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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Club_DJs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Club_DJs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Club DJs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Club_DJs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hip_hop_DJs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hip_hop_DJs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hip hop DJs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hip_hop_DJs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_DJs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_DJs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Radio DJs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_DJs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dancehall/reggae_deejays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dancehall/reggae_deejays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Dancehall/reggae deejays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dancehall/reggae_deejays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turntablists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turntablists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Turntablists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turntablists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Other types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_DJs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_DJs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Women DJs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_DJs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Equipment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Turntables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turntables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Turntables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turntables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CDJs/media_players" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CDJs/media_players"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>CDJs/media players</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CDJs/media_players-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DJ_mixers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DJ_mixers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>DJ mixers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DJ_mixers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Headphones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headphones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Headphones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Headphones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timecode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timecode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Timecode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timecode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DJ_controllers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DJ_controllers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>DJ controllers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DJ_controllers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Other equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Techniques</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Techniques-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Techniques subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Miming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Miming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Health concerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>In film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Disc jockey</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%82_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89" title="منسق موسيقى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منسق موسيقى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicey" title="Dicey – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dicey" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoki" title="Disjoki – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Disjoki" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF_(%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87)" title="ডিস্ক জকি (ডিজে) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডিস্ক জকি (ডিজে)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Дыджэй – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дыджэй" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Дыджэй – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дыджэй" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Диджей – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Диджей" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Disc jockey" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Disc jockey" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discj%C3%B2quei" title="Discjòquei – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Discjòquei" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Диджей – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Диджей" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk%C5%BEokej" title="Diskžokej – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Diskžokej" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dj" title="Dj – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dj" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskor" title="Diskor – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Diskor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc-jockey" title="Disc-jockey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Disc-jockey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk%C4%B5okeo" title="Diskĵokeo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Diskĵokeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_jockey" title="Disk jockey – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Disk jockey" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="دی‌جی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دی‌جی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Disc jockey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discjockey" title="Discjockey – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Discjockey" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc-j%C3%B3ckey" title="Disc-jóckey – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Disc-jóckey" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC_%EC%9E%90%ED%82%A4" title="디스크 자키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디스크 자키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A5%D5%B5" title="Դիջեյ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դիջեյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk-d%C5%BEokej" title="Disk-džokej – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Disk-džokej" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk-jokeo" title="Disk-jokeo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Disk-jokeo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoki" title="Disjoki – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Disjoki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%B6tusn%C3%BA%C3%B0ur" title="Plötusnúður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Plötusnúður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Disc jockey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99" title="די ג'יי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="די ג'יי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಡಿಸ್ಕ್ ಜಾಕಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಡಿಸ್ಕ್ ಜಾಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98" title="დიჯეი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიჯეი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8-%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ди-джей – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ди-джей" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Disc jockey" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Диск-жокей – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Диск-жокей" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonodiscorum_selector" title="Phonodiscorum selector – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Phonodiscorum selector" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk%C5%BEokejs" title="Diskžokejs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Diskžokejs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk%C5%BEok%C4%97jus" title="Diskžokėjus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Diskžokėjus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemezlovas" title="Lemezlovas – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lemezlovas" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%98" title="Диск-џокеј – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Диск-џокеј" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="منسق مزيكا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منسق مزيكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskjockey" title="Diskjockey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Diskjockey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" title="ディスクジョッキー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ディスクジョッキー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discjockey" title="Discjockey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Discjockey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Диджей – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Диджей" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87" title="ਡੀਜੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡੀਜੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%92" title="ڈی جے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈی جے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Disc jockey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Disc jockey" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Диджей – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диджей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B3_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4(%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE)" title="ᱰᱤᱥᱠᱳ ᱡᱚᱠᱤ(ᱰᱤᱡᱮ) – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱰᱤᱥᱠᱳ ᱡᱚᱠᱤ(ᱰᱤᱡᱮ)" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Disc jockey" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Disc jockey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskotek%C3%A1r" title="Diskotekár – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Diskotekár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Did%C5%BEej" title="Didžej – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Didžej" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%8C" title="دیجەی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دیجەی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%98" title="Диск-џокеј – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Диск-џокеј" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_d%C5%BEokej" title="Disk džokej – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Disk džokej" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discjockey" title="Discjockey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Discjockey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88" title="ดีเจ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดีเจ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96-%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ді-джей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ді-джей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Disc jockey" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87%E9%AA%91%E5%B8%88" title="唱片骑师 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="唱片骑师" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99" title="דידזשיי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דידזשיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ" title="DJ – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="DJ" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87%E9%A8%8E%E5%B8%AB" title="唱片騎師 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="唱片騎師" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130857#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Disc_jockey" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Person who plays recorded music for an audience</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"DJ", "DJs", and "Deejay" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/DJ_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="DJ (disambiguation)">DJ (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/DJs_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="DJs (disambiguation)">DJs (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Deejay_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Deejay (disambiguation)">Deejay (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Disc_jockey" title="Special:EditPage/Disc jockey">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Disc+jockey%22">"Disc jockey"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Disc+jockey%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Disc+jockey%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Disc+jockey%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Disc+jockey%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Disc+jockey%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Hood_Live_@_Kennedys,_Dublin,_Ireland_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_Hood_Live_%40_Kennedys%2C_Dublin%2C_Ireland_2009.JPG/220px-Robert_Hood_Live_%40_Kennedys%2C_Dublin%2C_Ireland_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_Hood_Live_%40_Kennedys%2C_Dublin%2C_Ireland_2009.JPG/330px-Robert_Hood_Live_%40_Kennedys%2C_Dublin%2C_Ireland_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_Hood_Live_%40_Kennedys%2C_Dublin%2C_Ireland_2009.JPG/440px-Robert_Hood_Live_%40_Kennedys%2C_Dublin%2C_Ireland_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">Club</a> DJ <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hood" title="Robert Hood">Robert Hood</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellen_Allien_(MAGMA_2006,_Tenerife).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ellen_Allien_%28MAGMA_2006%2C_Tenerife%29.jpg/220px-Ellen_Allien_%28MAGMA_2006%2C_Tenerife%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ellen_Allien_%28MAGMA_2006%2C_Tenerife%29.jpg/330px-Ellen_Allien_%28MAGMA_2006%2C_Tenerife%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ellen_Allien_%28MAGMA_2006%2C_Tenerife%29.jpg/440px-Ellen_Allien_%28MAGMA_2006%2C_Tenerife%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Club DJ <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Allien" title="Ellen Allien">Ellen Allien</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=MAGMA_festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MAGMA festival (page does not exist)">MAGMA festival</a> 2006, in Tenerife, Spain</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_CDJs_and_two_SL-1210_at_Bob_Beaman_Nightclub_Munich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Three_CDJs_and_two_SL-1210_at_Bob_Beaman_Nightclub_Munich.jpg/220px-Three_CDJs_and_two_SL-1210_at_Bob_Beaman_Nightclub_Munich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Three_CDJs_and_two_SL-1210_at_Bob_Beaman_Nightclub_Munich.jpg/330px-Three_CDJs_and_two_SL-1210_at_Bob_Beaman_Nightclub_Munich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Three_CDJs_and_two_SL-1210_at_Bob_Beaman_Nightclub_Munich.jpg/440px-Three_CDJs_and_two_SL-1210_at_Bob_Beaman_Nightclub_Munich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2018" data-file-height="1131" /></a><figcaption>DJ workplace in a <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclub</a>, consisting of three <a href="/wiki/CDJ" title="CDJ">CDJs</a> (top), three <a href="/wiki/Turntable" class="mw-redirect" title="Turntable">turntables</a> for <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">vinyl records</a> and a <a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixer</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>disc jockey</b>, more commonly abbreviated as <b>DJ</b>, is a person who plays recorded music for an audience. Types of DJs include <a href="/wiki/Radio_personality" title="Radio personality">radio DJs</a> (who host programs on <a href="/wiki/Music_radio" title="Music radio">music radio</a> stations), club DJs (who work at <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclubs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">music festivals</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mobile_DJs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile DJs">mobile DJs</a> (who are hired to work at public and private events such as weddings, parties, or festivals), and <a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">turntablists</a> (who use record players, usually <a href="/wiki/Turntable" class="mw-redirect" title="Turntable">turntables</a>, to manipulate sounds on <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">phonograph records</a>). Originally, the "disc" in "disc jockey" referred to <a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">shellac</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_records" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl records">vinyl records</a>, but nowadays DJ is used as an all-encompassing term to also describe persons who <a href="/wiki/DJ_mix" title="DJ mix">mix</a> music from other recording media such as <a href="/wiki/Compact_cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact cassette">cassettes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CDs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio file">digital audio files</a> on a <a href="/wiki/CDJ" title="CDJ">CDJ</a>, controller, or even a laptop. DJs may adopt the title "DJ" in front of their real names, adopted pseudonyms, or stage names.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DJs commonly use audio equipment that can play at least two sources of recorded music simultaneously. This enables them to <a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing" title="Audio mixing">blend tracks together</a> to create transitions between recordings and develop unique <a href="/wiki/DJ_mix" title="DJ mix">mixes</a> of songs. This can involve <a href="/wiki/Beatmatching" title="Beatmatching">aligning the beats</a> of the music sources so their rhythms and tempos do not clash when played together and enable a smooth transition from one song to another. DJs often use specialized <a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixers</a>, small <a href="/wiki/Audio_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio console">audio mixers</a> with <a href="/wiki/Crossfader" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossfader">crossfader</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cue_(audio)" title="Cue (audio)">cue</a> functions to blend or transition from one song to another. Mixers are also used to pre-listen to sources of recorded music in <a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">headphones</a> and adjust upcoming tracks to mix with currently playing music. DJ software can be used with a <a href="/wiki/DJ_controller" title="DJ controller">DJ controller</a> device to mix audio files on a computer instead of a console mixer. DJs may also use a <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a> to speak to the audience; <a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">effects units</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverb">reverb</a> to create sound effects and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_musical_instrument" title="Electronic musical instrument">electronic musical instruments</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">drum machines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizers</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_popular_DJs">List of popular DJs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of popular DJs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the most popular DJs are <a href="/wiki/Skrillex" title="Skrillex">Skrillex</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Guetta" title="David Guetta">David Guetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porter_Robinson" title="Porter Robinson">Porter Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deadmau5" title="Deadmau5">deadmau5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avicii" title="Avicii">Avicii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Harris" title="Calvin Harris">Calvin Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Garrix" title="Martin Garrix">Martin Garrix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshmello" title="Marshmello">Marshmello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zedd" title="Zedd">Zedd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Walker" title="Alan Walker">Alan Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Prydz" title="Eric Prydz">Eric Prydz</a>, <a href="/wiki/DJ_Snake" title="DJ Snake">DJ Snake</a>, <a href="/wiki/R3HAB" class="mw-redirect" title="R3HAB">R3HAB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timmy_Trumpet" title="Timmy Trumpet">Timmy Trumpet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%ABsto" title="Tiësto">Tiësto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Aoki" title="Steve Aoki">Steve Aoki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diplo" title="Diplo">Diplo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicky_Romero" title="Nicky Romero">Nicky Romero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lost_Frequencies" title="Lost Frequencies">Lost Frequencies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daft_Punk" title="Daft Punk">Daft Punk</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "disc jockey" was ostensibly coined by radio gossip commentator <a href="/wiki/Walter_Winchell" title="Walter Winchell">Walter Winchell</a> in 1935 to describe the radio work of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Block" title="Martin Block">Martin Block</a>. The phrase first appeared in print in a 1941 <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i> magazine. Originally, the word "disc" in "disc jockey" referred to <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">phonograph or gramophone records</a> and was used to describe radio personalities who introduced them on the air.<sup id="cite_ref-Trove_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trove-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OED_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role">Role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"DJ" is used as an all-encompassing term to describe someone who mixes recorded music from any source, including <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_records" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl records">vinyl records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compact_cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact cassette">cassettes</a>, CDs, or <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio file">digital audio files</a> stored on <a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">USB stick</a> or laptop. DJs typically perform for a live audience in a <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclub</a> or dance club or a TV, radio broadcast audience, or an <a href="/wiki/Online_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Online radio">online radio</a> audience. DJs also create mixes, remixes and tracks that are recorded for later sale and distribution. In <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a>, DJs may create beats, using percussion <a href="/wiki/Break_(music)" title="Break (music)">breaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bassline" title="Bassline">basslines</a> and other musical content <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sampled</a> from pre-existing records. In hip hop, rappers and MCs use these beats to <a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">rap</a> over. Some DJs adopt the title "DJ" as part of their names (e.g., <a href="/wiki/DJ_Jazzy_Jeff" title="DJ Jazzy Jeff">DJ Jazzy Jeff</a>, <a href="/wiki/DJ_Qbert" title="DJ Qbert">DJ Qbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/DJ_Shadow" title="DJ Shadow">DJ Shadow</a> and <a href="/wiki/DJ_Yoda" title="DJ Yoda">DJ Yoda</a>). Professional DJs often specialize in a specific genre of music, such as <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> music. DJs typically have extensive knowledge about the music they specialize in. Many DJs are avid music collectors of vintage, rare or obscure tracks and records. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Club_DJs">Club DJs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Club DJs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Rock_@_The_Brookyln_Bowl_in_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pete_Rock_%40_The_Brookyln_Bowl_in_2016.jpg/220px-Pete_Rock_%40_The_Brookyln_Bowl_in_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pete_Rock_%40_The_Brookyln_Bowl_in_2016.jpg/330px-Pete_Rock_%40_The_Brookyln_Bowl_in_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pete_Rock_%40_The_Brookyln_Bowl_in_2016.jpg/440px-Pete_Rock_%40_The_Brookyln_Bowl_in_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>DJ <a href="/wiki/Pete_Rock" title="Pete Rock">Pete Rock</a> performing at Rahzel and Friends – Brooklyn Bowl, 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>Club DJs, commonly referred to as DJs in general, play music at musical events, such as parties at <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">music venues</a> or bars, clubs, music festivals, corporate and private events. Typically, club DJs mix music recordings from two or more sources using different mixing techniques to produce a non-stopping flow of music. Mixing began with hip hop in the 1970s and would subsequently expand to other genres in especially (but not exclusively) dance music. </p><p>One key technique used for seamlessly transitioning from one song to another is <a href="/wiki/Beatmatching" title="Beatmatching">beatmatching</a>. A DJ who mostly plays and mixes one specific music genre is often given the title of that genre; for example, a DJ who plays <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a> is called a hip hop DJ, a DJ who plays <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house music</a> is a house DJ, a DJ who plays <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a> is called a techno DJ, and so on.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The quality of a DJ performance (often called a DJ mix or DJ set) consists of two main features: technical skills, or how well the DJ can operate the equipment and produce smooth transitions between two or more recordings and a playlist; and the ability of a DJ to select the most suitable recordings, also known as "reading the crowd".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hip_hop_DJs">Hip hop DJs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hip hop DJs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/DJ_Kool_Herc" title="DJ Kool Herc">DJ Kool Herc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash" title="Grandmaster Flash">Grandmaster Flash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Bambaataa" title="Afrika Bambaataa">Afrika Bambaataa</a> were members of a block party at South Bronx from 1973 onwards. Kool Herc played records such as James Brown's "<a href="/wiki/Give_It_Up_or_Turnit_a_Loose" title="Give It Up or Turnit a Loose">Give It Up or Turnit a Loose</a>", Jimmy Castor's "<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Just_Begun" title="It's Just Begun">It's Just Begun</a>", <a href="/wiki/Booker_T._%26_the_M.G.%27s" title="Booker T. & the M.G.'s">Booker T. & the M.G.'s'</a> "<a href="/wiki/Melting_Pot_(Booker_T_album)" title="Melting Pot (Booker T album)">Melting Pot</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Incredible Bongo Band's "<a href="/wiki/Bongo_Rock" title="Bongo Rock">Bongo Rock</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Apache_(instrumental)#Incredible_Bongo_Band_version" title="Apache (instrumental)">Apache</a>", and UK rock band Babe Ruth's "<a href="/wiki/The_Mexican_(song)" title="The Mexican (song)">The Mexican</a>". With Bronx clubs struggling with street gangs, uptown DJs catering to an older disco crowd with different aspirations, and commercial radio also catering to a demographic distinct from teenagers in the Bronx, Herc's parties had a ready-made audience.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DJ Kool Herc developed the style that was the blueprint for <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a>. Herc used the record to focus on a short, heavily percussive part in it: the "<a href="/wiki/Break_(music)" title="Break (music)">break</a>". Since this part of the record was the one the dancers liked best, Herc isolated the break and prolonged it by changing between two record players. As one record reached the end of the break, he cued a second record back to the beginning of the break, which allowed him to extend a relatively short section of music into a "five-minute loop of fury".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This innovation had its roots in what Herc called "The Merry-Go-Round", a technique by which the DJ switched from break to break at the height of the party. This technique is specifically called "The Merry-Go-Round" because according to Herc, it takes one "back and forth with no slack."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_DJs">Radio DJs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Radio DJs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Radio_personality" title="Radio personality">Radio personality</a></div> <p>Radio DJs or radio personalities introduce and play music broadcasts on <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM</a>, <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">digital</a> or <a href="/wiki/Internet_radio" title="Internet radio">Internet radio</a> stations.<sup id="cite_ref-Field2010_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Field2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Inc.1961_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inc.1961-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dancehall/reggae_deejays"><span id="Dancehall.2Freggae_deejays"></span>Dancehall/reggae deejays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Dancehall/reggae deejays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Toasting_(Jamaican_music)" title="Toasting (Jamaican music)">Toasting (Jamaican music)</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jamaica" title="Music of Jamaica">Jamaican music</a>, a deejay (DJ) is a <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">dancehall</a> musician who sings and "<a href="/wiki/Toasting_(Jamaican_music)" title="Toasting (Jamaican music)">toasts</a>" (recites poetry) to an instrumental <a href="/wiki/Riddim" title="Riddim">riddim</a>. Deejays are not to be confused with DJs from other music genres like hip hop, where they select and play music. Dancehall/reggae DJs who select <a href="/wiki/Riddim" title="Riddim">riddims</a> to play are called selectors. Deejays whose style is nearer to singing are sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Singjay" title="Singjay">singjays</a>. </p><p>The term deejay originated in the 1960s and 1970s when performers such as <a href="/wiki/U-Roy" title="U-Roy">U-Roy</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Stitt" title="King Stitt">King Stitt</a> toasted over the instrumental (<a href="/wiki/Dub_music" title="Dub music">dub music</a>) versions of popular records. These versions were often released on the flip side to the song's <a href="/wiki/45_record" class="mw-redirect" title="45 record">45 record</a>. This gave the deejays the chance to create on-the-fly lyrics to the music. <a href="/wiki/Big_Youth" title="Big Youth">Big Youth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/I-Roy" title="I-Roy">I-Roy</a> were famous deejays in Jamaica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turntablists">Turntablists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Turntablists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/DJ_QBert_at_Rainbow_Warehouse%2C_Birmingham_UK.webm/220px--DJ_QBert_at_Rainbow_Warehouse%2C_Birmingham_UK.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="583" data-mwtitle="DJ_QBert_at_Rainbow_Warehouse,_Birmingham_UK.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:DJ_QBert_at_Rainbow_Warehouse,_Birmingham_UK.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/DJ_QBert_at_Rainbow_Warehouse%2C_Birmingham_UK.webm/DJ_QBert_at_Rainbow_Warehouse%2C_Birmingham_UK.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/DJ_QBert_at_Rainbow_Warehouse%2C_Birmingham_UK.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/DJ_QBert_at_Rainbow_Warehouse%2C_Birmingham_UK.webm/DJ_QBert_at_Rainbow_Warehouse%2C_Birmingham_UK.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/DJ_QBert_at_Rainbow_Warehouse%2C_Birmingham_UK.webm/DJ_QBert_at_Rainbow_Warehouse%2C_Birmingham_UK.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/DJ_Qbert" title="DJ Qbert">DJ Qbert</a> performing in Rainbow Warehouse in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> (video with close-up photography at the DJ mixer, though without sound)</figcaption></figure> <p>Turntablists, also called battle DJs, use <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">turntables</a> and <a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixer</a> to manipulate recorded sounds to produce new music. In essence, they use DJ equipment as a musical instrument. Perhaps the best-known turntablist technique is <a href="/wiki/Scratching" title="Scratching">scratching</a>. Turntablists often participate in DJ contests like <a href="/wiki/DMC_World_DJ_Championships" title="DMC World DJ Championships">DMC World DJ Championships</a> and Red Bull 3Style.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residents">Residents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Resident_DJ" title="Resident DJ">Resident DJ</a></div> <p>A resident DJ performs at a venue on a regular basis or permanently.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They would perform regularly (typically under an agreement) in a particular discotheque, a particular club, a particular event, or a particular broadcasting station.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Residents have a decisive influence on the club or a series of events.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per agreement with the management or company, the DJ would have to perform under agreed times and dates.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, DJs perform as residents for two or three times in a week, for example, on Friday and Saturday. DJs who make a steady income from a venue are also considered resident DJs.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples for resident DJs are:<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Fiorito" title="Alfredo Fiorito">Alfredo Fiorito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richie_Hawtin" title="Richie Hawtin">Richie Hawtin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sven_V%C3%A4th" title="Sven Väth">Sven Väth</a> <b>–</b> <a href="/wiki/Amnesia_(nightclub)" title="Amnesia (nightclub)">Amnesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a>, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Garrix" title="Martin Garrix">Martin Garrix</a> <b>–</b> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AF_Ibiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Hï Ibiza">Hï Ibiza</a>, Ibiza, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Levan" title="Larry Levan">Larry Levan</a> <b>–</b> <a href="/wiki/Paradise_Garage" title="Paradise Garage">Paradise Garage</a>, New York City, US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mancuso" title="David Mancuso">David Mancuso</a> <b>–</b> <a href="/wiki/The_Loft_(New_York_City)" title="The Loft (New York City)">The Loft</a>, New York City</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%ABsto" title="Tiësto">Tiësto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deadmau5" title="Deadmau5">Deadmau5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Harris" title="Calvin Harris">Calvin Harris</a> <b>–</b> <a href="/wiki/Hakkasan" title="Hakkasan">Hakkasan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaskade" title="Kaskade">Kaskade</a> <b>–</b> Encore Beach Club, Las Vegas, US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Klock" title="Ben Klock">Ben Klock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Dettmann" title="Marcel Dettmann">Marcel Dettmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tama_Sumo" title="Tama Sumo">Tama Sumo</a> <b>–</b> <a href="/wiki/Berghain" title="Berghain">Berghain</a>, Berlin, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_Go_Deep" title="Fish Go Deep">Fish Go Deep</a> <b>–</b> Cork, Ireland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djsky" title="Djsky">Djsky</a> <b>–</b> Ghana, West Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tale_of_Us" title="Tale of Us">Tale of Us</a> <b>–</b> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AF_Ibiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Hï Ibiza">Hï Ibiza</a>, Ibiza, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claptone" title="Claptone">Claptone</a> <b>–</b> <a href="/wiki/Pacha_Group" title="Pacha Group">Pacha</a>, Ibiza, Spain</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_types">Other types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bedroom DJs <b>–</b> A non-professional DJ who mixes music in their room as a hobby, rather than on radio or in a music venue such as a bar or a nightclub. Bedroom DJs are normally motivated by a desire to hone their skills and have fun with friends. Many professional DJs start out as bedroom DJs but not all bedroom DJs want to become professional<b>–</b>some are content being hobbyists. Most bedroom DJs generally have small set-ups of basic equipment. They might be learning how to DJ on a laptop or have a controller.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_DJ" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile DJ">Mobile DJs</a> <b>–</b> DJs with their own portable <a href="/wiki/Sound_reinforcement_system" title="Sound reinforcement system">audio sound systems</a> who specialize in performing at <a href="/wiki/Party" title="Party">gatherings</a> such as block parties, street fairs, taverns, weddings, birthdays, school and corporate events. Mobile DJs may also offer lighting packages and video systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Zemon2013_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zemon2013-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="DJane"></span> </p> <ul><li>DJanes <b>–</b> a term describing women DJs used in countries such as Germany that employ <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">grammatical gender</a> in their languages<sup id="cite_ref-Butler2014_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler2014-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Celebrity DJs <b>–</b> widely known <a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">celebrities</a> performing as DJs.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women_DJs">Women DJs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Women DJs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jill_Wernstr%C3%B6m_1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jill_Wernstr%C3%B6m_1971.jpg/220px-Jill_Wernstr%C3%B6m_1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jill_Wernstr%C3%B6m_1971.jpg/330px-Jill_Wernstr%C3%B6m_1971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Jill_Wernstr%C3%B6m_1971.jpg/440px-Jill_Wernstr%C3%B6m_1971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="908" /></a><figcaption>Sweden's first female disc jockey was Jill Wernström (1971)</figcaption></figure> <p>In Western <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a>, even though there are relatively few women DJs and turntablists, <a href="/wiki/Women_in_music" title="Women in music">women musicians</a> have achieved great success in singing and songwriting roles, however, they are given much less representation than men DJs. Part of this may stem from a generally low percentage of women in audio technology-related jobs. A 2013 <i><a href="/wiki/Sound_on_Sound" title="Sound on Sound">Sound on Sound</a></i> article by Rosina Ncube stated that there are "... few women in <a href="/wiki/Music_producer" class="mw-redirect" title="Music producer">record production</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sound_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound engineering">sound engineering</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ncube states that "[n]inety-five percent of music producers are male, and although there are women producers achieving great things in music, they are less well-known than their counterparts."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority of students in music technology programs are male. In <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a>, the low percentage of women DJs and turntablists may stem from the overall men's domination of the entire hip hop music industry. Most of the top rappers, MCs, DJs, record producers and music executives are men. There are a small number of high-profile women, but they are rare. </p><p> In 2007, Mark Katz's article "Men, Women, and Turntables: Gender and the DJ Battle", stated that "very few women [do turntablism] battle[s]; the matter has been a topic of conversation among hip-hop DJs for years."<sup id="cite_ref-gender_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gender-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, Rebekah Farrugia said "the male-centricity of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a> (EDM) culture" contributes to "a marginalisation of women in these [EDM] spaces."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While turntablism and broader DJ practices should not be conflated, Katz suggests use or lack of use of the turntable broadly by women across genres and disciplines is impacted upon by what he defines as "male <a href="/wiki/Technophilia" title="Technophilia">technophilia</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-gender_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gender-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Oldenziel" title="Ruth Oldenziel">Ruth Oldenziel</a> concurs in her writing on engineering with this idea of socialization as a central factor in the lack of engagement with technology. She says:</p><blockquote><p>an exclusive focus on women's supposed failure to enter the field – is insufficient for understanding how our stereotypical notions have come into being; it tends to put the burden of proof entirely on women and to [unreasonably] blame them for their supposedly inadequate socialization, their lack of aspiration, and their want of masculine values. An equally challenging question is why and how boys have come to love things technical, how boys have historically been socialized as technophiles.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Lucy Green has focused on gender in relation to musical performers and creators, and specifically on educational frameworks as they relate to both.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She suggests that women's alienation from "areas that have a strong technological tendency such as DJing, sound engineering and producing" are "not necessarily about their dislike of these instruments but relates to the interrupting effect of their dominantly masculine delineations".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, women and girls do increasingly engage in turntable and DJ practices, individually<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and collectively,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "carve out spaces for themselves in EDM and DJ Culture".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2015 article cited a number of prominent women DJs: <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Wants" title="Hannah Wants">Hannah Wants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Allien" title="Ellen Allien">Ellen Allien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miss_Kittin" title="Miss Kittin">Miss Kittin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monika_Kruse" title="Monika Kruse">Monika Kruse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Moudaber" title="Nicole Moudaber">Nicole Moudaber</a>, <a href="/wiki/B.Traits" title="B.Traits">B.Traits</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magda_(DJ)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magda (DJ) (page does not exist)">Magda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nina_Kraviz" title="Nina Kraviz">Nina Kraviz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nervo_(DJs)" title="Nervo (DJs)">Nervo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Annie_Mac" title="Annie Mac">Annie Mac</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fes_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fes-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, another article brings out a list with world-famous women DJs including Nastia, tINY, <a href="/wiki/Nora_En_Pure" title="Nora En Pure">Nora En Pure</a>, Anja Schneider, <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Gou" title="Peggy Gou">Peggy Gou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maya_Jane_Coles" title="Maya Jane Coles">Maya Jane Coles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eli_%26_Fur" title="Eli & Fur">Eli & Fur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>American DJ <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Madonna" class="mw-redirect" title="The Black Madonna">The Blessed Madonna</a> has been called "one of the world's most exciting turntablists".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her stage name is a tribute to her mother's favorite Catholic saint, <a href="/wiki/Black_Madonna" title="Black Madonna">Black Madonna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, The Blessed Madonna played herself as an in-residence DJ for the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_Online" title="Grand Theft Auto Online">Grand Theft Auto Online</a></i>, as part of the <i>After Hours</i> <a href="/wiki/Downloadable_content" title="Downloadable content">DLC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are various projects dedicated to the promotion and support of these practices such as Female DJs London.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some artists and collectives go beyond these practices to be more gender inclusive.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Discwoman" title="Discwoman">Discwoman</a>, a New York-based collective and booking agency, describe themselves as "representing and showcasing cis women, trans women and genderqueer  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] talent."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Japan, the newest <a href="/wiki/Bushiroad" title="Bushiroad">Bushiroad</a> franchise: <i><a href="/wiki/D4DJ" title="D4DJ">D4DJ</a></i> focuses on an all-women DJ unit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DJs use equipment that enables them to play multiple sources of recorded music and mix them to create seamless transitions and unique arrangements of songs. An important tool for DJs is the specialized <a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixer</a>, a small <a href="/wiki/Audio_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio console">audio mixer</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Crossfader" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossfader">crossfader</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cue_(audio)" title="Cue (audio)">cue</a> functions. The crossfader enables the DJ to blend or transition from one song to another. The cue knobs or switches allow the DJ to "listen" to a source of recorded music in <a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">headphones</a> before playing it for the live club or broadcast audience. Previewing the music in headphones helps the DJ pick the next track they want to play, <a href="/wiki/Cue_(audio)" title="Cue (audio)">cue up</a> the track to the desired starting location, and align the two tracks' beats in traditional situations where auto-sync technology is not being used. This process ensures that the selected song will mix well with the currently playing music. DJs may <a href="/wiki/Beatmatching" title="Beatmatching">align the beats</a> of the music sources so their rhythms do not clash when they are played together to help create a smooth transition from one song to another. Other equipment may include a <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">effects units</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverb">reverb</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_musical_instrument" title="Electronic musical instrument">electronic musical instruments</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">drum machines</a> and synthesizers. </p><p>As music technology has progressed, DJs have adopted different types of equipment to play and mix music, all of which are still commonly used. Traditionally, DJs used two <a href="/wiki/Turntable" class="mw-redirect" title="Turntable">turntables</a> plugged into a <a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixer</a> to mix music on vinyl records. As compact discs became popular media for publishing music, specialized high-quality CD players known as <a href="/wiki/CDJ" title="CDJ">CDJs</a> were developed for DJs. CDJs can take the place of turntables or be used together with turntables. Many CDJs can now play digital music files from <a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drives</a> or <a href="/wiki/Secure_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital">SD cards</a> in addition to CDs. With the spread of portable laptops, <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> computers, DJs began using software together with specialized <a href="/wiki/Sound_card" title="Sound card">sound cards</a> and <a href="/wiki/DJ_controller" title="DJ controller">DJ controller</a> hardware. DJ software can be used in conjunction with a hardware DJ mixer or be used instead of a hardware mixer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turntables">Turntables</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Turntables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spooky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Spooky.jpg/170px-Spooky.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Spooky.jpg/255px-Spooky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Spooky.jpg/340px-Spooky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/DJ_Spooky" title="DJ Spooky">DJ Spooky</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival" title="Sundance Film Festival">Sundance Film Festival</a> in 2003, using two <a href="/wiki/Technics_SL-1200" title="Technics SL-1200">Technics SL-1200</a> turntables and a DJ mixer</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Turntable" class="mw-redirect" title="Turntable">Turntables</a> allow DJs to play vinyl records. By adjusting the playback speed of the turntable, either by adjusting the speed knob or by manipulating the platter (e.g., by slowing down the platter by putting a finger gently along the side), DJs can match the <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempos</a> of different records so their rhythms can be played together at the same time without clashing or make a smooth, seamless transition from one song to another. This technique is known as <a href="/wiki/Beatmatching" title="Beatmatching">beatmatching</a>. DJs typically replace the rubber mat on turntables that keep the record moving in sync with the turntable with a <a href="/wiki/Slipmat" title="Slipmat">slipmat</a> that facilitates manipulating the playback of the record by hand. With the slipmat, the DJ can stop or slow down the record while the turntable is still spinning. <a href="/wiki/Direct-drive_turntable" title="Direct-drive turntable">Direct-drive turntables</a> are the type preferred by DJs. Belt-drive turntables are less expensive, but they are not suitable for turntablism and DJing, because the belt-drive motor can be damaged by this type of manipulation. Some DJs, most commonly those who play <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> music, go beyond merely mixing records and use turntables as musical instruments for <a href="/wiki/Scratching" title="Scratching">scratching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beat_juggling" title="Beat juggling">beat juggling</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">turntablism</a> techniques. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CDJs/media_players"><span id="CDJs.2Fmedia_players"></span>CDJs/media players</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: CDJs/media players"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/CDJ" title="CDJ">CDJ</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/CDJ" title="CDJ">CDJs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Portable_media_player" title="Portable media player">media players</a> are high-quality digital media players made for DJing. They often have large jog wheels and <a href="/wiki/Pitch_control" title="Pitch control">pitch controls</a> to allow DJs to manipulate the playback of digital files for <a href="/wiki/Beatmatching" title="Beatmatching">beatmatching</a> similar to how DJs manipulate vinyl records on turntables. CDJs often have features such as loops and waveform displays similar to DJ software. Originally designed to play music from compact discs, they now can play digital music files stored on <a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secure_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital">SD cards</a>. Some CDJs can also connect to a computer running DJ software to act as a <a href="/wiki/DJ_controller" title="DJ controller">DJ controller</a>. Modern media players have the ability to stream music from online music providers such as Beatport, Beatsource, Tidal and SoundCloud GO.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DJ_mixers">DJ mixers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: DJ mixers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixer</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DJ_Mixer.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/DJ_Mixer.JPG/170px-DJ_Mixer.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/DJ_Mixer.JPG/255px-DJ_Mixer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/DJ_Mixer.JPG/340px-DJ_Mixer.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="2867" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Numark_(DJ_equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Numark (DJ equipment)">Numark</a> DM2002X Pro Master DJ mixer. This three-channel mixer can have up to three input sound sources. The <a href="/wiki/Gain_(electronics)" title="Gain (electronics)">gain</a> control knobs and <a href="/wiki/Equalization_(audio)" title="Equalization (audio)">equalization</a> control knobs allow the volume and tone of each sound source to be adjusted. The vertical faders allow for further adjustment of the volume of each sound source. The horizontally-mounted <a href="/wiki/Crossfader_(audio_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossfader (audio engineering)">crossfader</a> enables the DJ to smoothly transition from a song on one sound source to a song from a different sound source.</figcaption></figure> <p>DJ mixers are small audio <a href="/wiki/Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">mixing consoles</a> specialized for DJing. Most DJ mixers have far fewer channels than a mixer used by a record producer or <a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">audio engineer</a>; whereas standard live sound mixers in small venues have 12 to 24 channels, and standard recording studio mixers have even more (as many as 72 on large boards), basic DJ mixers may have only two channels. While DJ mixers have many of the same features found on larger mixers (faders, equalization knobs, gain knobs, <a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">effects units</a>, etc.), DJ mixers have a feature that is usually only found on DJ mixers: the <a href="/wiki/Crossfader" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossfader">crossfader</a>. The crossfader is a type of fader that is mounted horizontally. DJs used the crossfader to mix two or more sound sources. The midpoint of the crossfader's travel is a 50/50 mix of the two channels (on a two-channel mixer). The far left side of the crossfader provides only the channel A sound source. The far right side provides only the channel B sound source (e.g., record player number 2). Positions in between the two extremes provide different mixes of the two channels. Some DJs use a computer with DJ software and a <a href="/wiki/DJ_controller" title="DJ controller">DJ controller</a> instead of an analog DJ mixer to mix music, although DJ software can be used in conjunction with a hardware DJ mixer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Headphones">Headphones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Headphones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">Headphones</a></div> <p>DJs generally use higher-quality headphones than those designed for music consumers. DJ headphones have other properties useful for DJs, such as designs that acoustically isolate the sounds of the headphones from the outside environment (hard shell headphones), flexible headbands and pivot joints to allow DJs to listen to one side of the headphones while turning the other headphone away (so they can monitor the mix in the club), and replaceable cables. Replaceable cables enable DJs to buy new cables if a cable becomes frayed, worn, or damaged, or if a cable is accidentally cut. </p><p>Closed-back headphones are highly recommended for DJs to block outside noise as the environment of DJ usually tends to be very noisy. Standard headphones have a 3.5mm jack but DJ equipment usually requires ¼ inch jack. Most specialized DJ Headphones have an adapter to switch between a 3.5mm jack and ¼ inch jack. Detachable coiled cables are perfect for DJ Headphones.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software">Software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Split plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/50px-Split-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/75px-Split-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/100px-Split-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this article be <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">split</a></b> into a new article titled <i><a href="/wiki/DJ_software" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ software">DJ software</a></i>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Disc_jockey" title="Talk:Disc jockey">discuss</a>) <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_music_software#DJ_software" title="List of music software">List of music software § DJ software</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mixxx-1.11.0-Deere.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Mixxx-1.11.0-Deere.png/220px-Mixxx-1.11.0-Deere.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Mixxx-1.11.0-Deere.png/330px-Mixxx-1.11.0-Deere.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Mixxx-1.11.0-Deere.png/440px-Mixxx-1.11.0-Deere.png 2x" data-file-width="1442" data-file-height="824" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Screenshot" title="Screenshot">screenshot</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mixxx" title="Mixxx">Mixxx</a> DJ software running on <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a></figcaption></figure> <p>DJs have changed their equipment as new technologies are introduced. The earliest DJs in pop music, in 1970s discos, used <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">record turntables</a>, vinyl records and <a href="/wiki/Audio_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio console">audio consoles</a>. In the 1970s, DJs would have to lug heavy direct-drive turntables and crates of records to clubs and shows. In the 1980s, many DJs transitioned to <a href="/wiki/Compact_cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact cassette">compact cassettes</a>. In the 1990s and 2000s, many DJs switched to using <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a> such as CDs and <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> files. As technological advances made it practical to store large collections of digital music files on a laptop computer, DJ software was developed so DJs could use a laptop as a source of music instead of transporting CDs or vinyl records to gigs. Unlike most <a href="/wiki/Media_player_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Media player (software)">music player software</a> designed for <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">regular consumers</a>, DJ software can play at least two audio files simultaneously, display the <a href="/wiki/Waveform" title="Waveform">waveforms</a> of the files on screen and enable the DJ to listen to either source. </p><p>The waveforms allow the DJ to see what is coming next in the music and how the playback of different files is aligned. The software analyzes music files to identify their tempo and where the beats are. The analyzed information can be used by the DJ to help manually <a href="/wiki/Beatmatch" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatmatch">beatmatch</a> like with vinyl records or the software can automatically synchronize the beats. <a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_processing" title="Digital signal processing">Digital signal processing</a> algorithms in software allow DJs to adjust the <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a> of recordings independently of their <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a> (and musical <a href="/wiki/Key_(music)" title="Key (music)">key</a>, a feature known as "keylock". Some software analyzes the loudness of the music for automatic normalization with <a href="/wiki/ReplayGain" title="ReplayGain">ReplayGain</a> and detects the musical key. Additionally, DJ software can store cue points, set loops, and apply <a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">effects</a>. </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> became widespread, DJ software was written to run on these devices in addition to laptops. DJ software requires specialized hardware in addition to a computer to fully take advantage of its features. The consumer-grade, regular <a href="/wiki/Sound_card" title="Sound card">sound card</a> integrated into most computer motherboards can only output two channels (one stereo pair). However, DJs need to be able to output at least four channels (two stereo pairs, thus Left and Right for input 1 and Left and Right for input 2), either unmixed signals to send to a DJ mixer or the main output plus a headphone output. Additionally, DJ sound cards output higher-quality signals than the sound cards built into consumer-grade computer motherboards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timecode">Timecode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Timecode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Special vinyl records (or CDs/digital files played with <a href="/wiki/CDJ" title="CDJ">CDJs</a>) can be used with DJ software to play digital music files with DJ software as if they were pressed onto vinyl, allowing <a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">turntablism</a> techniques to be used with digital files. These vinyl records do not have music recordings pressed onto them. Instead, they are pressed with a special signal, referred to as "timecode", to control DJ software. The DJ software interprets changes in the playback speed, direction, and position of the timecode signal and manipulates the digital files it is playing in the same way that the turntable manipulates the timecode record. </p><p>This requires a specialized DJ <a href="/wiki/Sound_card" title="Sound card">sound card</a> with at least 4 channels (2 stereo pairs) of inputs and outputs. With this setup, the DJ software typically outputs unmixed signals from the music files to an external hardware <a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixer</a>. Some DJ mixers have integrated <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> sound cards that allow DJ software to connect directly to the mixer without requiring a separate sound card. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DJ_controllers">DJ controllers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: DJ controllers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/DJ_controller" title="DJ controller">DJ controller</a></div> <p>A DJ software can be used to mix audio files on the computer instead of a separate hardware mixer. When mixing on a computer, DJs often use a <a href="/wiki/DJ_controller" title="DJ controller">DJ controller</a> device that mimics the layout of two turntables plus a DJ mixer to control the software rather than the <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">computer keyboard</a> & <a href="/wiki/Touchpad" title="Touchpad">touchpad</a> on a laptop, or the <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a>. Many DJ controllers have an integrated <a href="/wiki/Sound_card" title="Sound card">sound card</a> with 4 output channels (2 stereo pairs) that allow the DJ to use headphones to preview music before playing it on the main output.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_equipment">Other equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a>, so that the DJ can introduce songs and speak to the audience over the sound system.</li> <li>Electronic <a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">effects units</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Delay_(audio_effect)" title="Delay (audio effect)">delay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverb">reverb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equalization_(audio)" title="Equalization (audio)">equalizer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chorus_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorus effect">chorus</a>, etc.</li> <li>Multi-stylus head shells, which allow a DJ to play different grooves of the same record at the same time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)" title="Sampler (musical instrument)">Samplers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">sequencers</a>, electronic musical keyboards (synthesizers), effects pedals (effects unit) or <a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">drum machines</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PA_system" class="mw-redirect" title="PA system">PA system</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sound_reinforcement_system" title="Sound reinforcement system">sound reinforcement system</a> (<a href="/wiki/Power_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Power amplifier">power amplifiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Speaker_enclosure" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker enclosure">speaker enclosures</a>), typically including <a href="/wiki/Subwoofer" title="Subwoofer">subwoofer</a> cabinets for deep bass (or, if a DJ is broadcasting and/or recording a set, broadcasting equipment or recording gear)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldback_(sound_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foldback (sound engineering)">Monitor speakers</a>, for listening to the "house mix" that is playing over the main speakers</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Techniques">Techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_wizzard_theodore.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Grand_wizzard_theodore.JPG/220px-Grand_wizzard_theodore.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Grand_wizzard_theodore.JPG/330px-Grand_wizzard_theodore.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Grand_wizzard_theodore.JPG/440px-Grand_wizzard_theodore.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>In the early 1970s in the South Bronx <a href="/wiki/Grand_Wizzard_Theodore" title="Grand Wizzard Theodore">Grand Wizzard Theodore</a> invented the "DJ scratch" technique, here he is doing his famous "needle drop" at the Experience Music Project in Seattle 2002</figcaption></figure> <p>Several techniques are used by DJs as a means to better mix and blend recorded music. These techniques primarily include the <a href="/wiki/Cue_(audio)" title="Cue (audio)">cueing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equalization_(audio)" title="Equalization (audio)">equalization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music)" title="Audio mixing (recorded music)">audio mixing</a> of two or more sound sources. The complexity and frequency of special techniques depend largely on the setting in which a DJ is working. Radio DJs are less likely to focus on advanced music-mixing procedures than club DJs, who rely on a smooth transition between songs using a range of techniques. However, some radio DJs are experienced club DJs, so they use the same sophisticated mixing techniques. </p><p>Club DJ turntable techniques include <a href="/wiki/Beatmatching" title="Beatmatching">beatmatching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phrasing_(DJ)" title="Phrasing (DJ)">phrasing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slip-cueing" title="Slip-cueing">slip-cueing</a> to preserve energy on a dance floor. <a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a> embodies the art of cutting, <a href="/wiki/Beat_juggling" title="Beat juggling">beat juggling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scratching" title="Scratching">scratching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Needle_drop_(DJing)" title="Needle drop (DJing)">needle drops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phase_shifting" class="mw-redirect" title="Phase shifting">phase shifting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Back_spinning" title="Back spinning">back spinning</a> and more to perform the transitions and overdubs of <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">samples</a> in a more creative manner (although turntablism is often considered a use of the turntable as a <a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">musical instrument</a> rather than a tool for blending recorded music). Professional DJs may use <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_mixing" title="Harmonic mixing">harmonic mixing</a> to choose songs that are in compatible musical keys.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other techniques include <a href="/wiki/Chopping_(sampling_technique)" title="Chopping (sampling technique)">chopping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">screwing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loop_(music)" title="Loop (music)">looping</a>. </p><p>Recent advances in technology in both DJ hardware and software can provide assisted or automatic completion of some traditional DJ techniques and skills. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Phrasing_(DJ)" title="Phrasing (DJ)">phrasing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beatmatching" title="Beatmatching">beatmatching</a>, which can be partially or completely automated by using DJ software that performs automatic <a href="/wiki/Synchronization" title="Synchronization">synchronization</a> of sound recordings, a feature commonly labelled "sync". Most <a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixers</a> now include a beat counter which analyzes the tempo of an incoming sound source and displays its tempo in <a href="/wiki/Beats_per_minute" class="mw-redirect" title="Beats per minute">beats per minute</a> (BPM), which may assist with beatmatching analog sound sources. </p><p>In the past, being a DJ has largely been a self-taught craft but with the complexities of new technologies and the convergence with music production methods, there are a growing number of schools and organizations that offer instruction on the techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miming">Miming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Miming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In DJ culture, <a href="/wiki/Miming_in_instrumental_performance" title="Miming in instrumental performance">miming</a> refers to the practice of DJ's pantomiming the actions of live-mixing a set on stage while a pre-recorded mix plays over the sound system.<sup id="cite_ref-Fonarow2006_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fonarow2006-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kriel2013_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kriel2013-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miming mixing in a live performance is considered to be controversial within DJ culture.<sup id="cite_ref-iDJ_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iDJ-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some within the DJ community say that miming is increasingly used as a technique by celebrity model DJs who may lack mixing skills, but can draw big crowds to a venue.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a DJ tour for the release of the French group <a href="/wiki/Justice_(band)" title="Justice (band)">Justice</a>'s <i>A Cross the Universe</i> in November 2008, controversy arose when a photograph of Augé DJing with an unplugged <a href="/wiki/Akai" title="Akai">Akai</a> MPD24 surfaced. The photograph sparked accusations that Justice's live sets were faked. Augé has since said that the equipment was unplugged very briefly before being reattached and the band put a three-photo set of the incident on their MySpace page.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a 2013 <a href="/wiki/Disclosure_(duo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Disclosure (duo)">Disclosure</a> concert, the duo was criticized for pretending to live mix to a playback of a pre-recorded track. Disclosure's Guy Lawrence said they did not deliberately intend to mislead their audience, and cited miming by other DJs such as <a href="/wiki/David_Guetta" title="David Guetta">David Guetta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Billboard_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Billboard-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the history of club DJs, see <a href="/wiki/History_of_DJing" title="History of DJing">History of DJing</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the history of radio DJs, see <a href="/wiki/History_of_radio_disc_jockeys" title="History of radio disc jockeys">History of radio disc jockeys</a>.</div> <p>Playing recorded music for dancing and parties rose with the mass marketing of home <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonographs</a> in the late 19th century. </p><p>British radio disc jockey <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Savile" title="Jimmy Savile">Jimmy Savile</a> hosted his first live dance party in 1943 using a single turntable and a makeshift sound system. Four years later, Savile began using two turntables welded together to form a single DJ console.<sup id="cite_ref-CrisellWhite2009_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrisellWhite2009-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, the Whisky à Gogo opened in Paris as the first <a href="/wiki/Discotheque" class="mw-redirect" title="Discotheque">discotheque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UF_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UF-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, one of the first discos in Germany, the <a href="/wiki/Scotch_Club" title="Scotch Club">Scotch Club</a>, opened in <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> and visiting journalist Klaus Quirini (later DJ Heinrich) made comments, conducted audience games, and announced songs while playing records. The first song he played was the hit <i>Ein Schiff wird kommen</i> by <a href="/wiki/Lale_Andersen" title="Lale Andersen">Lale Andersen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1st_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1st-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dj1_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dj1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Bozak" title="Rudy Bozak">Rudy Bozak</a> began making the first <a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixers</a>, mixing consoles specialized for DJing. In the late 1960s to early 1970s <a href="/wiki/Sound_system_(Jamaican)" title="Sound system (Jamaican)">Jamaican sound system</a> culture, producer and sound system operator (DJ), (Jamaican) <a href="/wiki/King_Tubby" title="King Tubby">King Tubby</a> and producer <a href="/wiki/Lee_%22Scratch%22_Perry" title="Lee "Scratch" Perry">Lee "Scratch" Perry</a> were pioneers of the genre known as <a href="/wiki/Dub_music" title="Dub music">dub music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-veal_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veal-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cambridge20_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge20-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They experimented with <a href="/wiki/Tape_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Tape music">tape-based composition</a>; emphasized repetitive rhythmic structures (often stripped of their harmonic elements); electronically manipulated spatiality; sonically manipulated pre-recorded musical materials from mass media;<sup id="cite_ref-veal_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veal-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Remix" title="Remix">remixed</a> music among other innovative techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge20_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge20-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is widely known that the Jamaican dancehall culture has had and continues to have a significant impact on the American hip hop culture.<sup id="cite_ref-veal_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veal-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cambridge20_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge20-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vintage_DJ_Station_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vintage_DJ_Station_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/220px-Vintage_DJ_Station_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vintage_DJ_Station_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/330px-Vintage_DJ_Station_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vintage_DJ_Station_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/440px-Vintage_DJ_Station_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5232" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Vintage DJ Station. A <a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixer</a> is placed between the two turntables.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pioneer_DDJ-RX_DJ-Controller_(front)_with_computer_running_mixing_software_Rekordbox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pioneer_DDJ-RX_DJ-Controller_%28front%29_with_computer_running_mixing_software_Rekordbox.jpg/220px-Pioneer_DDJ-RX_DJ-Controller_%28front%29_with_computer_running_mixing_software_Rekordbox.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pioneer_DDJ-RX_DJ-Controller_%28front%29_with_computer_running_mixing_software_Rekordbox.jpg/330px-Pioneer_DDJ-RX_DJ-Controller_%28front%29_with_computer_running_mixing_software_Rekordbox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pioneer_DDJ-RX_DJ-Controller_%28front%29_with_computer_running_mixing_software_Rekordbox.jpg/440px-Pioneer_DDJ-RX_DJ-Controller_%28front%29_with_computer_running_mixing_software_Rekordbox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_DJ" title="Pioneer DJ">Pioneer DDJ-RX</a> controller with the mixing software rekordbox running on a computer. The physical setup (two "discs" as primary tools, mixing controls mainly in the middle) of this digital DJ workplace strongly resembles the style of the old analog DJ set above, as the latter was standard and "<a href="/wiki/Best_practice" title="Best practice">best practice</a>".</figcaption></figure> <p>DJ <a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">turntablism</a> has origins in the invention of <a href="/wiki/Direct-drive_turntable" title="Direct-drive turntable">direct-drive turntables</a>. Early <a href="/wiki/Belt-drive_turntable" title="Belt-drive turntable">belt-drive turntables</a> were unsuitable for turntablism and mixing, since they had a slow start-up time, and they were prone to wear-and-tear and breakage, as the belt would break from backspinning or scratching.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first direct-drive turntable was invented by engineer Shuichi Obata at <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Matsushita</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It eliminated belts, and instead employed a motor to directly drive a platter on which a vinyl record rests.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969, Matsushita released it as the <a href="/wiki/Technics_(brand)" title="Technics (brand)">SP-10</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first direct-drive turntable on the market,<sup id="cite_ref-reverb_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reverb-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first in their influential <a href="/wiki/Technics_(brand)" title="Technics (brand)">Technics</a> series of turntables.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, Technics started making their <a href="/wiki/Technics_SL-1200" title="Technics SL-1200">SL-1200 turntable</a>, featuring high torque <a href="/wiki/Direct-drive_turntable" title="Direct-drive turntable">direct drive</a> design.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SL-1200 had a rapid start and its durable direct drive enabled DJs to manipulate the platter, as with scratching techniques. <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">Hip hop</a> DJs began using the Technics SL-1200s as musical instruments to manipulate records with <a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">turntablism</a> techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Scratching" title="Scratching">scratching</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beat_juggling" title="Beat juggling">beat juggling</a> rather than merely mixing records. These techniques were developed in the 1970s by <a href="/wiki/DJ_Kool_Herc" title="DJ Kool Herc">DJ Kool Herc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Wizard_Theodore" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Wizard Theodore">Grand Wizard Theodore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Bambaataa" title="Afrika Bambaataa">Afrika Bambaataa</a>, as they experimented with Technics direct-drive decks, finding that the motor would continue to spin at the correct <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute" title="Revolutions per minute">RPM</a> even if the DJ wiggled the record back and forth on the platter.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1980, Japanese company <a href="/wiki/Roland_Corporation" title="Roland Corporation">Roland</a> released the <a href="/wiki/Roland_TR-808" title="Roland TR-808">TR-808</a>, an analog <a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">rhythm/drum machine</a>, which has unique artificial sounds, such as its booming <a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">bass</a> and sharp <a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">snare</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Metronome" title="Metronome">metronome</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra">Yellow Magic Orchestra</a>'s use of the instrument in 1980 influenced hip hop pioneer Afrika Bambaataa, after which the TR-808 would be widely adopted by hip hop DJs, with 808 sounds remaining central to hip-hop music ever since.<sup id="cite_ref-kulkarni_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kulkarni-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-808film_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-808film-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Roland_TB-303" title="Roland TB-303">Roland TB-303</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bass_synthesizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass synthesizer">bass synthesizer</a> released in 1981, had a similar impact on <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a> genres such as <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house music</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kulkarni_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kulkarni-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with Roland's TR-808<sup id="cite_ref-808film_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-808film-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/TR-909" class="mw-redirect" title="TR-909">TR-909</a> drum machines.<sup id="cite_ref-complex_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-complex-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mixmag_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mixmag-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1982, the <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">Compact Disc</a> (CD) format was released, popularizing <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a>. In 1998, the first MP3 digital audio player, the Eiger Labs MPMan F10, was introduced. In January of that same year at the <a href="/wiki/BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a> Developer Conference, N2IT demonstrated FinalScratch, the first digital DJ system to allow DJs control of MP3 files through special time-coded vinyl records or CDs.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it would take some time for this novel concept to catch on with the "die-hard Vinyl DJs", this would become the first step in the Digital DJ revolution. Manufacturers joined with computer DJing pioneers to offer professional endorsements, the first being Professor Jam (a.k.a. William P. Rader), who went on to develop the industry's first dedicated computer DJ convention and learning program, the "CPS (Computerized Performance System) DJ Summit", to help spread the word about the advantages of this emerging technology. </p><p>In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_DJ" title="Pioneer DJ">Pioneer DJ</a> began producing the <a href="/wiki/CDJ#CDJ-1000" title="CDJ">CDJ-1000</a> <a href="/wiki/CD_player" title="CD player">CD player</a>, making the use of digital music recordings with traditional DJ techniques practical for the first time. As the 2000s progressed, laptop computers became more powerful and affordable. <a href="#Software">DJ software</a>, specialized DJ <a href="/wiki/Sound_card" title="Sound card">sound cards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/DJ_controller" title="DJ controller">DJ controllers</a> were developed for DJs to use laptops as a source of music rather than turntables or CDJs. In the 2010s, like laptops before them, <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> became more powerful & affordable. DJ software was written to run on these more portable devices instead of laptops, although laptops remain the more common type of computer for DJing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_concerns">Health concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Health concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_problems_of_musicians" title="Health problems of musicians">Health problems of musicians</a></div> <p>The risk of DJs working in nightclubs with <a href="/wiki/Loud_music" title="Loud music">loud music</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Noise-induced_hearing_loss" title="Noise-induced hearing loss">noise-induced hearing loss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">tinnitus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nightclubs constantly exceed safe levels of noise exposure with average sound levels ranging from 93.2 to 109.7 dB.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Constant music exposure creates temporary and permanent auditory dysfunction for professional DJs with average levels at 96dB being above the recommended level, at which <a href="/wiki/Hearing_protection_device" title="Hearing protection device">ear protection</a> is mandatory for industry. Three-quarters of DJs have tinnitus<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are at risk of <a href="/wiki/Tenosynovitis" title="Tenosynovitis">tenosynovitis</a> in the wrists and other limbs. Tenosynovitis results from staying in the same position over multiple gigs for scratching motion and cueing, this would be related to a <a href="/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury" title="Repetitive strain injury">repetitive strain injury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gigs can last 4-5 hours in the <a href="/wiki/Nightlife" title="Nightlife">nightlife</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">hospitality industry</a>, as a result, there are potential <a href="/wiki/Complications_of_prolonged_standing" title="Complications of prolonged standing">complications of prolonged standing</a> which include slouching, varicose veins, cardiovascular disorders, joint compression, and muscle fatigue.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is common for other staff to experience as well including bartenders and security staff for example. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_film">In film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: In film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Calling" title="Berlin Calling">Berlin Calling</a></i> – a German film about fictional DJ and producer Ickarus (<a href="/wiki/Paul_Kalkbrenner" title="Paul Kalkbrenner">Paul Kalkbrenner</a>), who is struggling with drug abuse</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Speaking_in_Code" title="Speaking in Code">Speaking in Code</a></i> – an American documentary film about <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a> artists <a href="/wiki/Modeselektor" title="Modeselektor">Modeselektor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wighnomy_Brothers" title="Wighnomy Brothers">Wighnomy Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sherburne" title="Philip Sherburne">Philip Sherburne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monolake" title="Monolake">Monolake</a> and David Day</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kvadrat_(film)" title="Kvadrat (film)">Kvadrat</a></i> – a French and Russian documentary film about the realities of <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a> DJing, using the example of DJ Andrey Pushkarev</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_All_Gone_Pete_Tong" title="It's All Gone Pete Tong">It's All Gone Pete Tong</a></i> – a fictional <a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">mockumentary</a> British movie about Frankie Wilde, a DJ who gradually becomes deaf due to drug abuse and an unhealthy lifestyle</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Your_Friends_(film)" title="We Are Your Friends (film)">We Are Your Friends</a></i> – an American fiction film about a college DJ trying to make it in the DJing scene with "one hit song", starring <a href="/wiki/Zac_Efron" title="Zac Efron">Zac Efron</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scratch_(2001_film)" title="Scratch (2001 film)">Scratch</a></i> – a documentary about the hip-hop DJ and the 2000-era turntablist movement</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tonkatsu_DJ_Agetarou" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonkatsu DJ Agetarou">Tonkatsu DJ Agetarou</a></i> – a Japanese anime, originally a manga, about a fictional character named Agetarou who aspires to be a DJ master with the help of his friends and mentor, Big Master Fry.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/24_Hour_Party_People" title="24 Hour Party People">24 Hour Party People</a></i> – about the UK music scene from the late 1970s to the "<a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a>" scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Human_Traffic" title="Human Traffic">Human Traffic</a> –</i> about early UK rave counter-culture featuring music and performances by celebrated DJs Fatboy Slim, CJ Bolland, Carl Cox, and Mad Doctor X.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turn_Up_Charlie" title="Turn Up Charlie">Turn Up Charlie</a></i> – a 2019 series about a struggling DJ, played by <a href="/wiki/Idris_Elba" title="Idris Elba">Idris Elba</a>, who is also a bachelor trying to make it again after a one-hit back in the 1990s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_(2021_film)" title="Spin (2021 film)">Spin</a> - a 2021 Disney Channel Original Movie about an Indian-American teen who gets he love for DJ'ing from Max, an English Transfer Student</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avicii:_True_Stories" title="Avicii: True Stories">Avicii: True Stories</a></i> – a documentary film about <a href="/wiki/Avicii" title="Avicii">Avicii</a>, a Swedish producer and DJ who was popular in the early to mid 2010s</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_DJ_licensing" title="Digital DJ licensing">Digital DJ licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_club_DJs" title="List of club DJs">List of club DJs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_software#DJ_software" title="List of music software">List of music software#DJ software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_PA" title="Live PA">Live PA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DJ_mix" title="DJ mix">DJ mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_collecting" title="Record collecting">Record collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_of_disc" title="Spelling of disc">Spelling of disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_lighting" title="Stage lighting">Stage lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VJ_(media_personality)" class="mw-redirect" title="VJ (media personality)">VJ (media personality)</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wearecrossfader.co.uk/blog/learn-to-dj-the-complete-beginners-guide/">"What is a DJ?"</a>. <i>We Are Crossfader – Learn How To DJ Online</i>. 12 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4591921">"Evidence of Health Risks Associated with Prolonged Standing at Work and Intervention Effectiveness"</a>. <i>Rehabilitation Nursing</i>. <b>40</b> (3): 148–165. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Frnj.166">10.1002/rnj.166</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4591921">4591921</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25041875">25041875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rehabilitation+Nursing&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+Health+Risks+Associated+with+Prolonged+Standing+at+Work+and+Intervention+Effectiveness&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=148-165&rft.date=2015-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4591921%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25041875&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Frnj.166&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&rft.au=Dick%2C+Robert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4591921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisc+jockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahkKimJung-ChoiJung2012" class="citation journal cs1">Bahk, Jin Wook; Kim, Hyunjoo; Jung-Choi, Kyunghee; Jung, Myung-Chul; Lee, Inseok (February 2012). "Relationship between prolonged standing and symptoms of varicose veins and nocturnal leg cramps among women and men". <i>Ergonomics</i>. <b>55</b> (2): 133–139. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00140139.2011.582957">10.1080/00140139.2011.582957</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21846281">21846281</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6791057">6791057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+prolonged+standing+and+symptoms+of+varicose+veins+and+nocturnal+leg+cramps+among+women+and+men&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=133-139&rft.date=2012-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6791057%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21846281&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00140139.2011.582957&rft.aulast=Bahk&rft.aufirst=Jin+Wook&rft.au=Kim%2C+Hyunjoo&rft.au=Jung-Choi%2C+Kyunghee&rft.au=Jung%2C+Myung-Chul&rft.au=Lee%2C+Inseok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisc+jockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Assef, Claudia (2000). <i>Todo DJ Já Sambou: A História do Disc-Jóquei no Brasil</i>. São Paulo: Conrad Editora do Brasil. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/85-87193-94-5" title="Special:BookSources/85-87193-94-5">85-87193-94-5</a>.</li> <li>Brewster, Bill, and Frank Broughton (2000). <i>Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey</i>. New York: Grove Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-3688-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-3688-5">0-8021-3688-5</a> (North American edition). London: Headline. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7472-6230-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7472-6230-6">0-7472-6230-6</a> (UK edition).</li> <li>Broughton, Frank, and Bill Brewster. <i>How to DJ Right: The Art and Science of Playing Records</i>. New York: Grove Press, 2003.</li> <li>Graudins, Charles A. <i>How to Be a DJ</i>. Boston: Course Technology PTR, 2004.</li> <li>Lawrence, Tim (2004). <i>Love Saves the Day: A History of American Dance Music Culture, 1970–1979 </i>. Duke University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-3198-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-3198-5">0-8223-3198-5</a>.</li> <li>Miller, Paul D. a.k.a. DJ Spooky, <i>Sound Unbound: Writings on DJ Culture and Electronic Music</i>, MIT Press 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-63363-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-63363-9">0-262-63363-9</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-63363-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-63363-5">978-0-262-63363-5</a>.</li> <li>Poschardt, Ulf (1998). <i>DJ Culture</i>. London: Quartet Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7043-8098-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7043-8098-6">0-7043-8098-6</a>.</li> <li>Zemon, Stacy. <i>The Mobile DJ Handbook: How to Start & Run a Profitable Mobile Disc Jockey Service</i>, Second Edition. St. Louis: Focal Press, 2002.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disc_jockey&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DJing" title="Template:DJing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DJing" title="Template talk:DJing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DJing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DJing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="DJing_and_turntablism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DJing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">turntablism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDJ" title="CDJ">CDJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DJ_software" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ software">DJ software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">Drum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">Effects unit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverb">Reverb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_delay" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital delay">Digital delay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">Headphones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_cartridge" title="Magnetic cartridge">Magnetic cartridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">Mixing console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldback_(sound_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foldback (sound engineering)">Monitor speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phono_input" title="Phono input">Phono input</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PA_system" class="mw-redirect" title="PA system">PA system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">Record player</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct-drive_turntable" title="Direct-drive turntable">Direct-drive turntable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SL-1200" class="mw-redirect" title="SL-1200">SL-1200</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">Laptop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Beaulieau" title="Emil Beaulieau">Minutoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldback_(sound_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foldback (sound engineering)">Monitor speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_control" title="Pitch control">Pitch control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampler_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampler (music)">Sampler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipmat" title="Slipmat">Slipmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_system_(DJ)" title="Sound system (DJ)">Sound system (DJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_system_(Jamaican)" title="Sound system (Jamaican)">Sound system (Jamaican)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_enclosure" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker enclosure">Speaker enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subwoofer" title="Subwoofer">Subwoofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_turntables_and_a_microphone" title="Two turntables and a microphone">Two turntables and a microphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_emulation_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl emulation software">Vinyl emulation software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing_(live_audio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio mixing (live audio)">Audio mixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_spinning" title="Back spinning">Back spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_juggling" title="Beat juggling">Beat juggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatmatching" title="Beatmatching">Beatmatching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatmixing" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatmixing">Beatmixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_(music)" title="Break (music)">Break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">Chopped and screwed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_(sampling_technique)" title="Chopping (sampling technique)">Chopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">Covered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_(audio)" title="Cue (audio)">Cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_(music)" title="Cut (music)">Cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_(music)" title="Drop (music)">Drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_mixing" title="Harmonic mixing">Harmonic mixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpolation_(popular_music)" title="Interpolation (popular music)">Interpolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(music)" title="Mashup (music)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medley_(music)" title="Medley (music)">Medley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Music loop">Music loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_drop_(DJing)" title="Needle drop (DJing)">Needle drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrasing_(DJ)" title="Phrasing (DJ)">Phrasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix" title="Remix">Remix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratching" title="Scratching">Scratching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip-cueing" title="Slip-cueing">Slip-cueing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_cue" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitch cue">Pitch cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice-tracking" title="Voice-tracking">Voice-tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_scratching" title="Video scratching">Video scratching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scratches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_(scratch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbit (scratch)">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tear_(scratch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tear (scratch)">Tear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_(scratch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transform (scratch)">Transform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flare_(scratch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flare (scratch)">Flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirp_(scratch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chirp (scratch)">Chirp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_(scratch)" title="Crab (scratch)">Crab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Releases and distribution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DJ_mix" title="DJ mix">DJ mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_records" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle records">Battle records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_groove" title="Rare groove">Rare groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_pool" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital pool">Digital pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix_service" title="Remix service">Remix service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtape" title="Mixtape">Mixtape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Controllerism" title="Controllerism">Controllerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">Rave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_collecting" title="Record collecting">Record collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hip_hop" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: darkblue; color: white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hip_hop" title="Template:Hip hop"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hip_hop" title="Template talk:Hip hop"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hip_hop" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hip hop"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hip_hop" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Hip hop</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: darkblue; color: white;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakdancing" title="Breakdancing"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Breaking</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">DJing</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Graffiti</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emceeing" class="mw-redirect" title="Emceeing"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Emceeing</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatboxing" title="Beatboxing"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Beatboxing</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_rap" title="Battle rap">Battle rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion" title="Hip hop fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_activism" title="Hip hop activism">Activism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_feminism" title="Hip hop feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip_hop" title="Feminist activism in hip hop">Feminist activism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT hip hop">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_festivals" title="List of hip hop festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_theater" title="Hip-hop theater">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres" title="List of hip hop genres">Genres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five-Percent_Nation" title="Five-Percent Nation">Five-Percent Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Zulu_Nation" title="Universal Zulu Nation">Universal Zulu Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old-school_hip_hop" title="Old-school hip hop">Old-school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-school_hip_hop" title="New-school hip hop">New school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_hip_hop" title="Golden age hip hop">Golden age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_underground_scene" title="Bristol underground scene">Bristol underground scene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres" title="List of hip hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Subgenres</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres" title="List of hip hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">General</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_hip_hop" title="Alternative hip hop">Alternative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hipster_hop" title="Hipster hop">Hipster hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_bap" title="Boom bap">Boom bap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounce_music" title="Bounce music">Bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rap" title="UK rap">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_rap#Road_rap" title="UK rap">Road rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipmunk_soul" title="Chipmunk soul">Chipmunk soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">Chopped and screwed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(rap)" title="Chopper (rap)">Chopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_rap" title="Cloud rap">Cloud rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_hip_hop" title="Comedy hip hop">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunk" title="Crunk">Crunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crunkcore" title="Crunkcore">Crunkcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_hip_hop" title="East Coast hip hop">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_rap" title="Freestyle rap">Freestyle rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphy" title="Hyphy">Hyphy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerkin%27" title="Jerkin'">Jerkin'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumental_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrumental hip hop">Instrumental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rap" title="Chicano rap">Chicano rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofi_hip_hop" title="Lofi hip hop">Lofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_bass" title="Miami bass">Miami bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumble_rap" title="Mumble rap">Mumble rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerdcore" title="Nerdcore">Nerdcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chap_hop" title="Chap hop">Chap hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_hip_hop" title="Political hip hop">Political</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_hip_hop#Conscious_hip_hop" title="Political hip hop">Conscious</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rap" title="Progressive rap">Progressive rap</a></li> <li>Religious <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_hip_hop" title="Christian hip hop">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_hip_hop" title="Jewish hip hop">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_music" title="Snap music">Snap music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_hip_hop" title="Southern hip hop">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_hip_hop" title="Underground hip hop">Underground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_hip_hop" title="Hardcore hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Hardcore</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_rap" title="Dirty rap">Dirty rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangsta_rap" title="Gangsta rap">Gangsta rap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gangsta_rap#Mafioso_rap" title="Gangsta rap">Mafioso rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-funk" title="G-funk">G-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrorcore" title="Horrorcore">Horrorcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_rap" title="Memphis rap">Memphis rap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Trap_music" title="Trap music"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Trap music</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats#Afro_trap" title="Afrobeats">Afro trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill_music" title="Drill music">Drill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_drill" title="Brooklyn drill">Brooklyn drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_club#Jersey_club_rap" title="Jersey club">Jersey drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_drill#Sample_drill" title="Brooklyn drill">Sample drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_drill" title="UK drill">UK drill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Latin trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonk" title="Phonk">Phonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plugg_music" title="Plugg music">Plugg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_(music_genre)" title="Rage (music genre)">Rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_on_Dying#Tread_style" title="Working on Dying">Tread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rap#Trap_scene" title="UK rap">UK trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres#Fusion_genres" title="List of hip hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Fusion genres</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres#Fusion_genres" title="List of hip hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">General</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_rap" title="Country rap">Country rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo_rap" title="Emo rap">Emo rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_soul" title="Hip hop soul">Hip hop soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_house" title="Hip house">Hip house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_hip_hop" title="Industrial hip hop">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_rap" title="Jazz rap">Jazz rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_jack_swing" title="New jack swing">New jack swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rap" title="Pop rap">Pop rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rap" title="Psychedelic rap">Psychedelic rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rap" title="Punk rap">Punk rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragga#Ragga_and_hip_hop_music" title="Ragga">Ragga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_opera" title="Rap opera">Rap opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_rock" title="Rap rock">Rap rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">Trip hop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Rap_metal" title="Rap metal"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Rap metal</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rap_metal#Trap_metal" title="Rap metal">Trap metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">Nu metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres#Ethnic_fusion_genres" title="List of hip hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Regional</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afroswing" title="Afroswing">Afroswing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_flava" class="mw-redirect" title="Bongo flava">Bongo flava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomba_music" title="Boomba music">Boomba music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_rap" title="Cumbia rap">Cumbia rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genge" title="Genge">Genge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_galsen" title="Hip hop galsen">Hip hop galsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipco" title="Hipco">Hipco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiplife" title="Hiplife">Hiplife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_rap" title="Igbo rap">Igbo rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">Kwaito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_bap" title="Low bap">Low bap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motswako" title="Motswako">Motswako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_mele_paleoleo" class="mw-redirect" title="Na mele paleoleo">Na mele paleoleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuyorican_rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuyorican rap">Nuyorican rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romany_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Romany hip hop">Romany hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songo-salsa" title="Songo-salsa">Songo-salsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scam_rap" title="Scam rap">Scam rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stronda" title="Stronda">Stronda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Pasifika" title="Urban Pasifika">Urban Pasifika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_rap" title="Vigilante rap">Vigilante rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenji_flava" title="Zenji flava">Zenji flava</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres#Derived_genres" title="List of hip hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Derivatives</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_electronic_music_genres" title="List of electronic music genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Electronic</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat" title="Breakbeat">Breakbeat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_club" title="Baltimore club">Baltimore club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_breaks" title="Florida breaks">Florida breaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_house" title="Ghetto house">Ghetto house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghettotech" title="Ghettotech">Ghettotech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Glitch hop">Glitch hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime_music" title="Grime music">Grime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illbient" title="Illbient">Illbient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_(genre)" title="Wonky (genre)">Wonky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Other</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funk_carioca" title="Funk carioca">Funk carioca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_reggaeton" title="Alternative reggaeton">Alternative reggaeton</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Hip_hop_by_country" title="Category:Hip hop by country"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Regional scenes</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/African_hip_hop" title="African hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">African</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_hip_hop" title="Algerian hip hop">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Angolan hip hop">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_hip_hop" title="Beninese hip hop">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswana hip hop">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_hip_hop" title="Gambian hip hop">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghanaian hip hop">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_hip_hop" title="Ivorian hip hop">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_hip_hop" title="Kenyan hip hop">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_hip_hop" title="Malawian hip hop">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritian hip hop">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_hip_hop" title="Moroccan hip hop">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Namibian hip hop">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian hip hop">Nigerian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Harcourt hip hop">Port Harcourt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerien_hip_hop" title="Nigerien hip hop">Nigerien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_hip_hop" title="Senegalese hip hop">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="South African hip hop">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_hip_hop" title="Tanzanian hip hop">Tanzanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_hip_hop" title="Togolese hip hop">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Zambian hip hop">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_hip_hop" title="Zimbabwean hip hop">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_hip_hop" title="Asian hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Asian</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia#Hip_hop" title="Music of Armenia">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_hip_hop" title="Azerbaijani hip hop">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_hip_hop" title="Bangladeshi hip hop">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_hip_hop" title="Burmese hip hop">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_hip_hop" title="Chinese hip hop">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_hip_hop" title="Indian hip hop">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desi_hip_hop" title="Desi hip hop">Desi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_hip_hop" title="Indonesian hip hop">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_hip_hop" title="Japanese hip hop">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_hip_hop" title="Korean hip hop">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_hip_hop" title="Malaysian hip hop">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_hip_hop" title="Mongolian hip hop">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_hip_hop" title="Nepalese hip hop">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani hip hop">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_hip_hop" title="Pinoy hip hop">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_hip_hop" title="Singapore hip hop">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_hip_hop" title="Sri Lankan hip hop">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_hip_hop" title="Taiwanese hip hop">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_hip_hop" title="Thai hip hop">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/European_hip_hop" title="European hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">European</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_hip_hop" title="Albanian hip hop">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_hip_hop" title="Austrian hip hop">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_hip_hop" title="Belgian hip hop">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_and_Herzegovinian_hip_hop" title="Bosnian and Herzegovinian hip hop">Bosnian and Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rap" title="UK rap">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic hip hop">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_hip_hop" title="Scottish hip hop">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_hip_hop" title="Bulgarian hip hop">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_hip_hop" title="Croatian hip hop">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_hip_hop" title="Czech hip hop">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_hip_hop" title="Dutch hip hop">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_hip_hop" title="Finnish hip hop">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_hip_hop" title="French hip hop">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_hip_hop" title="German hip hop">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_hip_hop" title="Greek hip hop">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_tuga" title="Hip hop tuga">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_hip_hop" title="Hungarian hip hop">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_hip_hop" title="Icelandic hip hop">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_hip_hop" title="Irish hip hop">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_hip_hop" title="Italian hip hop">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_hip_hop" title="Macedonian hip hop">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin hip hop">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian hip hop">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_hip_hop" title="Polish hip hop">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_hip_hop" title="Romanian hip hop">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romany_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Romany hip hop">Romany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_hip_hop" title="Russian hip hop">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_hip_hop" title="Serbian hip hop">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_hip_hop" title="Slovak hip hop">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_hip_hop" title="Slovenian hip hop">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish hip hop">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_hip_hop" title="Swedish hip hop">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_hip_hop" title="Swiss hip hop">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_hip_hop" title="Ukrainian hip hop">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_hip_hop" title="Middle Eastern hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Middle Eastern</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_hip_hop" title="Arabic hip hop">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hip_hop" title="Egyptian hip hop">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_hip_hop" title="Iranian hip hop">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_hip_hop" title="Israeli hip hop">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_hip_hop" title="Lebanese hip hop">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_hip_hop" title="Palestinian hip hop">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian hip hop">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisian hip hop">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_hip_hop" title="Turkish hip hop">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_hip_hop" title="Yemeni hip hop">Yemeni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Category:North_American_hip_hop" title="Category:North American hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">North American</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist inline"><b>United States:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_hip_hop" title="East Coast hip hop">East Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_club" title="Baltimore club">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Jersey#Hip-Hop" title="Music of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City#Hip_hop" title="Music of New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Philadelphia#Hip_hop,_R&B,_and_Nu_Soul" title="Music of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Hip hop in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_hip_hop" title="Chicago hip hop">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit#Hip_hop" title="Music of Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Cities_hip_hop" title="Twin Cities hip hop">Minneapolis/St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisconsin hip hop">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Omaha#Hip_hop" title="Music of Omaha">Omaha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_hip_hop" title="Southern hip hop">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_hip_hop" title="Atlanta hip hop">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_rap" title="Memphis rap">Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_bass" title="Miami bass">Miami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_hip_hop" title="West Coast hip hop">West Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music_in_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="Hip hop music in the Pacific Northwest">Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Hip_Hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaskan Hip Hop">Alaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_hip_hop" title="Asian American hip hop">Asian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_hip_hop" title="Native American hip hop">Native American</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist inline" style="display:block"><b>Outside the US:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_hip_hop" title="Canadian hip hop">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_hip_hop" title="Cuban hip hop">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic#Hip_hop" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_hip_hop" title="Haitian hip hop">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_hip_hop" title="Mexican hip hop">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_hip_hop" title="Salvadoran hip hop">Salvadoran</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_hip_hop" title="Category:Oceanian hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Oceanian</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_hip_hop" title="Australian hip hop">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_hip_hop" title="New Zealand hip hop">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Category:South_American_hip_hop" title="Category:South American hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">South American</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_hip_hop" title="Brazilian hip hop">Brazilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia_hip_hop" title="Brasília hip hop">Brasília</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile#Hip_hop_and_rap" title="Music of Chile">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia#Colombian_urban_and_hip-hop_music" title="Music of Colombia">Colombian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune">Auto-Tune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">Contemporary R&B</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Disc jockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">Record player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">Drum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_skit" title="Hip hop skit">Hip hop skit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">Music sequencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)" title="Sampler (musical instrument)">Sampler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_and_social_injustice" title="Hip hop and social injustice">Social injustice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_vixen" title="Video vixen">Video vixen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partner_violence_in_hip_hop" title="Partner violence in hip hop">Partner violence in hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_representations_in_hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT representations in hip hop music">LGBT representations in hip hop music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip_hop" title="Feminist activism in hip hop">Feminist activism in hip hop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: darkblue; color: white;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Hip_hop" title="Category:Hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Category</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="House_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_music" title="Template:House music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:House_music" title="Template talk:House music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="House_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">House music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Styles_of_house_music" title="Styles of house music">Subgenres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">Acid house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_house" title="Ambient house">Ambient house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_house_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass house (genre)">Bass house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassline_(music_genre)" title="Bassline (music genre)">Bassline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_culture#Music" title="Ball culture">Ballroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_house" title="Deep house">Deep house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Disco house">Disco house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_house" title="Diva house">Diva house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardbag" title="Hardbag">Hardbag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_house" title="Electro house">Electro house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_room_house" title="Big room house">Big room house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complextro" class="mw-redirect" title="Complextro">Complextro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidget_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidget house">Fidget house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funky_house" title="Funky house">Funky house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_house" title="Future house">Future house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_house" title="Garage house">Garage house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_house" title="Ghetto house">Ghetto house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghettotech" title="Ghettotech">Ghettotech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juke_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Juke house">Juke house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_house" title="Hip house">Hip house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz house">Jazz house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodic house">Melodic house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microhouse" title="Microhouse">Microhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_house" title="Outsider house">Outsider house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Lo-fi house">Lo-fi house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_house" title="Progressive house">Progressive house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slap_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Slap house">Slap house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulful_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Soulful house">Soulful house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_house" title="Tech house">Tech house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_house" title="Tribal house">Tribal house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_house" title="Tropical house">Tropical house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_hard_house" title="UK hard house">UK hard house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_NRG" title="Hard NRG">Hard NRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumping_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Pumping house">Pumping house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardbass" title="Hardbass">Hardbass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouse_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Scouse house">Scouse house</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro_house" title="Afro house">Afro house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amapiano" title="Amapiano">Amapiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_beat" title="Balearic beat">Balearic beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_club" title="Baltimore club">Baltimore club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian bass">Brazilian bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changa_tuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Changa tuki">Changa tuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_hard_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago hard house">Chicago hard house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_house" title="Chicago house">Chicago house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch house">Dutch house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurohouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurohouse">Eurohouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_house" title="French house">French house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gqom" title="Gqom">Gqom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_house" title="Italo house">Italo house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_club" title="Jersey club">Jersey club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">Kwaito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_house" title="Latin house">Latin house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_bounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne bounce">Melbourne bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_beat" title="New beat">New beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_sound" title="New Jersey sound">New Jersey sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_beat" title="Big beat">Big beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chill-out_music" title="Chill-out music">Chill-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">Disco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_trance" title="Dream trance">Dream trance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_swing" title="Electro swing">Electro swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footwork_(genre)" title="Footwork (genre)">Footwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungle terror">Jungle terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard dance">Hard dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baggy" title="Baggy">Baggy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahton" title="Moombahton">Moombahton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moombahcore" class="mw-redirect" title="Moombahcore">Moombahcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahsoul" class="mw-redirect" title="Moombahsoul">Moombahsoul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu-disco" title="Nu-disco">Nu-disco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_jazz" title="Nu jazz">Nu jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_house_(genre)" title="Witch house (genre)">Witch house</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance moves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electro_dance" title="Electro dance">Electro dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footwork_(dance)" title="Footwork (dance)">Footwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacking" title="Jacking">Jacking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">Nightclub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">Rave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_industry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_industry" title="Template:Music industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_industry" title="Template talk:Music industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_industry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music industry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major companies<br />and organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Mexicana_de_Productores_de_Fonogramas_y_Videogramas" title="Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas">AMPROFON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association" title="Australian Recording Industry Association">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundesverband_Musikindustrie" title="Bundesverband Musikindustrie">BVMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">BPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Canada" title="Music Canada">Music Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">FIMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry">IFPI (worldwide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-M%C3%BAsica_Brasil" title="Pro-Música Brasil">PMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productores_de_M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Productores de Música de España">PROMUSICAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">RIAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG Rights Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Publishing" title="Sony Music Publishing">Sony Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Publishing_Group" title="Universal Music Publishing Group">Universal Music Publishing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Chappell_Music" title="Warner Chappell Music">Warner Chappell Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Music_Publishing" title="Disney Music Publishing">Disney Music Publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Record labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Record_label#Major_labels" title="Record label">Major</a></b></i>: <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">Independent</a></b></i>: <a href="/wiki/Concord_(entertainment_company)" title="Concord (entertainment company)">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_independent_UK_record_labels" title="List of independent UK record labels">Independent UK record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Artists_Music_Group" title="Allied Artists Music Group">AAMG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retailers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_music_store" title="Digital music store">Digital music stores</a> (<a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac">Fnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMV" title="HMV">HMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspien" title="Kaspien">Kaspien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Virgin Megastores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTS_Eventim" title="CTS Eventim">CTS Eventim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveStyle" title="LiveStyle">LiveStyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster">Ticketmaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_genres_and_styles" title="List of music genres and styles">Major genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">Easy listening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal music">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors<br />and roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_cover#Design" title="Album cover">Album cover design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artists_and_repertoire" title="Artists and repertoire">Artists and repertoire (A&R)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry#Business_structure" title="Music industry">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_law" title="Entertainment law">Entertainment law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_education" title="Music education">Music education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_executive" title="Music executive">Music executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_publisher" title="Music publisher">Music publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_store" title="Music store">Music store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_venue" title="Music venue">Music venue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_audio_store" title="Professional audio store">Professional audio store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoter_(entertainment)" title="Promoter (entertainment)">Promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_promotion" title="Radio promotion">Radio promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Record label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_shop" title="Record shop">Record shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_crew" title="Road crew">Road crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_promoter" title="Tour promoter">Tour promoter</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Production" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">Arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyricist" title="Lyricist">Lyricist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">Conductor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">Orchestrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">Session musician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backing_vocalist" title="Backing vocalist">Backup singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost singer">Ghost singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter" title="Ghostwriter">Ghostwriter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Sound engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recording_format" title="Recording format">Release<br />formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Single</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">Extended play (EP)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twelve-inch_single" title="Twelve-inch single">12" single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassette_single" title="Cassette single">Cassette single</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD_single" title="CD single">CD single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxi_single" title="Maxi single">Maxi single</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Album</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_album" title="Double album">Double album</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixtape" title="Mixtape">Mixtape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">Music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_recording" title="Promotional recording">Promotional recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-track_cartridge" title="8-track cartridge">Eight-track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Cassette">Compact cassette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airplay" title="Airplay">Airplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">Music download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_streaming_service" title="Music streaming service">Music streaming service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_tour" title="Concert tour">Concert tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_residency" title="Concert residency">Concert residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">Music festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_competition" title="Music competition">Music competition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Record_chart" title="Record chart">Charts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARIA_Charts" title="ARIA Charts">ARIA Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_Hot_100" title="Argentina Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Argentina Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasil_Hot_100" title="Brasil Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Brasil Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100" title="Canadian Hot 100">Canadian Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Chart" title="Circle Chart">Circle Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Music" title="G-Music">G-Music chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Singles_Chart" title="Irish Singles Chart">Irish Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">Italian singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GfK_Entertainment_charts" title="GfK Entertainment charts">GfK Entertainment charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Monitoring_Africa" title="Entertainment Monitoring Africa">Entertainment Monitoring Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_New_Zealand_Music_Chart" title="Official New Zealand Music Chart">New Zealand singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_charts" title="Rolling Stone charts"><i>Rolling Stone</i> Top 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino_Chart" title="Sino Chart">Sino Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverigetopplistan" title="Sverigetopplistan">Sverigetopplistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_singles_chart" title="UK singles chart">UK singles chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HitQuarters" title="HitQuarters">HitQuarters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Press" title="Hot Press">Hot Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!" title="Kerrang!">Kerrang!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musica_e_dischi" title="Musica e dischi">Musica e dischi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Q_(magazine)" title="Q (magazine)">Q</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smash_Hits" title="Smash Hits">Smash Hits</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops_(magazine)" title="Top of the Pops (magazine)">Top of the Pops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_television" title="Music television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_V" title="Channel V">Channel V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMT_(American_TV_channel)" title="CMT (American TV channel)">CMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(TV_channel)" title="Fuse (TV channel)">Fuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnet_(TV_channel)" title="Mnet (TV channel)">Mnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_(TV_channel)" title="Much (TV channel)">MuchMusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Factory" title="The Music Factory">The Music Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIVA_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="VIVA Media">Viva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Network" title="The Country Network">The Country Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idol_(franchise)" title="Idol (franchise)"><i>Idol</i> franchise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popstars" title="Popstars">Popstars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Academy" title="Star Academy">Star Academy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_(franchise)" title="The Four (franchise)">The Four</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_(franchise)" title="The Voice (franchise)">The Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor" title="The X Factor">The X Factor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(franchise)" title="Rising Star (franchise)">Rising Star</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Achievements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_award" title="Music award">Music award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">Best-selling music artists</a> <ul><li>In: <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Finland" title="List of best-selling music artists in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_Germany" title="List of highest-certified music artists in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling music artists in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_female_music_artists_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of best-selling female music artists in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <small>(Females)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_the_United_States" title="List of highest-certified music artists in the United States">United States</a></li> <li>Genre: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Latin_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Latin music artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nationality: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Belgian_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Belgian music artists">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil#Best-selling_Brazilian_artists_worldwide" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biggest-selling_British_music_artists" title="List of biggest-selling British music artists">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estimated_best-selling_Italian_music_artists" title="List of estimated best-selling Italian music artists">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Swedish_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Swedish music artists">Swedish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">Best-selling albums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_by_country" title="List of best-selling albums by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles" title="List of best-selling singles">Best-selling singles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_by_country" title="List of best-selling singles by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_world%27s_highest-paid_musicians" title="Forbes list of the world's highest-paid musicians">Highest-paid musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists" title="List of highest-grossing live music artists">Highest-grossing live music artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours">Highest-grossing concert tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_women" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by women">by women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_Latin_artists" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by Latin artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concert_tours" title="List of most-attended concert tours">Most-attended concert tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concerts" title="List of most-attended concerts">Most-attended concerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Recording_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Global Recording Artist of the Year">Global Recording Artist of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth" title="List of music artists by net worth">Wealthiest musical artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_era" title="Album era">Album era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-equivalent_unit" title="Album-equivalent unit">Album-equivalent unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">A-side and B-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backmasking" title="Backmasking">Backmasking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">Bootleg recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music_industry" title="Christian music industry">Christian music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_music_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of the music industry">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_track" title="Hidden track">Hidden track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_music_deals" title="List of largest music deals">Largest music deals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_recorded_music_markets" title="List of largest recorded music markets">Largest recorded music markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_albums" title="List of most expensive albums">Most expensive albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_valuable_records" title="List of most valuable records">Most valuable records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_recording_certification" title="Music recording certification">Music certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_Advisory" title="Parental Advisory">Parental Advisory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_sales" title="Record sales">Record sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surprise_album" title="Surprise album">Surprise album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_label" title="White label">White label</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/16px-45_record.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/24px-45_record.png 1.5x, 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