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During the reign of the \u0026quot; Great Fifth \u0026quot; Dalai Lama , Ngag - dbang - blo - bzang rGya - mtsho ( Ngawang Losang Gyatso , 1617-82 )\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA178","page_number":"178","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonk\u003c/b\u003e Buddhaghosa , who came to Sri Lanka from India in the fifth century CE . He collected and translated a large body of Sinhalese commentaries on the Pali texts and his most important work , the Visuddhimagga ( \u0026quot; Path to Purification\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA181","page_number":"181","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e learning the Buddhist scriptures at Kurje temple , Bhutan . THE LOTUS SUTRA The Lotus Sutra has functioned in ... \u003cb\u003emonk\u003c/b\u003e in debate with his teacher ( left."},{"page_id":"PA183","page_number":"183","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e . An Indian \u003cb\u003emonk\u003c/b\u003e , Bud- dhaghosa , shaped Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka ( see p.178 ) ; the \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e Shenxiu and Huineng founded respectively the Northern and Southern schools of Chan in China ; the Japanese \u003cb\u003emonk\u003c/b\u003e Dogen gave clas\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA184","page_number":"184","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e as well as laypeople . The bodhisattva cultivates the virtues of compassion ( karuna ) and wisdom ( prajna ) ... \u003cb\u003emonk\u003c/b\u003e sits in contemplation of Buddhist scriptures at the great temple complex of Angkor Thom , Cambodia . THE PATH\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA185","page_number":"185","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e come to a layperson\u0026#39;s home on their morning begging round to receive donations of food , the more gen- erous a ... \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e observe five further precepts : no eating after midday , no use of ornaments , no attending\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA190","page_number":"190","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e \u0026#39; annual monsoon retreat is marked by a big , lively festival in which laypeople join the \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e and make offerings to provide clothing and other necessities to sustain the monastic commu- nity for the coming year . Rites of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA191","page_number":"191","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonk\u003c/b\u003e . In southeast Asia , Buddhist \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e are often invited to weddings to receive offerings and chant auspicious texts , but the specifically Buddhist element in the ceremonies seems peripheral , if not entirely absent . In China\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA192","page_number":"192","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e , in the hope of receiving a better birth in the next life . But Siddhartha Gautama saw sam- sara as an eternal grind of deaths and potential suffering and set out to break the cycle . His act of liberation , the cessation of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA194","page_number":"194","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e , nuns , laymen , and laywomen . The \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e and nuns attempt to follow the Buddha\u0026#39;s example by renouncing the duties of ordinary lay people and living lives of simplicity . The laity take responsibility for maintaining the fabric\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA195","page_number":"195","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e leave the monastery and go from house to house to beg their food for that day . This simple ritual ties the \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e and laity together in a network of mutual support . The \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e receive Young \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e line up to receive their\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA196","page_number":"196","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonk\u003c/b\u003e before assuming the throne , in which period he became a supporter of a reformist branch of Buddhism known in Thai as Thammayut ( from Pali Dhamma - yuttika , \u0026quot; Those who adhere to the Dharma \u0026quot; ) . As king ( from 1851 ) , he\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA197","page_number":"197","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonk\u003c/b\u003e . More recently , Aung San Suu Kyi has brought Buddhist principles to bear in a campaign to restore Burmese democracy ( see box , below ) . As her career demonstrates , it is possible for women to play an important role in the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA207","page_number":"207","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonk\u003c/b\u003e Xuanzang ( see p.217 ) . From the fourth to the fourteenth centuries CE , pilgrims carved the \u0026quot; Caves of a Thousand Buddhas \u0026quot; into the soft The caves at Dunhuang , northwest China . Their remoteness ensured that they remained\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA217","page_number":"217","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonk\u003c/b\u003e Xuanzang ( who lived ca. 596-664CE ) sets off on a hazardous trip to India in search of Buddhist scriptures with com- panions who are celestial beings and have gained their powers through Daoist practices . Under the orders of the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA219","page_number":"219","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e at a Shanghai monastery . From the traditional Chinese ethical perspective , Buddhist \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e and nuns were seen as parasitical because they begged , and unfilial because they were celibate . Tales such as that of Mulian , a\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA235","page_number":"235","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e are associated with Chinese funerary rites , reciting sutras to help speed souls through Hell . With its promise of universal salvation , Buddhism has also provided a refuge for many , notably women , from the rigidity of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA243","page_number":"243","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e Kobo - daishi and Dengyo - daishi returned from sojourns in China to found two new sects on Chinese models , respec- tively Shingon ( from Chinese Zhen yan , \u0026quot; True Word \u0026quot; ) and Tendai ( from Tiantai , a mountain and sect in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA249","page_number":"249","snippet_text":"... at Nara in the 13th century . The striking realism of this figure was typical of the Kamakura era ( 1185-1333 ) . The god is represented in the habit of a Buddhist \u003cb\u003emonk\u003c/b\u003e . A Buddhist master calligrapher in Tokyo at work on a."},{"page_id":"PA254","page_number":"254","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonk\u003c/b\u003e ) on Mount Hiei until 1201. He subsequently fell under the influence of Honen ( see main text ) and accompanied him into exile from 1207-11 . After Honen\u0026#39;s death in 1212 , Shinran received a pardon from the authorities . By this\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA255","page_number":"255","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonk\u003c/b\u003e Keichu ( 1640-1701 ) and , more immediately , Kamo no Mabuchi ( 1697-1769 ) . Both had sought to define Japanese national identity with reference to the ancient Shinto texts . Motoori spent the rest of his life interpreting the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA275","page_number":"275","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eMonks\u003c/b\u003e and Nuns in Society and Culture . New York : Facts on File , 1984 . Conze , Edward , ed . Buddhist Scriptures . New York : Penguin , 1959 . Eckel , Malcolm David . To See the Buddha : A Philosopher\u0026#39;s Quest for the Meaning of\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=BshpqnbLOvQC\u0026pg=PA275\u0026vq=monks"},{"page_id":"PA278","page_number":"278","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003emonks\u003c/b\u003e , 195–6 , 195 Buddhist Peace Delegation , 183 Buddhist sects Huayan , 174 Pure Land ( Amidism ) , 177 , 193 in China , 206 , 219 , 232-3 in Japan , 241 , 245 , 248 , 251 , 253-5 , 257 , 266-7 Jodo - shinshu , 238 , 245 , 253-4\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=BshpqnbLOvQC\u0026pg=PA278\u0026vq=monks"}],"search_query_escaped":"monks"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>