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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Gambaran keseluruhan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gambaran_keseluruhan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zaman_Gangsa_Pertengahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Gangsa_Pertengahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Zaman Gangsa Pertengahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Gangsa_Pertengahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kekacauan_pada_abad_ke-16_SM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kekacauan_pada_abad_ke-16_SM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kekacauan pada abad ke-16 SM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kekacauan_pada_abad_ke-16_SM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_Gangsa_Akhir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Gangsa_Akhir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Zaman Gangsa Akhir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Gangsa_Akhir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peristiwa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peristiwa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Peristiwa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peristiwa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perekaan,_penemuan,_dan_pengenalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perekaan,_penemuan,_dan_pengenalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Perekaan, penemuan, dan pengenalan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perekaan,_penemuan,_dan_pengenalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kebudayaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kebudayaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kebudayaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kebudayaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tokoh-tokoh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tokoh-tokoh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tokoh-tokoh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tokoh-tokoh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kitab_Bible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kitab_Bible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kitab Bible</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kitab_Bible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiksyen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiksyen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Fiksyen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiksyen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Milenium ke-2 SM</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 75 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_2_%D9%82.%D9%85" title="ألفية 2 ق.م – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألفية 2 ق.م" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mileniu_II_e.C." title="Mileniu II e.C. – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mileniu II e.C." data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%C9%99._II_minillik" title="E.ə. II minillik – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="E.ə. II minillik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenium_ke-2_SM" title="Milenium ke-2 SM – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Milenium ke-2 SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A7%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="খ্রিষ্টপূর্ব ২য় সহস্রাব্দ – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খ্রিষ্টপূর্ব ২য় সহস্রাব্দ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD.%D1%8D." title="2 тысячагоддзе да н.э. – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="2 тысячагоддзе да н.э." data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="II тысячагодзьдзе да н. э. – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="II тысячагодзьдзе да н. э." data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._milenij_p._n._e." title="2. milenij p. n. e. – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="2. milenij p. n. e." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eil_milved_kt_JK" title="Eil milved kt JK – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eil milved kt JK" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80.%D0%BD.%D0%B5." title="2 хилядолетие пр.н.е. – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="2 хилядолетие пр.н.е." data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil%C2%B7lenni_II_aC" title="Mil·lenni II aC – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mil·lenni II aC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._tis%C3%ADcilet%C3%AD_p%C5%99._n._l." title="2. tisíciletí př. n. l. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="2. tisíciletí př. n. l." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._%C3%A5rtusinde_f.Kr." title="2. årtusinde f.Kr. – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="2. årtusinde f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_2_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="لألفية 2 قبل لميلاد – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لألفية 2 قبل لميلاد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._Jahrtausend_v._Chr." title="2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="2. Jahrtausend v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._aastatuhat_eKr" title="2. aastatuhat eKr – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="2. aastatuhat eKr" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%CE%B7_%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%80.%CE%A7." title="2η χιλιετία π.Χ. – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="2η χιλιετία π.Χ." data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_millennium_BC" title="2nd millennium BC – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="2nd millennium BC" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_milenio_a._C." title="II milenio a. C. – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="II milenio a. C." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-a_jarmilo_a.K." title="2-a jarmilo a.K. – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="2-a jarmilo a.K." data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.a._2._milurtekoa" title="K.a. 2. milurtekoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="K.a. 2. milurtekoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_(%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="هزاره دوم (پیش از میلاد) – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هزاره دوم (پیش از میلاد)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._%C3%A1rat%C3%BAsund_f.Kr." title="2. áratúsund f.Kr. – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="2. áratúsund f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="IIe millénaire av. J.-C. – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="IIe millénaire av. J.-C." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/2e_milennium_f.Kr." title="2e milennium f.Kr. – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="2e milennium f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_m%C3%ACle-bliadhna_RC" title="2 mìle-bliadhna RC – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="2 mìle-bliadhna RC" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_milenio_a._C." title="II milenio a. C. – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="II milenio a. C." data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B2%9C%EB%85%84%EA%B8%B0" title="기원전 제2천년기 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기원전 제2천년기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._tisu%C4%87lje%C4%87e_pr._Kr." title="2. tisućljeće pr. Kr. – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="2. tisućljeće pr. Kr." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/2ma_yarmilo_aK" title="2ma yarmilo aK – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="2ma yarmilo aK" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._%C3%A1r%C3%BE%C3%BAsundi%C3%B0_f.Kr." title="2. árþúsundið f.Kr. – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="2. árþúsundið f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_millennio_a.C." title="II millennio a.C. – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="II millennio a.C." data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A3_%D7%94-2_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%94%22%D7%A1" title="האלף ה-2 לפנה"ס – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האלף ה-2 לפנה"ס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._II_%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ძვ. წ. II ათასწლეული – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძვ. წ. II ათასწლეული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenia_ya_2_KK" title="Milenia ya 2 KK – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Milenia ya 2 KK" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_2_a.C.n." title="Millennium 2 a.C.n. – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Millennium 2 a.C.n." data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._t%C5%ABksto%C5%A1gade_p.m.%C4%93." title="2. tūkstošgade p.m.ē. – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="2. tūkstošgade p.m.ē." data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._Joerdausend_v._Chr." title="2. Joerdausend v. Chr. – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="2. Joerdausend v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_t%C5%ABkstantmetis_pr._m._e." title="2 tūkstantmetis pr. m. e. – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="2 tūkstantmetis pr. m. e." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_millennio_a.C." title="II millennio a.C. – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="II millennio a.C." data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._e._2._%C3%A9vezred" title="I. e. 2. évezred – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. e. 2. évezred" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.पू.चे २ रे सहस्रक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.पू.चे २ रे सहस्रक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._II_%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ჯვ. წ. II ვითოშწანურა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯვ. წ. II ვითოშწანურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenium_ka-2_SM" title="Milenium ka-2 SM – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Milenium ka-2 SM" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo_mil%C3%A9nio_antes_de_Cristo" title="Segundo milénio antes de Cristo – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Segundo milénio antes de Cristo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2e_millennium_v.Chr." title="2e millennium v.Chr. – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="2e millennium v.Chr." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D2%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前2千年紀 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紀元前2千年紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_millennio_AC" title="II millennio AC – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="II millennio AC" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._juard%C3%BC%C3%BCsen_f.Kr." title="2. juardüüsen f.Kr. – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="2. juardüüsen f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._%C3%A5rtusen_f.Kr." title="2. årtusen f.Kr. – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="2. årtusen f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millenni_II_abC" title="Millenni II abC – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Millenni II abC" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_tysi%C4%85clecie_p.n.e." title="II tysiąclecie p.n.e. – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="II tysiąclecie p.n.e." data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo_mil%C3%A9nio_a.C." title="Segundo milénio a.C. – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segundo milénio a.C." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mileniul_al_II-lea_%C3%AE.Hr." title="Mileniul al II-lea î.Hr. – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mileniul al II-lea î.Hr." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="2. тысячроча до н. е. – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="2. тысячроча до н. е." data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="2-е тысячелетие до н. э. – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="2-е тысячелетие до н. э." data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_%D0%B1._%D1%8D._%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD._%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%BB%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2 б. э. инн. тыһыынча сыл – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="2 б. э. инн. тыһыынча сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_millennium_BC" title="2nd millennium BC – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2nd millennium BC" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._tis%C3%ADcro%C4%8Die_pred_Kr." title="2. tisícročie pred Kr. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="2. tisícročie pred Kr." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._tiso%C4%8Dletje_pr._n._%C5%A1t." title="2. tisočletje pr. n. št. – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="2. tisočletje pr. n. št." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BF._%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="2. миленијум п. н. е. – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="2. миленијум п. н. е." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._milenijum_pne." title="2. milenijum pne. – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="2. milenijum pne." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toinen_vuosituhat_eaa." title="Toinen vuosituhat eaa. – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toinen vuosituhat eaa." data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000-talet_f.Kr._(millennium)" title="1000-talet f.Kr. (millennium) – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1000-talet f.Kr. (millennium)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-2_milenyo_BC" title="Ika-2 milenyo BC – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ika-2 milenyo BC" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81_2%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கிமு 2ஆம் ஆயிரமாண்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிமு 2ஆம் ஆயிரமாண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2_%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5" title="สหัสวรรษที่ 2 ก่อนคริสตกาล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สหัสวรรษที่ 2 ก่อนคริสตกาล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_ni%C3%AAn_k%E1%BB%B7_2_TCN" title="Thiên niên kỷ 2 TCN – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên niên kỷ 2 TCN" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="2-ге тисячоліття до н. е. – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="2-ге тисячоліття до н. е." data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7_%DB%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD" title="دوسرا ہزارہ قبل مسیح – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دوسرا ہزارہ قبل مسیح" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-2_nga_yukottuig_UC" title="Ika-2 nga yukottuig UC – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-2 nga yukottuig UC" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D2%E5%8D%83%E7%BA%AA" title="前2千纪 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="前2千纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D2%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4" title="前2千年 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="前2千年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_t%C5%ABkstontmetis_pr._Kr." title="2 tūkstontmetis pr. Kr. – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="2 tūkstontmetis pr. Kr." data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D2%E5%8D%83%E7%BA%AA" title="前2千纪 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="前2千纪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26257#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:400px"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> <th style="text-align:right;"><small><a href="/wiki/Milenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Milenium">Milenium</a>:</small> </th> <td class="hlist" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milenium_ke-3_SM" title="Milenium ke-3 SM">milenium ke-3 <small>SM</small></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">milenium ke-2 <small>SM</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milenium_pertama_SM" title="Milenium pertama SM">milenium pertama <small>SM</small></a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><small><a href="/wiki/Abad" title="Abad">Abad</a>:</small> </th> <td class="hlist" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-20_SM" title="Abad ke-20 SM">abad ke-20 <small>SM</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-19_SM" title="Abad ke-19 SM">abad ke-19 <small>SM</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-18_SM" title="Abad ke-18 SM">abad ke-18 <small>SM</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-17_SM" title="Abad ke-17 SM">abad ke-17 <small>SM</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-16_SM" title="Abad ke-16 SM">abad ke-16 <small>SM</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-15_SM" title="Abad ke-15 SM">abad ke-15 <small>SM</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-14_SM" title="Abad ke-14 SM">abad ke-14 <small>SM</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-13_SM" title="Abad ke-13 SM">abad ke-13 <small>SM</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-12_SM" title="Abad ke-12 SM">abad ke-12 <small>SM</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-11_SM" title="Abad ke-11 SM">abad ke-11 <small>SM</small></a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>Milenium ke-2 SM</b> menandakan peralihan daripada <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Gangsa" title="Zaman Gangsa">Zaman Gangsa</a> Pertengahan ke Zaman Gangsa Akhir. Separuh pertamanya dikuasai oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemaharajaan_Pertengahan_Mesir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemaharajaan Pertengahan Mesir (laman tidak wujud)">Kemaharajaan Pertengahan Mesir</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>. Kawasan <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iran" title="Indo-Iran">Indo-Iran</a> berkembang sehingga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dataran_Parsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dataran Parsi (laman tidak wujud)">dataran Parsi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Subbenua_India" title="Subbenua India">anak benua India</a> dan memperkenalkan <a href="/wiki/Rata" title="Rata">rata</a> ke kawasan-kawasan tersebut. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abjad_Zaman_Gangsa_Pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abjad Zaman Gangsa Pertengahan (laman tidak wujud)">Abjad</a> diperkembangkan. Perang rata dan pergerakan-pergerakan penduduk mengakibatkan perubahan-perubahan yang hebat pada pertengahan milenium, dan suatu ketenteraman yang baru muncul dengan penguasaan Aegea oleh <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> dan kebangkitan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empayar_Hittite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empayar Hittite (laman tidak wujud)">Empayar Hittite</a>. Akhir milenium melihat peralihan ke <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Besi" title="Zaman Besi">Zaman Besi</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jumlah_penduduk_dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jumlah penduduk dunia (laman tidak wujud)">Jumlah penduduk dunia</a> semakin bertambah dan mencapai 50 juta menjelang 1000 SM. Era ini juga merupakan masa apabila agama Yahudi dikatakan muncul. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gambaran_keseluruhan">Gambaran keseluruhan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Gambaran keseluruhan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Gambaran keseluruhan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Gangsa_Pertengahan">Zaman Gangsa Pertengahan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Zaman Gangsa Pertengahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Zaman Gangsa Pertengahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahagian pertama milenium ini tidak begitu berwarna-warni berbanding dengan zaman-zaman yang lain dan masih wujud dalam bayangan zaman-zaman lampau yang lebih masyhur. Zaman ini merupakan reda dalam sejarah <a href="/wiki/Timur_Dekat" title="Timur Dekat">Timur Dekat</a> Kuno, dengan peradaban-peradaban ketika peralihan milenium menghabiskan semua tenaga untuk mencuba memulihkan keadaan yang amat huru-hara. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Mesir_kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Mesir kuno (laman tidak wujud)">Mesir</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> yang merupakan peradaban-peradaban yang paling berkuasa pada masa itu juga mengalami apa yang dipanggil zaman yang tidak menonjolkan diri, dan hanya menyasarkan matlamat-matlamat yang sederhana dan realistik. <a href="/wiki/Senarai_firaun" title="Senarai firaun">Firaun-firaun</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemaharajaan_Mesir_Pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemaharajaan Mesir Pertengahan (laman tidak wujud)">Kemaharajaan Mesir Pertengahan</a> dan raja-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_raja_Babylon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai raja Babylon (laman tidak wujud)">raja Babylon</a> sezaman yang berketurunan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amorite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amorite (laman tidak wujud)">Amorite</a> memerintah dengan baik tanpa terlalu banyak kezaliman, suka akan seni dan seni bina yang elegan tanpa tokok tambah, dan mencapai kestabilan yang malangnya berlangsung hanya untuk masa yang singkat. Di timur yang lebih jauh, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peradaban_Lembah_Indus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peradaban Lembah Indus (laman tidak wujud)">peradaban Lembah Indus</a> merupakan zaman kemerosotan yang mungkin diakibatkan oleh pembanjiran yang teruk. </p><p>Taktik ketenteraan Mesir dan Babylon masih berasaskan pada askar-askar berjalan kaki yang mengangkut pelengkapan mereka dengan keldai. Bergabung dengan sebuah ekonomi yang lemah dan kesulitan untuk mengekalkan ketenteraman, keadaan yang tidak kukuh ini hancur musnah di bawah tekanan-tekanan luar negeri yang tidak dapat ditentang oleh mereka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kekacauan_pada_abad_ke-16_SM">Kekacauan pada abad ke-16 SM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Kekacauan pada abad ke-16 SM" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kekacauan pada abad ke-16 SM"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lebih kurang seabad sebelum pertengahan milenium, gerombolan-gerombolan penyerang <a href="/wiki/Indo-Eropah" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Eropah">Indo-Eropah</a> menerpa masuk Timur Dekat dari dataran <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a> bak sebuah siri kejutan elektrik. Mereka menaiki rata-<a href="/wiki/Rata" title="Rata">rata</a> dua roda yang laju yang dikuasai oleh kuda-<a href="/wiki/Kuda" title="Kuda">kuda</a>. Sistem persenjataan itu telah dikembangkan pada masa yang lebih awal untuk peperangan dataran dan tidak dikenali di kalangan peradaban-peradaban timur klasik. Askar-askar berjalan kaki Mesir dan Babylon langsung tidak dapat menewaskannya. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyskos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyskos (laman tidak wujud)">Hyskos</a> menerpa masuk ke delta Nile pada <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-17_SM" title="Abad ke-17 SM">1630 SM</a>, manakala tentera <a href="/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan">Balkan</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aryan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aryan (laman tidak wujud)">Aryan</a> menerpa masuk ke <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> dan <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> pada <a href="/wiki/1600-an_SM" title="1600-an SM">1600 SM</a>, dan tentera <a href="/wiki/Hittite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hittite">Hittite</a> menerpa masuk ke <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1590-an_SM" title="1590-an SM">1595 SM</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Gangsa_Akhir">Zaman Gangsa Akhir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Zaman Gangsa Akhir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Zaman Gangsa Akhir"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orang-orang yang telah ditewaskan menyesuaikan diri dengan pantas kepada taktik-taktik yang baru ini, dan menyebabkan suatu keadaan antarabangsa yang baru. Untuk sebahagian besar separuh kedua milenium ke-2 SM, Timur Dekat Kuno menjadi sebuah papan catur raksasa yang banyak kuasa kawasan bersaing tidak henti-henti untuk hegemoni dengan menggunakan rata-rata mereka di semua arah. Zaman ini sebenarnya merupakan zaman yang berwarna-warni, dengan penekanan baru terhadap seni bina yang terlalu hebat, fesyen pakaian yang baru, surat-menyurat diplomatik pada tablet lempung, dan pertukaran ekonomi yang dibaharui, dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemaharajaan_Baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemaharajaan Baru (laman tidak wujud)">Kemaharajaan Baru</a> Mesir memainkan peranan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuasa_terbesar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuasa terbesar (laman tidak wujud)">kuasa terbesar</a> yang utama. Antara negara-negara yang agung pada masa itu, hanya <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> menahan diri daripada mengambil bahagian dalam permainan catur ini kerana berpuas hati dengan kedudukan barunya yang berprestij sebagai ibu kota agama dan intelek dunia. </p><p>Ini adalah peradaban <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Gangsa" title="Zaman Gangsa">Zaman Gangsa</a> pada zaman yang terakhir dan yang paling gemilang, dengan segala sifat sosialnya: tahap pembandaran yang rendah, kota-kota kecil yang dipusatkan pada kuil-kuil atau istana-istana, pemisahan kelas yang ketat antara rakyat buta huruf dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elit (laman tidak wujud)">elit</a> tentera yang berkuasa (dibolehkan kerana pengetahuan penulisan dan pendidikan dikhaskan untuk segolongan kecil yang terdiri daripada katib-<a href="/wiki/Katib" title="Katib">katib</a>), serta kehidupan bangsawan yang hebat. </p><p>Menjelang akhir milenium ke-2 SM, gelombang-gelombang baru orang-<a href="/wiki/Orang_gasar" title="Orang gasar">orang gasar</a> yang menunggang kuda pada kali ini memusnahkan sama sekali dunia Zaman Gangsa, dan disusuli oleh gelombangan-gelombangan perubahan sosial yang menandakan permulaan zaman yang amat berbeza. Yang juga menyebabkan perubahan-perubahan ini ialah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang-orang_Laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang-orang Laut (laman tidak wujud)">Orang-orang Laut</a> yang merupakan penyerang pelaut dari <a href="/wiki/Laut_Mediterranean" title="Laut Mediterranean">Laut Mediterranean</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peristiwa">Peristiwa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Peristiwa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Peristiwa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dinasti ke-2 <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>.</li> <li>Penghijrahan pertama orang-orang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantu (laman tidak wujud)">Bantu</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Barat" title="Afrika Barat">Afrika Barat</a>.</li> <li>Orang-orang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cushite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cushite (laman tidak wujud)">Cushite</a> menghalau penduduk-penduduk asli dari <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> dan mengasaskan hubungan perdagangan dengan <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemaharajaan_Pertengahan_Mesir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemaharajaan Pertengahan Mesir (laman tidak wujud)">Kemaharajaan Pertengahan</a> di Mesir (<a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-21_SM" title="Abad ke-21 SM">2052</a>–<a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-16_SM" title="Abad ke-16 SM">1570 SM</a>)</li> <li>k.k. <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-20_SM" title="Abad ke-20 SM">2000 SM</a> - Arca wanita <a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Menhir</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montagnac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montagnac (laman tidak wujud)">Montagnac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis">Perancis</a> dibuat dan kini berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Musee_d%27Histoire_Naturelle_et_de_Prehistoire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musee d'Histoire Naturelle et de Prehistoire (laman tidak wujud)">Musee d'Histoire Naturelle et de Prehistoire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimes">Nimes</a>.</li> <li>k.k. 2000 SM - <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-19_SM" title="Abad ke-19 SM">1900 SM</a> - Jag Kamares Ware dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaistos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phaistos (laman tidak wujud)">Phaistos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a> dibuat dan kini berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzium_Arkeologi_Heraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Iraklion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a>.</li> <li>Kemaharajaan Lama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hittites&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hittites (laman tidak wujud)">Hittites</a> di <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-19_SM" title="Abad ke-19 SM">1900 SM</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peradaban" class="mw-redirect" title="Peradaban">Peradaban</a> di <a href="/wiki/Kanaan" title="Kanaan">Kanaan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-18_SM" title="Abad ke-18 SM">1800 SM</a>).</li> <li>k.k. <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-18_SM" title="Abad ke-18 SM">1800 SM</a> - <a href="/wiki/1600-an_SM" title="1600-an SM">1600 SM</a> - Rata kuda dan suria dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trundholm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trundholm (laman tidak wujud)">Trundholm</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zealand (laman tidak wujud)">Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, dibuat dan kini berada di <a href="/wiki/Muzium_Negara" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzium Negara">Muzium Negara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>.</li> <li>k.k. <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-18_SM" title="Abad ke-18 SM">1750 SM</a> - Sebuah gempa bumi memusnahkan istana-istana di <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaistos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phaistos (laman tidak wujud)">Phaistos</a>.</li> <li>k.k. <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-16" title="Abad ke-16">1700 SM</a> - <a href="/wiki/1550-an_SM" title="1550-an SM">1550 SM</a> - Arca wanita atau dewi dengan ular-ular dari kompleks istana, <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a>, dibuat dan kini berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzium_Arkeologi_Heraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Iraklion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a>.</li> <li>k.k. 1700 SM - 1550 SM - Loket berbentuk dua ekor lebah atau penyengat dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chryssolakkos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chryssolakkos (laman tidak wujud)">Chryssolakkos</a> dekat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mallia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mallia (laman tidak wujud)">Mallia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a> dibuat dan kini berada dik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzium_Arkeologi_Heraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Iraklion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a>.</li> <li>k.k. 1700 SM - 1550 SM - Lukisan pelompatan lembu jantan dari kompleks istana, <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a>, dibuat dan kini berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzium_Arkeologi_Heraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Iraklion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a>.</li> <li>k.k. 1700 SM - <a href="/wiki/1300-an_SM" title="1300-an SM">1300 SM</a> - Kompleks istana di <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a> dibina.</li> <li>k.k. <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-17_SM" title="Abad ke-17 SM">1650 SM</a> - <a href="/wiki/1450-an_SM" title="1450-an SM">1450 SM</a> - Jambangan Penuai dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hagia_Triada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hagia Triada (laman tidak wujud)">Hagia Triada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a> dibuat dan kini berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzium_Arkeologi_Heraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Iraklion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a>.</li> <li>k.k. 1650 SM - 1450 SM - Cawan Vapheio yang ditemui dekat <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> dibuat dan kini berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzium_Arkeologi_Negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzium Arkeologi Negara (laman tidak wujud)">Muzium Arkeologi Negara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>.</li> <li>Pada <a href="/wiki/1620-an_SM" title="1620-an SM">1620-an SM</a> atau <a href="/wiki/1520-an_SM" title="1520-an SM">1520-an SM</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peletupan_Minoan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peletupan Minoan (laman tidak wujud)">peletupan Minoan</a> di <a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Thera</a> memusnahkan Minoan Akrotiri.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-16" title="Abad ke-16">1600 SM</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Shang" title="Dinasti Shang">Dinasti Shang</a> diasaskan di <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.</li> <li>Penguasaan <a href="/wiki/Kanaan" title="Kanaan">Kanaan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-17_SM" title="Abad ke-17 SM">1600 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-14_SM" title="Abad ke-14 SM">1360 SM</a>).</li> <li>k.k. <a href="/wiki/1550-an_SM" title="1550-an SM">1550 SM</a> - <a href="/wiki/1450-an_SM" title="1450-an SM">1450 SM</a> - Cawan berbentuk kepala lembu jantan dari kompleks istana, <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a>, dibuat dan kini berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzium_Arkeologi_Heraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Iraklion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a>.</li> <li>k.k. 1550 SM - 1450 SM - Lukisan dinding yang menggambarkan pelompatan lembu jantan dari kompleks istana, dan yang telah menjalani pemulihan moden, kini berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzium_Arkeologi_Heraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Iraklion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a>.</li> <li>k.k. <a href="/wiki/1500-an_SM" title="1500-an SM">1500 SM</a> - 1450 SM - Kelalang berbentuk sotong kurita dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaikastro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaikastro (laman tidak wujud)">Palaikastro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a> dibuat dan kini berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzium_Arkeologi_Heraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Muzium Arkeologi Heraklion</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraklion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraklion (laman tidak wujud)">Iraklion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1230-an_SM" title="1230-an SM">1235 SM</a> - <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> diasaskan.</li> <li>Penaklukan <a href="/wiki/Kanaan" title="Kanaan">Kanaan</a> oleh orang <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintahan_Beraja_Bersatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintahan Beraja Bersatu (laman tidak wujud)">Pemerintahan Beraja Bersatu</a> muncul dalam dekad-dekad terakhir pada milenium ini.</li> <li>Permulaan <a href="/wiki/Agama_Yahudi" title="Agama Yahudi">agama Yahudi</a> (<a href="/wiki/1200-an_SM" title="1200-an SM">1200 SM</a>).</li> <li>Kejatuhan <a href="/wiki/Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy">Troy</a> (tarikh tradisi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=1184_SM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1184 SM (laman tidak wujud)">1184 SM</a>. Bandingkanlah dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_VII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Troy VII (laman tidak wujud)">Troy VII</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perekaan,_penemuan,_dan_pengenalan"><span id="Perekaan.2C_penemuan.2C_dan_pengenalan"></span>Perekaan, penemuan, dan pengenalan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Perekaan, penemuan, dan pengenalan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Perekaan, penemuan, dan pengenalan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-20_SM" title="Abad ke-20 SM">2000 SM</a> - kemunculan <a href="/wiki/Rata" title="Rata">Rata</a> beroda dan <a href="/wiki/Gerabak" title="Gerabak">gerabak</a>.</li> <li>Pengembangan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abjad_Zaman_Gangsa_Pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abjad Zaman Gangsa Pertengahan (laman tidak wujud)">abjad</a>.</li> <li>Orang <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> mengembangkan sistem <a href="/wiki/Kasta" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasta">kasta</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Orang Cina</a> mencatat penglihatan <a href="/wiki/Komet" title="Komet">komet</a> pertama yang diketahui.</li> <li>Penggunaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideogram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideogram (laman tidak wujud)">ideogram</a> <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Cina" title="Bahasa Cina">Cina</a> pertama yang diketahui.</li> <li>Permulaan <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Besi" title="Zaman Besi">Zaman Besi</a>: penemuan teknik-teknik peleburan dan tukang besi di <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> pada akhir milenium ke-2 SM.</li> <li>Pembawaan masuk <a href="/wiki/Pokok_Pic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokok Pic">pic</a> dari <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> ke <a href="/wiki/Parsi" title="Parsi">Parsi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Eropah" title="Eropah">Eropah</a>.</li> <li>Kemunculan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_Veda_sejarah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama Veda sejarah (laman tidak wujud)">agama Veda sejarah</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rigveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rigveda (laman tidak wujud)">Rigveda</a>).</li> <li>Kemunculan <a href="/wiki/Monoteisme" title="Monoteisme">monoteisme</a> awal (<a href="/wiki/Atenisme" title="Atenisme">Atenisme</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kebudayaan">Kebudayaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Kebudayaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kebudayaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Peradaban <a href="/wiki/Olmec" class="mw-redirect" title="Olmec">Olmec</a> di <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerika" title="Mesoamerika">Mesoamerika</a>.</li> <li>Zaman <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a> Pertengahan.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peradaban_Oxus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peradaban Oxus (laman tidak wujud)">Peradaban Oxus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Andronovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Andronovo (laman tidak wujud)">Kebudayaan Andronovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peradaban_Aegea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peradaban Aegea (laman tidak wujud)">Peradaban Aegea</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Beaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Beaker (laman tidak wujud)">Kebudayaan Beaker</a> (k.k. <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-23_SM" title="Abad ke-23 SM">2200 SM</a> - <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-18_SM" title="Abad ke-18 SM">1800 SM</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Unetice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Unetice (laman tidak wujud)">Kebudayaan Unetice</a> (k.k. <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-19_SM" title="Abad ke-19 SM">1800 SM</a> - <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-16_SM" title="Abad ke-16 SM">1600 SM</a>).</li> <li>k.k. <a href="/wiki/1600-an_SM" title="1600-an SM">1600 SM</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Kyklades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Kyklades (laman tidak wujud)">Kebudayaan Kyklades</a> tamat di <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a>.</li> <li>k.k. 1600 SM - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peradaban_Minoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peradaban Minoa (laman tidak wujud)">Peradaban Minoa</a> memuncak.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Mykenai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yunani Mykenai (laman tidak wujud)">Tamadun Mykenai</a> (k.k. <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-17_SM" title="Abad ke-17 SM">1600 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-12_SM" title="Abad ke-12 SM">1200 SM</a>).</li> <li>k.k. 1600 SM - <a href="/wiki/Mykenai" title="Mykenai">Mykenai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> didiami.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Tumulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Tumulus (laman tidak wujud)">Kebudayaan Tumulus</a> (k.k. 1600 SM - <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-12_SM" title="Abad ke-12 SM">1200 SM</a>).</li> <li>k.k. <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-15_SM" title="Abad ke-15 SM">1450 SM</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peradaban_Minoan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peradaban Minoan (laman tidak wujud)">Peradaban Minoan</a> hilang kuasanya.</li> <li>k.k. <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-14_SM" title="Abad ke-14 SM">1400 SM</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Minoan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Minoan (laman tidak wujud)">Kebudayaan Minoan</a> tamat di <a href="/wiki/Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Crete">Crete</a>.</li> <li>k.k. 1400 SM - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Mycenae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Mycenae (laman tidak wujud)">Kebudayaan Mycenae</a> bermula di <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Urnfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Urnfield (laman tidak wujud)">Kebudayaan Urnfield</a> (k.k. <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-14_SM" title="Abad ke-14 SM">1300 SM</a> - <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-8_SM" title="Abad ke-8 SM">750 SM</a>).</li> <li>k.k. <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-12_SM" title="Abad ke-12 SM">1200 SM</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> ditinggalkan.</li> <li>k.k. <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-11_SM" title="Abad ke-11 SM">1100 SM</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Mycenae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Mycenae (laman tidak wujud)">Kebudayaan Mycenae</a> tamat di Yunani.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tokoh-tokoh">Tokoh-tokoh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Tokoh-tokoh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Tokoh-tokoh"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hammurabi" title="Hammurabi">Hammurabi</a>, raja dan penggubal undang-undang Babylon (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1790-an_SM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1790-an SM (laman tidak wujud)">1792</a>–<a href="/w/index.php?title=1740-an_SM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1740-an SM (laman tidak wujud)">1745 SM</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firaun" title="Firaun">Firaun</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamose (laman tidak wujud)">Kamose</a> daripada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Ke-17_Mesir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Ke-17 Mesir (laman tidak wujud)">Dinasti Ke-17 Mesir</a> (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1570-an_SM" title="1570-an SM">1573 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1570-an_SM" title="1570-an SM">1570 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmose_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmose I (laman tidak wujud)">Ahmose I</a> daripada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Ke-18_Mesir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (laman tidak wujud)">Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir</a> (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1570-an_SM" title="1570-an SM">1570 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1540-an_SM" title="1540-an SM">1546 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1540-an_SM" title="1540-an SM">1546 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1520-an_SM" title="1520-an SM">1524 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thutmose_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thutmose I (laman tidak wujud)">Thutmose I</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1520-an_SM" title="1520-an SM">1525 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1510-an_SM" title="1510-an SM">1518 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thutmose_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thutmose II (laman tidak wujud)">Thutmose II</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1510-an_SM" title="1510-an SM">1518 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1500-an_SM" title="1500-an SM">1504 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1500-an_SM" title="1500-an SM">1503 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1450-an_SM" title="1450-an SM">1450 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1490-an_SM" title="1490-an SM">1498 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1480-an_SM" title="1480-an SM">1483 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amenhotep II (laman tidak wujud)">Amenhotep II</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1450-an_SM" title="1450-an SM">1453 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1410-an_SM" title="1410-an SM">1419 SM</a>.</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thutmose_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thutmose IV (laman tidak wujud)">Thutmose IV</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1410-an_SM" title="1410-an SM">1453 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1380-an_SM" title="1380-an SM">1386 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1380-an_SM" title="1380-an SM">1386 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1340-an_SM" title="1340-an SM">1349 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1350-an_SM" title="1350-an SM">1350 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1330-an_SM" title="1330-an SM">1334 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smenkhkare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smenkhkare (laman tidak wujud)">Smenkhkare</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1330-an_SM" title="1330-an SM">1336 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1330-an_SM" title="1330-an SM">1334 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1330-an_SM" title="1330-an SM">1334 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1320-an_SM" title="1320-an SM">1325 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ay (laman tidak wujud)">Ay</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1320-an_SM" title="1320-an SM">1325 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1320-an_SM" title="1320-an SM">1321 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horemheb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horemheb (laman tidak wujud)">Horemheb</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-18 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1320-an_SM" title="1320-an SM">1321 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1290-an_SM" title="1290-an SM">1293 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramesses_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramesses I (laman tidak wujud)">Ramesses I</a> daripada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Ke-19_Mesir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Ke-19 Mesir (laman tidak wujud)">Dinasti Ke-19 Mesir</a> (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1290-an_SM" title="1290-an SM">1293 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1290-an_SM" title="1290-an SM">1291 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-19 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1290-an_SM" title="1290-an SM">1291 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1270-an_SM" title="1270-an SM">1278 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-19 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1270-an_SM" title="1270-an SM">1279 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1210-an_SM" title="1210-an SM">1212 SM</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shalmaneser_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shalmaneser I (laman tidak wujud)">Shalmaneser I</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja-raja_Assyria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raja-raja Assyria (laman tidak wujud)">Raja Assyria</a> (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1270-an_SM" title="1270-an SM">1274</a>–<a href="/wiki/1240-an_SM" title="1240-an SM">1245 SM</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Athens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raja Athens (laman tidak wujud)">Raja Athens</a> legenda, yang diberikan penghargaan untuk penyatuan politik <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a> di bawah <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> (dianggarkan memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1230-an_SM" title="1230-an SM">1234 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1200-an_SM" title="1200-an SM">1204 SM</a> atau <a href="/wiki/1210-an_SM" title="1210-an SM">1213 SM</a>).</li> <li>Firaun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merneptah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merneptah (laman tidak wujud)">Merneptah</a> daripada Dinasti Ke-19 Mesir (memerintah dari <a href="/wiki/1210-an_SM" title="1210-an SM">1212 SM</a>–<a href="/wiki/1200-an_SM" title="1200-an SM">1202 SM</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kitab_Bible">Kitab Bible</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Kitab Bible" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kitab Bible"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bapa-<a href="/wiki/Bapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bapa">bapa</a> kitab Bible: <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaac (laman tidak wujud)">Isaac</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob (laman tidak wujud)">Jacob</a> di dalam naratif <a href="/wiki/Genesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Genesis">Genesis</a> dilatarbelakangkan pada milenium ke-2 awal hingga pertengahan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Exodus">Exodus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> berlatarbelakangkan pada milenium ke-2 akhir (mungkin pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaman_Amarna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaman Amarna (laman tidak wujud)">zaman Amarna</a>; lihat juga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osarseph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osarseph (laman tidak wujud)">Osarseph</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moses_dan_Monoteisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moses dan Monoteisme (laman tidak wujud)">Moses dan Monoteisme</a></i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiksyen">Fiksyen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Fiksyen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Fiksyen"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S.M._Stirling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S.M. Stirling (laman tidak wujud)">S.M. Stirling</a>, seorang pengarang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiksyen_spekulatif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiksyen spekulatif (laman tidak wujud)">fiksyen spekulatif</a> <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, telah menulis sebuah <a href="/wiki/Trilogi" title="Trilogi">trilogi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=S.M._Stirling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S.M. Stirling (laman tidak wujud)">siri Nantucket</a>) yang berlatarbelakangkan pada kira-kira <a href="/wiki/1250-an_SM" title="1250-an SM">1250-an SM</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Gangsa" title="Zaman Gangsa">Zaman Gangsa</a>. Trilogi itu memerihalkan perbalahan antara puak-puak penduduk yang berbeza di pulau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nantucket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nantucket (laman tidak wujud)">Nantucket</a> selepas sebuah fenomena yang tidak diketahui ("Si Peristiwa") membawa mereka ke masa lampau — dengan sesetengah mereka cuba menguasai dunia untuk manfaat sendiri, dan yang lain cuba memperbaiknya — dan peradaban-peradaban Zaman Gangsa yang berbeza.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&oldid=5967339">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milenium_ke-2_SM&oldid=5967339</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Milenium_ke-2_SM" title="Kategori:Milenium ke-2 SM">Milenium ke-2 SM</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 18:02, 11 September 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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