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loss and gain.</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: biodiversity loss and gain."> <meta name="keywords" content="biodiversity loss and gain."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="biodiversity loss and gain."> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1589</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: biodiversity loss and gain.</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1589</span> Indigenous Dayak People’s Perceptions of Wildlife Loss and Gain Related to Oil Palm Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Sunkar">A. Sunkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Saraswati"> A. Saraswati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Santosa"> Y. Santosa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Controversies surrounding the impacts of oil palm plantations have resulted in some heated debates, especially concerning biodiversity loss and indigenous people well-being. The indigenous people of Dayak generally used wildlife to fulfill their daily needs thus were assumed to have experienced negative impacts due to oil palm developments within and surrounding their settlement areas. This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of the Dayak community settled around an oil palm plantation, to determine their perceptions of wildlife loss or gain as the results of the development of oil palm plantations, and to identify the determinant characteristic of the perceptions. The research was conducted on March 2018 in Nanga Tayap and Tajok Kayong Villages, which were located around the oil palm plantation of NTYE of Ketapang, West Kalimantan-Indonesia. Data were collected through in depth-structured interview, using closed and semi-open questionnaires and three-scale Likert statements. Interviews were conducted with 74 respondents using accidental sampling, and categorized into respondents who were dependent on oil palm for their livelihoods and those who were not. Data were analyzed using quantitative statistics method, Likert Scale, Chi-Square Test, Spearman Test, and Mann-Whitney Test. The research found that the indigenous Dayak people were aware of wildlife species loss and gain since the establishment of the plantation. Nevertheless, wildlife loss did not affect their social, economic, and cultural needs since they could find substitutions. It was found that prior to the plantation’s development, the local Dayak communities were already slowly experiencing some livelihood transitions through local village development. The only determinant characteristic of the community that influenced their perceptions of wildlife loss/gain was level of education.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wildlife" title="Wildlife">Wildlife</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oil%20palm%20plantations" title=" oil palm plantations"> oil palm plantations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=indigenous%20Dayak" title=" indigenous Dayak"> indigenous Dayak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biodiversity%20loss%20and%20gain." title=" biodiversity loss and gain."> biodiversity loss and gain.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010010/indigenous-dayak-peoples-perceptions-of-wildlife-loss-and-gain-related-to-oil-palm-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010010/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010010/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010010/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010010/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010010/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010010/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010010/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010010/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010010/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010010/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1588</span> Plasma Properties Effect on Fluorescent Tube Plasma Antenna Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20N.%20Dagang">A. N. Dagang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20I.%20Ismail"> E. I. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.%20Zakaria"> Z. Zakaria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents the analysis on the performance of monopole antenna with fluorescent tubes. In this research, the simulation and experimental approach is conducted. The fluorescent tube with different length and size is designed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software and the characteristics of antenna parameter are simulated throughout the software. CST was used to simulate antenna parameters such as return loss, resonant frequency, gain and directivity. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) was used to measure the return loss of plasma antenna in order to validate the simulation results. In the simulation and experiment, the supply frequency is set starting from 1 GHz to 10 GHz. The results show that the return loss of plasma antenna changes when size of fluorescent tubes is varied, correspond to the different plasma properties. It shows that different values of plasma properties such as plasma frequency and collision frequency gives difference result of return loss, gain and directivity. For the gain, the values range from 2.14 dB to 2.36 dB. The return loss of plasma antenna offers higher value range from -22.187 dB to -32.903 dB. The higher the values of plasma frequency and collision frequency, the higher return loss can be obtained. The values obtained are comparative to the conventional type of metal antenna.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Plasma%20antenna" title="Plasma antenna">Plasma antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fluorescent%20tube" title=" fluorescent tube"> fluorescent tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=computer%20simulation%20technology" title=" computer simulation technology"> computer simulation technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=plasma%20parameters." title=" plasma parameters."> plasma parameters.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006073/plasma-properties-effect-on-fluorescent-tube-plasma-antenna-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006073/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006073/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006073/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006073/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006073/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006073/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006073/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006073/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006073/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006073/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1670</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1587</span> Osmotic Dehydration of Beetroot in Salt Solution: Optimization of Parameters through Statistical Experimental Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Manivannan">P. Manivannan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Rajasimman"> M. Rajasimman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Response surface methodology was used for quantitative investigation of water and solids transfer during osmotic dehydration of beetroot in aqueous solution of salt. Effects of temperature (25 – 45oC), processing time (30–150 min), salt concentration (5–25%, w/w) and solution to sample ratio (5:1 – 25:1) on osmotic dehydration of beetroot were estimated. Quadratic regression equations describing the effects of these factors on the water loss and solids gain were developed. It was found that effects of temperature and salt concentrations were more significant on the water loss than the effects of processing time and solution to sample ratio. As for solids gain processing time and salt concentration were the most significant factors. The osmotic dehydration process was optimized for water loss, solute gain, and weight reduction. The optimum conditions were found to be: temperature – 35oC, processing time – 90 min, salt concentration – 14.31% and solution to sample ratio 8.5:1. At these optimum values, water loss, solid gain and weight reduction were found to be 30.86 (g/100 g initial sample), 9.43 (g/100 g initial sample) and 21.43 (g/100 g initial sample) respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimization" title="Optimization">Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Osmotic%20dehydration" title=" Osmotic dehydration"> Osmotic dehydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Beetroot" title=" Beetroot"> Beetroot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=saltsolution" title=" saltsolution"> saltsolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9698/osmotic-dehydration-of-beetroot-in-salt-solution-optimization-of-parameters-through-statistical-experimental-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9698/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9698/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9698/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9698/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9698/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9698/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9698/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9698/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9698/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9698/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1586</span> Urban and Rural Children’s Knowledge on Biodiversity in Bizkaia: Tree Identification Skills and Animal and Plant Listing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joserra%20D%C3%ADez">Joserra Díez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ainhoa%20Me%C3%B1ika"> Ainhoa Meñika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I%C3%B1aki%20Sanz-Azkue"> Iñaki Sanz-Azkue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arritokieta%20Ortuzar"> Arritokieta Ortuzar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodiversity provides humans with a great range of ecosystemic services; it is therefore an indispensable resource and a legacy to coming generations. However, in the last decades, the increasing exploitation of the Planet has caused a great loss of biodiversity and its acquaintance has decreased remarkably; especially in urbanized areas, due to the decreasing attachment of humans to nature. Yet, the Primary Education curriculum primes the identification of flora and fauna to guarantee the knowledge of children on their surroundings, so that they care for the environment as well as for themselves. In order to produce effective didactic material that meets the needs of both teachers and pupils, it is fundamental to diagnose the current situation. In the present work, the knowledge on biodiversity of 3<sup>rd</sup> cycle Primary Education students in Biscay (n=98) and its relation to the size of the town/city of their school is discussed. Two tests have been used with such aim: one for tree identification and the other one so that the students enumerated the species of trees and animals they knew. Results reveal that knowledge of students on tree identification is scarce regardless the size of the city/town and of their school. On the other hand, animal species are better known than tree species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=population" title=" population"> population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tree%20identification" title=" tree identification"> tree identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=animal%20identification." title=" animal identification. "> animal identification. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008756/urban-and-rural-childrens-knowledge-on-biodiversity-in-bizkaia-tree-identification-skills-and-animal-and-plant-listing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008756/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008756/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008756/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008756/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008756/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008756/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008756/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008756/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008756/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008756/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1585</span> Grooved Linear Microstrip Patch Antenna Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ayesha%20Aslam">Ayesha Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F%20A%20Bhatti"> F A Bhatti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A simple impedance matching technique for inset feed grooved microstrip patch antenna based on the concept of coplanar waveguide feed line has been developed and investigated for a printed antenna at X-Band frequency of 10GHz. The proposed technique has been used in the design of Linear Grooved Microstrip patch antenna array. The characteristics of the antenna are determined in terms of Return loss, VSWR, gain, radiation pattern etc. The measured and simulated results presented are found to be in good agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gain" title="Gain">Gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microstrip%20patch" title=" Microstrip patch"> Microstrip patch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=return%20loss" title=" return loss"> return loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=VSWR" title=" VSWR"> VSWR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Radiation%20pattern" title=" Radiation pattern"> Radiation pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CPW%20Feed" title=" CPW Feed"> CPW Feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Inset%20feed." title=" Inset feed."> Inset feed.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/217/grooved-linear-microstrip-patch-antenna-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/217/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/217/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/217/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/217/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/217/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/217/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/217/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/217/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/217/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/217/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2810</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1584</span> Millimeter Wave I/Q Generation with the Inductive Resonator Matched Poly-Phase Filter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ki-Jin%20Kim">Ki-Jin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sanghoon%20Park"> Sanghoon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20H.%20Ahn"> K. H. Ahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A way of generating millimeter wave I/Q signal using inductive resonator matched poly-phase filter is suggested. Normally the poly-phase filter generates quite accurate I/Q phase and magnitude but the loss of the filter is considerable due to series connection of passive RC components. This loss term directly increases system noise figure when the poly-phase filter is used in RF Front-end. The proposed matching method eliminates above mentioned loss and in addition provides gain on the passive filter. The working algorithm is illustrated by mathematical analysis. The generated I/Q signal is used in implementing millimeter wave phase shifter for the 60 GHz communication system to verify its effectiveness. The circuit is fabricated in 90 nm TSMC RF CMOS process under 1.2 V supply voltage. The measurement results showed that the suggested method improved gain by 6.5 dB and noise by 2.3 dB. The summary of the proposed I/Q generation is compared with previous works.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Millimeter%20Wave%20Circuits" title="Millimeter Wave Circuits">Millimeter Wave Circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Local%20Distribution" title=" Local Distribution"> Local Distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I%2FQ%0D%0AGenerator." title=" I/Q Generator."> I/Q Generator.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2711/millimeter-wave-iq-generation-with-the-inductive-resonator-matched-poly-phase-filter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2711/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2711/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2711/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2711/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2711/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2711/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2711/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2711/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2711/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2711/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2013</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1583</span> Hybrid MIMO-OFDM Detection Scheme for High Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Young-Min%20Ko">Young-Min Ko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dong-Hyun%20Ha"> Dong-Hyun Ha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chang-Bin%20Ha"> Chang-Bin Ha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song"> Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, a multi-antenna system is actively used to improve the performance of the communication. A MIMO-OFDM system can provide multiplexing gain or diversity gain. These gains are obtained in proportion to the increase of the number of antennas. In order to provide the optimal gain of the MIMO-OFDM system, various transmission and reception schemes are presented. This paper aims to propose a hybrid scheme that base station provides both diversity gain and multiplexing gain at the same time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DFE" title="DFE">DFE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diversity%20gain" title=" diversity gain"> diversity gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiplexing%20gain." title=" multiplexing gain."> multiplexing gain.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004952/hybrid-mimo-ofdm-detection-scheme-for-high-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004952/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004952/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004952/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004952/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004952/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004952/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004952/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004952/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004952/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004952/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1582</span> Moroccan Mountains: Forest Ecosystems and Biodiversity Conservation Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20Sghir%20Taleb">Mohammed Sghir Taleb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Forest ecosystems in Morocco are subject increasingly to natural and human pressures. Conscious of this problem, Morocco set a strategy that focuses on programs of <em>in-situ</em> and <em>ex-situ</em> biodiversity conservation. This study is the result of a synthesis of various existing studies on biodiversity and forest ecosystems. It gives an overview of Moroccan mountain forest ecosystems and flora diversity. It also focuses on the efforts made by Morocco to conserve and sustainably manage biodiversity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mountain" title="Mountain">Mountain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=forest" title=" forest"> forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ecosystems" title=" ecosystems"> ecosystems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Morocco." title=" Morocco."> Morocco.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005425/moroccan-mountains-forest-ecosystems-and-biodiversity-conservation-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005425/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005425/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005425/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005425/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005425/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005425/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005425/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005425/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005425/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005425/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1581</span> An Approach to Flatten the Gain of Fiber Raman Amplifiers with Multi-Pumping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Surinder%20Singh">Surinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adish%20Bindal"> Adish Bindal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of the pumping wavelength and their power on the gain flattening of a fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) are investigated. The multi-wavelength pumping scheme is utilized to achieve gain flatness in FRA. It is proposed that gain flatness becomes better with increase in number of pumping wavelengths applied. We have achieved flat gain with 0.27 dB fluctuation in a spectral range of 1475-1600 nm for a Raman fiber length of 10 km by using six pumps with wavelengths with in the 1385-1495 nm interval. The effect of multi-wavelength pumping scheme on gain saturation in FRA is also studied. It is proposed that gain saturation condition gets improved by using this scheme and this scheme is more useful for higher spans of Raman fiber length. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FRA" title="FRA">FRA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gain" title=" gain"> gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pumping" title=" pumping"> pumping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WDM." title=" WDM."> WDM.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001328/an-approach-to-flatten-the-gain-of-fiber-raman-amplifiers-with-multi-pumping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001328/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001328/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001328/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001328/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001328/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001328/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001328/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001328/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001328/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001328/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1931</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1580</span> High-Speed High-Gain CMOS OTA for SC Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.Yousefi">M.Yousefi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.Vatanjou"> A.Vatanjou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.Nazeri"> F.Nazeri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A fast settling multipath CMOS OTA for high speed switched capacitor applications is presented here. With the basic topology similar to folded-cascode, bandwidth and DC gain of the OTA are enhanced by adding extra paths for signal from input to output. Designed circuit is simulated with HSPICE using level 49 parameters (BSIM 3v3) in 0.35mm standard CMOS technology. DC gain achieved is 56.7dB and Unity Gain Bandwidth (UGB) obtained is 1.15GHz. These results confirm that adding extra paths for signal can improve DC gain and UGB of folded-cascode significantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OTA%20%28Operational%20Transconductance%20Amplifier%29" title="OTA (Operational Transconductance Amplifier)">OTA (Operational Transconductance Amplifier)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DC%0Again" title=" DC gain"> DC gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unity%20Gain%20Bandwidth%20%28UGBW%29" title=" Unity Gain Bandwidth (UGBW)"> Unity Gain Bandwidth (UGBW)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13856/high-speed-high-gain-cmos-ota-for-sc-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13856/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13856/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13856/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13856/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13856/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13856/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13856/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13856/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13856/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13856/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3586</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1579</span> Effect on Bandwidth of Using Double Substrates Based Metamaterial Planar Antenna</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Smrity%20Dwivedi">Smrity Dwivedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The present paper has revealed the effect of double substrates over a bandwidth performance for planar antennas. The used material has its own importance to get minimum return loss and improved directivity. The author has taken double substrates to enhance the efficiency in terms of gain of antenna. Metamaterial based antenna has its own specific structure which increased the performance of antenna. Improved return loss is -20 dB, and the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is 1.2, which is better than single substrate having return loss of -15 dB and VSWR of 1.4. Complete results are obtained using commercial software CST microwave studio.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Metamaterials" title="Metamaterials">Metamaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=return%20loss" title=" return loss"> return loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=standing%20wave%20ratio" title=" standing wave ratio"> standing wave ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=directivity" title=" directivity"> directivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CST%20microwave%20studio." title=" CST microwave studio."> CST microwave studio.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007628/effect-on-bandwidth-of-using-double-substrates-based-metamaterial-planar-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007628/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007628/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007628/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007628/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007628/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007628/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007628/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007628/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007628/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007628/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1060</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1578</span> A 0.9 V, High-Speed, Low-Power Tunable Gain Current Mirror</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hassan%20Faraji%20Baghtash">Hassan Faraji Baghtash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A high-speed current mirror with low-power method of adjusting current gain is presented. The current mirror provides continuous gain adjustment; yet, its gain can simply be programmed digitally, as well. The structure features the ever interesting merits of linear-in-dB gain control scheme and low power/voltage operation. The performance of proposed structure is verified through the simulation in TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS Technology. The proposed tunable gain current mirror structure draws only 18 µW from 0.9 V power supply and can operate at high frequencies up to 550 MHz in the worst case condition of maximum gain setting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Current%20mirror" title="Current mirror">Current mirror</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=current%20mode" title=" current mode"> current mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=low%20power" title=" low power"> low power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=low%20voltage" title=" low voltage"> low voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tunable%20circuit" title=" tunable circuit"> tunable circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=variable%20current%20amplifier." title=" variable current amplifier."> variable current amplifier.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009775/a-09-v-high-speed-low-power-tunable-gain-current-mirror" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009775/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009775/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009775/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009775/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009775/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009775/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009775/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009775/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009775/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009775/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">844</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1577</span> Design of EDFA Gain Controller based on Disturbance Observer Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seong-Ho%20Song">Seong-Ho Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ki-Seob%20Kim"> Ki-Seob Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seon-Woo%20Lee"> Seon-Woo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seop-Hyeong%20Park"> Seop-Hyeong Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on a theoretical erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) model, we have proposed an application of disturbance observer(DOB) with proportional/integral/differential(PID) controller to EDFA for minimizing gain-transient time of wavelength -division-multiplexing (WDM) multi channels in optical amplifier in channel add/drop networks. We have dramatically reduced the gain-transient time to less than 30μsec by applying DOB with PID controller to the control of amplifier gain. The proposed DOB-based gain control algorithm for EDFA was implemented as a digital control system using TI's DSP(TMS320C28346) chip and experimental results of the system verify the excellent performance of the proposed gain control methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EDFA" title="EDFA">EDFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Disturbance%20observer" title=" Disturbance observer"> Disturbance observer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gain%20control" title=" gain control"> gain control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WDM." title=" WDM."> WDM.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4593/design-of-edfa-gain-controller-based-on-disturbance-observer-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4593/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4593/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4593/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4593/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4593/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4593/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4593/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4593/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4593/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4593/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2037</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1576</span> The Estimation of Bird Diversity Loss and Gain as an Impact of Oil Palm Plantation: Study Case in KJNP Estate Riau Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yanto%20Santosa">Yanto Santosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Catharina%20Yudea"> Catharina Yudea</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The rapid growth of oil palm industry in Indonesia raised many negative accusations from various parties, who said that oil palm plantation is damaging the environment and biodiversity, including birds. Since research on oil palm plantation impacts on bird diversity is still limited, this study needs to be developed in order to gain further learning and understanding. Data on bird diversity were collected in March 2018 in KJNP Estate, Riau Province using strip transect method on five different land cover types (young, intermediate, and old growth of oil palm plantation, high conservation value area, and crops field or the baseline). The observations were conducted simultaneously, with three repetitions. The result shows that the baseline has 19 species of birds and land cover after the oil palm plantation has 39 species. HCV (high conservation value) area has the highest increase in diversity value. Oil palm plantation has changed the composition of bird species. The highest similarity index is shown by young growth oil palm land cover with total score 0.65, meanwhile the lowest similarity index with total score 0.43 is shown by HCV area. Overall, the existence of oil palm plantation made a positive impact by increasing bird species diversity, with total 23 species gained and 3 species lost.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bird%20diversity" title="Bird diversity">Bird diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=crops%20field" title=" crops field"> crops field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=impact%20of%20oil%20palm%20plantation" title=" impact of oil palm plantation"> impact of oil palm plantation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=KJNP%20estate." title=" KJNP estate."> KJNP estate.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011149/the-estimation-of-bird-diversity-loss-and-gain-as-an-impact-of-oil-palm-plantation-study-case-in-kjnp-estate-riau-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011149/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011149/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011149/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011149/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011149/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011149/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011149/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011149/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011149/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011149/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">800</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1575</span> Impacts of Tillage on Biodiversity of Microarthropod Communities in Two Different Crop Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Leila%20Ramezani">Leila Ramezani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Saeid%20Mossadegh"> Mohammad Saeid Mossadegh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Different uses of land by humans alter the physico chemical characteristics of the soil and affect the soil microhabitat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of tillage in three different human land uses on microarthropods biodiversity in Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran. Three microhabitats including a permanent grassland with old Date-Palms around and no till system, and two wheat fields, one with conservative agricultural practices and low till system and the other with conventional agricultural practices (deep tillage), were compared for the biodiversity of the two main groups of soil microarthropods (Oribatida and Collembola). Soil samples were collected from the top to a depth of 15 cm bimonthly during a period of two years. Significant differences in the biodiversity index of microarthropods were observed between the different tillage systems (F = 36.748, P =0.000). Indeed, analysis of species diversity showed that the diversity index at the conservative field with low till (2.58 ± 0.01) was higher (p < 0.05) than the conventional tilled field (2.45 ± 0.08) and the diversity of natural grassland was the highest (2.79 ± 0.19, p < 0.05). Indeed, the index of biodiversity and population abundance differed significantly in different seasons (p < 0.00).</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=collembola" title=" collembola"> collembola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microarthropods" title=" microarthropods"> microarthropods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oribatida." title=" oribatida."> oribatida.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009539/impacts-of-tillage-on-biodiversity-of-microarthropod-communities-in-two-different-crop-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009539/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009539/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009539/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009539/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009539/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009539/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009539/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009539/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009539/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009539/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">994</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1574</span> Kalman Filter Gain Elimination in Linear Estimation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nicholas%20D.%20Assimakis">Nicholas D. Assimakis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In linear estimation, the traditional Kalman filter uses the Kalman filter gain in order to produce estimation and prediction of the n-dimensional state vector using the m-dimensional measurement vector. The computation of the Kalman filter gain requires the inversion of an m x m matrix in every iteration. In this paper, a variation of the Kalman filter eliminating the Kalman filter gain is proposed. In the time varying case, the elimination of the Kalman filter gain requires the inversion of an n x n matrix and the inversion of an m x m matrix in every iteration. In the time invariant case, the elimination of the Kalman filter gain requires the inversion of an n x n matrix in every iteration. The proposed Kalman filter gain elimination algorithm may be faster than the conventional Kalman filter, depending on the model dimensions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Discrete%20time" title="Discrete time">Discrete time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=linear%20estimation" title=" linear estimation"> linear estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kalman%20filter%20gain." title=" Kalman filter gain. "> Kalman filter gain. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011301/kalman-filter-gain-elimination-in-linear-estimation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011301/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011301/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011301/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011301/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011301/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011301/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011301/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011301/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011301/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011301/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">645</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1573</span> Thailand National Biodiversity Database System with webMathematica and Google Earth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20Katsarapong">W. Katsarapong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20Srisang"> W. Srisang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Jaroensutasinee"> K. Jaroensutasinee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Jaroensutasinee"> M. Jaroensutasinee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> National Biodiversity Database System (NBIDS) has been developed for collecting Thai biodiversity data. The goal of this project is to provide advanced tools for querying, analyzing, modeling, and visualizing patterns of species distribution for researchers and scientists. NBIDS data record two types of datasets: biodiversity data and environmental data. Biodiversity data are specie presence data and species status. The attributes of biodiversity data can be further classified into two groups: universal and projectspecific attributes. Universal attributes are attributes that are common to all of the records, e.g. X/Y coordinates, year, and collector name. Project-specific attributes are attributes that are unique to one or a few projects, e.g., flowering stage. Environmental data include atmospheric data, hydrology data, soil data, and land cover data collecting by using GLOBE protocols. We have developed webbased tools for data entry. Google Earth KML and ArcGIS were used as tools for map visualization. webMathematica was used for simple data visualization and also for advanced data analysis and visualization, e.g., spatial interpolation, and statistical analysis. NBIDS will be used by park rangers at Khao Nan National Park, and researchers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GLOBE%20protocol" title="GLOBE protocol">GLOBE protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biodiversity" title=" Biodiversity"> Biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Database%0ASystem" title=" Database System"> Database System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ArcGIS" title=" ArcGIS"> ArcGIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Google%20Earth%20and%20webMathematica." title=" Google Earth and webMathematica."> Google Earth and webMathematica.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9969/thailand-national-biodiversity-database-system-with-webmathematica-and-google-earth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9969/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9969/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9969/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9969/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9969/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9969/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9969/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9969/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9969/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9969/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1986</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1572</span> Vector Control Using Series Iron Loss Model of Induction, Motors and Power Loss Minimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kheldoun%20Aissa">Kheldoun Aissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khodja%20Djalal%20Eddine"> Khodja Djalal Eddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The iron loss is a source of detuning in vector controlled induction motor drives if the classical rotor vector controller is used for decoupling. In fact, the field orientation will not be satisfied and the output torque will not truck the reference torque mostly used by Loss Model Controllers (LMCs). In addition, this component of loss, among others, may be excessive if the vector controlled induction motor is driving light loads. In this paper, the series iron loss model is used to develop a vector controller immune to iron loss effect and then an LMC to minimize the total power loss using the torque generated by the speed controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Field%20Oriented%20Controller" title="Field Oriented Controller">Field Oriented Controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Induction%20Motor" title=" Induction Motor"> Induction Motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Loss%20ModelController" title=" Loss ModelController"> Loss ModelController</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Series%20Iron%20Loss." title=" Series Iron Loss."> Series Iron Loss.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8777/vector-control-using-series-iron-loss-model-of-induction-motors-and-power-loss-minimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8777/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8777/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8777/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8777/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8777/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8777/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8777/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8777/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8777/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8777/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2707</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1571</span> A Current Steering Positive Feedback Improved Recycling Folded Cascode OTA </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Kumaravel">S. Kumaravel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Venkataramani"> B. Venkataramani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In the literature, Improved Recycling Folded Cascode (IRFC) Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) is proposed for enhancing the DC gain and the Unity Gain Bandwidth (UGB) of the Recycling Folded Cascode (RFC) OTA. In this paper, an enhanced IRFC (EIRFC) OTA which uses positive feedback at the cascode node is proposed for enhancing the differential mode (DM) gain without changing the unity gain bandwidth (UGB) and lowering the Common mode (CM) gain. For the purpose of comparison, IRFC and EIRFC OTAs are implemented using UMC 90nm CMOS technology and studied through simulation. From the simulation, it is found that the DM gain and CM gain of EIRFC OTA is higher by 6dB and lower by 38dB respectively, compared to that of IRFC OTA for the same power and area. The slew rate of EIRFC OTA is also higher by a factor of 1.5.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cascode%20Amplifier" title="Cascode Amplifier">Cascode Amplifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CMRR" title=" CMRR"> CMRR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gm%2FID%20Methodology" title=" gm/ID Methodology"> gm/ID Methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Recycling" title=" Recycling"> Recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Slew%20Rate." title=" Slew Rate. "> Slew Rate. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997862/a-current-steering-positive-feedback-improved-recycling-folded-cascode-ota" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997862/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997862/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997862/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997862/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997862/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997862/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997862/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997862/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997862/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997862/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1570</span> Design of Folded Cascode OTA in Different Regions of Operation through gm/ID Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Daoud%20Dammak">H. Daoud Dammak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Bensalem"> S. Bensalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Zouari"> S. Zouari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Loulou"> M. Loulou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an optimized methodology to folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) design. The design is done in different regions of operation, weak inversion, strong inversion and moderate inversion using the gm/ID methodology in order to optimize MOS transistor sizing. Using 0.35μm CMOS process, the designed folded cascode OTA achieves a DC gain of 77.5dB and a unity-gain frequency of 430MHz in strong inversion mode. In moderate inversion mode, it has a 92dB DC gain and provides a gain bandwidth product of around 69MHz. The OTA circuit has a DC gain of 75.5dB and unity-gain frequency limited to 19.14MHZ in weak inversion region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CMOS%20IC%20design" title="CMOS IC design">CMOS IC design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Folded%20Cascode%20OTA" title=" Folded Cascode OTA"> Folded Cascode OTA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gm%2FID%0Amethodology" title=" gm/ID methodology"> gm/ID methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimization." title=" optimization."> optimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7027/design-of-folded-cascode-ota-in-different-regions-of-operation-through-gmid-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7027/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7027/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7027/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7027/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7027/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7027/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7027/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7027/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7027/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7027/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11733</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1569</span> Saturated Gain of Doped Multilayer Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Omar%20Qasaimeh">Omar Qasaimeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of the number of quantum dot (QD) layers on the saturated gain of doped QD semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) has been studied using multi-population coupled rate equations. The developed model takes into account the effect of carrier coupling between adjacent layers. It has been found that increasing the number of QD layers (K) increases the unsaturated optical gain for K<8 and approximately has no effect on the unsaturated gain for K ≥ 8. Our analysis shows that the optimum ptype concentration that maximizes the unsaturated optical gain of the ground state is NA Ôëê 0.75 ×1018cm-3 . On the other hand, it has been found that the saturated optical gain for both the ground state and the excited state are strong function of both the doping concentration and K where we find that it is required to dope the dots with n-type concentration for very large K at high photon energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=doping" title="doping">doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multilayer" title=" multilayer"> multilayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quantum%20dot%20optical%20amplifier" title=" quantum dot optical amplifier"> quantum dot optical amplifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=saturated%20gain." title="saturated gain.">saturated gain.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2276/saturated-gain-of-doped-multilayer-quantum-dot-semiconductor-optical-amplifiers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2276/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2276/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2276/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2276/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2276/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2276/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2276/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2276/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2276/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2276/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1929</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1568</span> Loss Function Optimization for CNN-Based Fingerprint Anti-Spoofing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yehjune%20Heo">Yehjune Heo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>As biometric systems become widely deployed, the security of identification systems can be easily attacked by various spoof materials. This paper contributes to finding a reliable and practical anti-spoofing method using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) based on the types of loss functions and optimizers. The types of CNNs used in this paper include AlexNet, VGGNet, and ResNet. By using various loss functions including Cross-Entropy, Center Loss, Cosine Proximity, and Hinge Loss, and various loss optimizers which include Adam, SGD, RMSProp, Adadelta, Adagrad, and Nadam, we obtained significant performance changes. We realize that choosing the correct loss function for each model is crucial since different loss functions lead to different errors on the same evaluation. By using a subset of the Livdet 2017 database, we validate our approach to compare the generalization power. It is important to note that we use a subset of LiveDet and the database is the same across all training and testing for each model. This way, we can compare the performance, in terms of generalization, for the unseen data across all different models. The best CNN (AlexNet) with the appropriate loss function and optimizers result in more than 3% of performance gain over the other CNN models with the default loss function and optimizer. In addition to the highest generalization performance, this paper also contains the models with high accuracy associated with parameters and mean average error rates to find the model that consumes the least memory and computation time for training and testing. Although AlexNet has less complexity over other CNN models, it is proven to be very efficient. For practical anti-spoofing systems, the deployed version should use a small amount of memory and should run very fast with high anti-spoofing performance. For our deployed version on smartphones, additional processing steps, such as quantization and pruning algorithms, have been applied in our final model.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anti-spoofing" title="Anti-spoofing">Anti-spoofing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CNN" title=" CNN"> CNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fingerprint%20recognition" title=" fingerprint recognition"> fingerprint recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=loss%20function" title=" loss function"> loss function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimizer." title=" optimizer."> optimizer.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012065/loss-function-optimization-for-cnn-based-fingerprint-anti-spoofing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012065/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012065/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012065/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012065/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012065/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012065/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012065/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012065/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012065/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012065/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1567</span> Characterization of InGaAsP/InP Quantum Well Lasers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Melouk">K. Melouk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Dellakrachai"> M. Dellakrachai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analytical formula for the optical gain based on a simple parabolic-band by introducing theoretical expressions for the quantized energy is presented. The model used in this treatment take into account the effects of intraband relaxation. It is shown, as a result, that the gain for the TE mode is larger than that for TM mode and the presence of acceptor impurity increase the peak gain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Laser" title="Laser">Laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quantum%20well" title=" quantum well"> quantum well</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=semiconductor" title=" semiconductor"> semiconductor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=InGaAsP." title=" InGaAsP."> InGaAsP.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002690/characterization-of-ingaaspinp-quantum-well-lasers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002690/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002690/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002690/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002690/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002690/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002690/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002690/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002690/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002690/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002690/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1566</span> 3.5-bit Stage of the CMOS Pipeline ADC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gao%20Wei">Gao Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xu%20Minglu"> Xu Minglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xu%20Yan"> Xu Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhang%20Xiaotong"> Zhang Xiaotong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wang%20Xinghua"> Wang Xinghua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A 3.5-bit stage of the CMOS pipelined ADC is proposed. In this report, the main part of 3.5-bit stage ADC is introduced. How the MDAC, comparator and encoder worked and designed are shown in details. Besides, an OTA which is used in fully differential pipelined ADC was described. Using gain-boost architecture with differential amplifier, this OTA achieve high-gain and high-speed. This design was using CMOS 0.18um process and simulation in Cadence. The result of the simulation shows that the OTA has a gain up to 80dB, the unity gain bandwidth of about 1.138GHz with 2pF load.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pipelined%20ADC" title="pipelined ADC">pipelined ADC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MDAC" title=" MDAC"> MDAC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=operational%20amplifier." title=" operational amplifier."> operational amplifier.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9449/35-bit-stage-of-the-cmos-pipeline-adc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9449/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9449/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9449/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9449/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9449/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9449/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9449/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9449/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9449/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9449/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3561</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1565</span> Loss of P16/INK4A Protein Expression is a Common Abnormality in Hodgkin's Lymphoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fawzi%20Irshaid">Fawzi Irshaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatiha%20Dilmi"> Fatiha Dilmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khaled%20Tarawneh"> Khaled Tarawneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raji%20Hadeth"> Raji Hadeth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adnan%20Jaran"> Adnan Jaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahad%20Al-Khatib"> Ahad Al-Khatib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>P16/INK4A is tumor suppressor protein that plays a critical role in cell cycle regulation. Loss of P16 protein expression has been implicated in pathogenesis of many cancers, including lymphoma. Therefore, we sought to investigate if loss of P16 protein expression is associated with lymphoma and/or any specific lymphoma subtypes (Hodgkin-s lymphoma (HL) and nonHodgkin-s lymphoma (NHL)). Fifty-five lymphoma cases consisted of 30 cases of HL and 25 cases of NHL, with an age range of 3 to 78 years, were examined for loss of P16 by immunohistochemical technique using a specific antibody reacting against P16. In total, P16 loss was seen in 33% of all lymphoma cases. P16 loss was identified in 47.7% of HL cases. In contrast, only 16% of NHL showed loss of P16. Loss of P16 was seen in 67% of HL patients with 50 years of age or older, whereas P16 loss was found in only 42% of HL patients with less than 50 years of age. P16 loss in HL is somewhat higher in male (55%) than in female (30%). In subtypes of HL, P16 loss was found exclusively in all cases of lymphocyte depletion, lymphocyte predominance and unclassified cases, whereas P16 loss was seen in 39% of mixed cellularity and 29% of nodular sclerosis cases. In low grade NHL patients, P16 loss was seen in approximately one-third of cases, whereas no or very rare of P16 loss was found in intermediate and high grade cases. P16 loss did not show any correlation with age or gender of NHL patients. In conclusion, the high rate of P16 loss seen in our study suggests that loss of P16 expression plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of lymphoma, particularly with HL.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B-cells" title="B-cells">B-cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=immunostaining" title=" immunostaining"> immunostaining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P16%20protein" title=" P16 protein"> P16 protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reed-Sternberg%20cells" title=" Reed-Sternberg cells"> Reed-Sternberg cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tumors." title=" tumors."> tumors.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12233/loss-of-p16ink4a-protein-expression-is-a-common-abnormality-in-hodgkins-lymphoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12233/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12233/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12233/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12233/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12233/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12233/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12233/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12233/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12233/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12233/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1668</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1564</span> The Study of Biodiversity of Thirty Two Families of Useful Plants Existed in Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kacharava%20Tamar">Kacharava Tamar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Korakhashvili%20Avtandil"> Korakhashvili Avtandil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Epitashvili%20Tinatin"> Epitashvili Tinatin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The article deals with the database, which was created by the authors, related to biodiversity of some families of useful plants (medicinal, aromatic, spices, dye and poisonous) existing in Georgia considering important taxonomy. Our country is also rich with endemic genera. The results of monitoring of the phytogenetic resources to reveal perspective species and situation of endemic species and resources are also discussed in this paper. To get some new medicinal and preventive treatments using plant raw material in the phytomedicine, phytocosmetics and phytoculinary, the unique phytogenetic resources should be protected because the application of useful plants is becoming irreversible. This can be observed along with intensification and sustainable use of ethnobotanical traditions and promotion of phytoproduction based on the international requirements on biodiversity (Convention on Biological Diversity - CBD). Though Georgian phytopharmacy has the centuries-old traditions, today it is becoming the main concern.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aromatic" title="Aromatic">Aromatic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=medicinal" title=" medicinal"> medicinal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=poisonous" title=" poisonous"> poisonous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spicy" title=" spicy"> spicy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dye%20plants" title=" dye plants"> dye plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=endemic%20biodiversity" title=" endemic biodiversity"> endemic biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=endemic" title=" endemic"> endemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ELISA" title=" ELISA"> ELISA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GIS." title=" GIS."> GIS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009675/the-study-of-biodiversity-of-thirty-two-families-of-useful-plants-existed-in-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009675/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009675/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009675/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009675/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009675/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009675/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009675/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009675/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009675/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009675/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">870</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1563</span> Design and Performance Comparison of Metamaterial Based Antenna for 4G/5G Mobile Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jalal%20Khan">Jalal Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Daniyal%20Ali%20Sehrai"> Daniyal Ali Sehrai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shakeel%20Ahmad"> Shakeel Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of multiband metamaterial based antenna operating in the 3.6 GHz (4G), 14.33 GHz, and 28.86 GHz (5G) frequency bands, for future mobile and handheld devices. The radiating element of the proposed design is made up of a conductive material supported by a 1.524 mm thicker Rogers-4003 substrate, having a relative dielectric constant and loss tangent of 3.55 and 0.0027, respectively. The substrate is backed by truncated ground plane. The future mobile communication system is based on higher frequencies, which are highly affected by the atmospheric conditions. Therefore, to overcome the path loss problem, essential enhancements and improvements must be made in the overall performance of the antenna. The traditional ground plane does not provide the in-phase reflection and surface wave suppression due to which side and back lobes are produced. This will affect the antenna performance in terms of gain and efficiency. To enhance the overall performance of the antenna, a metamaterial acting as a high impedance surface (HIS) is used as a reflector in the proposed design. The simulated gain of the metamaterial based antenna is enhanced from {2.76-6.47, 4.83-6.71 and 7.52-7.73} dB at 3.6, 14.33 and 28.89 GHz, respectively relative to the gain of the antenna backed by a traditional ground plane. The proposed antenna radiated efficiently with a radiated efficiency (>85 %) in all the three frequency bands with and without metamaterial surface. The total volume of the antenna is (<em>L</em> x <em>W</em> x <em>h</em>=45 x 40 x 1.524) mm<sup>3</sup>. The antenna can be potentially used for wireless handheld devices and mobile terminal. All the simulations have been performed using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiband" title="Multiband">Multiband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fourth%20generation%20%284G%29" title=" fourth generation (4G)"> fourth generation (4G)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fifth%20generation%20%285G%29" title=" fifth generation (5G)"> fifth generation (5G)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=metamaterial" title=" metamaterial"> metamaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CST%20MWS." title=" CST MWS."> CST MWS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009045/design-and-performance-comparison-of-metamaterial-based-antenna-for-4g5g-mobile-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009045/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009045/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009045/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009045/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009045/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009045/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009045/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009045/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009045/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009045/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1893</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1562</span> Inverter Based Gain-Boosting Fully Differential CMOS Amplifier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alpana%20Agarwal">Alpana Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Akhil%20Sharma"> Akhil Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This work presents a fully differential CMOS amplifier consisting of two self-biased gain boosted inverter stages, that provides an alternative to the power hungry operational amplifier. The self-biasing avoids the use of external biasing circuitry, thus reduces the die area, design efforts, and power consumption. In the present work, regulated cascode technique has been employed for gain boosting. The Miller compensation is also applied to enhance the phase margin. The circuit has been designed and simulated in 1.8 V 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The simulation results show a high DC gain of 100.7 dB, Unity-Gain Bandwidth of 107.8 MHz, and Phase Margin of 66.7<sup>o</sup> with a power dissipation of 286 μW and makes it suitable candidate for the high resolution pipelined ADCs.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CMOS%20amplifier" title="CMOS amplifier">CMOS amplifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gain%20boosting" title=" gain boosting"> gain boosting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=inverter-based%20amplifier" title=" inverter-based amplifier"> inverter-based amplifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=self-biased%20inverter." title=" self-biased inverter."> self-biased inverter.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006203/inverter-based-gain-boosting-fully-differential-cmos-amplifier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006203/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006203/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006203/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006203/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006203/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006203/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006203/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006203/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006203/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006203/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2629</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1561</span> Study of the Effectiveness of Solar Heat Gain and Day Light Factors on Minimizing Electricity Use in High Rise Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mansour%20Nikpour">Mansour Nikpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Zin%20kandar"> Mohd Zin kandar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohsen%20Ghasemi"> Mohsen Ghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hossein%20Fallah"> Hossein Fallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Over half of the total electricity consumption is used in buildings. Air-conditioning and electric lighting are the two main resources of electricity consumption in high rise buildings. One way to reduce electricity consumption would be to limit heat gain into buildings, therefore reduce the demand for air-conditioning during hot summer months especially in hot regions. On the other hand natural daylight can be used to reduce the use of electricity for artificial lighting. In this paper effective factors on minimizing heat gain and achieving required day light were reviewed .As daylight always accompanied by solar heat gain. Also interactions between heat gain and daylight were discussed through previous studies and equations which are related to heat gain and day lighting especially in high rise buildings. As a result importance of building-s form and its component on energy consumption in buildings were clarified.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High%20rise%20buildings" title="High rise buildings">High rise buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%20demand" title=" energy demand"> energy demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=day%20lighting" title=" day lighting"> day lighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heat%20gain." title=" heat gain."> heat gain.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5707/study-of-the-effectiveness-of-solar-heat-gain-and-day-light-factors-on-minimizing-electricity-use-in-high-rise-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5707/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5707/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5707/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5707/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5707/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5707/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5707/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5707/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5707/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5707/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2914</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1560</span> Ecosystems of Lake Sevan Basin-s Rivers in Armenia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eugenie%20A.%20Kachvoryan">Eugenie A. Kachvoryan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Astghik%20Z.%20Pepoyan"> Astghik Z. Pepoyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maria%20V.%20Harutyunova"> Maria V. Harutyunova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anahit%20M.%20Manvelyan"> Anahit M. Manvelyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Taking into account the importance of Lake Sevan and Lake Sevan basin-s rivers for Armenian economy, the main goals of our investigations were the documentation of water quality and the biodiversity of invertebrates developed in Lake Sevan basin-s rivers and selected tributaries. Moderately satisfied ecological condition for the biodiversity of Lake Sevan basin-s rivers has been established, and the changes in species- composition of zoobenthos in Lake Sevan were detected. A growing tendency of antibiotic resistance among E. coli isolates in water resources has been shown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ecosystem" title=" ecosystem"> ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lake%20Sevan" title=" Lake Sevan"> Lake Sevan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=water-quality" title=" water-quality"> water-quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zoobenthos." title="zoobenthos.">zoobenthos.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4106/ecosystems-of-lake-sevan-basin-s-rivers-in-armenia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4106/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4106/bibtex" target="_blank" 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