there something useful about the meaning of phrases like shou ga nai? Is there anything freeing about accepting frustrating situations, rather than trying to constantly fight them?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA universal concept?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere are phrases similar to shou ga nai in cultures across the world. In English, for example, we have “It is what it is”. “C’est la vie” is somewhat similar in French. Iceland’s “þetta reddast” (which loosely translates to \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ftravel\u002Fstory\u002F20180603-the-unexpected-philosophy-icelanders-live-by\"\u003E“it’ll all work out”\u003C\u002Fa\u003E), too, is in a similar vein.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEach can have unique nuances and contexts within their cultures. But one thing they have a bit in common is the feeling of resignation – knowing when to accept fate rather than struggle against the status quo.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESome studies show that accepting bad things that happen can help reduce anxiety, though. For example, a 2017 study from the University of Toronto and the University of California, Berkeley “found that people who \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnews.berkeley.edu\u002F2017\u002F08\u002F10\u002Femotionalacceptance\u002F\"\u003Ehabitually accept their negative emotions experience fewer negative emotions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which adds up to better psychological health”.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAccepting a bad situation is the sort of “cognitive reframing” that can be beneficial, says Iris Mauss, associate professor of psychology who worked on the Berkeley study.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“If you’re good at thinking of those [stressful daily] events in a way that minimises their emotional impact on average, you do better in terms of your wellbeing,” she says. When you learn to let go, “you feel more at peace, and you put your resources and efforts into changing situations that you can actually change.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFighting frustration\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt might be worth stepping back in frustrating situations and asking yourself: what am I actually getting stressed about? Can I change it? If I can’t – why is it worth getting stressed over in the first place? And could this be an effective strategy to deal with frustration?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe experts say it depends on the situation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E "},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIf it’s a one-off event with little consequence, then it’s a good strategy. But “when it’s a systemic problem – like you have a terrible boss that yells at you and demeans you, or a relationship partner who is abusive – these are cases where you maybe need to find a way to eliminate the structural problem,” says Stephanie Preston, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe sentiment in these fatalistic phrases might be similar to a phenomenon called social defeat, she says. It’s often explored with experiments in mice. A small mouse is put in a cage with larger, more aggressive mice, and the smaller mouse acquires an almost learned helplessness. After a territorial, maybe violent confrontation with the bigger mice, the smaller mouse often shows depression-like behaviour, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.psychologytoday.com\u002Fus\u002Fblog\u002Fbrain-sense\u002F201105\u002Fsocial-defeat-changes-young-brains\"\u003Eresigning itself to the apparent social order in the cage\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe good news is that humans can in many cases take action to get out of a systemically bad situation: quitting a toxic job, or leaving a toxic partner.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EStill, it’s all about context. Some systemic situations might call for resistance and change – Preston points out this is how big social revolutions can start – but what about the more day-to-day stuff, like a slow-moving traffic jam? Sometimes it’s just better to shrug and say something like “shou ga nai”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"A sense of resignation also leads into some deeper understanding of yourself, and knowing your limits – Sachi Inoue","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“People use those coping mechanisms [because] it’s easier than holding on and trying hard in stressful situations,” says Sachi Inoue, a psychoanalyst who runs a private practice in Berkeley and is a director of an adult outpatient clinic in San Francisco. “A sense of resignation also leads into some deeper understanding of yourself, and knowing your limits: a unique human ability, and that’s very important to maintaining feeling OK.” That’s why a phrase like “shou ga nai” can be used in both bad and good ways, she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWriting for GaijinPot, a popular site geared toward expats in Japan, Japanese language teacher \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fblog.gaijinpot.com\u002Fbeauty-phrase-shikata-ga-nai\u002F\"\u003EYumi Nakata addresses the “beauty and burden” of the phrase\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. She talks about seeing her salaryman father come home after long working hours and then using the phrase, but as she’s grown older her perspective shifted.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Although there are many things that we cannot control, we are in control of our responses,” she writes. “I used to reject the ‘shikata ga nai’ attitude entirely, but now I do embrace it and say this to simply control my natural responses to the unfairness\u002Fdiscomfort of life itself.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESomething to keep in mind the next time \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ffuture\u002Fstory\u002F20170320-we-hate-to-admit-it-but-brits-arent-the-best-at-queuing\"\u003Eyou’re in an especially frustrating and slow-moving queue\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E--\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBryan Lufkin is BBC Capital's features writer. Follow him on Twitter @\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbryan_lufkin?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ebryan_lufkin\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETo comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Capital, please head over to our\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FBBCCapital\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E  page or message us on \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002FBBC_Capital\"\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you liked this story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Enewsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E called \"If You Only Read 6 Things This Week\". A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Capital and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"\"}}\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has-8"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-04-19T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The fatalistic phrase that every culture has","headlineShort":"The secret power of frustration","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"“Shou ga nai” is a Japanese phrase that can be depressingly fatalistic on one hand. But could it — and the many phrases like it — be weirdly freeing on the other?","summaryShort":"Accepting things you can't change can be oddly freeing","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-04-18T22:01:29.230981Z","entity":"article","guid":"f61b2696-82da-4d57-bfc3-c9a5dece06f0","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has","modifiedDateTime":"2019-04-18T22:01:29.230981Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041138},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture","_id":"5f31355683a9c060439cfdb4","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fbryan-lufkin"],"bodyIntro":"From cocktails to karaoke, more Japanese people are going it alone. What's causing the huge change in the traditionally group-oriented country?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EJapan is changing: a rapidly ageing society, a record-breaking influx of visitors from overseas, and more robots than ever. That's where the country's young people come in. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Ftags\u002Fgen-j\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGen J, a new series by BBC Worklife\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, keeps you up to speed on how the nation's next generation is shaping the Japan of tomorrow. This is the first story in that series.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA decade ago, many Japanese were so embarrassed to be seen eating alone in the school or office cafeteria that they’d opt to eat in a bathroom stall. Appearing friendless was a no-no, leading to what became known as “benjo meshi” – taking a “toilet lunch”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut many think Japan is changing in a big way. One of those people is Miki Tateishi, a bartender in Tokyo. She works at Bar Hitori, a cosy spot in the Shinjuku nightlife district that is designed for solo drinkers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe bar, which opened in mid-2018, represents an unusual opportunity in conformity-driven Japan – to go out and drink by yourself. And it’s doing well: instead of hiding in toilet stalls, people are stepping out and embracing being seen solo.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Video","iFrameType":"","videoUrn":["p080d0v8"],"id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVideo by Shiho Fukada and Keith Bedford\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Some people want to enjoy being alone, others want to build a new community,” says Tateishi. She believes the bar’s “solo only” policy helps potential guests who might otherwise get turned off by big groups or regulars. Customers can strike up conversation with each other in a laid-back environment that accommodates about a dozen people. The flowing booze and tight quarters make for easy interactions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think this is rare,” says Kai Sugiyama, a 29-year-old who works for a manufacturing company, from his barstool. “I feel Japanese people live a life in a group, so people want to do things with other people. We don’t have much culture of doing things alone.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0808vps"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EYet Hitori – hitori means “one person” – is by no means the only example of how businesses are changing to accommodate people who want to do things by themselves. From dining to nightlife to travel, new options catering specifically to individuals have popped up in recent years. It’s known as the “ohitorisama” movement: people boldly choosing to do things alone, the opinions of others be damned.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe power of one\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELoosely translated, “ohitorisama” means something like “party of one”. Search for the hashtag on Instagram in Japanese and you’ll find hundreds of thousands of photos: plated restaurant meals for one, cinema hallways, pitched tents at campgrounds or transport shots highlighting solo adventures. In the last 18 months particularly, more and more people have been declaring their love of ohitorisama alone time in both the news and social media.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"A ‘super solo society’ will be the future of all countries, not only Japan - Kazuhisa Arakawa","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOne recent innovation is “hitori yakiniku”. Meaning “grilled meat”, yakiniku usually involves sitting around a gridiron at a restaurant table with a group of people and communally cooking mountains of chicken, beef or pork. But with ohitorisama, the only one grilling (and eating) all that meat is you.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EEven karaoke is going solo – a huge change to the classic Japanese pastime. “Demand for single-person karaoke has increased to account for 30 to 40% [of all karaoke customers],” says Daiki Yamatani, a sales manager who does PR for the 1Kara solo karaoke company in Tokyo. In Japan, karaoke spots are everywhere, often big buildings with several floors of private karaoke rooms built for groups of various sizes. But demand from solitary singers has been growing, and so 1Kara swapped large group rooms for phone booth-sized personal recording studios.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn Japan, drinking and nightlife activities have traditionally been shared with colleagues or friends, while food culture means dinners are often shared. So the ohitorisama movement represents a major shift. But what’s driving the change and why exactly is it considered so significant?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0808t8m"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESocial pressures\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn many nations, being solo might not seem so surprising. For example, in December, American actress Christina Hendricks \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fp\u002FB5uZkt3lHFx\u002F\"\u003Eposted photos of her #solodate\u003C\u002Fa\u003E at a concert. British actress Emma Watson recently declared her love of the single life and being “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fnewsbeat-50299642\"\u003Eself-partnered\u003C\u002Fa\u003E”. Western publications have written \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thrillist.com\u002Fdrink\u002Fnation\u002Fhow-to-drink-alone-in-bars\"\u003Eguides to drinking alone and reading a book at a bar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and solo travel \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fizea.com\u002F2019\u002F01\u002F10\u002Ffemale-travel-influencers\u002F\"\u003Ehas made careers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for countless social media influencers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut in a country where conformity and being part of the group have always been highly-prized, it \u003Cem\u003Eis \u003C\u002Fem\u003Ea big deal. Japan’s 125 million people are crammed into an archipelago a bit smaller than California – and four-fifths of that land is mountainous and uninhabitable. Space has long been at a premium, so emphasis has been placed on collectivity and fitting in with others.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Japan is a small country, and everybody needs to coexist,” says Motoko Matsushita, a senior consultant at Japan’s largest economic research firm, Tokyo-based Nomura Research Institute. She studies ohitorisama, its origins and its future. “We need to focus on living together in harmony, which is why peer pressure [to do things in a group] has been high.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0808wc9"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMatsushita says that along with the rise of social media – the way friend numbers or likes can dictate your value – this led to stifling peer pressure that stigmatised being seen alone. She says the blowback from this and the 24\u002F7 communication culture then fueled the rise of ohitorisama.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the case of benjo meshi, the sociologist who coined the term in 2008, Daisuke Tsuji of Osaka University, found that students ate in the toilet stall not because they didn’t like eating alone, but because \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcore.ac.uk\u002Fdownload\u002Fpdf\u002F156703931.pdf\"\u003Ethey didn’t want their peers to think they had no one to share a meal with\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut Matsushita believes this is changing, saying negative social pressures around being alone have reduced. “’You have to get married, you have to have a child’ – these social pressures are decreasing,” she says. She cites a survey of 10,000 people she conducted that found increased attitudes toward independence and “family flexibility” from 2015 to 2018. Fewer people, for example, felt people should get married and have kids, while more felt it was OK to divorce even if you had kids. Among married couples, more people felt all right about keeping a secret from their spouse.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA ‘super solo society’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPart of the equation is that Japanese society is undergoing a seismic demographic shift. The birthrate is falling: last year just \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnn.com\u002F2019\u002F12\u002F25\u002Fasia\u002Fjapan-birthrate-hnk-intl\u002Findex.html\"\u003E864,000 babies were born\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – the lowest since records began in 1899. The number of single-person households is rising, up \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.stat.go.jp\u002Fenglish\u002Fdata\u002Fkokusei\u002F1995\u002F1513.html\"\u003Efrom 25%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in 1995 to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.stat.go.jp\u002Fenglish\u002Fdata\u002Fhandbook\u002Fc0117.html\"\u003Eover 35%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in 2015, according to census data. Declining marriage rates are contributing to the rise in people who live alone but so too is the fact that more seniors in one of the world’s fastest-greying nations are becoming widows or widowers. As a result, amid these new demographics, how consumers behave and how businesses cater to them are changing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0808sm8"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“The purchasing power of singletons can no longer be ignored,” says Kazuhisa Arakawa. He’s a researcher at Hakuhodo, one of Japan’s biggest advertising companies. He writes books about the economics of what he calls Japan’s “super solo society” and estimates that 50% of the population aged 15 or older will be living in single-person households by 2040. “I believe the market will not grow without capturing these solo customers,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"It’s known as the “ohitorisama” movement: people boldly choosing to do things alone, the opinions of others be damned","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EErika Miura, a 22-year-old Tokyoite who works in IT, is an ohitorisama veteran. Sitting at Bar Hitori, she says she’s rare among her friend group for wanting to do so many things by herself. “People get put off by the idea, but I go skiing alone,” she says. She also goes to the movies and karaoke alone, because it gives her more freedom, and says there are many solo services in Tokyo. Meanwhile Go Yamaguchi, a customer at 1Kara, says that when he does karaoke with his friends he has to wait for his turn. “I’d be embarrassed if I can’t sing well,” he adds. “I can sing whatever I want when I’m by myself.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOhitorisama also offers opportunities to those who are part of a “traditional” family unit, experts say. Arakawa’s research in 2018 found that up to one in three married people do solo activities like occasionally travel alone. Matsushita, who’s married with kids, agrees, saying: “I enjoy hitori karaoke alone, sometimes.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen it comes to elderly singletons, Matsushita says that this group – especially women – have “psychological resistance” to being seen alone. But she believes that as they see the younger generation continuing to push boundaries things could change, especially as marketers of solo services know that pensioners are a demographic with both time and money.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E‘\u003Cstrong\u003EThe world is changing’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENeedless to say, it’s not just Japan that is undergoing the kind of societal changes that have contributed to ohitorisama. As birth rates slump, marriage ages climb and populations age, many nations are seeing a rise in those leading single lives. Euromonitor International, an independent London-based market research company, released a study last year \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.businesswire.com\u002Fnews\u002Fhome\u002F20190401005398\u002Fen\u002FSingle-Person-Households-Record-128-Percent-Growth-2030\"\u003Ethat estimates a record 128% growth in single-person households worldwide between 2000 and 2030\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“A ‘super solo society’, characterised by young people who never get married and the elderly who become single again after being widowed, will be the future of all countries, not only Japan,” says Arakawa. “It is no longer practical to focus a business solely on families.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOf course, in nations where doing things by yourself – dining, drinking, exploring – raises fewer eyebrows, the phenomenon of “parties of one” enjoying everything society has to offer will be less pronounced. But in Japan, its relatively rapid evolution has become a hot topic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0808tjt"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EArakawa says he believes most of his fellow Japanese are naturally independent. “It would be wrong to assume there are two kinds of people: those who feel OK being left alone and those who don’t,” he says. “A majority of Japanese people inherently like to act independently.” He found that 50% of those who attended concerts or music festivals did so by themselves, connecting with new people there through a shared interest.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd it’s the combination of demographic shifts coupled with the emergence of more flexible attitudes about how lives can be lived that has helped ohitorisama to flourish. “It’s only 10 years ago they said ‘lunch in a toilet’,” says Matsushita. “But, after 10 years, we have so many [solo] services. People tend to think positively about being alone.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBack at Hitori, bartender Tateishi is familiar with the sense of connectivity to others that comes with meeting other people who are going solo. After all, before working here, she used to be a customer.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“For people who used to just stay at home, they can change themselves by building a community outside the home,” she says. “They see that the world is changing.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAdditional reporting by Yoko Ishitani\u003C\u002Fem\u003E. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture-18"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-01-15T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The rise of Japan's 'super solo' culture","headlineShort":"Japan’s rising ‘super solo’ culture","image":["p0808x91"],"imageAlignment":"right","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191025-how-japan-is-handling-more-ageing-drivers","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190313-white-day-japans-reverse-valentines-day","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20181002-the-virtual-vloggers-taking-over-youtube","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190418-the-fatalistic-phrase-that-every-culture-has"],"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fjapan"],"summaryLong":"From cocktails to karaoke, more Japanese people are going it alone. What's causing the huge change in the traditionally group-oriented country?","summaryShort":"From cocktails to karaoke, why more Japanese people are going it alone","tag":["tag\u002Fjapan-2020","tag\u002Fgen-j","tag\u002Fjapan"],"creationDateTime":"2020-01-14T21:44:53.6541Z","entity":"article","guid":"e8a9f996-c989-418e-b5f0-e1be0585ea3d","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture","modifiedDateTime":"2020-01-22T19:20:52.004796Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200113-the-rise-of-japans-super-solo-culture","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041137},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime","_id":"5f31355683a9c060439d016b","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fmadeleine-dore"],"bodyIntro":"Mundane chores take up our time and headspace. Bundling life admin into specific time slots - known as GYLIO - might be the ultimate act of self-care.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFrom elaborate rituals to planners, products and kits, there’s no shortage of tools and advice on how to prioritise wellbeing. But perhaps I’m not alone in dutifully clearing space in my schedule for downtime only to lie in the bath fretting about all the life admin I have to do, the entire experience turning lukewarm before the water.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMany of us struggle with the never-ending nature of our to-do lists, explains Elizabeth Emens, author of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.penguin.co.uk\u002Fbooks\u002F280\u002F280419\u002Fthe-art-of-life-admin\u002F9780241972502.html\"\u003EThe Art of Life Admin\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and a New York-based professor of law at Columbia University. “A large part of why we feel overwhelmed is that life admin is endless and invisible,” she says. “We all have different types of admin that might not be recognisable to someone else – so they don't know what we are doing or that it is overwhelming.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut in recent years, a cluster of Australian universities have been helping students tackle this issue through dedicated Get Your Life In Order (GYLIO) practices. Essentially, GYLIO is about bundling tasks into a single morning, day or week in order to clear your mind; learning to prioritise and find focus so that you can enjoy guilt-free downtime.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGet back on track\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe University of Melbourne has run a GYLIO week once every semester for at least a decade. It usually takes place around the middle of the semester in week five or six, and while the academic programme continues, the extensive social and partying schedule is paused to help students shift their priorities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p081qn98"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EDr Sally Dalton-Brown, dean of the university’s Queen’s College, says GYLIO is needed because students face more distractions. “Given the many stimuli of life today, with students who are juggling the many opportunities colleges offer across all the areas from sport and culture to volunteering and leadership, having a week to ‘take a breath’ and get things done is essential,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe intention is to provide opportunities for rest and reflection rather than impart specific life skills. Students are encouraged to devise their own GYLIO to-do lists for the week, but it's not just about paying bills and doing laundry – they attend events ranging from yoga classes and succulent planting to wellbeing lectures.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring a GYLIO week in August last year, current Queen’s College resident and student president Henri Currie, 19, created a schedule and task list to use the time to get back on track in classes where she had fallen behind.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The list included updating my study notes and getting started on upcoming assignments. I also got my exercise regime back, including runs with my friends. To relax, I took some time to see a movie, call my family and chat with friends,” says Currie. She thinks GYLIO is a great way to refocus. “Even just giving it a title seems to spur students into motion and eliminate excuses,” she says. “I think it really is what you make it – no one will force you to do self-care stuff.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"If you have attention residue, you are basically operating with part of your cognitive resources being busy, and that can have a wide range of impacts – Sophie Leroy","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFor some, what started out as a week off the booze and time to reset at college has continued into working life. Now communications manager Celeste Bolte, who attended St Mary’s College at the University of Melbourne from 2012 to 2013, can spot when it’s time for GYLIO. “When parts of my life that I'm usually on top of begin to falter, say for example clothes on the floor in my bedroom, I know I need a day to sort my space out and attend to the little things,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor Bolte, 27, saving up her life admin for a weekend morning is a joyful way to reduce the mental load. “I take a lot of pleasure in GYLIO, and setting a morning aside to clean the house, do the washing, cook some food, go for a run, get my banking sorted and life on track – and then have free time to go and enjoy myself without feeling like there are these things in the back of my head that you constantly need to do.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDivided focus\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFocusing on one task at a time until completion helps reduce what Sophie Leroy, associate professor of management at the University of Washington, calls “attention residue”; the way that having multiple tasks and obligations on our mind splits our attention in a way that reduces overall performance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“If you have attention residue, you are basically operating with part of your cognitive resources being busy, and that can have a wide range of impacts – you might not be as efficient in your work, you might not be as good a listener, you may get overwhelmed more easily, you might make errors, or struggle with decisions and your ability to process information.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p081qn6k"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhile we can’t remove distractions from our lives, taking a minute to create a ‘ready to resume list’ and plan a return to a task – like scheduling a GYLIO session – is one strategy for reducing attention residue. “Asking how and when you going to attend to a task reduces uncertainty and improves self-efficacy,” says Leroy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBolte’s partner, engineer Peter Fisher, 29, says he knows when it’s time to clear his to-do list backlog. “If you are organised enough to do a little bit every day, that’s great, but for me it builds and I realise I've got to get in and clear the decks,” he says. “It’s not often fun, but I always feel relieved when I do make the time.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhether you call it an admin morning, a ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgretchenrubin.com\u002F2014\u002F02\u002Fmy-new-habit-for-tackling-nagging-tasks-power-hour\"\u003Epower hour’\u003C\u002Fa\u003E or GYLIO, bundling small, unrelated chores can be a useful tool for making the invisible, visible. “It also gives people a language to talk to other people, which can contribute to the visibility,” says Emens. And if you’re a couple, it could even be a great way to share the load. “I think it would be especially great to do a GYLIO day together, so one person isn’t picking up the extra slack,” comments Emens.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"If you just try to take someone’s schedule for GYLIO that may not help you unless that person is really similar to you in their preferences – Elizabeth Emens","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EI wondered if a GYLIO day could have positive ramifications on my adult life, too. Without the external support of a university residence, it might be harder for working people to take GYLIO time – but perhaps all the more crucial. Journalist Anne Helen Petersen named ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.buzzfeednews.com\u002Farticle\u002Fannehelenpetersen\u002Fmillennials-burnout-generation-debt-work\"\u003Eerrand paralysis’ a symptom of millennial burnout\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, with an ‘always on’ culture leaving little energy for the smaller tasks.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDon’t crowd the list\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo kick off my GYLIO experiment, I made an extensive list of every task I’d been avoiding. Yet I fell at the first hurdle: picking the day to do all these tasks, as other events and deadlines competed for my attention.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStudent president Henri Currie recognised my rookie error; overcrowding the list made it too daunting. “In my first year, GYLIO week ended up being stressful because I had too much to do,” she recalls. An ambitious list can also create a build-up of attention residue. “If you are going to put 22 items on your to-do list but not actually move into action, your brain is going keep thinking about those 22 things that are not done,” says Leroy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt was also advised that I make GYLIO my own; a high-tech approach to life admin, for example, could work for some but not others. “We all have different preferences for dealing with life admin,” says Emens. “If you just try to take someone's schedule for GYLIO that may not help you unless that person is really similar to you in their preferences.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo reset, I decided to limit my GYLIO to an hour and wrote a more modest list. I noticed a theme in my tasks – call the accountant, book a check-up with the dermatologist, reply to three text messages and a WhatsApp voice message, send thank-you cards – so I set up a communication morning, giving focus and clarity to my agenda.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy 09:00 the next morning, I had a spring in my step. I found telling myself that I was “getting my life in order” had the positive reinforcement of feeling like my life \u003Cem\u003Ewas\u003C\u002Fem\u003E in order – spurring me on to make my next GYLIO list.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p081qprz"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EEmens cautions that there are downsides of GYLIO – including giving you the illusion that you can take care of all your life admin in a day. “Sometimes you can't control when it needs to happen and you might be waiting on other people in order to take the next step,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother caveat is that GYLIO might encourage people to put off onerous tasks until they have a full list. Here, Emens recommends bypassing the to-do list altogether if you can. “Email someone the information she wants while she's still standing there – so it never goes on your to-do list,” she offers as an example.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEmens believes we need to find the balance between getting life admin done and safeguarding our wellbeing. “We have to recognise that these obligations are real and not invented and yet it is also true that if we don't sometimes put the self-care first, we will never get to it,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn my case, the GYLIO experiment proved that self-care is less about carving out time to relax amid chaos, and more about removing to-dos from our crowded lives. With some life admin cleared away, I had a bubble bath and enjoyed the smug delight of a life – momentarily – in order.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime-10"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-01-31T20:38:18Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"How to reduce 'attention residue' in your life","headlineShort":"Yes, chores really are bad for you","image":["p081qmxn"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5f3135f683a9c06043a29230"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Mundane chores take up our time and headspace. Bundling life admin into specific time slots - known as GYLIO - might be the ultimate act of self-care.","summaryShort":"Is GYLIO the solution to ticking off mundane chores?","tag":["tag\u002Fproductivity"],"creationDateTime":"2020-01-30T21:01:55.07465Z","entity":"article","guid":"68e34b51-cb0f-4212-a190-eafb81407234","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime","modifiedDateTime":"2020-01-30T21:54:39.765085Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20200130-the-life-hack-to-reduce-admin-and-carve-out-downtime","cacheLastUpdated":1597660041138},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200218-can-germans-right-to-switch-off-survive-the-digital-age":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200218-can-germans-right-to-switch-off-survive-the-digital-age","_id":"5f31355783a9c060439d0645","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fjosie-le-blond"],"bodyIntro":"Germans take down time seriously, with an 11-hour uninterrupted break from work enshrined in law. Enter smartphones…","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe lights were all out, the corridors were deserted. Only one computer screen was still glowing at Freiburg’s Institute for Advanced Studies. Newly-arrived American academic Kristen Ghodsee was working late in her office. Then there was a knock at the door, and in came the institute’s director.\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E \u003Cbr \u002F\u003E “He wanted to know if there was something wrong,” remembers Ghodsee, 49, who is professor of Russian and East European studies at the University of Pennsylvania. Ghodsee replied she was fine, but the director looked at his watch and shook his head. It was 17:30. Why on earth would she still be working? “It was almost like he was chastising me,” the professor recalls of the conversation during a research sabbatical back in 2014. “Like: ‘You're in Germany now, go home!’”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhat seemed perfectly normal to the American, working after hours, was inconceivable to the German. After all, it was \u003Cem\u003EFeierabend\u003C\u002Fem\u003E, a German term which refers both to the end of the working day and the act of switching off from work entirely.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDown time is taken very seriously in Europe’s biggest economy. That’s why, when the European Union \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Feur-lex.europa.eu\u002Flegal-content\u002FEN\u002FALL\u002F?uri=CELEX:32003L0088\"\u003Eintroduced\u003C\u002Fa\u003E mandatory work and rest periods back in 2003, the Germans embraced the chance to enshrine their sacrosanct work-life balance in law.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAn uninterrupted 11-hour break every 24 hours was guaranteed for all workers, bar a few exceptions. All EU member states adopted the rule, but the German \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de\u002Farbzg\u002FBJNR117100994.html\"\u003EWorking Hours Act\u003C\u002Fa\u003E allowed fewer exceptions than elsewhere.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200218-can-germans-right-to-switch-off-survive-the-digital-age-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p083thjy"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200218-can-germans-right-to-switch-off-survive-the-digital-age-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Germans are more aware of the importance of keeping work and life separate for physical and mental recovery,” says David Markworth of the University of Cologne’s Institute of Labour and Commercial Law. “We welcomed that being enforced on an EU level and kept exceptions very tight.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOnly hospital staff, carers, farmers and those working in hospitality, transport or broadcast media could shorten their breaks down to 10 hours, while CEOs and the self-employed were exempt altogether. For nearly everyone else, \u003Cem\u003EFeierabend\u003C\u002Fem\u003E was now a legal requirement.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘Law overtaken by reality’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut then along came the smartphone, throwing off the delicately-set German work-life balance. Suddenly, phones were in every pocket, laptops in every bag. All at once, everyone had access to work communication outside the office, on the go and at home.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt wasn’t long before the digital revolution was encroaching on Germans’ sacred down time. By 2015, more than a quarter of employees \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dgb.de\u002Fthemen\u002F++co++42a9edc4-fd46-11e4-912c-52540023ef1a\"\u003Esurveyed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by the trade-union-linked Hans Böckler Foundation said bosses wanted them to be contactable at all hours.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis despite the law stating workers’ 11-hour break couldn’t be interrupted. Under current rules, even reading an email or taking a call from a colleague counts as work and should restart the clock on another 11-hour break.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200218-can-germans-right-to-switch-off-survive-the-digital-age-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"‘We need to work out how to deal with interruptions to the rest period… an 11-hour uninterrupted break is much too long’ – Claudia Knuth","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200218-can-germans-right-to-switch-off-survive-the-digital-age-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIf this sounds unrealistic, it is. Legal experts say the rule is being ignored on a grand scale.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The rest period is one of our most widely contravened regulations,” says Claudia Knuth, a specialist in labour law with Lutz Abel law firm.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPart of the problem is to do with enforcement, says Knuth. Companies are only disciplined if an employee complains that their rest periods are being intentionally interrupted. But with mobile devices blurring lines between work and leisure time, checking work emails has become a widespread habit.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Lots of people check their work emails in their free time out of boredom,” says Knuth. “That isn’t intentional on the part of the employer. We need to work out how to deal with interruptions to the rest period. Workers need down time, but an 11-hour uninterrupted break is much too long.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt seems many employees agree the idea of an uninterrupted break is too rigid. Last year, 96% of workers \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bitkom.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2019-09\u002Fbitkom-charts-new-work-i-11-09-2019_final_0.pdf\"\u003Esurveyed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by Germany’s digital association Bitkom said they would like to organise their own work schedule to fit around their lives.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200218-can-germans-right-to-switch-off-survive-the-digital-age-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p083thjv"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200218-can-germans-right-to-switch-off-survive-the-digital-age-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Reality has long since overtaken the legislation,” says Adél Holdampf-Wendel, Bitkom’s expert on labour law and the future of work.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPeople want free afternoon hours for errands, appointments and childcare, and the option to make up the time in the evening, she adds. Others want to make late-night calls to colleagues or clients in other time zones and start work at 0900 the next day. None of this is allowed under current rules.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EProtecting workers\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut those tasked with employee protection are worried. Watering down the rules might open the door to worker abuse, says Germany’s Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAUA).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETwenty percent of those BAUA \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baua.de\u002FDE\u002FAngebote\u002FPublikationen\u002FBericht-kompakt\u002FVerkuerzte-Ruhezeiten.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6\"\u003Esurveyed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in 2017 already get less than 11 hours’ rest overnight at least once a month. Of those, the agency says it suspects a number are working illegal overtime.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“A lot of the shortening of rest periods is happening because people are working such long hours, not because they are working flexibly,” says BAUA research associate Nils Backhaus. “We’re concerned those wanting shorter breaks want to make people work for longer at home.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBesides, the 11-hour rest period is also there to protect workers from themselves. Originally intended to make sure factory workers could recover physically between shifts, Backhaus says the break is just as necessary for mental regeneration.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThat means no firing off work emails in front of Netflix, however bored you are.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“People think it’s not so bad if they just send a quick email,” says Backhaus. “But in most cases, they are then back at work in their thoughts for much longer, making it difficult to switch off and detach.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200218-can-germans-right-to-switch-off-survive-the-digital-age-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"‘Worker protection is just as needed in our new world of digitalisation, home office and smart phones’ – David Markworth","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200218-can-germans-right-to-switch-off-survive-the-digital-age-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnd that can be damaging to health. In the same BAUA \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baua.de\u002FDE\u002FAngebote\u002FPublikationen\u002FBericht-kompakt\u002FVerkuerzte-Ruhezeiten.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6\"\u003Estudy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, those regularly denied their 11-hour break reported more frequent episodes of insomnia, exhaustion and even back pain.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECurrently, if an employee can show that interruptions to their rest periods have made them ill, that’s considered a crime on the part of the employer, says legal expert Markworth. That has led some big German firms to take drastic measures to ensure compliance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBack in 2011, Volkswagen \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zeit.de\u002Fkarriere\u002Fberuf\u002F2011-12\u002Fvolkswagen-blackberry-mailsperre\"\u003Eannounced\u003C\u002Fa\u003E it would turn off its email server overnight to prevent the exchange of work emails out of hours. Others, including BMW and Bosch, have established guidelines for employees when it comes to contacting each other after hours.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s this awareness some fear will be lost if the law is updated.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Worker protection is just as needed in our new world of digitalisation, home office and smart phones,” says Markworth. “The question is how, in this changed world of work, we continue to protect employees, both from the encroachments of employers and from themselves.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd, with constant availability increasingly the norm for workers around the world, many will be keeping a close eye on German attempts to reclaim their free time in the digital age. Ghodsee, who received a nasty reverse culture shock upon returning to the US, is sure to be one of them.\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E \u003Cbr \u002F\u003E “The \u003Cem\u003EFeierabend\u003C\u002Fem\u003E culture is really healthy,” says the American academic. “How refreshing for it to be totally okay to leave work at five o’clock and never exchange work emails on the weekend. That would be unconscionable in the US.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20200218-can-germans-right-to-switch-off-survive-the-digital-age-8"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fbeyond-the-9-to-5"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-02-24T17:00:47Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Can Germans’ right to switch off survive the digital age?","headlineShort":"The right to switch off, German style","image":["p083thjg"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. 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