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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Funkcijas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funkcijas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Funkcijas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funkcijas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uzbūve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uzbūve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uzbūve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uzbūve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces_un_piezīmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces_un_piezīmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Atsauces un piezīmes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces_un_piezīmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Šūnas kodols</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 100 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selkern" title="Selkern – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Selkern" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zellkern" title="Zellkern – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zellkern" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclio_celular" title="Nuclio celular – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nuclio celular" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A9_(%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="نواة (خلية) – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نواة (خلية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleu_celular" title="Nucleu celular – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nucleu celular" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCceyr%C9%99_n%C3%BCv%C9%99si" title="Hüceyrə nüvəsi – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hüceyrə nüvəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BA_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Күҙәнәк ядроһы – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Күҙәнәк ядроһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Клетачнае ядро – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Клетачнае ядро" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Ядро вузы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ядро вузы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Клетъчно ядро – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клетъчно ядро" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="কোষ নিউক্লিয়াস – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোষ নিউক্লিয়াস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedro_(biologija)" title="Jedro (biologija) – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jedro (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucli_cel%C2%B7lular" title="Nucli cel·lular – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nucli cel·lular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="ناوکەخانە – centrālkurdu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناوکەخانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centrālkurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bun%C4%9B%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_j%C3%A1dro" title="Buněčné jádro – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Buněčné jádro" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC_%D1%82%C4%95%D1%88%C4%95" title="Пайрăм тĕшĕ – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пайрăм тĕшĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnewyllyn_cell" title="Cnewyllyn cell – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cnewyllyn cell" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellekerne" title="Cellekerne – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cellekerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zellkern" title="Zellkern – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zellkern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κυτταρικός πυρήνας – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυτταρικός πυρήνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cell nucleus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88elkerno" title="Ĉelkerno – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉelkerno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_celular" title="Núcleo celular – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Núcleo celular" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakutuum" title="Rakutuum – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rakutuum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelula_nukleo" title="Zelula nukleo – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zelula nukleo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="هسته سلول – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هسته سلول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuma" title="Tuma – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tuma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noyau_(biologie)" title="Noyau (biologie) – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Noyau (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAicl%C3%A9as_cille" title="Núicléas cille – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Núicléas cille" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_celular" title="Núcleo celular – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Núcleo celular" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87heshvean_killag" title="Çheshvean killag – meniešu" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çheshvean killag" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="meniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-p%C3%A2u-fu%CC%8Dt" title="Se-pâu-fu̍t – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Se-pâu-fu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%90" title="גרעין התא – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרעין התא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="कोशिका केन्द्रक – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोशिका केन्द्रक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stani%C4%8Dna_jezgra" title="Stanična jezgra – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stanična jezgra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwayo_(selil)" title="Nwayo (selil) – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nwayo (selil)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejtmag" title="Sejtmag – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sejtmag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A6" title="Բջջակորիզ – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բջջակորիզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleo_(biologia)" title="Nucleo (biologia) – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nucleo (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Inti sel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Оагилга тӀум – ingušu" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Оагилга тӀум" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingušu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumukjarni" title="Frumukjarni – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumukjarni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleo_cellulare" title="Nucleo cellulare – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nucleo cellulare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E6%A0%B8" title="細胞核 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="細胞核" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Inti sel" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="უჯრედის ბირთვი – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უჯრედის ბირთვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Жасуша ядросы – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жасуша ядросы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A3" title="ಜೀವಕಣದ ಬೀಜಕಣ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀವಕಣದ ಬೀಜಕಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%ED%95%B5" title="세포핵 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세포핵" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navik" title="Navik – kurdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Navik" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Ядро (биология) – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ядро (биология)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_cellulae" title="Nucleus cellulae – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nucleus cellulae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zellk%C3%A4r" title="Zellkär – luksemburgiešu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zellkär" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celkern" title="Celkern – limburgiešu" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Celkern" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%85stel%C4%97s_branduolys" title="Ląstelės branduolys – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ląstelės branduolys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Клеточно јадро – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Клеточно јадро" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="കോശമർമ്മം – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോശമർമ്മം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Эсийн бөөм – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эсийн бөөм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleus_sel" title="Nukleus sel – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nukleus sel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zellkarn" title="Zellkarn – lejasvācu" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Zellkarn" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lejasvācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celkern" title="Celkern – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Celkern" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sellekjerne" title="Sellekjerne – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sellekjerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellekjerne" title="Cellekjerne – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cellekjerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucl%C3%A8u_(biologia)" title="Nuclèu (biologia) – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nuclèu (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirmaata" title="Wirmaata – oromu" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Wirmaata" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%85dro_kom%C3%B3rkowe" title="Jądro komórkowe – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jądro komórkowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3_(%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%86)" title="نیوکلیس (ولگن) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیوکلیس (ولگن)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_celular" title="Núcleo celular – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Núcleo celular" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleu_celular" title="Nucleu celular – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nucleu celular" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Клеточное ядро – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клеточное ядро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Бункове ядро – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Бункове ядро" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cell nucleus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seallav%C3%A1immus" title="Seallaváimmus – ziemeļsāmu" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Seallaváimmus" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ziemeļsāmu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezgra_(stanica)" title="Jezgra (stanica) – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jezgra (stanica)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cell nucleus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunkov%C3%A9_jadro" title="Bunkové jadro – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bunkové jadro" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celi%C4%8Dno_jedro" title="Celično jedro – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Celično jedro" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Једро – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Једро" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_s%C3%A9l" title="Inti sél – zundu" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Inti sél" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="zundu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellk%C3%A4rna" title="Cellkärna – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cellkärna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiini_cha_seli" title="Kiini cha seli – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiini cha seli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81" title="உயிரணுக் கரு – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரணுக் கரு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A3_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="కణ కేంద్రకం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కణ కేంద్రకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="นิวเคลียสของเซลล์ – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิวเคลียสของเซลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96%C3%BDj%C3%BCk_%C3%BDadrosy" title="Öýjük ýadrosy – turkmēņu" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Öýjük ýadrosy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleyus_ng_selula" title="Nukleyus ng selula – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nukleyus ng selula" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCcre_%C3%A7ekirde%C4%9Fi" title="Hücre çekirdeği – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hücre çekirdeği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%88" title="Төш – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Клітинне ядро – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клітинне ядро" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2_(%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81)" title="مرکز (خلیہ) – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مرکز (خلیہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujayra_yadrosi" title="Hujayra yadrosi – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hujayra yadrosi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_t%E1%BA%BF_b%C3%A0o" title="Nhân tế bào – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhân tế bào" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleyus_hin_selula" title="Nukleyus hin 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Diagram_human_cell_nucleus_numbered_version.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Diagram_human_cell_nucleus_numbered_version.svg/300px-Diagram_human_cell_nucleus_numbered_version.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Diagram_human_cell_nucleus_numbered_version.svg/450px-Diagram_human_cell_nucleus_numbered_version.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Diagram_human_cell_nucleus_numbered_version.svg/600px-Diagram_human_cell_nucleus_numbered_version.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>Šūnas kodola uzbūve: 1 — kodola apvalks; 1a — ārējā membrāna; 1b — iekšējā membrāna; 2 — kodoliņš; 3 — kodola sula; 4 — hromatīns; 4a — heterohromatīns; 4b — eihromatīns; 5 — ribosomas; 6 — kodola poras.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Šūnas kodols</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86u_valoda" title="Latīņu valoda">latīņu</a>: <span lang="la"><i>nucleus</i></span> vai <i>nuculeus</i>) ir <a href="/wiki/Eikarioti" title="Eikarioti">eikariotu</a> šūnas <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0%C5%ABnas_organo%C4%ABdi" title="Šūnas organoīdi">organoīds</a>, kurš satur ģenētisko informāciju (<a href="/wiki/DNS" class="mw-redirect" title="DNS">DNS</a>). <a href="/wiki/Bakt%C4%93rijas" title="Baktērijas">Baktērijām</a> un <a href="/wiki/Zila%C4%BC%C4%A3es" title="Zilaļģes">zilaļģēm</a> nav šūnas kodola, bet tām <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodolviela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodolviela (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kodolviela</a> atrodas <a href="/wiki/Citoplazma" title="Citoplazma">citoplazmā</a>. Kodolviela ir arī <a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vīrusi">vīrusos</a>. Šūnas kodola lielums parasti ir no 2 līdz 10 <a href="/wiki/Mikrometrs" title="Mikrometrs">μm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Biogrāmata_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biogrāmata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cilvēka organismā, tāpat kā citu zīdītāju organismā, katrai šūnai, izņemot <a href="/wiki/Eritroc%C4%ABti" title="Eritrocīti">eritrocītus</a>, ir kodols. Var būt divkodolu vai pat daudzkodolu šūnas. Divkodola šūnas parasti ir, piemēram, <a href="/wiki/Aknas" title="Aknas">aknās</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nieres" title="Nieres">nierēs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Biogrāmata_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biogrāmata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funkcijas">Funkcijas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0%C5%ABnas_kodols&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Funkcijas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0%C5%ABnas_kodols&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Funkcijas"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Micrograph_of_a_cell_nucleus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Micrograph_of_a_cell_nucleus.png/175px-Micrograph_of_a_cell_nucleus.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Micrograph_of_a_cell_nucleus.png 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption>Šūnas kodols <a href="/wiki/Elektronmikroskops" title="Elektronmikroskops">elektronmikroskopā</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kodolam ir noteicoša nozīme šūnas dzīvības norisēs, jo tajā atrodas <a href="/wiki/Hromosoma" title="Hromosoma">hromosomas</a>, kurās ieslēgta organisma galvenā <a href="/wiki/Iedzimt%C4%ABba" title="Iedzimtība">iedzimtības</a> informācija. Līdz ar to no kodola ir atkarīga šūnas <a href="/wiki/Olbaltumvielas" title="Olbaltumvielas">olbaltumvielu</a> <a href="/wiki/Sint%C4%93ze" title="Sintēze">sintēze</a>, un tieši olbaltumvielas nodrošina visas šūnas funkcijas. </p><p>Kodolā notiek arī ģenētiskās informācijas <a href="/wiki/DNS_replik%C4%81cija" title="DNS replikācija">replikācija</a> un <a href="/wiki/Ribosoma" title="Ribosoma">ribosomu</a> priekšteču veidošanās. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ribonukle%C4%ABnsk%C4%81be" title="Ribonukleīnskābe">RNS</a>, kas nodrošina replikāciju, sintēze arī notiek kodolā. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uzbūve"><span id="Uzb.C5.ABve"></span>Uzbūve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0%C5%ABnas_kodols&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Uzbūve" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0%C5%ABnas_kodols&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Uzbūve"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kodola forma bieži vien atgādina šūnas formu: apaļā šūnā kodols ir apaļš, vārpstveida šūnā — garenisks. Vēl ir ovāli, nūjiņveida, diegveida, pakavveida un segmentveida veida šūnu kodoli. <a href="/wiki/Monoc%C4%ABts" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocīts">Monocītu</a> kodolam ir šķēlumi, bet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neitrofils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neitrofils (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">neitrofilu</a> kodols ir segmentēts. Kodolā atrodas kodoliņi. Vēl šūnas kodolā ir <a href="/wiki/Hromat%C4%ABns" title="Hromatīns">hromatīns</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hromat%C4%ABna_t%C4%ABkls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hromatīna tīkls (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">hromatīna tīkls</a>. Pārējo šūnas kodola tilpumu aizņem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodola_sula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodola sula (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kodola sula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Biogrāmata_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biogrāmata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kodolu no <a href="/wiki/Citoplazma" title="Citoplazma">citoplazmas</a> norobežo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodola_apvalks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodola apvalks (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kodola apvalks</a>, kuru veido divi <a href="/wiki/Lip%C4%ABdi" title="Lipīdi">lipīdu</a> dubultslāņi, starp kuriem ir sprauga; ārējais lipīdu slānis pāriet graudainajā <a href="/wiki/Endoplazmatiskais_t%C4%ABkls" title="Endoplazmatiskais tīkls">endoplazmatiskajā tīklā</a>, iekšējam slānim pieguļ kodolplātnīte. Vietās, kur ārējais un iekšējais lipīdu slānis saskaras, veidojas kodolporas, kuras savieno kodolplazmu un <a href="/wiki/Citoplazma" title="Citoplazma">citoplazmu</a> un kuras veidotas no sarežģīta makromolekulu kompleksa, pa tām notiek makromolekulu transports. Mazas molekulas pārvietojas cauri kodolapvalkam <a href="/wiki/Dif%C5%ABzija" title="Difūzija">difūzijas</a> ceļā. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kodolā ir viens vai vairāki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodoli%C5%86%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodoliņš (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kodoliņi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86u_valoda" title="Latīņu valoda">latīņu</a>: <span lang="la"><i>nucleolus</i></span>), tajos notiek <a href="/wiki/Ribosoma" title="Ribosoma">ribosomu</a> veidošanās. <sup id="cite_ref-Biogrāmata_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biogrāmata-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kodoliņu veido DNS cilpas, RNS molekulas un ribosomu priekšteči. Kodoliņa lielums raksturo šūnas funkcionālo aktivitāti. Jo aktīvāka olbaltumvielu sintēze norisinās šūnā, jo lielāku daļu kodola tilpuma aizņem kodoliņš. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hromatīns ir DNS un kodola olbaltumvielu komplekss, šūnām daloties, tas veido hromosomas. Kad šūna nedalās, hromatīns ir izkliedēts kodolā. Eihromatīns jeb difūzais hromatīns ir ģenētiski aktīvs hromatīns, šo DNS molekulas fragmentu informācija tiek izpausta. Heterohromatīns jeb kompaktais hromatīns ir ģenētiski neaktīvs, un informācija no šiem DNS molekulas fragmentiem netiek izpausta. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hromosomas sastāv no DNS un olbaltumvielām (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Histoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Histoni (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">histoniem</a>). </p><p>Metafāzes hromosoma (hromosoma <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0%C5%ABnas_dal%C4%AB%C5%A1an%C4%81s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šūnas dalīšanās (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">šūnas dalīšanās</a> stadijā metafāzē) satur divas hromatīdas, kas savstarpēji savienotas ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centrom%C4%93ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centromēra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">centromēru</a>, kas savukārt sastāv no īpašiem DNS rajoniem un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinetohors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinetohors (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kinetohoriem</a> — olbaltumvielu diskiem, kas dalīšanās laikā piestiprinās pie dalīšanās vārpstas pavedieniem. Hromosomas pleci ir hromosomas daļas abpus centromērai. Telomēras ir hromosomu gali. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces_un_piezīmes"><span id="Atsauces_un_piez.C4.ABmes"></span>Atsauces un piezīmes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0%C5%ABnas_kodols&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces un piezīmes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0%C5%ABnas_kodols&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces un piezīmes"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami multivides faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cell_nucleus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cell nucleus">Šūnas kodols</a></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Biogrāmata-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Biogrāmata_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Biogrāmata_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Biogrāmata_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Biogrāmata_1-3">1,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> "Bioloģijas rokasgrāmata" — R.: Zvaigzne ABC, 1995., 16. lpp. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2">2,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3">2,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4">2,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Erika Nagle. <i>Bioloģija vidusskolai</i>. Lielvārds, 2008. 35.—38. lpp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9984-11-272-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-9984-11-272-5">978-9984-11-272-5</a>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aizmetņa ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg/40px-Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg/60px-Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg/80px-Morpho_didius_Male_Dos_MHNT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5410" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></td><td><i>Šis ar <a href="/wiki/Biolo%C4%A3ija" title="Bioloģija">bioloģiju</a> saistītais raksts ir <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Aizmetnis" title="Vikipēdija:Aizmetnis">nepilnīgs</a>. 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